Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JP4045663B2 - Method for producing astaxanthin-containing hematococcus - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JP4045663B2 - Method for producing astaxanthin-containing hematococcus - Google Patents

Method for producing astaxanthin-containing hematococcus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4045663B2
JP4045663B2 JP24163998A JP24163998A JP4045663B2 JP 4045663 B2 JP4045663 B2 JP 4045663B2 JP 24163998 A JP24163998 A JP 24163998A JP 24163998 A JP24163998 A JP 24163998A JP 4045663 B2 JP4045663 B2 JP 4045663B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
culture
hematococcus
astaxanthin
outdoor
pond
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP24163998A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2000060532A (en
Inventor
博之 太郎田
規正 野中
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DIC Corp
Original Assignee
Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co Ltd filed Critical Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co Ltd
Priority to JP24163998A priority Critical patent/JP4045663B2/en
Publication of JP2000060532A publication Critical patent/JP2000060532A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4045663B2 publication Critical patent/JP4045663B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Landscapes

  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、食材用色素として、また化粧品、医薬品、健康食品として、更には魚介類や卵黄等の食材の色揚げ等に有用なアスタキサンチンを3%以上含有するヘマトコッカスの工業的な製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
アスタキサンチンは赤色を呈するカロテノイド色素の一種で、自然界に広く分布している。例えば、マダイやサケ・マス等の魚類、あるいは甲殻類等は、その表皮、筋肉又は外殻等にアスタキサンチンを蓄積し、その為に表皮あるいは肉が美しい赤色もしくは桃色を呈するが、これらの生物は自らアスタキサンチンを生合成することはできない。
【0003】
この為、アスタキサンチンは天然物由来で、食材用色素として有用であると共に、これら魚介類を養殖する場合には、通常飼料にアスタキサンチンを添加し、着色、いわゆる色揚げが行われている(特開昭54-70995号公報、特開平7-67546号公報)。また鶏卵の色調改善等を目的とした家禽用飼料等にも利用されており(特許2561198号号公報)、更に最近はアスタキサンチンの持つ強力な抗酸化作用が注目され、化粧品や医薬品、健康食品としての用途も検討されている(特開昭63-83017号公報、特開平2-49091号公報)。
【0004】
これらに用いられるアスタキサンチン源としては、化学合成品の他、アスタキサンチンを含有する、オキアミ・アミエビ類やファフィア酵母類等がある。市場では安全性の面から天然品の方がより好まれており、オキアミから色素を抽出精製する方法や、ファフィア酵母の培養法等が盛んに研究されている(特開平6-200179号公報、特開平8-508885号公報)。
【0005】
しかしながら、これら生物はアスタキサンチン含有量が低く、抽出や精製等にも問題があり、現在のところ化学合成品が最も多く使用されているが、安全性の観点から、天然物由来のアスタキサンチンを安価に使用したいとの要請は強い。
【0006】
藻類のヘマトコッカスは、上述の生物に比べてアスタキサンチン含有量が顕著に高い為、天然物由来のアスタキサンチン源として近年特に注目されている。 しかしながら、ヘマトコッカスがアスタキサンチンを生成蓄積することは古くから知られ(T. W. Goodwin, et. al., Biochem. J., 57, p376 (1954))、以来様々な研究が為されて来たにもかかわらず、大量培養技術は未だに確立されていない。その理由は、ヘマトコッカスが比較的弱い藻類であり、培養しにくいことである。
【0007】
ヘマトコッカス中に多量にアスタキサンチンを生成蓄積させる為には、多量の強い光を照射することが重要であり、藻類を光合成培養する為には、光源として太陽光が最も安価かつ強力で、従って、通常は屋外の太陽光下の池型の培養装置(以下、屋外培養池という)が用いられる。
【0008】
しかし、屋外培養池でヘマトコッカスを培養する場合は、ヘマトコッカスを補食する動物や寄生する微生物が外部から培養池に混入すること(以下夾雑という)を防ぐことは非常に困難で、従来、屋外培養池での商業生産に成功した藻類は、増殖の速いクロレラ、あるいはアルカリ又は高塩濃度条件下で培養することにより、夾雑を防止できるスピルリナやドナリエラに限られていた。
【0009】
ヘマトコッカスをコストの安い屋外培養池で培養すると、数日後に繊毛虫、ワムシ等の動物プランクトンや、真菌類が夾雑してヘマトコッカスを補食あるいは寄生する為、ヘマトコッカスの培養は不可能であった。
【0010】
捕食あるいは寄生生物の夾雑を防止する為に、チューブラー等の様々な閉鎖型培養装置や培養方法が考案されてきた(特公平2-501189号公報、特開平5-68585号公報)。しかしいずれも、装置が複雑で製造コストが高くなること、夾雑を十分に防止できないこと等の問題点があり、研究段階にとどまっている。
【0011】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、屋外培養池で捕食あるいは寄生生物の影響を軽減せしめた、高いアスタキサンチン含有ヘマトコッカスの工業的な製造方法を提供することにある。
【0012】
【課題を解決する為の手段】
本発明者らは、鋭意研究の結果、屋外培養池でヘマトコッカスを培養する場合、ヘマトコッカスを補食する動物(以下補食動物という)や寄生する微生物(以下寄生微生物という)の夾雑により、培養開始から4〜8日間以降に藻体量が減少し始めること、更に屋外培養池の培養開始時のヘマトコッカス藻体濃度(以下、初発藻濃度という)とアスタキサンチン生成速度の関係を調べ、効率良くアスタキサンチンを生成蓄積させるのに適した初発藻濃度があること、
【0013】
ヘマトコッカスを閉鎖型培養装置で増殖させ、殺菌後の屋外培養池に接種しヘマトコッカス中にアスタキサンチンを生成、蓄積させることにより、補食動物や寄生微生物の夾雑により藻体が減少する前に、アスタキサンチン含有量の高いヘマトコッカス藻体を製造できることを見いだして、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0014】
即ち、本発明は
(イ)藻類ヘマトコッカスを閉鎖型培養装置で増殖させ、次いで屋外培養池において、ヘマトコッカス中にアスタキサンチンを生成蓄積させ、ヘマトコッカスを補食あるいは寄生する生物が培養池中に夾雑、増殖する前に培養を完了することを特徴とする、2段階培養法によるアスタキサンチン含有ヘマトコッカスの製造方法と、
【0015】
(ロ)アスタキサンチンを生成蓄積させる屋外培養池の初発ヘマトコッカス濃度を5〜20gDCW/m2とすることを特徴とする、(イ)に記載のアスタキサンチン含有ヘマトコッカスの製造方法と、
【0016】
(ハ)閉鎖型培養装置が、培養液に人為的に光を照射しない装置であることを特徴とする、(イ)又は(ロ)に記載のアスタキサンチン含有ヘマトコッカスの製造方法と、
【0017】
(ニ)屋外培養池の培養液中に、ヘマトコッカスの増殖栄養源としての窒素源を実質的に含まないことを特徴とする、(イ)又は(ロ)に記載のアスタキサンチン含有ヘマトコッカスの製造方法とを含むものである。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で用いられるヘマトコッカスとは、緑藻綱ボルボックス目クラミドモナス科ヘマトコッカス属に属する単細胞藻類であり、特定の藻株に限る必要はなく、大学や研究機関に保存されている藻株、あるいは世界各地の湖沼、河川、水たまり、海辺等で採取し純粋分離した藻株を用いることができる。
【0019】
前者の例としては、ヘマトコッカス プルビアリス(Haematococcus pluvialis)は、国立環境研究所のNIES144、米国テキサス大学藻類保存施設のUTEX2505、ヘマトコッカス ラキュストリス(H. lacustris)は、American Type Culture CollectionのATCC30402、同30453、東京大学応用微生物研究所のIAM C-392、同C-393、同C-394、同C-339、UTEX 16、同294、ヘマトコッカス カペンシス(H. capensis)は、UTEX LB1023、ヘマトコッカス ドロエバケンシス(H. droebakensis)は、UTEX 55、ヘマトコッカス ジンバブエンシス(H. zimbabwiensis)は、UTEX LB1758、等が挙げられる。
【0020】
後者としては、例えば、墓石や岩石の窪みに溜まった雨水が赤色を呈している場合、それを採取して、淡水産藻類用培地の平板寒天培地に塗抹することにより、ヘマトコッカスを分離することができる。
【0021】
ヘマトコッカスは、好適な条件下では2本の等長鞭毛を有する涙滴型の遊走子細胞となり、細胞分裂により増殖する。この遊走子に、例えば窒素欠乏や強い光の照射、高塩濃度等の様々なストレスを与えると、増殖を停止して形態が変化し、鞭毛が無い球形のシスト細胞になることが知られている(M. R. Droop, Arch. Mikrobiol., 21, p267 (1955))。シスト化にともなって、多くの場合、原形質にアスタキサンチンを生成蓄積する。尚、この細胞内構造をヘマトクロームと呼ぶこともある。
【0022】
ヘマトコッカスを屋外培養池で培養した場合には、参考例に示すように、必ず補食動物や寄生微生物の夾雑が発生する。培養池を次亜塩素酸塩等で殺菌した後培養を開始した場合には8日目以降に、あるいは培養後に池を殺菌しなかった場合は4日目以降に、顕微鏡下で補食動物あるいは寄生微生物が認められ、藻濃度は減少する。
【0023】
補食動物としては繊毛虫、ワムシの他、アメーバ、ユスリカの幼虫(アカムシ)等が挙げられ、ヘマトコッカスの遊走子及びシスト細胞の両方を補食する。一方、寄生微生物としては真菌のツボカビ類に属するキトリッド等が挙げられ、ヘマトコッカスのシスト細胞に特異的に寄生し死滅させる。
【0024】
このような捕食又は寄生生物の夾雑を防止する目的で、本発明における2段階培養では、ヘマトコッカスをまず捕食又は寄生生物の夾雑のない閉鎖型(密閉型)培養装置で増殖させる。ここで用いる装置は、補食動物あるいは寄生微生物の夾雑を防止できるものであれば良く、例えばタンク型、チューブラー型、又はエアドーム型の培養装置が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
【0025】
高圧蒸気滅菌できるタンク型培養装置は、ヘマトコッカスを純粋培養することができるので、この目的に好適である。淡水産藻類用の培地に酢酸又は酢酸塩を1〜100mmol/l、好ましくは5〜30mmol/l加え、pHを6〜9、好ましくは7〜8に調整し、高圧蒸気滅菌する。淡水産藻類用の培地には藻類の増殖に必要な窒素、リン、カリウム、マグネシウム、鉄、その他微量金属の無機塩とチアミン等のビタミンが含まれ、例えばVT培地、C培地、MBM培地、MDM培地等が挙げられる(藻類研究法、千原光雄・西澤一俊編、共立出版、1979)。
【0026】
なかでもC培地はトリス塩酸塩が含まれ、pH調整が容易なので好ましい。
これにヘマトコッカスを接種して、20〜32℃、好ましくは25〜28℃で通気、及び攪拌しながら培養する。増殖が始まると酢酸が消費されてpHが上昇し、そのままでは増殖が阻害されるので、酢酸や塩酸等を添加してpHを6〜9、好ましくはpH7〜8に保つことが好ましい。
【0027】
この培養は光を照射しながら行うこともでき、その場合には炭素源として酢酸の代わりに二酸化炭素を用いることもできる。但し、酢酸を用いた方が増殖は速い。本発明では、次の屋外培養池での培養で、安価な太陽光を利用してアスタキサンチンをヘマトコッカス中に蓄積させる為、高価な装置と運転コストがかかる閉鎖型培養装置での光照射は必ずしも必要としない。
【0028】
閉鎖型培養装置での培養により、緑色、茶色ないし赤色の遊走子又はシストからなる、補食動物や寄生微生物の夾雑がない清浄なヘマトコッカス藻体が得られる。これを次に屋外培養池に移し、アスタキサンチンを迅速に生成蓄積させる。
【0029】
屋外培養池は、コンクリート製、又はプラスチック製の円型あるいはレースウエイ型等の池と、培養液を攪拌する装置、及び二酸化炭素を培養液に供給する装置からなり、クロレラやスピルリナ、ドナリエラ等の培養に一般に使われているものを用いることもでき、その表面は大気、太陽光下に開放されているものであり、補食動物や寄生微生物の屋外培養池への浸入を防止する為に、屋外培養池が特にガラス等で密閉されている必要はない。
【0030】
閉鎖型培養装置で培養したヘマトコッカスを屋外培養池に移す前に、屋外培養池が殺菌されていることが好ましい。屋外培養池の殺菌は、補食動物や寄生微生物を死滅させる方法であれば何でも良いが、次亜塩素酸塩やオゾンによる薬液殺菌は方法が簡便で本発明に適している。
【0031】
具体的には、屋外培養池を洗浄した後、次亜塩素酸塩やオゾンを培地に溶解して屋外培養池に満たすだけでよく、同時に培地の殺菌も行われる。殺菌後は太陽光の照射と攪拌により残留塩素やオゾンは培地中から消失するので、そのまま培養を開始することができる。
【0032】
殺菌条件は添加濃度(ppm)と時間(分)の積であるCT値で表され、本発明においては、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムや次亜塩素酸カルシウムの場合CT値が5〜500、オゾンの場合ではCT値が0.5〜10となるよう殺菌する。これらの殺菌操作を行うと、ヘマトコッカスを屋外培養池で最大7日間培養することができる。また殺菌操作を行わない場合は、最大3日間培養することができる。
【0033】
本来、屋外培養池での培養中に夾雑生物が存在しないことを確認しながら行うことが好ましいが、本発明で言う、ヘマトコッカスを補食あるいは寄生する生物が培養池中に夾雑、増殖する前に培養を完了するとは、閉鎖型培養装置で培養したヘマトコッカスを屋外培養池に移す前に、屋外培養池を殺菌した場合は、最大7日間、屋外培養池を殺菌していない場合は、最大3日間培養することを意味する。
【0034】
夾雑の有無は検鏡して確認するが、培養液1滴中に補食動物や寄生微生物が認められた場合は、既に藻濃度が減少し始めていることも多く、そうなると培養後の培養池の洗浄や滅菌もまた難しくなる為、これらの日数は重要な意味を持つ。
【0035】
屋外培養池での培地は、淡水産藻類用培地に含まれる無機塩類の一部、又は全てを除いたもの、少なくとも、ヘマトコッカスの増殖栄養源としての窒素源を実質的に含まないものを用いる。地下水、河川水、農業用水あるいは飲料水そのものでもよい。このような栄養分が欠乏した培地を用いることにより、ヘマトコッカスの遊走子は増殖を停止してシスト化しアスタキサンチンがヘマトコッカス中に生成蓄積される。
【0036】
また0.3〜0.4%の塩化ナトリウム等の添加による塩分濃度の増加によっても、この現象を促進させることが出来る(M. R. Droop, Arch. Mikrobiol., 20, 391頁 (1954))。これらの培地を上記の薬液殺菌又は紫外線殺菌、熱殺菌等の方法で殺菌した後、屋外培養池に投入する。
【0037】
次に、閉鎖型培養装置で培養した夾雑のないヘマトコッカス藻体を屋外培養池に接種するが、この時の初発藻濃度はアスタキサンチンの生産性及びヘマトコッカスのアスタキサンチン含有量に大きく影響する。この時、アスタキサンチン生成速度及びアスタキサンチン含有量は光量とも深い関係がある。
【0038】
光量は光量子束密度(E)で表され、屋外での光量はもちろん場所や天候等により異なるが、ヘマトコッカスの培養に好適な場所の光量は25〜100E/m2・日、年平均で50E/m2・日程度である。初発藻濃度及び光量と、アスタキサンチンの培養面積当たり生成速度及びヘマトコッカスのアスタキサンチン含有量との関係は、実施例に具体的に示した。初発藻濃度が5gDCW/m2以下では、どの光量においても面積当たりのアスタキサンチン生産性が低いことが分かった。
【0039】
本発明で言う、gDCWとは、乾燥細胞重量の略であり、JIS K 0101(工業用水試験方法)、JIS K0102(工場排水試験方法)記載の水中の懸濁物質(SS)の測定用として一般に広く用いられていアドバンテック東洋株式会社製のGS−25(孔径約1μm、極微細な硼珪酸塩ガラス繊維を有機バインダー(アクリル樹脂)処理した濾紙)で培養液を濾過した後、該濾紙を105℃で6時間乾燥し、恒量とした後、重量を測定することにより得られる乾燥細胞重量をgで表したものを言う。
【0040】
ヘマトコッカスはアスタキサンチン含有量が最大5%にも達することが特長であるが、光量が25E/m2・日と弱い場合には、初発藻濃度が20gDCW/m2を超えると、ヘマトコッカス中のアスタキサンチン含有量が3日間以内には3%まで到達せず、また初発藻濃度が30gDCW/m2を超えると、アスタキサンチン含有量が7日間以内には3%に到達せず、十分にアスタキサンチンを生成蓄積することができない。
【0041】
従って、3%以上のアスタキサンチンを含有するヘマトコッカスを製造する為には、屋外培養池での初発藻濃度は、屋外培養池を殺菌し、培養期間が7日間以内の場合には5〜30gDCW/m2、屋外培養池を殺菌せず、3日間以内の場合には5〜20gDCW/m2にしなければならない。
【0042】
本発明においては、屋外培養池の初発ヘマトコッカス濃度を5〜20gDCW/m2とすることが好ましい。屋外培養池の液深は、任意に変えられるが、太陽光を有効に利用することから、好ましくは5cm〜40cm、更に好ましくは10cm〜30cmである。
【0043】
例えば、屋外培養池の液深が10cmである場合には、屋外培養池の初発ヘマトコッカス濃度5〜20gDCW/m2は、培養液のヘマトコッカス濃度が50mg/l〜200mg/lであることを意味し、液深が20cmの場合には、25mg/l〜100mg/lであることを意味する。
【0044】
屋外培養池での培養は、適当に攪拌しながら3〜7日間行う。培地のpHは、昼間は光合成による二酸化炭素の消費により上昇し、夜間は呼吸による二酸化炭素の排出で低下する。昼間は二酸化炭素濃度が低下し光合成の律速段階となるので、外部から二酸化炭素を添加してpHを6〜9、好ましくは7〜8に保つようにする。
【0045】
この間、ヘマトコッカスの遊走子は増殖が停止してシスト化が進み、細胞数は増加しないが、光合成によりアスタキサンチンを生成蓄積するので、細胞は大型化し、見かけの藻濃度も増大する。本発明の2段階培養法によって、3%以上の高濃度のアスタキサンチンを含有したヘマトコッカス藻体を効率よく製造することができる。
【0046】
【実施例】
以下に本発明を実施例及び比較例により説明するが、元より本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0047】
(参考例1〜5)夾雑による藻濃度の減少(殺菌した培養池)
Haematococcus pluvialis NIES144及び本発明者が純粋分離したHaematococcus sp. DY-1をタンク型培養装置で培養し、緑色遊走子の藻体を得た。液深が10cmになるよう飲料水を満たした屋外の円型培養池(1.2m2)を表中の条件で薬液殺菌し、ここに藻体を20g DCW/m2(200mg/l)となるよう接種し、pHを二酸化炭素で7.5に制御しながら12rpmで攪拌培養した。毎日培養液1滴をスライドグラスに滴下して検鏡し、また藻濃度を測定した。
結果を表1に示す。いずれの培養例でも夾雑は8日目以降に観察され、ヘマトコッカス濃度も8日目以降に減少し始めた。
【0048】
【表1】

Figure 0004045663
【0049】
(参考例6〜12)夾雑による藻濃度の減少(殺菌しない培養池)
屋外の円型培養池(1.2m2)又はレースウエイ型培養池(5m2)を、洗浄しただけで薬液殺菌せずに飲料水を液深10cmになるよう満たし、ここに参考例1〜5と同様の藻体を20gDCW/m2(200mg/l)となるよう接種して、pHを二酸化炭素で7.5に制御しながら攪拌培養した。毎日検鏡と藻濃度の測定を行った。結果を表2に示す。いずれの培養例でも、夾雑は4日目以降に観察され、ヘマトコッカス濃度も5日目以降に減少し始めた。
【0050】
【表2】
Figure 0004045663
【0051】
(実施例1)
パドル型インペラーを装着した5Lタンク型培養装置に、2倍に濃縮したC培地に酢酸ナトリウムを10mmol/lとなるよう添加した培地2.8Lを加え、高圧蒸気滅菌した。これにフラスコで培養したH. pluvialis NIES144の培養液200mlを接種して、25℃、攪拌速度50rpm、通気量300ml/分で培養した。培地pHは1M酢酸の添加により7.5に制御した。10日間培養して、緑色の遊走子からなる藻濃度600mg/lの無菌の培養液を得た。
【0052】
次に25Lアクリル製円筒型密閉培養槽に、2倍に濃縮したC培地17Lを加え、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムで薬液殺菌(CT値=120)した。これに上記の培養液3Lを接種して、25℃、通気量2L/分で、陽光ランプで照明しながら(光量=4E/L/日)培養した。培地pHは、二酸化炭素の添加により7.5に制御した。5日間培養して、緑色の遊走子からなる藻濃度600mg/Lの培養液を得た。この培養液からは、当初の培地に含まれていた硝酸態窒素は全く検出されず、また補食動物や寄生微生物の夾雑も認められなかった。
【0053】
こうして得た培養液を飲料水で1、2、3、6、12及び24倍に希釈して、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムで殺菌(CT値=60)した1.2m2の屋外円型培養池に液深が10cmになるよう接種し、pHは二酸化炭素の添加により7.5に制御しながら培養した。培養期間中の温度は25〜32℃、光量は平均で26E/m2・日、及び48E/m2・日となるように農業用遮光シートで調節した。
【0054】
緑色の遊走子は速やかにシスト化しアスタキサンチンを生成蓄積した。培養3日目および7日目のアスタキサンチン生成速度、及びアスタキサンチン含有量を表3(光量は平均26E/m2・日)と表4(光量は平均48E/m2・日)に示す。尚、培養7日目まで、補食動物や寄生微生物の夾雑は認められなかった。
【0055】
【表3】
Figure 0004045663
【0056】
【表4】
Figure 0004045663
【0057】
(実施例2)
パドル型インペラーを装着した50Lタンク型培養装置に、2倍に濃縮したC培地に酢酸ナトリウムを10mmol/lとなるよう添加した培地27Lを加え、高圧蒸気滅菌した。これに実施例1と同様に5Lタンク型培養装置で培養し藻濃度が600mg/lとなったH. sp. DY-1の培養液3Lを接種して、25℃、攪拌速度40rpm、通気量3L/分で培養した。培地pHは1M酢酸の添加により7.5に制御した。8日間培養して、緑色の遊走子からなる藻濃度600mg/lの無菌の培養液を得た。この培養液からは、当初の培地に含まれていた硝酸態窒素は全く検出されなかった。
【0058】
洗浄した1.2m2の屋外円型培養池に飲料水100Lを満たし、ここに上記の培養液20Lを接種して(液深10cm)、pHは二酸化炭素の添加により7.5に制御しながら3日間培養した。培養期間中の温度は25〜32℃、日平均光量は46E/m2・日であった。3日後に、赤色シストからなるヘマトコッカス藻体を収穫し、遠心濃縮の後凍結乾燥して、アスタキサンチン含有量3.2%の藻体を41g得た。収穫の際検鏡したが、補食動物や寄生微生物の夾雑は認められなかった。
【0059】
(比較例1)
パドル型インペラーを装着した5Lタンク型培養装置に、2倍に濃縮したC培地に酢酸ナトリウムを10mmol/lとなるよう添加した培地2.8Lを加え、高圧蒸気滅菌した。これにフラスコで培養したH. pluvialis NIES144の培養液200mlを接種し、25℃、攪拌速度50rpm、通気量300ml/分で培養した。培地pHは、1M酢酸の添加により7.5に制御した。10日間培養して、緑色の遊走子からなる藻濃度600mg/lの無菌の培養液を得た。
この時、当初の培地に含まれていた硝酸態窒素は全て消費されており、検出されなかった。
【0060】
屋外の0.3m2アクリル製角型培養池に、2倍に濃縮したC培地27Lを加え、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムで薬液殺菌(CT値=60)した。これに上記の培養液3Lを接種して(液深10cm)培養した。培地pHは、二酸化炭素の添加により7.5に制御した。10日間培養して、茶色の遊走子からなる藻濃度840mg/lの培養液を得た。培養期間中の温度は25〜30℃、日平均光量は36E/m2・日であった。この培養液からは、当初の培地に含まれていた硝酸態窒素は全く検出されず、検鏡によりヘマトコッカスを補食して緑色を呈した繊毛虫が培養液1滴当たり1〜3個観察された。
【0061】
洗浄した1.2m2の屋外円型培養池に飲料水90Lを満たし、ここに上記の培養液30Lを接種して(液深10cm)、pHは二酸化炭素の添加により7.5に制御しながら培養した。培養期間中の温度は25〜32℃、日平均光量は41E/m2・日であった。2日後に培養液をサンプリングしたところ、赤褐色のシストからなるヘマトコッカスの藻濃度は31gDCW/m2(310mg/l)、藻体のアスタキサンチン含有量は1.9%であった。しかし、この日から繊毛虫とワムシが急速に増殖してヘマトコッカスを補食し、3日目に検鏡するとヘマトコッカスは全く見られなかった。
【0062】
【発明の効果】
本発明のアスタキサンチン含有ヘマトコッカスの製造方法により、閉鎖型培養装置で清浄なヘマトコッカス藻体を得ることにより夾雑を防ぐことができ、それを屋外培養池に移してアスタキサンチンを生成蓄積させることにより、3%以上の高いアスタキサンチン含有ヘマトコッカスを安価かつ効率的に製造することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an industrial method for producing hematococcus containing 3% or more of astaxanthin which is useful as a coloring matter for foodstuffs, as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, health foods, and for coloring foods such as seafood and egg yolk. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Astaxanthin is a type of carotenoid pigment that exhibits a red color and is widely distributed in nature. For example, fish such as red sea bream, salmon and trout, crustaceans, etc. accumulate astaxanthin in their epidermis, muscle or outer shell, and the skin or flesh has a beautiful red or pink color. Astaxanthin cannot be biosynthesized by itself.
[0003]
For this reason, astaxanthin is derived from natural products and is useful as a pigment for foodstuffs, and when cultivating these fish and shellfish, astaxanthin is usually added to the feed and colored, so-called deep-fried (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-318867). Sho-54-70995, JP-A-7-67546). It is also used for poultry feeds for the purpose of improving the color tone of eggs (Patent No. 2561198). Recently, the strong antioxidant action of astaxanthin has attracted attention, and is used as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and health foods. Are also being studied (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 63-83017 and 2-49091).
[0004]
Astaxanthin sources used for these include, in addition to chemically synthesized products, krill / Amy prawns and Phaffia yeasts containing astaxanthin. In the market, natural products are more preferred from the viewpoint of safety, and methods for extracting and purifying pigments from krill, methods for culturing Phaffia yeast, and the like have been actively studied (JP-A-6-200179, JP-A-8-508885).
[0005]
However, these organisms have a low astaxanthin content and have problems in extraction and purification. Currently, chemical synthetic products are most frequently used, but from the viewpoint of safety, astaxanthin derived from natural products is inexpensive. There is a strong demand for use.
[0006]
Algae hematococcus has attracted much attention in recent years as a source of astaxanthin derived from natural products because of its significantly higher astaxanthin content than the aforementioned organisms. However, it has long been known that hematococcus produces and accumulates astaxanthin (TW Goodwin, et. Al., Biochem. J., 57, p376 (1954)), and since then various studies have been made. Nevertheless, mass culture technology has not yet been established. The reason is that hematococcus is a relatively weak algae and difficult to culture.
[0007]
In order to produce and accumulate astaxanthin in large amounts in Haematococcus, it is important to irradiate a large amount of intense light, and in order to photosynthesis culture algae, sunlight is the cheapest and most powerful light source. Usually, a pond-type culture apparatus (hereinafter referred to as an outdoor culture pond) under outdoor sunlight is used.
[0008]
However, when culturing haematococcus in an outdoor culture pond, it is very difficult to prevent the animals that feed on hematococcus and parasitic microorganisms from entering the culture pond from outside (hereinafter referred to as contamination). Algae that have been successfully produced commercially in outdoor culture ponds have been limited to chlorella, which grows quickly, or Spirulina and Donariella, which can prevent contamination by culturing under alkaline or high salt conditions.
[0009]
When hematococcus is cultured in a low-cost outdoor culture pond, culturing of hematococcus is impossible because zooplankton such as ciliates and rotifers and fungi become contaminated and parasitize hematococcus after several days. there were.
[0010]
In order to prevent predation or contamination of parasites, various closed culture apparatuses and culture methods such as tubular have been devised (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-501189, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-68585). However, both have problems such as complicated equipment and high manufacturing costs, and inability to sufficiently prevent contamination, and are still in the research stage.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an industrial production method for high astaxanthin-containing hematococcus in which the influence of predation or parasites is reduced in an outdoor culture pond.
[0012]
[Means for solving the problems]
As a result of diligent research, the present inventors have cultivated hematococcus in an outdoor culture pond, due to contamination of animals that supplement hematococcus (hereinafter referred to as predators) and parasitic microorganisms (hereinafter referred to as parasitic microorganisms), After 4-8 days from the start of culture, the amount of alga begins to decrease, and the relationship between the hematococcus alga body concentration (hereinafter referred to as the initial algae concentration) at the start of cultivation in the outdoor culture pond and the astaxanthin production rate was investigated. There is a suitable initial algae concentration to generate and accumulate astaxanthin well,
[0013]
Hematococcus is grown in a closed culture device, inoculated into an outdoor culture pond after sterilization, and astaxanthin is generated and accumulated in hematococcus, before the alga body decreases due to contamination of predators and parasitic microorganisms, It has been found that hematococcus alga bodies having a high astaxanthin content can be produced, and the present invention has been completed.
[0014]
That is, the present invention (a) grows alga haematococcus in a closed culture apparatus, then produces and accumulates astaxanthin in hematococcus in an outdoor culture pond, and organisms that supplement or parasitize hematococcus enter the culture pond. A method for producing astaxanthin-containing hematococcus by a two-stage culture method, characterized in that the culture is completed before contamination and growth,
[0015]
(B) The method for producing an astaxanthin-containing hematococcus according to (a), wherein the initial hematococcus concentration of the outdoor culture pond for producing and accumulating astaxanthin is 5 to 20 g DCW / m 2 ;
[0016]
(C) the closed-type culture apparatus is an apparatus that does not artificially irradiate the culture solution with light, and the production method of astaxanthin-containing hematococcus according to (a) or (b),
[0017]
(D) Production of an astaxanthin-containing hematococcus according to (a) or (b), characterized in that the culture solution in the outdoor culture pond does not substantially contain a nitrogen source as a source of growth nutrient for hematococcus. Method.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The Haematococcus used in the present invention is a unicellular algae belonging to the genus Haematococcus belonging to the Chlamydomonas Volboxidae Chlamydomonasae family, and is not limited to a specific algal strain, but an algal strain stored in a university or research institution Algae strains collected and purely isolated from lakes, rivers, puddles, beaches, etc. can be used.
[0019]
As examples of the former, Haematococcus pluvialis is NIES144 of the National Institute for Environmental Studies, UTX2505 of the University of Texas Algae Preservation Facility, and U.H. lacustris is American Type Culture Collection ATCC30402, 30453. , IAM C-392, C-393, C-394, C-339, UTEX 16, 294, Hematococcus capensis (H. capensis) of UTX LB1023, Hematococcus droevakensis (H. droebakensis) includes UTEX 55, and Haematococcus zimbabwiensis includes UTEX LB1758.
[0020]
As the latter, for example, when rainwater collected in a gravestone or rock pit is red, it is collected and smeared on a plate agar medium for freshwater algae to separate hematococcus. Can do.
[0021]
Haematococcus becomes a teardrop-type zoospore cell having two isometric flagella under suitable conditions, and proliferates by cell division. It is known that when this zoospore is subjected to various stresses such as nitrogen deficiency, intense light irradiation, high salt concentration, etc., it stops growing and changes in morphology, resulting in spherical cyst cells without flagella. (MR Droop, Arch. Mikrobiol., 21, p267 (1955)). In many cases, astaxanthin is produced and accumulated in the protoplasm with cystation. This intracellular structure is sometimes called hematochrome.
[0022]
When hematococcus is cultured in an outdoor culture pond, contamination of predatory animals and parasitic microorganisms always occurs as shown in the reference example. If the culture pond is sterilized with hypochlorite or the like and then the culture is started, or after the 8th day, or if the pond is not sterilized after the culture, the supplementary animal or Parasitic microorganisms are observed, and the algae concentration decreases.
[0023]
In addition to ciliates and rotifers, examples of predatory animals include amoeba and chironomid larvae (Akamushi), which prey on both Haematococcus zoospores and cyst cells. On the other hand, examples of parasitic microorganisms include kitrid, which belongs to the fungus Astragalus, which specifically parasitize and kill Hematococcus cyst cells.
[0024]
In order to prevent such predation or parasite contamination, hematococcus is first grown in a closed (sealed) culture apparatus free of predation or parasite contamination in the two-stage culture of the present invention. The apparatus used here may be any apparatus that can prevent contamination of predators or parasitic microorganisms, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, a tank type, a tubular type, or an air dome type culture apparatus. .
[0025]
A tank-type culture apparatus capable of high-pressure steam sterilization is suitable for this purpose because hematococcus can be purely cultured. Acetic acid or acetate is added to a freshwater algae culture medium in an amount of 1 to 100 mmol / l, preferably 5 to 30 mmol / l, and the pH is adjusted to 6 to 9, preferably 7 to 8, followed by high-pressure steam sterilization. The medium for freshwater algae contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, and other trace metal inorganic salts necessary for the growth of algae and vitamins such as thiamine. For example, VT medium, C medium, MBM medium, MDM Examples include culture media (Algae Research Method, Mitsuo Chihara and Kazutoshi Nishizawa, Kyoritsu Shuppan, 1979).
[0026]
Among these, C medium is preferable because it contains Tris hydrochloride and pH adjustment is easy.
This is inoculated with hematococcus and cultured at 20 to 32 ° C., preferably 25 to 28 ° C. with aeration and stirring. When the growth starts, acetic acid is consumed and the pH rises, and the growth is inhibited as it is. Therefore, it is preferable to add acetic acid, hydrochloric acid or the like to maintain the pH at 6 to 9, preferably 7 to 8.
[0027]
This culturing can also be performed while irradiating light, in which case carbon dioxide can be used as a carbon source instead of acetic acid. However, growth is faster when acetic acid is used. In the present invention, astaxanthin is accumulated in Haematococcus using inexpensive sunlight in the next cultivation in an outdoor culture pond, so light irradiation in an expensive culture apparatus and a closed culture apparatus that requires operating cost is not necessarily performed. do not need.
[0028]
By culturing in a closed culture apparatus, a clean haematococcus alga body composed of green, brown or red zoospores or cysts free from predators and parasitic microorganisms can be obtained. This is then transferred to an outdoor culture pond for rapid production and accumulation of astaxanthin.
[0029]
An outdoor culture pond consists of a concrete or plastic pond such as a circular or raceway type, a device that stirs the culture solution, and a device that supplies carbon dioxide to the culture solution, such as Chlorella, Spirulina, Donariella, etc. What is commonly used for culturing can also be used, and its surface is open to the atmosphere and sunlight, in order to prevent invasion of outdoor animals and parasitoid microorganisms to outdoor culture ponds, The outdoor culture pond does not need to be sealed with glass or the like.
[0030]
It is preferable that the outdoor culture pond is sterilized before transferring the hematococcus cultured in the closed culture apparatus to the outdoor culture pond. The sterilization of the outdoor culture pond may be any method as long as it kills the predatory animals and parasitic microorganisms, but chemical sterilization with hypochlorite or ozone is simple and suitable for the present invention.
[0031]
Specifically, after washing the outdoor culture pond, it is only necessary to dissolve hypochlorite and ozone in the medium to fill the outdoor culture pond, and at the same time, the medium is sterilized. After sterilization, residual chlorine and ozone disappear from the medium by irradiation and stirring with sunlight, so that the culture can be started as it is.
[0032]
The sterilization condition is represented by a CT value which is the product of the addition concentration (ppm) and time (minutes). In the present invention, in the case of sodium hypochlorite or calcium hypochlorite, the CT value is 5 to 500, In some cases, the CT value is sterilized to 0.5 to 10. When these sterilization operations are performed, hematococcus can be cultured in an outdoor culture pond for up to 7 days. When sterilization is not performed, the cells can be cultured for up to 3 days.
[0033]
Originally, it is preferably carried out while confirming that no contaminating organisms are present during cultivation in an outdoor culture pond. However, in the present invention, before an organism that supplements or parasitizes hematococcus is contaminated or proliferated in the culture pond. If the outdoor culture pond is sterilized before transferring the hematococcus cultured in the closed culture device to the outdoor culture pond, the maximum is 7 days. It means culturing for 3 days.
[0034]
The presence or absence of contamination is confirmed by microscopic examination. However, if predators or parasitic microorganisms are observed in one drop of the culture solution, the algae concentration has already begun to decrease. These days are important because they are also difficult to clean and sterilize.
[0035]
As the culture medium in the outdoor culture pond, a medium excluding a part or all of the inorganic salts contained in the freshwater algae culture medium, or at least a nitrogen source as a growth nutrient source of Haematococcus is used. . It may be ground water, river water, agricultural water or drinking water itself. By using such a nutrient-deficient medium, hematococcus zoospores stop growing and cyste, and astaxanthin is produced and accumulated in hematococcus.
[0036]
This phenomenon can also be promoted by increasing the salt concentration by adding 0.3 to 0.4% sodium chloride or the like (MR Droop, Arch. Mikrobiol., 20, page 391 (1954)). These media are sterilized by the above-mentioned chemical sterilization, ultraviolet sterilization, heat sterilization, or the like, and then placed in an outdoor culture pond.
[0037]
Next, haematococcus alga bodies without contamination cultured in a closed culture apparatus are inoculated into an outdoor culture pond. The initial algal concentration at this time greatly affects the productivity of astaxanthin and the astaxanthin content of hematococcus. At this time, the astaxanthin production rate and the astaxanthin content are closely related to the amount of light.
[0038]
The amount of light is expressed by the photon flux density (E), and the amount of light outdoors varies depending on the place and the weather, but the amount of light in a place suitable for hematococcus culture is 25 to 100 E / m 2 · day, with an average of 50 E per year. / M 2 · day or so. The relationship between the initial algae concentration and the amount of light, the astaxanthin production rate per culture area and the astaxanthin content of Haematococcus was specifically shown in the Examples. It was found that astaxanthin productivity per area was low at any light quantity when the initial algae concentration was 5 g DCW / m 2 or less.
[0039]
In the present invention, gDCW is an abbreviation for dry cell weight, and is generally used for measuring suspended substances (SS) in water as described in JIS K 0101 (Industrial Water Test Method) and JIS K0102 (Factory Wastewater Test Method). After filtering the culture solution with GS-25 (pore paper having a pore size of about 1 μm, ultrafine borosilicate glass fiber treated with an organic binder (acrylic resin)) manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd. The dry cell weight obtained by measuring the weight after drying for 6 hours at a constant weight, expressed in g.
[0040]
Haematococcus but is a feature that the astaxanthin content reaches as high as up to 5%, if the amount of light is 25E / m 2 · day and weak, when the initial algae concentration exceeds 20gDCW / m 2, in Haematococcus Astaxanthin content does not reach 3% within 3 days, and astaxanthin content does not reach 3% within 7 days when initial algae concentration exceeds 30 gDCW / m 2 Can't accumulate.
[0041]
Therefore, in order to produce hematococcus containing 3% or more of astaxanthin, the initial algae concentration in the outdoor culture pond is 5-30 g DCW / day when the outdoor culture pond is sterilized and the culture period is within 7 days. m 2 , the outdoor culture pond is not sterilized, and within 3 days, it must be 5 to 20 g DCW / m 2 .
[0042]
In the present invention, the initial hematococcus concentration in the outdoor culture pond is preferably 5 to 20 g DCW / m 2 . Although the liquid depth of an outdoor culture pond can be changed arbitrarily, in order to utilize sunlight effectively, Preferably it is 5 cm-40 cm, More preferably, it is 10 cm-30 cm.
[0043]
For example, when the depth of the outdoor culture pond is 10 cm, the initial hematococcus concentration of 5 to 20 g DCW / m 2 in the outdoor culture pond indicates that the hematococcus concentration of the culture solution is 50 mg / l to 200 mg / l. This means that when the liquid depth is 20 cm, it is 25 mg / l to 100 mg / l.
[0044]
Cultivation in an outdoor culture pond is performed for 3 to 7 days with proper stirring. The pH of the medium increases due to the consumption of carbon dioxide by photosynthesis during the day, and decreases due to the discharge of carbon dioxide by respiration at night. Since the carbon dioxide concentration decreases during the daytime and becomes the rate-determining stage of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is added from the outside to keep the pH at 6-9, preferably 7-8.
[0045]
During this time, hematococcus zoospores stop growing and cystation progresses, and the number of cells does not increase, but astaxanthin is produced and accumulated by photosynthesis, so the cells become larger and the apparent algae concentration also increases. According to the two-stage culture method of the present invention, hematococcus alga bodies containing astaxanthin at a high concentration of 3% or more can be efficiently produced.
[0046]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0047]
(Reference Examples 1-5) Reduction of algae concentration due to contamination (sterilized culture pond)
Haematococcus pluvialis NIES144 and Haematococcus sp. DY-1 purely isolated by the present inventor were cultured in a tank type culture apparatus to obtain green zoospore alga bodies. An outdoor circular culture pond (1.2 m 2 ) filled with drinking water so that the liquid depth is 10 cm is sterilized with chemicals under the conditions shown in the table, and the alga body is 20 g DCW / m 2 (200 mg / l). The mixture was inoculated and cultured with stirring at 12 rpm while controlling the pH to 7.5 with carbon dioxide. Every day, one drop of the culture solution was dropped on a slide glass and examined under a microscope, and the algae concentration was measured.
The results are shown in Table 1. In any of the culture examples, contamination was observed after the 8th day, and the hematococcus concentration began to decrease after the 8th day.
[0048]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004045663
[0049]
(Reference Examples 6 to 12) Reduction of algae concentration due to contamination (culture pond not sterilized)
The outdoor circular culture pond (1.2 m 2 ) or raceway type culture pond (5 m 2 ) was filled with drinking water to a depth of 10 cm without being sterilized with chemicals just by washing. Algae similar to 5 was inoculated to 20 g DCW / m 2 (200 mg / l), and stirred and cultured while controlling the pH to 7.5 with carbon dioxide. Daily microscopic and algal concentrations were measured. The results are shown in Table 2. In any culture example, contamination was observed after the 4th day, and the hematococcus concentration began to decrease after the 5th day.
[0050]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004045663
[0051]
Example 1
To a 5 L tank type culture apparatus equipped with a paddle type impeller, 2.8 L of medium supplemented with sodium acetate at 10 mmol / l was added to C medium concentrated twice, and then autoclaved. This was inoculated with 200 ml of a culture solution of H. pluvialis NIES144 cultured in a flask, and cultured at 25 ° C., a stirring speed of 50 rpm, and an aeration rate of 300 ml / min. The medium pH was controlled at 7.5 by adding 1M acetic acid. After culturing for 10 days, a sterile culture solution having a green alga concentration of 600 mg / l was obtained.
[0052]
Next, 17 L of C medium concentrated twice was added to a 25 L acrylic cylindrical closed culture tank, and sterilized with sodium hypochlorite (CT value = 120). This was inoculated with 3 L of the above culture solution and cultured at 25 ° C. with an aeration rate of 2 L / min while illuminating with a sunlight lamp (light quantity = 4 E / L / day). The medium pH was controlled at 7.5 by adding carbon dioxide. After culturing for 5 days, a culture solution consisting of green zoospores with an algal concentration of 600 mg / L was obtained. From this culture solution, nitrate nitrogen contained in the original medium was not detected at all, and contamination of the predators and parasitic microorganisms was not observed.
[0053]
A 1.2 m 2 outdoor circular culture pond obtained by diluting the culture solution thus obtained 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 and 24 times with drinking water and sterilizing with sodium hypochlorite (CT value = 60). The solution was inoculated to a depth of 10 cm, and cultured while controlling the pH to 7.5 by adding carbon dioxide. Temperature 25 to 32 ° C. during the culture period, the amount of light is adjusted by the agricultural shading sheet to an average at 26E / m 2 · day, and 48E / m 2 · day.
[0054]
The green zoospores rapidly cysted and produced and accumulated astaxanthin. The astaxanthin production rate and the astaxanthin content on the 3rd and 7th days of culture are shown in Table 3 (light intensity is 26E / m 2 · day on average) and Table 4 (light intensity is 48E / m 2 · day on average). In addition, no contamination of predators or parasitic microorganisms was observed until the seventh day of culture.
[0055]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004045663
[0056]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004045663
[0057]
(Example 2)
To a 50 L tank type culture apparatus equipped with a paddle type impeller, 27 L of medium supplemented with sodium acetate at 10 mmol / l was added to C medium concentrated twice, and then autoclaved. This was inoculated with 3 L of H. sp. DY-1 culture solution having algae concentration of 600 mg / l after culturing in a 5 L tank type culture apparatus in the same manner as in Example 1, 25 ° C., stirring speed 40 rpm, aeration volume. Incubated at 3 L / min. The medium pH was controlled at 7.5 by adding 1M acetic acid. After culturing for 8 days, a sterile culture solution consisting of green zoospores with an algal concentration of 600 mg / l was obtained. From this culture solution, nitrate nitrogen contained in the original medium was not detected at all.
[0058]
The washed outdoor circular culture pond of 1.2 m 2 is filled with 100 L of drinking water, and 20 L of the above culture solution is inoculated (the depth of the solution is 10 cm), and the pH is controlled to 7.5 by adding carbon dioxide. Cultured for 3 days. The temperature during the culture period was 25 to 32 ° C., and the daily average light intensity was 46 E / m 2 · day. Three days later, Haematococcus alga bodies composed of red cysts were harvested, concentrated by centrifugation and freeze-dried to obtain 41 g of alga bodies having an astaxanthin content of 3.2%. Microscopic examination at the time of harvest revealed no contamination of predators or parasitic microorganisms.
[0059]
(Comparative Example 1)
To a 5 L tank type culture apparatus equipped with a paddle type impeller, 2.8 L of medium supplemented with sodium acetate at 10 mmol / l was added to C medium concentrated twice, and then autoclaved. This was inoculated with 200 ml of a culture solution of H. pluvialis NIES144 cultured in a flask, and cultured at 25 ° C., a stirring speed of 50 rpm, and an aeration rate of 300 ml / min. The medium pH was controlled at 7.5 by addition of 1M acetic acid. After culturing for 10 days, a sterile culture solution having a green alga concentration of 600 mg / l was obtained.
At this time, all nitrate nitrogen contained in the original medium was consumed and not detected.
[0060]
To an outdoor 0.3 m 2 acrylic square culture pond, 27 L of C medium concentrated twice was added and sterilized with sodium hypochlorite (CT value = 60). This was inoculated with 3 L of the above culture solution (solution depth 10 cm) and cultured. The medium pH was controlled at 7.5 by adding carbon dioxide. After culturing for 10 days, a culture solution consisting of brown zoospores and having an algae concentration of 840 mg / l was obtained. The temperature during the culture period was 25 to 30 ° C., and the daily average light intensity was 36 E / m 2 · day. From this culture broth, nitrate nitrogen contained in the original medium was not detected at all, and 1 to 3 ciliates that exhibited green color by feeding on hematococcus were observed with a microscope. It was.
[0061]
A washed 1.2 m 2 outdoor circular culture pond is filled with 90 L of drinking water, inoculated with 30 L of the above culture solution (10 cm in depth), and pH is controlled to 7.5 by adding carbon dioxide. Cultured. The temperature during the culture period was 25 to 32 ° C., and the daily average light intensity was 41 E / m 2 · day. When the culture solution was sampled after 2 days, the alga concentration of hematococcus composed of reddish brown cysts was 31 g DCW / m 2 (310 mg / l), and the astaxanthin content of the algal cells was 1.9%. However, from this day, ciliates and rotifers grew rapidly to supplement hematococcus, and when examined under the third day, no hematococcus was seen.
[0062]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method for producing astaxanthin-containing hematococcus of the present invention, contamination can be prevented by obtaining a clean haematococcus alga body in a closed culture apparatus, and it is transferred to an outdoor culture pond to generate and accumulate astaxanthin. Astaxanthin-containing hematococcus as high as 3% or more can be produced inexpensively and efficiently.

Claims (2)

藻類ヘマトコッカスを閉鎖型培養装置で増殖させ、次いで屋外培養池において、ヘマトコッカス中にアスタキサンチンを生成蓄積させ、ヘマトコッカスを補食あるいは寄生する生物が培養池中に夾雑、増殖する前に培養を完了する2段階培養法によるアスタキサンチン含有ヘマトコッカスの製造方法であり、藻類ヘマトコッカスがヘマトコッカス プルビリアスで、アスタキサンチンを生成蓄積させる屋外培養池の初発ヘマトコッカス濃度を5〜20gDCW/m 2 とすることを特徴とする、2段階培養法によるアスタキサンチン含有ヘマトコッカスの製造方法。Algae hematococcus is grown in a closed culture device, then astaxanthin is produced and accumulated in hematococcus in an outdoor culture pond, and the organism that supplements or parasitizes hematococcus is contaminated in the culture pond and grown before it grows. a method for producing astaxanthin-containing Haematococcus by completing two-step culture method, algae Haematococcus is Haematococcus Purubiriasu, to the initial Haematococcus concentration outdoor pond to produce and accumulate astaxanthin and 5~20gDCW / m 2 A method for producing an astaxanthin-containing hematococcus characterized by a two-stage culture method. 閉鎖型培養装置が、培養液に人為的に光を照射しない装置であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のアスタキサンチン含有ヘマトコッカスの製造方法。The method for producing an astaxanthin-containing hematococcus according to claim 1, wherein the closed culture apparatus is an apparatus that does not artificially irradiate the culture solution with light.
JP24163998A 1998-08-27 1998-08-27 Method for producing astaxanthin-containing hematococcus Expired - Lifetime JP4045663B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP24163998A JP4045663B2 (en) 1998-08-27 1998-08-27 Method for producing astaxanthin-containing hematococcus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP24163998A JP4045663B2 (en) 1998-08-27 1998-08-27 Method for producing astaxanthin-containing hematococcus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2000060532A JP2000060532A (en) 2000-02-29
JP4045663B2 true JP4045663B2 (en) 2008-02-13

Family

ID=17077315

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP24163998A Expired - Lifetime JP4045663B2 (en) 1998-08-27 1998-08-27 Method for producing astaxanthin-containing hematococcus

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4045663B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100490641B1 (en) 2003-12-16 2005-05-19 인하대학교 산학협력단 Multiple layer photobioreactors and method for culturing photosynthetic microorganisms using them
EP1749890A1 (en) 2004-05-26 2007-02-07 Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. Method of producing xanthophyll
US20070054351A1 (en) 2005-09-06 2007-03-08 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Green algae having a high astaxanthin content and method for producing the same
WO2007029627A1 (en) * 2005-09-06 2007-03-15 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Green alga extract with high astaxanthin content and method of producing the same
JP4761213B2 (en) * 2006-12-28 2011-08-31 株式会社アズビオ Microorganism culture equipment
CA2852815C (en) 2013-05-29 2018-11-06 Institut National D'optique Method and system for the culture of microalgae
CN106133147A (en) * 2014-04-03 2016-11-16 日本水产株式会社 The production method of astaxanthin
JP6520329B2 (en) * 2015-04-09 2019-05-29 株式会社大林組 Culture method of Haematococcus
JP2019076004A (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-05-23 清水建設株式会社 Algae culture method and algae culture plant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2000060532A (en) 2000-02-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN107404862B (en) How to farm oysters on land
US6986323B2 (en) Inland aquaculture of marine life using water from a saline aquifer
US7347163B2 (en) Microbial feedstock for filter feeding aquatic organisms
AU2008264771A1 (en) Golden yellow algae and method of producing the same
JP2020048468A (en) Cultivation method of aquatic animal
EP4036216A1 (en) Method for culturing haematococcus pluvialis to produce astaxanthin
WO2010089864A1 (en) Selenium-containing unicellular microalgae for animal plankton feeds and method of culturing selenium-containing animal planktons using the same
JP3540951B2 (en) High Chlorophyll-Containing Salt-Tolerant Chlorella
Fagiri et al. Influence of chemical and environmental factors on the growth performance of Spirulina platensis strain SZ100
CN102919183B (en) Method for effectively inhibiting vibrio breeding in shrimp culture
JP4045663B2 (en) Method for producing astaxanthin-containing hematococcus
ES2274066T3 (en) USE OF UNICELULAR PROTEIN AS FOOD FOR FISH AND SEAFOOD.
CN104186431A (en) High-density artemia breeding method with single-cell protein single-step food chain utilized
WO2003033683A1 (en) Microorganism and production of carotinoid compounds thereby
CN103255073B (en) Method for rapid propagation of high purity photosynthetic bacterium
KR101323873B1 (en) Novel Nannochloropsis sp. capable high growth and use thereof
JPH0383577A (en) Crushed alga composition, its production, food, feed, colorant and antioxidant
KR101323887B1 (en) Novel Nannochloris sp. Capable High Temperature Growth and Use Thereof
JP4961550B2 (en) Method for producing astaxanthin
RU2827970C1 (en) New strain of schizochytrium species and method of producing polyunsaturated fatty acids using thereof
RU2787046C1 (en) Method for feeding the larvae and juvenile specimens of strongylocentrotus intermedius
JP2003319795A (en) Method for producing carotenoid with thraustochytrium
Toha et al. Waste water treatment using saline cultures of microalgae
JP2007006763A (en) Aquatic animal feed and method for producing the same
CN112280711A (en) Water-regulating lovers for regulating and controlling water quality and preparation method thereof

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20050524

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20050614

RD01 Notification of change of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7421

Effective date: 20050614

RD01 Notification of change of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7421

Effective date: 20050704

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20070809

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20071003

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20071030

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20071112

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101130

Year of fee payment: 3

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

S533 Written request for registration of change of name

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313533

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101130

Year of fee payment: 3

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101130

Year of fee payment: 3

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111130

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121130

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121130

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131130

Year of fee payment: 6

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term