JP4052889B2 - Gas barrier film and laminate including the same - Google Patents
Gas barrier film and laminate including the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4052889B2 JP4052889B2 JP2002199927A JP2002199927A JP4052889B2 JP 4052889 B2 JP4052889 B2 JP 4052889B2 JP 2002199927 A JP2002199927 A JP 2002199927A JP 2002199927 A JP2002199927 A JP 2002199927A JP 4052889 B2 JP4052889 B2 JP 4052889B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- swellable synthetic
- mica
- gas barrier
- based mineral
- mineral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title claims description 58
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- WSNJABVSHLCCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-J trilithium;trimagnesium;trisodium;dioxido(oxo)silane;tetrafluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WSNJABVSHLCCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 65
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 48
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 21
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- YOBOXHGSEJBUPB-MTOQALJVSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O YOBOXHGSEJBUPB-MTOQALJVSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229940078035 curdlan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019316 curdlan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate Chemical compound C1CC(N=C=O)CCC1CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- KIQKWYUGPPFMBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisocyanatomethane Chemical compound O=C=NCN=C=O KIQKWYUGPPFMBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTQGILPNLZZOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilicon Chemical compound [Si]#[Si] NTQGILPNLZZOJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIEGKKSLPGLWRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-oxobutanoate;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O WIEGKKSLPGLWRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRMWCMBQRGFNIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-oxobutanoate;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O YRMWCMBQRGFNIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005237 etoglucid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940118019 malondialdehyde Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ITNVWQNWHXEMNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanolate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].[O-]C.[O-]C.[O-]C.[O-]C ITNVWQNWHXEMNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- LEMKWEBKVMWZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedial Chemical compound O=CCCCCCCCC=O LEMKWEBKVMWZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MCCIMQKMMBVWHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O MCCIMQKMMBVWHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWLJWQRXCUAWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,1-diolate titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCCCCCC([O-])[O-].CCCCCCCC([O-])[O-] GWLJWQRXCUAWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OADYBSJSJUFUBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanedial Chemical compound O=CCCCCCCC=O OADYBSJSJUFUBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRTRRDMHGTZPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-L oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+);sulfate Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QRTRRDMHGTZPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZWLUXSQADUDCSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=O ZWLUXSQADUDCSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000083 poly(allylamine) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013094 purity test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007763 reverse roll coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JRQGFDPXVPTSJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium zirconium(4+) sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JRQGFDPXVPTSJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IDOPRZMNYMUGCN-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Na+].[Zr+4].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O IDOPRZMNYMUGCN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- LSWWNKUULMMMIL-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(iv) bromide Chemical compound Br[Zr](Br)(Br)Br LSWWNKUULMMMIL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、ガスバリア性フィルムに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
食品や薬品の包装分野において、内容物の品質劣化を防ぐ目的で、酸素ガスバリア性等のガスバリア性に優れている包装材料が使用されている。このようなガスバリア性フィルムとしては、ポリ塩化ビニリデンを積層したフィルム、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂を用いたフィルム等が知られている。特に、上記ポリ塩化ビニリデンを積層したフィルムは、食品包装用として幅広く使用されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記ポリ塩化ビニリデンを積層したフィルムは、近年のダイオキシンをはじめとする環境問題から、使用が控えられる傾向にある。
【0004】
また、上記ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂を用いたフィルムは、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂が水酸基を含有するため、高湿度下でのガスバリア性が低下する問題点を有する。これに対し、高湿度下でのガスバリア性を向上させる方法として、無機層状化合物を高水素結合性樹脂に均一分散させた塗工用組成物を用いたフィルムが多数開示されている。
【0005】
例えば、特開平6−93133号公報には、5μm以下の無機層状化合物を水に十分膨潤させた状態で、高水素結合性樹脂あるいはその水溶液に添加する方法などが開示されている。しかし、この公報においては、市販の層状ケイ酸塩をそのまま使用しているが、一般に酸化ケイ素などの不純物を少量含むことが多く、結果として得られるフィルムの高湿度下でのガスバリア性は十分でない。
【0006】
さらにまた、特開平11−228817号公報には、層状珪酸塩をナイロン6樹脂中に分子レベルで均一に分散し、ガスバリア性を向上させる方法が開示されている。しかし、この方法では、層状ケイ酸塩に含まれる合成時の原料や副生物などの粗大粒子をジェットミルで微粉砕し、さらにふるいによる分級を行って所定の粒子を得ている。しかし乾式での方法のため、不純分の分離が十分ではない。さらにポリアミド系樹脂中へ分散させているので、最終的に得られるフィルムの高湿度下でのガスバリア性は十分でない。
【0007】
そこで、この発明は、煩雑な工程を行うことなく、高湿度下でのガスバリア性を十分向上させ、かつ透明性、平滑性に優れたフィルムを提供することを目的とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明は、水溶性高分子、及び平均粒子径が0.05〜10μmであり、粉末X線回折分析から得られる回折ピークの相対強度が、[Id=9.6Å]/[Id=12.4Å]×100≦2、かつ[Id=4.0Å]/[Id=12.4Å]×100≦20である膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を含有した塗工用組成物を、熱可塑性フィルムの少なくとも片面に塗工したガスバリア性フィルムを用いることにより、上記の課題を解決したのである。
【0009】
また、所定の回折ピークの相対強度を有する膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物は、市販のものを遠心分離又はデカンテーションによる精製法を用いて得ることができる。
【0010】
所定の回折ピークの相対強度を有する膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を用いるので、これを含有する塗工用組成物を、熱可塑性フィルムの少なくとも片面に塗工した際、この膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物が均一に熱可塑性フィルム上に配され、得られるフィルムのガスバリア性、特に高湿度下のガスバリア性がより向上する。
【0011】
また、この所定の回折ピークの相対強度を有する膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を、遠心分離又はデカンテーションによる精製法を用いて得る場合は、製造工程が容易となる。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下において、この発明について詳細に説明する。
この発明にかかるガスバリア性フィルムは、水溶性高分子及び膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を含有した塗工用組成物を、熱可塑性フィルムの少なくとも片面に塗工したフィルムである。
【0013】
上記水溶性高分子とは、水溶性を有する高分子物質をいい、官能基として、水酸基、アミノ基、酸アミド基、チオール基、カルボキシル基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基等を有するものがあげられる。この水溶性高分子の例としては、ポリビニルアルコール系重合体、エチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、アミロース、アミロペクチン、プルラン、カードラン、ザンタン、キチン、キトサン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリベンゼンスルホン酸、ポリベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリアリルアミン、ポリアクリルアミド等や、これらの共重合体、変性体等の誘導体があげられる。これらの中でも、ポリビニルアルコール系重合体またはその誘導体が好ましい。また高湿度下でのガスバリア性をより向上させるためには、けん化度95モル%以上のポリビニルアルコール系重合体が好ましく、さらにけん化度98モル%以上のポリビニルアルコール系重合体がより好ましい。さらにまた分子にシリル基を少量含有する変性ポリビニルアルコールなどが特に好ましい。
【0014】
上記膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物とは、下記の式(2)を満たす人工鉱物であり、SiO4正四面体を基本にして、この四面体が六角網目の板状に連なっており、この上下2枚の板の間に八面体配位をとるイオンがイオン結合し、サンドイッチ層を形成している。このサンドイッチ層とサンドイッチ層の間に層間イオンと呼ばれるアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属イオンが非常に弱いイオン結合で配位している構造を有する。
X0.33〜1.0Y2〜3Z4O10F2 (2)
なお、ここで、Xは配位数12の陽イオン、Yは配位数6の陽イオン、Zは配位数4の陽イオンを表す。具体的には、Xは、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Rb2+、Sr2+、Li+から選ばれる1種または2種以上の陽イオン、また、Yは、Mg2+、Fe2+、Ni2+、Mn2+、Al3+、Fe3+、Li+から選ばれる1種または2種以上の陽イオン、さらに、Zは、Si4+、Ge4+、Al3+、Fe3+、B3+から選ばれる1種または2種以上の陽イオンである。
【0015】
また、一般式Zに入るSiの数により、上記膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物には、二ケイ素型(ジシリシックタイプ)、三ケイ素型(トリシリシックタイプ)、四ケイ素タイプ(テトラシリシック)の各タイプが存在する。これらの中でも、四ケイ素タイプであり、上記X、すなわち、層間イオン種がNa+或いはLi+であり、結晶構造中において電荷のバランスを層間イオンが補っている四ケイ素雲母は、膨潤性を有しており、特に好ましい。
【0016】
この膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の具体例としては、ナトリウムテトラシリシックマイカ[NaMg2.5(Si4O10)F2]、ナトリウム又はリチウムテニオライト[(NaまたはLi)Mg2Li(Si4O10)F2]、ナトリウム又はリチウムヘクトライト[(NaまたはLi)0.33Mg2.67Li0.33(Si4O10)F2]などが挙げられ、経済性の観点からナトリウムテトラシリシックマイカが好適に用いられる。これらは1種のみでも2種以上混合しても使用することができる。なお、上記の膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の具体例についてのそれぞれの組成式については、理想的な組成を示しており、厳密に一致している必要はない。
【0017】
上記合成フッ素雲母系鉱物は、原料として、目的とする膨潤性フッ素雲母の化学組成となるように、シリカ、マグネシア、フッ化マグネシウム、ケイフッ化ナトリウム、フッ化ナトリウム、フッ化リチウム、炭酸ナトリウム及び炭酸リチウム等を調合し、これを内燃式電気炉中、1400〜1500℃で溶融後、溶融体を鋳型に流出させて冷却する過程で、鋳型内にフッ素雲母系鉱物を結晶成長させる、いわゆる溶融法といわれる公知の方法によって合成することができる。
【0018】
また、他の合成方法として、特開平2−149415号公報に開示されているような、タルクを出発物質として用い、これにアルカリ金属イオンをインターカレーションして、膨潤性フッ素雲母系鉱物を得る方法をあげることができる。この方法では、タルクに珪フッ化アルカリあるいはフッ化アルカリを混合し、磁性ルツボ内で約700〜1200℃で短時間加熱処理することによって膨潤性フッ素雲母系鉱物が得られる。
【0019】
上記の溶融法によって膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を製造する場合、通常数重量%程度又はそれ以上のオーダーで、合成フッ素雲母系鉱物とはいえない副生成物(以下、単に「副生成物」と称する。)や未反応原料等が混在する。また、この溶融法での製造時には、結晶自体は大きく良好なものが得られるが、上記副生成物として、主にクリストバライト等が混在する。
【0020】
上記のインターカレーション法によって膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を製造する場合、溶融法に比べて、副生成物や未反応原料等の不純物が少なく比較的純度の高いものが得られるものの、合成フッ素雲母系鉱物に類縁する副生物(以下、単に「副生物」と称する。)が混在する。この副生物の例としては、膨潤性に乏しい相からなる合成フッ素雲母系鉱物があげられる。
【0021】
市販されている膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の中には、副生成物や未反応原料等をあるレベルまで減少させたものがあるが、これらの市販品には、副生成物や副生物が少量含まれている。
【0022】
これら副生成物や副生物を少量含む膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を水溶性高分子と混合分散し、フィルムに塗工した場合、高湿度下でのガスバリア性を低下させたり、さらにまた透明性、平滑性なども低下させ、非常に重要な問題となる。
【0023】
これらの存在は、X線回折分析により得られる回折ピークで確認することができる。すなわち、膨潤性に乏しい相(非膨潤性合成フッ素雲母)については、面間隔dがほぼ9.6Åのピークで確認することができる。また、クリストバライトについては、面間隔dがほぼ4.0Åのピークで確認することができる。また、膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物については、面間隔dがほぼ12.4Åのピークで確認することができる。測定は、120℃で10時間以上乾燥した後、23℃−50%RH状態にて24時間以上放置したサンプルについて行われる。なお、サンプルの粒度は、100メッシュのふるいを通過するものに揃えた。
【0024】
(1)粉末X線回折分析条件
装置:理学電機(株)製RINT2000シリーズ、X線:Cu Kα線 (40kV−30mA)
カウンタモノクロメータ:全自動モノクロメータ、発散スリット:1°、散乱スリット:1°、受光スリット:0.15mm、スキャンスピード:4°/分、スキャンステップ:0.01°、走査軸:2θ/θ
【0025】
(2)ピーク強度Iの算出条件
平滑化(点数9)、バックグラウンド除去(曲率0.00)、Kα2除去(Kα2/Kα1 0.5)
【0026】
具体的には上記粉末X線回折分析において、膨潤性に乏しい相(非膨潤性合成フッ素雲母)を示す面間隔dがほぼ9.6Åの回折ピーク強度を[Id=9.6Å]、クリストバライトを示す面間隔dがほぼ4.0Åの回折ピーク強度を[Id=4.0Å]、及び膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を示す面間隔dがほぼ12.4Åの回折ピーク強度を[Id=12.4Å]としたとき、各回折ピークの相対強度が、[Id=9.6Å]/[Id=12.4Å]×100≦2、かつ[Id=4.0Å]/[Id=12.4Å]×100≦20を満たすのがよく、さらに[Id=9.6Å]/[Id=12.4Å]=0、かつ[Id=4.0Å]/[Id=12.4Å]×100≦10であるのが好ましい。[Id=9.6Å]/[Id=12.4Å]×100>2である場合や、[Id=4.0Å]/[Id=12.4Å]×100>20である場合は、十分なガスバリア性が得られないだけでなく、透明性や平滑性が著しく悪くなる。
【0027】
さらに本発明における上記膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の純度とは以下に示す粒子の沈降テストにより求めた値が所定の条件を満たす必要がある。イオン交換水中に膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の固形分が1.5重量%となるように加え、ホモジナイザーを用いて20分間撹拌を行って十分分散させる。その水分散液50mlを50mlメスシリンダー(胴径25mmφ×全長220mm)に入れ、静置する。6時間経過後、容器の底面に完全沈降した粒子の量を測定する。このとき、上記メスシリンダー中の上記膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の全量をA重量部、完全沈降した粒子の量をB重量部としたとき、下記の式(1)を満たすのがよい。
(A−B)/A×100≧90 (1)
また、上記式(1)の左辺の値が、92以上が好ましく、95以上がより好ましい。上記式(1)の左辺の値が、90より小さいと、十分なガスバリア性が得られないだけでなく、透明性や平滑性が著しく悪くなる。
【0028】
なお、上記の容器の底面に完全沈降したか否かは、目視で判断し、メスシリンダーの底面に接触しているものと目視で判断されたものを完全沈降した粒子とする。また、粒子が、3層以上に分離した場合であっても、完全に沈降した粒子のみを対象とし、これらの重量を測定する。
【0029】
上記に示したX線回折分析から得られる相対強度が前述の範囲内にある場合、高湿度下でのガスバリア性、透明性、平滑性ともに優れたガスバリア性フィルムが得られる。さらに、上記沈降テストにおける純度が前述の値を満たす場合には、高湿度下でのガスバリア性、透明性、平滑性ともにより優れたガスバリア性フィルムが得られる。
【0030】
上記所定の回折ピークの相対強度を有する膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物、すなわち、X線回折分析から得られる相対強度が前述の条件を満たす膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を得るためには、以下の精製方法を採用することができる。上記膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の精製、すなわち、上記の非膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物等の副生物や、クリストバライト等の副生成物、未反応原料等(以下、「不純物等」と称する。)の除去は、遠心分離又はデカンテーションにより行うことができる。具体的には、上記遠心分離は、精製前の上記膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物をホモジナイザーなどで十分水に分散したものを、10〜50000G、好ましくは30〜5000G、より好ましくは50〜3000Gの範囲で、0.5〜30分間の条件で行い、沈殿した不純物等を取り除くことができる。遠心力が上記範囲から外れると、不純物等との分離が困難となる傾向がある。
【0031】
また、上記デカンテーションは、精製前の上記膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の固形分濃度が3重量%以下、より好ましくは2重量%以下となるよう水に分散させ、ホモジナイザーなどを用いて十分分散させたものを、1〜240時間、好ましくは3時間〜120時間、より好ましくは5時間〜36時間静置させることにより、沈殿した不純物等を取り除くことができる。これらのいずれの方法でも、上澄みの懸濁液から膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を回収することにより、上記の高純度の膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を得ることができる。1時間より短いと、不純物等との分離が十分に行われない場合がある。また、240時間より長いと、生産性の低下を招くだけでなく、収率も低下する傾向がある。
【0032】
上記の精製処理に供与される膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の平均粒径は、デカンテーション法を用いる場合、6μm以上が好ましく、10μm以上がより好ましい。6μm未満であると不純分等との分離が非常に悪く、取り除くことが困難となる場合がある。遠心分離法を用いる場合、2μm以上であるのが好ましく、6μm以上がより好ましい。2μm未満であると不純分等との分離が非常に悪く、取り除くことが困難となる場合がある。
【0033】
また、上記膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の遠心分離やデカンテーションによる精製の前に、ガスバリア性、透明性、平滑性などの物性を損なわない範囲であれば、分散剤等を少量添加して分散処理をしてもよい。この場合、膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を分散媒に分散して分散液を調製し、これに上記分散剤を添加して分散処理をすることができる。
【0034】
上記インターカレーション法によって製造した膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の場合には、水に長時間浸漬することにより、膨潤性に乏しい相がある程度、膨潤する相に変化していく。この状態のものについて、上記デカンテーション及び遠心分離処理により上澄み分を採取することにより、所定の膨潤性フッ素雲母系鉱物を得ることができる。このとき、上記デカンテーション及び遠心分離処理の前に上記分散処理を施すと、所定の膨潤性フッ素雲母系鉱物を短時間で効率よく得ることができる。
【0035】
上記分散剤の種類としては、高分子型、界面活性型、及び無機型のもの等が例示できるが、中でもポリカルボン酸型高分子を用いるのが好ましい。ポリカルボン酸型高分子を用いる理由としては、上記デカンテーション及び遠心分離処理時の収率がよく、さらに最終的に得られるフィルムの高湿度下でのガスバリア性、透明性、平滑性ともに優れたものが得られる。
この上記ポリカルボン酸型高分子としては、平均分子量は1000〜100万のナトリウム塩やアンモニウム塩を好適に用いることができる。
【0036】
上記分散媒としては、イオン交換水が好ましい。また、膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を上記分散媒に分散させるときの膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の固形分濃度は、0.5〜15重量%が好ましく、1〜10重量%がより好ましい。0.5重量%より少ないと、生産効率の低下を招く場合がある。一方、15重量%より多いと、粘度が高くなりすぎ、分散しにくくなる傾向がある。
【0037】
上記膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を分散媒に分散させた分散液への上記分散剤の添加量は、膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物100重量部に対して、0.1〜10重量部が好ましく、0.2〜5重量部がより好ましい。0.1重量%より少ないと、分散性能が発揮されない場合がある。一方、10重量%より多くても、期待されたほどの分散性能が発揮されない場合がある。
【0038】
上記分散剤を添加した分散液の分散処理方法としては、既知の分散機を用いて、撹拌等の分散処理することができるが、高速ホモジナイザー等を使用するのが好ましい。分散時間については特に制限は無いが、10分〜1時間程度の比較的短時間で十分である。
【0039】
上記の精製処理によって不純分等を取り除いた後の膨潤性フッ素雲母系鉱物の平均粒径は、0.05〜10μmがよく、0.1〜8μmがより好ましい。0.05μmより小さいと、高湿度下でのガスバリア性が十分発現されず、一方、10μmより大きいと、塗工面の透明性や平滑性が失われるため実用上好ましくない。なお、この平均粒径は、堀場製作所(株)製レーザー回折・散乱粒度分布測定装置LA920を使用し、分散媒としてイオン交換水を用いて測定することができる。なお本発明でいう平均粒径とはメジアン径(粒子径基準は体積)を意味する。
【0040】
上記塗工用組成物は、水溶性高分子と膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物とを水系溶媒に溶解及び懸濁することによって形成される。この水系溶媒としては、水が好適に用いられる。また水を主な成分とし、メタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール等を添加されていてもよい。
【0041】
また、ガスバリア性、透明性及び平滑性などを損なわない範囲であれば、各種の添加剤を混合してもよい。各種の添加剤としては、分散剤、消泡剤、酸化防止剤、耐候剤、滑剤、紫外線吸収剤、着色剤などがあげられる。
【0042】
上記水溶性高分子及び膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の上記水系溶媒への合計固形分は、総固形分として0.5〜15重量%が好ましい。さらに、塗工液の粘度とフィルムへの塗工適性、塗工厚み、ガスバリア性など考慮すると2〜10重量%が更に好ましい。0.5重量%より少ないと、フィルムへの塗工時に乾燥不十分となる場合がある。一方15重量%より多いと、塗工液の粘度が高くなりすぎる場合がある。
【0043】
上記の水溶性高分子と膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物との添加割合は任意であるが、水溶性高分子/膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物(重量比)で99.5/0.5〜20/80がよく、99/1〜30/70が好ましい。膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物が0.5重量%より少ないと、ガスバリア性が十分でなく、80重量%より多いとコーティング膜の強度が弱くなる場合がある。
【0044】
上記の水溶性高分子と膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の混合方法はどのような手順で調製しても良い。即ち、▲1▼膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を水系溶媒に分散させた後、水溶性高分子を固体のまま添加して溶解させる。▲2▼水溶性高分子を水系溶媒に溶解させたあと、膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を添加する。▲3▼膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物分散液と水溶性高分子水溶液とを混合する。このうちどの手順によって混合しても良い。
【0045】
なお、上記の膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の精製を、上記の水溶性高分子と膨潤性フッ素雲母系鉱物の混合の前後のいずれで行ってもよい。すなわち、上記の膨潤性フッ素雲母系鉱物の精製を行った後に上記▲1▼〜▲3▼の混合を行ってもよく、また、まず、上記▲1▼〜▲3▼の混合を行い、その後、上記の膨潤性フッ素雲母の精製を行ってもよい。
【0046】
上記塗工用組成物には、必要に応じて、架橋剤を添加することができる。この架橋剤を添加することにより、耐熱水性を向上させることができる。上記架橋剤としては、アルデヒド化合物、エポキシ化合物、カルボジイミド化合物、イソシアネート化合物、チタンやジルコニウム等の有機金属塩又は無機金属等があげられる。
【0047】
上記アルデヒド化合物の具体例としては、グリオキザール、マロンジアルデヒド、スクシンアルデヒド、グルタルアルデヒド、ヘキサンジアール、ヘプタンジアール、オクタンジアール、ノナンジアール、デカンジアール、ドデカンジアール、2,4−ジメチルヘキサンジアール、5−メチルヘプタンジアール、4−メチルオクタンジアール、2,5−ジメチルオクタンジアール、3,6−ジメチルデカンジアール、オルトフタルアルデヒド等があげられる。
【0048】
上記エポキシ化合物の具体例としては、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ノナエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、プロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ジプロジレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジグリシジルエーテル、ネオペンチルグリコールジグリシジルエーテル、グリセロールジグリシジルエーテル等のジグリシジルエーテル類、グリセロールトリグリシジルエーテル等のトリグリシジルエーテル類、ペンタエリスリトールテトラグリシジルエーテル等のテトラグリシジルエーテル類などがあげられる。
【0049】
上記カルボジイミド化合物の具体例としては、カルボジイミド基を有する重合体(例えば日清紡績(株)製、商品名 カルボジライト)等があげられる。
【0050】
上記イソシアネート化合物の具体例としては、ブロック化イソシアネート化合物(例えば第一工業製薬(株)製、商品名 エラストロン、エラストロンBNシリーズ)、トリレンジイソシアネート、4,4‘−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、キシリレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、4,4’−メチレンビスシクロへキシルジイソシアネート、イソホロンジイソシアネート等があげられる。
【0051】
上記チタン化合物の具体例としてはテトライソプロピルチタネート、テトラノルマルブチルチタネート、ブチルチタネートダイマー、テトラ(2−エチルへキシル)チタネート、テトラメチルチタネート、チタンアセチルアセトネート、チタンテトラアセチルアセトネート、ポリチタンアセチルアセトネート、チタンエチルアセトアセテート、チタンオクタンジオレート、チタンラクテート、チタントリエタノールアミネート、ポリヒドロキシチタンステアレート等があげられる。
【0052】
上記ジルコニウム化合物の具体例としてはジルコニウムノルマルプロピレート、ジルコニウムノルマルブチレート、ジルコニウムテトラアセチルアセトネート、ジルコニウムモノアセチルアセトネート、ジルコニウムビスアセチルアセトネート、ジルコニウムモノエチルアセトアセテート、ジルコニウムアセチルアセトネートビスエチルアセトアセトネート、ジルコニウムアセテート、ジルコニウムトリブトキシステアレート等の有機ジルコニウム化合物、オキシ塩化ジルコニウム、ヒドロキシ塩化ジルコニウム、四塩化ジルコニウム、臭化ジルコニウムなどのハロゲン化ジルコニウム、硫酸ジルコニウム、塩基性硫酸ジルコニウム、硝酸ジルコニウムなどの鉱酸ジルコニウム塩、炭酸ジルコニウムアンモニウム、硫酸ジルコニウムナトリウム、酢酸ジルコニウムアンモニウム、シュウ酸ジルコニウムナトリウム、クエン酸ジルコニウムナトリウム、クエン酸ジルコニウムアンモニウムなどのジルコニウム錯塩があげられる。
【0053】
上記架橋剤の添加量は、特に限定されないが、この架橋剤を添加しすぎるとガスバリア性が低下してしまうので低下しない範囲で添加することができる。架橋剤の添加量は架橋される官能基(水酸基など)に対して、モル比で1/1000〜1/2の範囲で添加するのがよく、1/500〜1/10の範囲で添加するのがより好ましい。添加量が1/1000より少ないと得られるフィルムの耐熱水性が低くなり、一方1/2より多いと得られるフィルムのガスバリア性が低くなる傾向がある。
【0054】
上記塗工用組成物を塗工する熱可塑性フィルムとしては、ナイロン6、ナイロン66、ナイロン46等のポリアミド樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリブチレンナフタレート等のポリエステル樹脂、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のポリオレフィン樹脂、またはそれらの混合物よりなるフィルム、またはそれらのフィルムの積層体があげられる。この熱可塑性フィルムは、未延伸フィルムであってもよく、また、延伸フィルムであってもよい。
【0055】
なお、上記熱可塑性樹脂製フィルムの表面には、接着性を向上させるため、公知のコロナ放電処理、火炎処理、紫外線処理、アンカーコート剤塗布処理などを行ってもよい。
【0056】
上記塗工用組成物を上記熱可塑性フィルムに塗工する方法は、特に限定されないが、グラビアロールコーティング、リバースロールコーティング、ワイヤーバーコーティング、ダイコーティング等の通常の塗工方法を採用することができる。なお、コーティングはフィルムの延伸前であっても延伸後であってもよい。
上記塗工用組成物を上記熱可塑性フィルムに塗工することによって形成されるガスバリアコート層の乾燥は特に限定されないが、熱可塑性樹脂フィルムの融点及び軟化点以下の温度で行なうことができる。上記ガスバリアコート層は、高温・長時間での熱処理を必要としないため、150℃以下、数秒の比較的低温・短時間での乾燥・熱処理で十分である。
【0057】
この発明にかかるガスバリア性フィルムは、高湿度下、具体的には23℃、90%RHでのガスバリア性が良好である。このガスバリアコート層1μmあたりの23℃、90%RHでの酸素透過度は、10cc/m2・day・atm以下がよく、8cc/m2・day・atm以下が好ましい。10cc/m2・day・atmより大きいと、ガスバリア性包装材料とした場合の実用性に欠ける。
【0058】
またこの発明にかかるガスバリア性フィルムの透明性はヘイズ値で10%以下がよく、5%以下が好ましく、透明性が非常に高いものとなる。
さらにまたこの発明にかかるガスバリア性フィルムの塗工面の平滑性はざらつき感が全くなく、平滑性に優れたものとなる。
透明性と平滑性に優れるため、塗工面への印刷加工や他のフィルムとのラミネート加工時には悪影響を示さない利点を有する。
【0059】
この発明にかかるガスバリア性フィルムは、そのままガスバリア性フィルムとして使用することができ、また、このガスバリア性フィルムを他のフィルム又はシートに積層して、ガスバリア性を有する積層体として使用することができる。
【0060】
【実施例】
以下に実施例及び比較例をあげてこの発明をさらに具体的に説明する。まず、使用原料、精製方法及び評価方法について下記に示す。
【0061】
[使用原料]
(水溶性高分子)
・ポリビニルアルコール…(株)クラレ製PVA117(以下、「PVA117」と略する。)
・変性ポリビニルアルコール…(株)クラレ製AQ−4105(以下、「AQ4105」と略する。)
【0062】
(無機層状化合物)
・膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物…トピー工業(株)製NTSゾル(固形分10重量%、平均粒径13.5μm、8.6μm、2.8μmの3種類)(以下、「NTS」と略する。)
・精製モンモリロナイト…クニミネ工業(株)製クニピアG(平均粒径1.2μm)(以下、「クニピアG」と略する。)
・膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物…コープケミカル(株)製ソマシフME100(平均粒径4.7μm)(以下、「ソマシフME」と略する。)
【0063】
(熱可塑性フィルム)
・二軸延伸ポリエステルフィルム…東洋紡積(株)製ポリエステルフィルムE5100(厚みは12μm、ヘイズは3.2%である。以下「PET」と略する。)
・二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム…東洋紡積(株)製OPPフィルムP2161(厚みは20μ、ヘイズは2.4%である。以下「OPP」と略する。)
【0064】
[精製及び混合の方法]
無機層状化合物の精製方法として、下記に示すデカンテーション法又は遠心分離法を用いた。
A:デカンテーション法
無機層状化合物が1.5重量%となるようにイオン交換水中にホモジナイザーを用いて20分間撹拌し、分散させた。その後、分散液を静置し、所定時間経過後、上澄み分を取り出した。
B:遠心分離法
無機層状化合物が1.5重量%となるようにイオン交換水中にホモジナイザーを用いて20分間撹拌し、分散させた。その後、所定の遠心力で5分間遠心分離を行い、上澄み分を取り出した。
【0065】
また、下記の方法で無機層状化合物と水溶性高分子を混合した。
▲1▼精製した無機層状化合物を乾燥しないで水系媒体に懸濁したまま水溶性高分子を加えて加温し、溶解させた。
▲2▼精製した無機層状化合物を乾燥した後、水溶性高分子溶液を加えた。
【0066】
表2に示す各実施例及び比較例で行った精製及び混合の方法の記号について、表1に示す。なお、ここで「A→▲1▼」は、Aにかかる精製方法をした後、▲1▼にかかる混合方法を行ったことを意味する。
【0067】
【表1】
【0068】
[無機層状化合物の評価]
(平均粒径)
(株)堀場製作所製LA920を用いて、レーザー回折散乱法を用いて分析し、メジアン径を平均粒子径とした。なお分散媒にはイオン交換水を用いた。
【0069】
(相対強度)
理学電機(株)製RINT2000を用いて、粉末X線回折法により分析し、各ピークの強度から算出した。
サンプルについては120℃で10時間以上乾燥した後、23℃−50%RH状態にて24時間以上放置したサンプルについて測定した。
なお、表2において、相対強度A及び相対強度Bは以下のピーク比を示す。
相対強度A:[Id=9.6Å]/[Id=12.4Å]×100
相対強度B:[Id=4.0Å]/[Id=12.4Å]×100
【0070】
<測定条件>
X線:Cu Kα線 (40kV−30mA)、カウンタモノクロメータ:全自動モノクロメータ、発散スリット:1°、散乱スリット:1°、受光スリット:0.15mm、スキャンスピード:4°/分、スキャンステップ:0.01°、走査軸:2θ/θ
<ピーク強度Iの算出条件>
平滑化(点数9)、バックグラウンド除去(曲率0.00)、Kα2除去(Kα2/Kα1 0.5)
【0071】
(純度試験)
以下に示す粒子の沈降テストにより、純度を求めた。
精製した又は未精製の無機層状化合物を1.5重量%となるように、イオン交換水中でホモジナイザーを用いて20分間撹拌を行い、イオン交換水に十分分散させ、その水分散液50mlを50mlメスシリンダーに入れて静置し、6時間経過後、容器の底面に完全沈降した粒子の量を測定する。このとき、上記メスシリンダー中の上記膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の全量をA重量部、完全沈降した粒子の量をB重量部としたとき、下記式により純度を算出する。
純度[%]=(A−B)/A×100
【0072】
[評価方法]
(フィルムのガスバリア性)
酸素透過試験器(Modern Contorol社製、OX−TRAN2/20)により、23℃、相対湿度90%の雰囲気下における酸素透過度を測定した。
フィルムのガスバリア性は基材のフィルムの種類や厚み、およびコート層の厚みにより変化するため、下記の式に従って、ガスバリアコート層1μmあたりの酸素透過度(Psamp1e)(単位:cc・1μm/m2・day・atm)を算出した。
1/Ptotal=1/Psamp1e+1/Pbase
Ptotal;実施例及び比較例で得られた積層フィルムの測定結果(酸素透過度)
Pbase;基材フィルムの酸素透過度
Psamp1e;ガスバリアコート層の酸素透過度
【0073】
(透明度)
日本電色工業(株)製NDH2000を用いて、JIS K7105に従い、ヘイズを測定した。
【0074】
[コート面の平滑性]
塗工用組成物の塗工面を指でなぞり、下記の基準で評価した。
○:ザラツキ感なし
×:ザラツキ感あり
【0075】
(実施例1〜9、比較例1〜8、10〜11)
表2に記載の無機層状化合物及び樹脂を用い、表1に示す方法を用いて無機層状化合物の精製、及び無機層状化合物及び樹脂の混合を行い、塗工用組成物を得た。このとき、A→▲2▼、B→▲2▼の方法を用いる場合、無機層状化合物の固形分濃度1.5重量%、水溶性高分子の固形分濃度3.5重量%となるように混合分散した。A→▲1▼の方法を用いる場合、水溶性高分子の固形分濃度が3.5重量%となるように混合分散した。なおA→▲1▼の場合、Aの操作後にあらかじめ、無機層状化合物の固形分濃度を測定しておき、最終的な混合比を求めた。比較例の精製なしの無機層状化合物を用いる場合、固形分濃度が3.5重量%の水溶性高分子溶液に無機層状化合物の固形分濃度が1.5重量%となるように混合分散した。混合分散時は、いずれの方法でも、ホモジナイザーを用いて20分間撹拌を行い、混合分散液を調製した。
精製なし又は精製後の無機層状化合物については、上記測定方法による平均粒径、粉末X線回折分析による相対強度、粒子の沈降試験による純度を求めた。
室温状態の塗工用組成物をメイヤーバーを用いて乾燥塗工厚みが約1μmになるように表2に示す熱可塑性フィルムのコロナ処理面へ塗工した。乾燥は100℃、1分間行った。得られた積層フィルムを用いて上記の方法で評価した。その結果を表2に示す。
【0076】
(実施例10)
ソマシフMEをイオン交換水中に3重量%となる濃度で添加し、ソマシフMEの固形分100重量部に対して、分散剤としてポリカルボン酸型高分子であるアクアリックHL415(日本触媒(株)製、ポリアクリル酸(平均分子量1万))のナトリウム塩を固形分で1重量部添加し、ホモジナイザーで20分間撹拌した。その後、表2に記載の樹脂を用い、表1に示す方法を用いてソマシフMEの精製、及び樹脂との混合を実施例1と同様に行い、塗工用組成物を得た。これ以降の操作についても実施例1と同様に行い、評価した。
【0077】
(比較例9)
ソマシフMEを5日間、イオン交換水中へ1.5重量%となる濃度で浸漬処理を行ったものについて、一旦乾燥して使用した。この場合、固形分濃度が3.5重量%の水溶性高分子溶液にソマシフMEの固形分濃度が1.5重量%となるように、ホモジナイザーを用いて20分間撹拌を行い、混合分散液を調製した。これ以降の操作は、実施例1と同様に行い、評価した。
【0078】
【表2】
【0079】
【発明の効果】
この発明にかかるガスバリア性フィルムは、所定の回折ピークの相対強度を有する膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を用いるので、これを含有する塗工用組成物を、熱可塑性フィルムの少なくとも片面に塗工した際、この膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物が均一に熱可塑性フィルム上に配され、得られるフィルムのガスバリア性、特に高湿度下のガスバリア性がより向上し、透明性や平滑性にも優れる。
【0080】
また、この所定の回折ピークの相対強度を有する膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物を、遠心分離又はデカンテーションによる精製法を用いて得る場合は、製造工程が容易となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a gas barrier film.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the field of food and medicine packaging, packaging materials having excellent gas barrier properties such as oxygen gas barrier properties are used for the purpose of preventing quality deterioration of contents. As such a gas barrier film, a film in which polyvinylidene chloride is laminated, a film using a polyvinyl alcohol resin, and the like are known. In particular, a film in which the above-mentioned polyvinylidene chloride is laminated is widely used for food packaging.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the film in which the polyvinylidene chloride is laminated tends to be refrained from use due to environmental problems such as dioxin in recent years.
[0004]
Moreover, since the film using the said polyvinyl alcohol-type resin contains a hydroxyl group, it has the problem that the gas barrier property under high humidity falls. On the other hand, as a method for improving the gas barrier property under high humidity, many films using a coating composition in which an inorganic layered compound is uniformly dispersed in a high hydrogen bonding resin are disclosed.
[0005]
For example, JP-A-6-93133 discloses a method in which an inorganic layered compound of 5 μm or less is sufficiently swollen in water and added to a high hydrogen bonding resin or an aqueous solution thereof. However, in this publication, a commercially available layered silicate is used as it is, but generally it contains a small amount of impurities such as silicon oxide, and the resulting film has insufficient gas barrier properties under high humidity. .
[0006]
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-228817 discloses a method for improving gas barrier properties by uniformly dispersing a layered silicate in a nylon 6 resin at a molecular level. However, in this method, coarse particles such as raw materials and by-products during synthesis contained in the layered silicate are finely pulverized by a jet mill, and further classified by sieving to obtain predetermined particles. However, due to the dry method, the impurities are not sufficiently separated. Furthermore, since it is dispersed in a polyamide-based resin, the gas barrier property under high humidity of the finally obtained film is not sufficient.
[0007]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a film that can sufficiently improve gas barrier properties under high humidity and is excellent in transparency and smoothness without performing complicated steps.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, the water-soluble polymer and the average particle diameter are 0.05 to 10 μm, and the relative intensity of the diffraction peak obtained from the powder X-ray diffraction analysis is [Id = 9.6Å] / [Id = 12.4Å] × 100 ≦ 2 and [Id = 4.0Å] / [Id = 12.4Since the above-mentioned problems have been solved by using a gas barrier film in which a coating composition containing a swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral satisfying x100 ≦ 20 is applied to at least one surface of a thermoplastic film. is there.
[0009]
In addition, a swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral having a relative intensity of a predetermined diffraction peak can be obtained by a commercially available product using a purification method by centrifugation or decantation.
[0010]
Since a swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral having a relative intensity of a predetermined diffraction peak is used, when the coating composition containing this is applied to at least one surface of a thermoplastic film, this swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral Minerals are uniformly disposed on the thermoplastic film, and the gas barrier property of the resulting film, particularly the gas barrier property under high humidity, is further improved.
[0011]
Further, when the swellable synthetic fluoromica mineral having the relative intensity of the predetermined diffraction peak is obtained using a purification method by centrifugation or decantation, the production process becomes easy.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail below.
The gas barrier film according to the present invention is a film obtained by applying a coating composition containing a water-soluble polymer and a swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral to at least one surface of a thermoplastic film.
[0013]
The water-soluble polymer refers to a water-soluble polymer substance, and those having a functional group having a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an acid amide group, a thiol group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, etc. It is done. Examples of this water-soluble polymer include polyvinyl alcohol polymers, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, amylose, amylopectin, pullulan, curdlan, xanthan, chitin, chitosan, polyacrylic. Derivatives such as acid, sodium polyacrylate, polybenzene sulfonic acid, sodium polybenzene sulfonate, polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine, polyacrylamide and the like, and copolymers and modified products thereof can be mentioned. Among these, a polyvinyl alcohol polymer or a derivative thereof is preferable. In order to further improve the gas barrier property under high humidity, a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having a saponification degree of 95 mol% or more is preferable, and a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having a saponification degree of 98 mol% or more is more preferable. Furthermore, modified polyvinyl alcohol containing a small amount of silyl group in the molecule is particularly preferable.
[0014]
The swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral is an artificial mineral that satisfies the following formula (2):FourOn the basis of a regular tetrahedron, this tetrahedron is connected in a hexagonal mesh plate shape, and ions having octahedral coordination are ion-bonded between the two upper and lower plates to form a sandwich layer. Between the sandwich layer and the sandwich layer, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion called an interlayer ion is coordinated by a very weak ionic bond.
X0.33~1.0Y2~ThreeZFourOTenF2 (2)
Here, X represents a cation with a coordination number of 12, Y represents a cation with a coordination number of 6, and Z represents a cation with a coordination number of 4. Specifically, X is Na+, K+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Rb2+, Sr2+, Li+One or more cations selected from Y, and Y is Mg2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Li+One or more cations selected from Z, and Z is Si4+, Ge4+, Al3+, Fe3+, B3+1 type or 2 types or more of cations chosen from these.
[0015]
Depending on the number of Si in the general formula Z, the above-mentioned swellable synthetic fluoric mica-based minerals include disilicon type (disilichic type), trisilicon type (trisilicic type), and tetrasilicon type (tetralithic type). ) Each type exists. Among these, it is a tetrasilicon type, and the above X, that is, the interlayer ionic species is Na.+Or Li+Tetrasilicon mica, in which interlayer ions supplement the charge balance in the crystal structure, has swelling properties and is particularly preferable.
[0016]
Specific examples of the swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral include sodium tetralithic mica [NaMg2.5(SiFourOTen) F2], Sodium or lithium teniolite [(Na or Li) Mg2Li (SiFourOTen) F2], Sodium or lithium hectorite [(Na or Li)0.33Mg2.67Li0.33(SiFourOTen) F2From the viewpoint of economy, sodium tetralithic mica is preferably used. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. In addition, about each composition formula about the specific example of said swellable synthetic fluorine mica system mineral, the ideal composition is shown and it is not necessary to correspond exactly | strictly.
[0017]
The synthetic fluorine mica-based mineral is made of silica, magnesia, magnesium fluoride, sodium silicofluoride, sodium fluoride, lithium fluoride, sodium carbonate and carbonic acid as raw materials so as to have the chemical composition of the desired swellable fluorine mica. A so-called melting method in which lithium or the like is prepared, melted at 1400 to 1500 ° C. in an internal electric furnace, and then the melt is flowed out into the mold and cooled to crystallize a fluoromica-based mineral in the mold. Can be synthesized by a known method.
[0018]
As another synthesis method, a swellable fluoromica-based mineral is obtained by using talc as a starting material and intercalating alkali metal ions as disclosed in JP-A-2-149415. I can give you a way. In this method, a swellable fluoromica-based mineral is obtained by mixing talc with an alkali silicofluoride or an alkali fluoride and subjecting it to a heat treatment at about 700 to 1200 ° C. for a short time in a magnetic crucible.
[0019]
When producing a swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral by the above-described melting method, a by-product (hereinafter simply referred to as “by-product”), which is not usually a synthetic fluoromica-based mineral, on the order of several percent by weight or more. And unreacted raw materials are mixed. Further, at the time of production by this melting method, large and good crystals are obtained, but cristobalite or the like is mainly mixed as the by-product.
[0020]
In the case of producing a swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral by the above intercalation method, although there are few impurities such as by-products and unreacted raw materials and relatively high purity can be obtained compared to the melting method, synthetic fluorine By-products related to mica-based minerals (hereinafter simply referred to as “by-products”) coexist. An example of this by-product is a synthetic fluoromica-based mineral composed of a phase having poor swellability.
[0021]
Some commercially available swellable synthetic fluoromica minerals have reduced by-products and unreacted raw materials to a certain level, but these commercial products contain by-products and by-products. Contains a small amount.
[0022]
When a swellable synthetic fluoromica mineral containing a small amount of these by-products and by-products is mixed and dispersed with a water-soluble polymer and applied to a film, the gas barrier property under high humidity is reduced, and it is also transparent. Also, the smoothness is lowered, which becomes a very important problem.
[0023]
The presence of these can be confirmed by diffraction peaks obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis. That is, for the phase with poor swellability (non-swellable synthetic fluorine mica), the interplanar spacing d can be confirmed with a peak of approximately 9.6 mm. In addition, cristobalite can be confirmed with a peak having a surface interval d of approximately 4.0 mm. In addition, the swelling synthetic fluorine mica-based mineral can be confirmed with a peak having an interplanar spacing d of approximately 12.4 mm. The measurement is performed on a sample which is dried at 120 ° C. for 10 hours or more and then left at 23 ° C.-50% RH for 24 hours or more. The particle size of the sample was adjusted to pass through a 100 mesh screen.
[0024]
(1) Powder X-ray diffraction analysis conditions
Apparatus: RINT2000 series manufactured by Rigaku Corporation, X-ray: Cu Kα line (40 kV-30 mA)
Counter monochromator: fully automatic monochromator, divergence slit: 1 °, scattering slit: 1 °, light receiving slit: 0.15 mm, scan speed: 4 ° / min, scan step: 0.01 °, scan axis: 2θ / θ
[0025]
(2) Calculation conditions for peak intensity I
Smoothing (score 9), background removal (curvature 0.00), Kα2 removal (Kα2 / Kα1 0.5)
[0026]
Specifically, in the above powder X-ray diffraction analysis, the diffraction peak intensity with an interplanar spacing d of approximately 9.6 mm indicating a phase with poor swelling (non-swelling synthetic fluorine mica) is [Id = 9.6Å], the diffraction peak intensity of the cristobalite surface spacing d is approximately 4.0 Å [Id = 4.0Å], and a diffraction peak intensity of [1] is approximately 12.4 面, indicating a swelling synthetic fluoromica-based mineral [Id = 12.4Å], the relative intensity of each diffraction peak is [Id = 9.6Å] / [Id = 12.4Å] × 100 ≦ 2 and [Id = 4.0Å] / [Id = 12.4Å] × 100 ≦ 20 should be satisfied, and [Id = 9.6Å] / [Id = 12.4Å] = 0 and [Id = 4.0Å] / [Id = 12.4Å] × 100 ≦ 10 is preferable. [Id = 9.6Å] / [Id = 12.4Å] × 100> 2 or [Id = 4.0Å] / [Id = 12.4Å] × 100> 20, not only a sufficient gas barrier property cannot be obtained, but also transparency and smoothness are remarkably deteriorated.
[0027]
Further, the purity of the swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral according to the present invention needs to satisfy a predetermined condition as determined by a particle sedimentation test described below. It is added to ion-exchanged water so that the solid content of the swellable synthetic fluoromica mineral is 1.5% by weight, and is sufficiently dispersed by stirring for 20 minutes using a homogenizer. 50 ml of the aqueous dispersion is placed in a 50 ml graduated cylinder (body diameter 25 mmφ × total length 220 mm) and allowed to stand. After 6 hours, the amount of particles that have completely settled on the bottom of the container is measured. At this time, when the total amount of the swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral in the graduated cylinder is A part by weight and the amount of completely settled particles is B part by weight, the following formula (1) is preferably satisfied.
(A−B) / A × 100 ≧ 90 (1)
Further, the value on the left side of the above formula (1) is preferably 92 or more, and more preferably 95 or more. When the value of the left side of the above formula (1) is smaller than 90, not only a sufficient gas barrier property cannot be obtained, but also transparency and smoothness are remarkably deteriorated.
[0028]
In addition, it is judged visually whether it settled to the bottom face of said container, and what was visually judged to be in contact with the bottom face of a graduated cylinder is made into the fully settled particle | grains. Further, even when the particles are separated into three or more layers, only the completely settled particles are measured, and their weights are measured.
[0029]
When the relative intensity obtained from the X-ray diffraction analysis shown above is within the above range, a gas barrier film excellent in gas barrier properties, transparency and smoothness under high humidity can be obtained. Furthermore, when the purity in the sedimentation test satisfies the above-mentioned value, a gas barrier film having better gas barrier properties, transparency and smoothness under high humidity can be obtained.
[0030]
In order to obtain a swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral having a relative intensity of the predetermined diffraction peak, that is, a swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral whose relative intensity obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis satisfies the above-mentioned conditions, Purification methods can be employed. Purification of the swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral, that is, by-products such as the non-swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral, by-products such as cristobalite, unreacted raw materials, etc. (hereinafter referred to as “impurities”). ) Can be removed by centrifugation or decantation. Specifically, the centrifugation is performed by dispersing the swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral before purification in water sufficiently with a homogenizer or the like, having a viscosity of 10 to 50000G, preferably 30 to 5000G, more preferably 50 to 3000G. In the range, it is carried out under the condition of 0.5 to 30 minutes, and precipitated impurities and the like can be removed. If the centrifugal force deviates from the above range, separation from impurities and the like tends to be difficult.
[0031]
In addition, the decantation is sufficiently dispersed using a homogenizer or the like after being dispersed in water so that the solid content concentration of the swellable synthetic fluoromica mineral before purification is 3% by weight or less, more preferably 2% by weight or less. By allowing the deposited material to stand for 1 to 240 hours, preferably 3 hours to 120 hours, more preferably 5 hours to 36 hours, precipitated impurities and the like can be removed. In any of these methods, the high-purity swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral can be obtained by recovering the swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral from the supernatant suspension. If it is shorter than 1 hour, it may not be sufficiently separated from impurities and the like. On the other hand, when the time is longer than 240 hours, not only the productivity is lowered but also the yield tends to be lowered.
[0032]
When the decantation method is used, the average particle size of the swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral provided for the purification treatment is preferably 6 μm or more, and more preferably 10 μm or more. If it is less than 6 μm, separation from impurities and the like is very bad, and it may be difficult to remove. When using the centrifugation method, it is preferably 2 μm or more, more preferably 6 μm or more. If it is less than 2 μm, separation from impurities and the like is very bad and it may be difficult to remove.
[0033]
Also, before purification by centrifugation or decantation of the above swellable synthetic fluoromica mineral, a small amount of a dispersant or the like may be added and dispersed as long as physical properties such as gas barrier properties, transparency, and smoothness are not impaired. Processing may be performed. In this case, the swellable synthetic fluoromica mineral can be dispersed in a dispersion medium to prepare a dispersion, and the dispersant can be added to the dispersion to carry out a dispersion treatment.
[0034]
In the case of the swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral produced by the intercalation method, the phase having poor swellability changes to a swellable phase to some extent by being immersed in water for a long time. About the thing of this state, a predetermined | prescribed swelling fluorine mica-type mineral can be obtained by extract | collecting a supernatant liquid by the said decantation and centrifugation process. At this time, if the dispersion treatment is performed before the decantation and the centrifugal separation treatment, a predetermined swellable fluorinated mica-based mineral can be efficiently obtained in a short time.
[0035]
Examples of the type of the dispersant include polymer type, surface active type, and inorganic type. Among them, polycarboxylic acid type polymer is preferably used. The reason for using the polycarboxylic acid type polymer is that the yield at the time of the decantation and centrifugation is good, and the film obtained finally has excellent gas barrier properties under high humidity, transparency and smoothness. Things are obtained.
As the polycarboxylic acid type polymer, a sodium salt or ammonium salt having an average molecular weight of 1,000 to 1,000,000 can be suitably used.
[0036]
As the dispersion medium, ion-exchanged water is preferable. Further, the solid content concentration of the swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral when the swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral is dispersed in the dispersion medium is preferably 0.5 to 15% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 10% by weight. If it is less than 0.5% by weight, production efficiency may be reduced. On the other hand, when the amount is more than 15% by weight, the viscosity tends to be too high and the dispersion tends to be difficult.
[0037]
The amount of the dispersant added to the dispersion obtained by dispersing the swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral in a dispersion medium is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral. 0.2 to 5 parts by weight is more preferable. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, the dispersion performance may not be exhibited. On the other hand, even if it exceeds 10% by weight, the expected dispersion performance may not be exhibited.
[0038]
As a dispersion treatment method of the dispersion liquid to which the dispersant is added, dispersion treatment such as stirring can be performed using a known disperser, but it is preferable to use a high-speed homogenizer or the like. The dispersion time is not particularly limited, but a relatively short time of about 10 minutes to 1 hour is sufficient.
[0039]
The average particle diameter of the swellable fluoromica-based mineral after removing impurities by the above purification treatment is preferably 0.05 to 10 μm, and more preferably 0.1 to 8 μm. If it is smaller than 0.05 μm, the gas barrier property under high humidity is not sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if it is larger than 10 μm, the transparency and smoothness of the coated surface are lost, which is not practically preferable. The average particle diameter can be measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus LA920 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd. and using ion-exchanged water as a dispersion medium. In addition, the average particle diameter as used in the field of this invention means a median diameter (a particle diameter reference | standard is a volume).
[0040]
The coating composition is formed by dissolving and suspending a water-soluble polymer and a swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral in an aqueous solvent. As this aqueous solvent, water is preferably used. Moreover, water, the main component, and methanol, propanol, isopropanol, etc. may be added.
[0041]
Further, various additives may be mixed as long as the gas barrier property, transparency, smoothness and the like are not impaired. Examples of various additives include dispersants, antifoaming agents, antioxidants, weathering agents, lubricants, ultraviolet absorbers, and coloring agents.
[0042]
The total solid content of the water-soluble polymer and the swellable synthetic fluoromica mineral in the aqueous solvent is preferably 0.5 to 15% by weight as the total solid content. Furthermore, in consideration of the viscosity of the coating liquid, the coating suitability to the film, the coating thickness, the gas barrier property, etc., 2 to 10% by weight is more preferable. If it is less than 0.5% by weight, drying may be insufficient during coating on the film. On the other hand, if it is more than 15% by weight, the viscosity of the coating solution may become too high.
[0043]
The addition ratio of the water-soluble polymer and the swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral is arbitrary, but the water-soluble polymer / swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral (weight ratio) is 99.5 / 0.5-20. / 80 is good, and 99/1 to 30/70 is preferable. When the amount of the swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral is less than 0.5% by weight, the gas barrier property is not sufficient, and when it is more than 80% by weight, the strength of the coating film may be weakened.
[0044]
The mixing method of the water-soluble polymer and the swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral may be prepared by any procedure. That is, (1) a swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral is dispersed in an aqueous solvent, and then the water-soluble polymer is added and dissolved as a solid. (2) A water-soluble polymer is dissolved in an aqueous solvent, and then a swellable synthetic fluoromica mineral is added. (3) A swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral dispersion and a water-soluble polymer aqueous solution are mixed. You may mix by any procedure among these.
[0045]
In addition, you may refine | purify said swelling synthetic fluorine mica type mineral before and after mixing of said water-soluble polymer and swelling fluorine mica type mineral. That is, after the above swellable fluoromica mineral has been purified, the above (1) to (3) may be mixed. First, the above (1) to (3) are mixed, and then The above swellable fluorine mica may be purified.
[0046]
A crosslinking agent can be added to the coating composition as necessary. By adding this crosslinking agent, hot water resistance can be improved. Examples of the crosslinking agent include aldehyde compounds, epoxy compounds, carbodiimide compounds, isocyanate compounds, organic metal salts such as titanium and zirconium, inorganic metals, and the like.
[0047]
Specific examples of the aldehyde compound include glyoxal, malondialdehyde, succinaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, hexane dial, heptane dial, octane dial, nonane dial, decandial, dodecandial, and 2,4-dimethylhexane dial. 5-methylheptane dial, 4-methyloctane dial, 2,5-dimethyloctane dial, 3,6-dimethyldecandial, orthophthalaldehyde and the like.
[0048]
Specific examples of the epoxy compound include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, diethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, triethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tetraethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, nonaethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and dipropylene glycol. Diglycidyl ether, tripropylidyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, diglycidyl ethers such as glycerol diglycidyl ether, triglycidyl ethers such as glycerol triglycidyl ether, Tetraglycidyl ethers such as pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether Such as Le acids, and the like.
[0049]
Specific examples of the carbodiimide compound include a polymer having a carbodiimide group (for example, trade name Carbodilite, manufactured by Nisshinbo Co., Ltd.).
[0050]
Specific examples of the isocyanate compound include a blocked isocyanate compound (for example, trade name ELASTRON, ELASTRON BN series) manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, hexa Examples include methylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-methylenebiscyclohexyl diisocyanate, and isophorone diisocyanate.
[0051]
Specific examples of the titanium compound include tetraisopropyl titanate, tetranormal butyl titanate, butyl titanate dimer, tetra (2-ethylhexyl) titanate, tetramethyl titanate, titanium acetylacetonate, titanium tetraacetylacetonate, and polytitanium acetylacetate. Nate, titanium ethyl acetoacetate, titanium octanediolate, titanium lactate, titanium triethanolamate, polyhydroxy titanium stearate and the like.
[0052]
Specific examples of the zirconium compound include zirconium normal propyrate, zirconium normal butyrate, zirconium tetraacetylacetonate, zirconium monoacetylacetonate, zirconium bisacetylacetonate, zirconium monoethylacetoacetate, zirconium acetylacetonate bisethylacetoacetate. Organic zirconium compounds such as nates, zirconium acetate, zirconium tributoxy systemate, ores such as zirconium oxychloride, hydroxy zirconium chloride, zirconium tetrachloride, zirconium bromide and other halogenated zirconium, zirconium sulfate, basic zirconium sulfate, zirconium nitrate, etc. Zirconium acid salt, ammonium zirconium carbonate, zirconium sodium sulfate , Zirconium acetate ammonium, sodium oxalate, zirconium sodium citrate, zirconium complex salts such as zirconium citrate ammonium and the like.
[0053]
The addition amount of the cross-linking agent is not particularly limited, but if this cross-linking agent is added too much, the gas barrier property is lowered, so that the cross-linking agent can be added within a range that does not fall. The addition amount of the crosslinking agent is preferably in the range of 1/1000 to 1/2 in terms of molar ratio to the functional group to be crosslinked (such as a hydroxyl group), and is added in the range of 1/500 to 1/10. Is more preferable. When the addition amount is less than 1/1000, the hot water resistance of the obtained film is lowered, while when it is more than 1/2, the gas barrier property of the obtained film tends to be lowered.
[0054]
Examples of the thermoplastic film for coating the coating composition include polyamide resins such as nylon 6, nylon 66, and nylon 46, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polybutylene naphthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, and the like. Examples thereof include a film made of a polyolefin resin or a mixture thereof, and a laminate of these films. This thermoplastic film may be an unstretched film or a stretched film.
[0055]
In addition, in order to improve adhesiveness, you may perform the well-known corona discharge process, a flame process, an ultraviolet-ray process, an anchor coating agent application | coating process, etc. on the surface of the said thermoplastic resin film.
[0056]
A method for applying the coating composition to the thermoplastic film is not particularly limited, and a normal coating method such as gravure roll coating, reverse roll coating, wire bar coating, or die coating can be employed. . The coating may be before or after stretching the film.
The drying of the gas barrier coat layer formed by applying the coating composition to the thermoplastic film is not particularly limited, but can be performed at a temperature below the melting point and softening point of the thermoplastic resin film. Since the gas barrier coat layer does not require heat treatment at high temperature for a long time, drying and heat treatment at 150 ° C. or less and a relatively low temperature for a few seconds in a short time are sufficient.
[0057]
The gas barrier film according to the present invention has good gas barrier properties under high humidity, specifically at 23 ° C. and 90% RH. The oxygen permeability at 23 ° C. and 90% RH per 1 μm of the gas barrier coat layer is 10 cc / m.2・ Day ・ atm or less is good, 8cc / m2· Day · atm or less is preferable. 10cc / m2-If it is larger than day-atm, the practicality of a gas barrier packaging material is lacking.
[0058]
Moreover, the transparency of the gas barrier film according to the present invention is preferably 10% or less in terms of haze value, preferably 5% or less, and the transparency is very high.
Furthermore, the smoothness of the coated surface of the gas barrier film according to the present invention has no feeling of roughness and is excellent in smoothness.
Since it is excellent in transparency and smoothness, it has an advantage that no adverse effect is exhibited during printing on the coated surface or laminating with other films.
[0059]
The gas barrier film according to the present invention can be used as a gas barrier film as it is, or can be used as a laminate having gas barrier properties by laminating the gas barrier film on another film or sheet.
[0060]
【Example】
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples and comparative examples. First, the raw materials used, the purification method and the evaluation method are shown below.
[0061]
[Raw materials]
(Water-soluble polymer)
Polyvinyl alcohol: PVA117 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd. (hereinafter abbreviated as “PVA117”)
Modified polyvinyl alcohol: AQ-4105 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd. (hereinafter abbreviated as “AQ4105”)
[0062]
(Inorganic layered compound)
・ Swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral: NTS sol manufactured by Topy Industries, Ltd. (solid content 10% by weight, average particle size 13.5 μm, 8.6 μm, 2.8 μm) (hereinafter abbreviated as “NTS”) To do.)
-Purified montmorillonite: Kunimine Industry Co., Ltd. Kunipia G (average particle size 1.2 μm) (hereinafter abbreviated as “Kunipia G”)
Swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral: Somasif ME100 (average particle size 4.7 μm) manufactured by Coop Chemical Co., Ltd. (hereinafter abbreviated as “Somasif ME”)
[0063]
(Thermoplastic film)
Biaxially stretched polyester film: Polyester film E5100 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. (thickness is 12 μm, haze is 3.2%, hereinafter abbreviated as “PET”)
Biaxially stretched polypropylene film: OPP film P2161 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd. (thickness is 20 μ, haze is 2.4%, hereinafter abbreviated as “OPP”)
[0064]
[Purification and mixing methods]
As a method for purifying the inorganic layered compound, the following decantation method or centrifugation method was used.
A: Decantation method
The mixture was stirred and dispersed in ion-exchanged water using a homogenizer for 20 minutes so that the inorganic layered compound was 1.5% by weight. Thereafter, the dispersion was allowed to stand, and after a predetermined time, the supernatant was taken out.
B: Centrifugation method
The mixture was stirred and dispersed in ion-exchanged water using a homogenizer for 20 minutes so that the inorganic layered compound was 1.5% by weight. Thereafter, centrifugation was performed for 5 minutes with a predetermined centrifugal force, and the supernatant was taken out.
[0065]
Moreover, the inorganic layered compound and the water-soluble polymer were mixed by the following method.
{Circle around (1)} The purified inorganic layered compound was suspended in an aqueous medium without drying, and a water-soluble polymer was added and heated to dissolve.
(2) After drying the purified inorganic layered compound, a water-soluble polymer solution was added.
[0066]
Table 1 shows the symbols of the purification and mixing methods performed in each Example and Comparative Example shown in Table 2. Here, “A → (1)” means that after the purification method according to A, the mixing method according to (1) was performed.
[0067]
[Table 1]
[0068]
[Evaluation of inorganic layered compounds]
(Average particle size)
Analysis was performed using a laser diffraction scattering method using LA920 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd., and the median diameter was defined as the average particle diameter. Note that ion-exchanged water was used as the dispersion medium.
[0069]
(Relative strength)
Using RINT2000 manufactured by Rigaku Denki Co., Ltd., it was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction method, and calculated from the intensity of each peak.
About the sample, after drying at 120 degreeC for 10 hours or more, it measured about the sample left to stand for 24 hours or more in 23 degreeC-50% RH state.
In Table 2, relative intensity A and relative intensity B show the following peak ratios.
Relative strength A: [Id = 9.6Å] / [Id = 12.4Å] × 100
Relative strength B: [Id = 4.0Å] / [Id = 12.4Å] × 100
[0070]
<Measurement conditions>
X-ray: Cu Kα ray (40 kV-30 mA), counter monochromator: fully automatic monochromator, divergence slit: 1 °, scattering slit: 1 °, light receiving slit: 0.15 mm, scan speed: 4 ° / min, scan step : 0.01 °, scanning axis: 2θ / θ
<Calculation conditions for peak intensity I>
Smoothing (score 9), background removal (curvature 0.00), Kα2 removal (Kα2 / Kα1 0.5)
[0071]
(Purity test)
Purity was determined by the following sedimentation test of particles.
The purified or unpurified inorganic layered compound is stirred in ion-exchanged water for 20 minutes using a homogenizer so as to be 1.5% by weight, and is sufficiently dispersed in ion-exchanged water. Place in a cylinder and let stand, and after 6 hours, measure the amount of particles that have completely settled on the bottom of the container. At this time, when the total amount of the swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral in the graduated cylinder is A part by weight and the amount of completely settled particles is B part by weight, the purity is calculated by the following formula.
Purity [%] = (A−B) / A × 100
[0072]
[Evaluation methods]
(Gas barrier properties of film)
The oxygen permeability in an atmosphere of 23 ° C. and 90% relative humidity was measured with an oxygen permeation tester (manufactured by Modern Control, OX-TRAN 2/20).
Since the gas barrier property of the film varies depending on the type and thickness of the base film and the thickness of the coat layer, the oxygen permeability per 1 μm of the gas barrier coat layer (Psamp1e(Unit: cc · 1μm / m2(Day · atm) was calculated.
1 / Ptotal= 1 / Psamp1e+ 1 / Pbase
Ptotal; Measurement results (oxygen permeability) of laminated films obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples
Pbase; Oxygen permeability of substrate film
Psamp1e; Oxygen permeability of gas barrier coat layer
[0073]
(Transparency)
Haze was measured using NDH2000 manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. according to JIS K7105.
[0074]
[Smoothness of coated surface]
The coated surface of the coating composition was traced with a finger and evaluated according to the following criteria.
○: No roughness
×: There is a rough feeling
[0075]
(Example 19Comparative Examples 1-810-11)
Using the inorganic layered compound and resin described in Table 2, the inorganic layered compound was purified and the inorganic layered compound and resin were mixed using the method shown in Table 1 to obtain a coating composition. At this time, when using the methods of A → (2) and B → (2), the solid content concentration of the inorganic layered compound is 1.5% by weight and the solid content concentration of the water-soluble polymer is 3.5% by weight. Mixed and dispersed. When using the method of A → (1), the water-soluble polymer was mixed and dispersed so that the solid content concentration was 3.5% by weight. In the case of A → (1), after the operation of A, the solid content concentration of the inorganic stratiform compound was measured in advance to determine the final mixing ratio. When the inorganic layered compound without purification of the comparative example was used, it was mixed and dispersed in a water-soluble polymer solution having a solid content concentration of 3.5% by weight so that the solid content concentration of the inorganic layered compound was 1.5% by weight. At the time of mixing and dispersing, any method was used to stir for 20 minutes using a homogenizer to prepare a mixed dispersion.
For the inorganic layered compound without purification or after purification, the average particle size by the above measurement method, the relative strength by powder X-ray diffraction analysis, and the purity by particle sedimentation test were determined.
The coating composition at room temperature was applied to the corona-treated surface of the thermoplastic film shown in Table 2 using a Mayer bar so that the dry coating thickness was about 1 μm. Drying was performed at 100 ° C. for 1 minute. It evaluated by said method using the obtained laminated | multilayer film. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0076]
(Example10)
Somasif ME is added to ion exchange water at a concentration of 3% by weight, and 100 parts by weight of the solid content of Somashif ME is used as a dispersing agent, AQUALIC HL415 (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.). 1 part by weight of a sodium salt of polyacrylic acid (average molecular weight 10,000) was added as a solid content and stirred for 20 minutes with a homogenizer. Then, using the resins shown in Table 2, purification of Somaschif ME and mixing with the resin were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 using the method shown in Table 1 to obtain a coating composition. The subsequent operations were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 and evaluated.
[0077]
(Comparative Example 9)
Somasif ME was immersed in ion-exchanged water at a concentration of 1.5% by weight for 5 days, and once dried, it was used. In this case, the water-soluble polymer solution having a solid content concentration of 3.5% by weight is stirred for 20 minutes using a homogenizer so that the solid content concentration of Somasif ME is 1.5% by weight. Prepared. The subsequent operations were performed and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0078]
[Table 2]
[0079]
【The invention's effect】
Since the gas barrier film according to the present invention uses a swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral having a relative intensity of a predetermined diffraction peak, a coating composition containing this is applied to at least one surface of a thermoplastic film. In this case, the swellable synthetic fluoromica-based mineral is uniformly disposed on the thermoplastic film, and the gas barrier property of the obtained film, particularly the gas barrier property under high humidity, is further improved, and the transparency and smoothness are also excellent.
[0080]
Further, when the swellable synthetic fluoromica mineral having the relative intensity of the predetermined diffraction peak is obtained using a purification method by centrifugation or decantation, the production process becomes easy.
Claims (8)
上記の精製された膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物は、平均粒子径が0.4〜0.6μmであり、
上記の精製された膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物に含まれる副生物である非膨潤性合成フッ素雲母の含有割合は、粉末X線回折分析において、膨潤性合成フッ素雲母を示す面間隔12.4Åの回折ピーク強度に対する、非膨潤性合成フッ素雲母を示す面間隔9.6Åの回折ピークの相対強度で表したとき、2%以下であり、
かつ、上記の精製された膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物に含まれる副生成物であるクリストバライトの含有割合は、粉末X線回折分析において、膨潤性合成フッ素雲母を示す面間隔12.4Åの回折ピーク強度に対する、クリストバライトを示す面間隔4.0Åの回折ピークの相対強度で表したとき、20%以下であるガスバリア性フィルム。A film obtained by coating a coating composition containing a water-soluble polymer and a purified swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral on at least one surface of a thermoplastic film ,
The purified swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral has an average particle size of 0.4 to 0.6 μm,
The content ratio of the non-swellable synthetic fluorinated mica, which is a by-product contained in the purified swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral, is determined by a powder X-ray diffraction analysis with a surface spacing of 12.4 mm indicating the swellable synthetic fluorinated mica. When expressed in terms of the relative intensity of the diffraction peak with a spacing of 9.6 mm indicating the non-swelling synthetic fluorine mica with respect to the diffraction peak intensity, it is 2% or less.
And the content rate of cristobalite which is a by-product contained in said refine | purified swellable synthetic fluorine mica type | system | group mineral is the diffraction peak of the surface interval of 12.4Å which shows a swelling synthetic fluorine mica in powder X-ray diffraction analysis. A gas barrier film that is 20% or less when expressed by the relative intensity of a diffraction peak having a surface interval of 4.0 mm indicating cristobalite with respect to the intensity .
(A−B)/A×100≧90 (1)
(上記式において、Aは、上記メスシリンダー中の上記膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物の全量(重量部)を示し、Bは、完全沈降した粒子の量(重量部)を示す。)Add the above-mentioned swellable synthetic fluoromica mineral to 1.5% by weight in ion-exchanged water, and stir for 20 minutes using a homogenizer to fully disperse the 50 ml aqueous dispersion. The gas barrier film according to claim 1 or 2 , which satisfies the following formula (1) when the amount of particles completely settled on the bottom surface of the container is measured after 6 hours have passed after being placed in a cylinder.
(A−B) / A × 100 ≧ 90 (1)
(In the above formula, A represents the total amount (parts by weight) of the swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral in the graduated cylinder, and B represents the amount (parts by weight) of the completely settled particles.)
上記の精製膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物に含まれる副生物である非膨潤性合成フッ素雲母の含有割合は、粉末X線回折分析において、膨潤性合成フッ素雲母を示す面間隔12. The content ratio of the non-swellable synthetic fluorinated mica, which is a by-product contained in the purified swellable synthetic fluorinated mica-based mineral, is determined by the interplanar spacing of the swellable synthetic fluorinated mica in powder X-ray diffraction analysis. 4Åの回折ピーク強度に対する、非膨潤性合成フッ素雲母を示す面間隔9.6Åの回折ピークの相対強度で表したとき、2%以下であり、When expressed in terms of the relative intensity of the diffraction peak with a spacing of 9.6 mm indicating the non-swelling synthetic fluorine mica with respect to the diffraction peak intensity of 4 mm,
かつ、上記の精製膨潤性合成フッ素雲母系鉱物に含まれる副生成物であるクリストバライトの含有割合は、粉末X線回折分析において、膨潤性合成フッ素雲母を示す面間隔12.4Åの回折ピーク強度に対する、クリストバライトを示す面間隔4.0Åの回折ピークの相対強度で表したとき、20%以下であるガスバリア性フィルムの製造方法。 And the content rate of cristobalite which is a by-product contained in said refinement | purification swelling synthetic | combination synthetic | combination fluorine mica type | system | group mineral is with respect to the diffraction peak intensity | strength of the surface interval of 12.4mm which shows a swelling synthetic fluorine mica in powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The method for producing a gas barrier film, which is 20% or less when expressed by the relative intensity of a diffraction peak having a surface interval of 4.0 mm indicating cristobalite.
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