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JP4055962B2 - Piano soundboard - Google Patents
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JP4055962B2 - Piano soundboard - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4055962B2
JP4055962B2 JP05288896A JP5288896A JP4055962B2 JP 4055962 B2 JP4055962 B2 JP 4055962B2 JP 05288896 A JP05288896 A JP 05288896A JP 5288896 A JP5288896 A JP 5288896A JP 4055962 B2 JP4055962 B2 JP 4055962B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
soundboard
core material
spruce
piano
board
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JP05288896A
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JPH09244625A (en
Inventor
甫 林田
英嗣 富永
浩之 矢野
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Yamaha Corp
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Yamaha Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ピアノの響板に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ピアノの響板は、弦の振動を音に変換する役目を果たすもので、その材質、構造、支柱への取付構造等の良否がピアノの音質、音量等、言い換えれば音響特性を決定するものである。このため、従来の響板としては、アップライトピアノの場合、図3に示すように枠体に貼り込まれている。すなわち、同図において、1は板状に形成された響板で、その表面には図示しない弦の振動を響板1に伝達する長駒2および短駒3が接合されている。これらの長駒2と短駒3は、響板1の木理方向(矢印A方向)に延在するように接合されている。一方、響板1の裏面側には、複数本の響棒4が響板1の木理方向に適宜な間隔をおいて接合されている。響棒4は、木理方向と直交する方向(矢印B方向)に長く延在し、弦の振動を木理方向と直交する方向に伝達する機能と、響板1の強度部材としての機能を有している。そして、このような響板1は枠体本体5に周縁部が貼り込まれ、中央部が表面側に緩やかに反るクラウンを付与されている。なお、6は大土台である。
【0003】
このような響板の構造としては、主なものとして、図3〜図5に示す3つのタイプのものが一般的である。すなわち、図3に示す響板1は、スプルース材、エゾ松などの松材からなるむく材7a〜7jを幅方向に矧ぎ合わせて製作したものである(特公平2−713号公報、特公昭44−20063号公報等)。図4(a)、(b)に示す響板は、南洋材等を例えば3プライに積層して合板8(芯材)とし、この合板8の表裏面に化粧板9をそれぞれ接着して製作したものである。一方、図5に示す響板1は、単板の継ぎ矧ぎによって形成した芯材10の表裏面に化粧板9をそれぞれ接着したものである(特開平7−230274号公報、実公昭60−68591号公報等)。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記した従来の響板においては、いずれも以下に述べるように一長一短があった。すなわち、図3に示したスプルース、エゾ松などの良質なむく材を矧ぎ合わせて形成した響板は、音響的に優れた性質を有するが、高価である。
【0005】
図4に示した合板8の芯材の表裏面に化粧板を貼って構成した積層合板製の響板や、図5に示した単板を矧ぎ合わせて芯材とし、表裏に化粧板を貼って構成した響板は、図3に示した響板に比べて外観を気にせず安価な材料を使用できるのでコスト的なメリットはあるものの、芯材や化粧板の材料選択如何で各材料固有の性質により音響特性が変わり、一定以上の音質的に優れた音響特性を得られる響板を安定して作ることは困難であった。
【0006】
例えば、上記した特開平7−230274号公報に開示された響板のように、芯材としてラワン材を用い、その表裏面にシナ材からなる化粧板を接着して製作すると、市販の建材を用いることができるので、一層安価に製作することができるものの、所望の音響特性が得られなくなる。上記公報の実施例のようにシナ材の板厚を0.4〜0.6mmとし、響板全体の厚さを5.5mmとすると、その音響特性としては全く低いものとなる。これは、スプルース材などの松材に比べてこのように構成された合板製響板は弾性波伝播速度(EL /γ)1/2 が小さく、内部損失tanδL が大きいことによる。ここで、EL は繊維方向(L方向)の動的ヤング率、γは密度である。
【0007】
本発明は上記した従来の問題点を解決するためになされたもので、その目的とするところは、資源的に比較的豊富で安価に入手することが可能な木材をスプルース材の代替木材として用いることにより、音響特性の優れたピアノの響板を安定して提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため本発明は、中芯材が複数のファルカタ材の単板でなり、該中芯材の表裏面に化粧板を接着した合板からなることを特徴とする。また、本発明は、中芯材と化粧板の木理方向が略平行であることを特徴とする。
【0009】
本発明において、中芯材としてのファルカタ材は、パルプ用材として注目されている早成樹であり、資源的に比較的豊富で、安価にしかも入手し易い。また、その繊維方向の弾性波伝播速度と内部損失は、スプルース材の値に近く、響板の音響特性上からも何等問題がない。
また、本発明においては、中芯材と化粧板の木理方向が略平行であるため、むく材と同様な異方性をもち、弾性波伝播速度と内部損失がスプルース材と略同等な値となる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を図面に示す実施の形態に基づいて詳細に説明する。
図1は本発明に係るピアノの響板の一実施の形態を示す一部を破断した正面図、図2は同響板の断面図である。これらの図において、ピアノの響板20は、ファルカタ材からなる中芯材21の表裏面に化粧板22を接着した合板で製作されている。中芯材21は、ファルカタ材からなる複数枚の単板を長手方向においてフィンガージョイント23により接合し、側面方向に矧ぎ合わせて製作される。中芯材21の木理方向(矢印A方向)は、単板の長手方向と一致している。
【0011】
ファルカタ材は、ニューギニア、ニューブリテイン、マルタ諸島等に植栽されている南洋材の一種で、パルプの有用樹種として注目されており、比較的安価で入手が容易である。また、著しい早成樹であり、5〜6年の周期で伐採しては植えられる樹種であるから、伐採による弊害の心配も少なく、安定した供給が得られる資源といえる。さらに、ファルカタ材は音響的にも優れた特性を有し、スプルース材の代替材料として好適である。すなわち、響板材料としては、繊維方向(L方向)の弾性波伝播速度(EL /γ)1/2 、内部損失tanδL が重要な意味をもつが、ファルカタ材の弾性波伝播速度(EL /γ)1/2 および内部損失tanδL は、表1に示すようにラワン材に比べて遥かにスプルース材に近い。
【0012】
【表1】

Figure 0004055962
【0013】
化粧板22としては、スプルース材、えぞ松等の松材が用いられ、その木理方向を中芯材21の木理方向と略平行に接着される。このように中芯材21と化粧板22の木理方向を平行に接着すると、むくの響板と同様に繊維方向とそれに直交する方向(R方向)の異方性が明確になり、弾性波伝播速度(EL /γ)1/2 および内部損失tanδL を表1に示すようにシトカスプルース材からなる響板と同等な値とすることができる。
【0014】
ピアノの音質を決定する因子として響板の曲げ剛性が特に重要であり(実用上は、L方向またはR方向の梁の曲げ剛性ELIまたはERIで代用してかまわない。ここで、EL ,ER はそれぞれL方向、R方向の動的ヤング率、Iは断面二次モーメントである)、響板20の板厚としては、スプルース材からなる響板と曲げ剛性(ELI またはERI )が同じ程度になるように決定されることが望ましい。例として、中芯材21の板板厚を9mm、化粧板22の板厚を0.5mmとすると、音響特性が良好な響板を実現できる。
なお、中芯材21と化粧板22からなる積層材の曲げ剛性EIは、中芯材21の曲げ剛性をE1 I1 、化粧板22の曲げ剛性をE2 I2 とすると、EI=E1 I1 +E2 I2 として見積もることができる。
【0015】
このような構造からなる響板20にあっては、中芯材21がファルカタ材であり、その表裏面にスプルース材などの松材からなる化粧板22を木理方向を略一致させて接着したので、従来のスプルース材からなる響板と同程度で、芯材がラワン材からなる響板よりも優れた音響特性を有する響板を実現することができる。また、ファルカタ材は、資源的に問題がなく、スプルース材の代替材料として安価にしかも容易に入手することができる。
【0016】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明に係るピアノの響板は、中芯材が複数のファルカタ材の単板でなり、該中芯材の表裏面に化粧板を接着して構成したので、安価にまた容易に入手することができる。また、パルプ用材として用いられているファルカタ材は、弾性波伝播速度と内部損失がスプルース材並の値であるため、音響特性上何等問題がなく、響板用に転用することができる。
また、本発明は、中芯材と化粧板の木理方向を略平行にしてあるので、繊維方向とそれと直交する方向との異方性が明確で、むくの響板が有しているような異方性をもたせることができる。その結果、響板としての弾性波伝播速度と内部損失がスプルース材からなる従来の響板と同程度となり、音響特性の優れた響板を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明に係るピアノの響板の一実施の形態を示す一部を破断した正面図である。
【図2】 同響板の断面図である。
【図3】 従来のアップライトの響板を示す斜視図である。
【図4】 (a)は従来の積層合板からなる響板の一部を破断した正面図、(b)は断面図である。
【図5】 (a)は従来の他の積層合板からなる響板の一部を破断した正面図、(b)は断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1…響板、2…長駒、3…短駒、4…響棒、5…支柱本体、6大土台、8…合板、9…化粧板、10…芯材、20…響板、21…中芯材、22…化粧板。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a piano soundboard.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The sound board of the piano plays the role of converting the vibration of the strings into sound, and the quality of its material, structure, mounting structure to the column, etc. determines the sound quality, volume, etc. of the piano, in other words, the acoustic characteristics. is there. For this reason, as a conventional soundboard, in the case of an upright piano, it is affixed on the frame as shown in FIG. That is, in the figure, reference numeral 1 is a sound board formed in a plate shape, and a long piece 2 and a short piece 3 for transmitting vibration of a string (not shown) to the sound board 1 are joined to the surface. The long piece 2 and the short piece 3 are joined so as to extend in the grain direction (arrow A direction) of the soundboard 1. On the other hand, on the back surface side of the soundboard 1, a plurality of soundbars 4 are joined at appropriate intervals in the direction of the soundboard 1. The sounding bar 4 extends long in the direction perpendicular to the wood direction (arrow B direction), and transmits the vibration of the string in the direction perpendicular to the wood direction, and functions as a strength member of the sound board 1. Have. Such a soundboard 1 has a peripheral portion stuck to the frame body 5 and a central portion with a crown that gently warps to the surface side. Reference numeral 6 denotes a large base.
[0003]
As the structure of such a soundboard, three types shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 are generally used. That is, the soundboard 1 shown in FIG. 3 is produced by rowing strips 7a to 7j made of pine materials such as spruce material and Ezo pine in the width direction (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-713, Japanese Patent Publication Akira). No. 44-20063). The soundboards shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are manufactured by laminating south sea materials or the like on, for example, 3 plies to form a plywood 8 (core material), and bonding a decorative board 9 to the front and back surfaces of the plywood 8 respectively. It is a thing. On the other hand, the soundboard 1 shown in FIG. 5 is obtained by adhering a decorative plate 9 to the front and back surfaces of a core material 10 formed by joining single plates (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-230274, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 60-). 68591).
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, each of the above-mentioned conventional soundboards has advantages and disadvantages as described below. That is, the soundboard formed by rowing together high-quality strips such as spruce and pine pine shown in FIG. 3 has excellent acoustic properties but is expensive.
[0005]
A laminated sound board made of laminated plywood constructed by pasting a decorative board on the front and back surfaces of the core material of the plywood 8 shown in FIG. 4 or a single board shown in FIG. The soundboard constructed by pasting it is cheaper than the soundboard shown in FIG. 3 and can be used at low cost, so there is a cost advantage, but each material depends on the choice of material for the core and decorative board. The acoustic characteristics vary depending on the inherent properties, and it has been difficult to stably produce a soundboard that can obtain acoustic characteristics excellent in sound quality above a certain level.
[0006]
For example, as in the sound board disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-230274, when a lauan material is used as a core material and a decorative plate made of a Chinese material is bonded to the front and back surfaces, a commercially available building material is obtained. Since it can be used, it can be manufactured at a lower cost, but the desired acoustic characteristics cannot be obtained. If the thickness of the Chinese material is 0.4 to 0.6 mm and the thickness of the entire soundboard is 5.5 mm as in the embodiment of the above publication, the acoustic characteristics are quite low. This is because the plywood soundboard constructed in this way has a smaller elastic wave propagation velocity (EL / γ) 1/2 and a larger internal loss tan δL than pine materials such as spruce material. Here, EL is the dynamic Young's modulus in the fiber direction (L direction), and γ is the density.
[0007]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described conventional problems, and the object of the present invention is to use wood that is relatively abundant in resources and can be obtained at low cost as an alternative wood for spruce. Accordingly, the object is to stably provide a piano soundboard having excellent acoustic characteristics.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is characterized in that the core material is a single plate of a plurality of Falkata materials , and a plywood having a decorative plate bonded to the front and back surfaces of the core material . Further, the present invention is characterized in that the wood direction of the core material and the decorative board are substantially parallel.
[0009]
In the present invention, the Falkata material as a core material is an early mature tree that is attracting attention as a pulp material, is relatively abundant in resources, is inexpensive, and is easily available. Moreover, the elastic wave propagation velocity and internal loss in the fiber direction are close to the value of the spruce material, and there is no problem in terms of the acoustic characteristics of the soundboard.
Further, in the present invention, since the grain direction of the core material and the decorative board is substantially parallel, it has anisotropy similar to that of the peeled material, and the elastic wave propagation velocity and internal loss are substantially the same values as the spruce material. It becomes.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments shown in the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway front view showing an embodiment of a piano soundboard according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the soundboard. In these drawings, a piano soundboard 20 is made of plywood in which a decorative plate 22 is bonded to the front and back surfaces of a core material 21 made of a Falkata material. The middle core material 21 is manufactured by joining a plurality of single plates made of a Falkata material by finger joints 23 in the longitudinal direction and stitching them together in the side surface direction. The grain direction (arrow A direction) of the middle core material 21 coincides with the longitudinal direction of the single plate.
[0011]
Falkata wood is a kind of southern sea wood planted in New Guinea, New Britain, Malta Islands, etc., and has attracted attention as a useful pulp species, and is relatively inexpensive and easily available. In addition, it is a very early mature tree, and it is a tree species that can be planted after being harvested every 5 to 6 years. Further, the Falkata material has excellent acoustic characteristics and is suitable as a substitute material for the spruce material. That is, as the soundboard material, the elastic wave propagation velocity (EL / γ) 1/2 in the fiber direction (L direction) 1/2 and the internal loss tan δL are important. ) 1/2 and internal loss tan δL are much closer to the spruce material than the Lauan material as shown in Table 1.
[0012]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004055962
[0013]
As the decorative board 22, a pine material such as spruce material or pine pine is used, and its wood direction is bonded substantially parallel to the wood direction of the middle core material 21. Thus, when the wood direction of the core material 21 and the decorative board 22 is bonded in parallel, the anisotropy between the fiber direction and the direction (R direction) perpendicular to the fiber direction becomes clear, as in the case of the peeled sound board. As shown in Table 1, the propagation velocity (EL / γ) 1/2 and the internal loss tan δL can be set to values equivalent to those of a soundboard made of a sitka spruce material.
[0014]
The bending stiffness of the soundboard is particularly important as a factor that determines the sound quality of the piano (in practice, the bending stiffness ELI or ERI of the beam in the L direction or the R direction may be substituted. The dynamic Young's modulus in the L direction and the R direction, I is the moment of inertia of the cross section), and the soundboard 20 has the same thickness as the soundboard made of spruce material and bending rigidity (ELI or ERI). It is desirable to be determined as follows. As an example, if the thickness of the core material 21 is 9 mm and the thickness of the decorative plate 22 is 0.5 mm, a soundboard with good acoustic characteristics can be realized.
Note that the bending rigidity EI of the laminated material composed of the core material 21 and the decorative board 22 is EI = E1 I1 + E2 I2 where E1 I1 is the bending rigidity of the core material 21 and E2 I2 is the bending rigidity of the decorative board 22. Can be estimated.
[0015]
In the soundboard 20 having such a structure, the core material 21 is a Falkata material, and a decorative board 22 made of pine material such as spruce material is adhered to the front and back surfaces thereof with the grain direction being substantially coincided. Therefore, it is possible to realize a soundboard having an acoustic characteristic that is comparable to that of a soundboard made of a conventional spruce material and has a core material that is superior to a soundboard made of a lauan material. Further, the Falkata material has no problem in terms of resources, and can be easily obtained at a low cost as an alternative material for the spruce material.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the piano soundboard according to the present invention, the core material is a single plate made of a plurality of Falkata materials , and the decorative plate is bonded to the front and back surfaces of the core material. It can be easily obtained. Further, the Falkata material used as a pulp material has the same acoustic wave propagation velocity and internal loss as those of a spruce material, and therefore can be used for a soundboard without any problem in acoustic characteristics.
Further, in the present invention, since the wood direction of the core material and the decorative board is substantially parallel, the anisotropy between the fiber direction and the direction orthogonal thereto is clear, and the solid sound board has Anisotropy can be given. As a result, the acoustic wave propagation speed and internal loss as a soundboard are comparable to those of a conventional soundboard made of spruce material, and a soundboard having excellent acoustic characteristics can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway front view showing an embodiment of a piano soundboard according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a sound board.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a sound board of a conventional upright.
4A is a front view in which a part of a soundboard made of a conventional laminated plywood is cut away, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view.
5A is a front view in which a part of a soundboard made of another conventional laminated plywood is cut away, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Sound board, 2 ... Long piece, 3 ... Short piece, 4 ... Sound stick, 5 ... Column main body, 6 large bases, 8 ... Plywood, 9 ... Decorative board, 10 ... Core material, 20 ... Sound board, 21 ... Medium core material, 22 ... decorative board.

Claims (2)

中芯材が複数のファルカタ材の単板でなり、該中芯材の表裏面に化粧板を接着した合板からなることを特徴としたピアノの響板。A piano soundboard characterized in that the core material is a single plate of a plurality of Falkata materials , and is composed of a plywood having a decorative plate bonded to the front and back surfaces of the core material . 請求項1記載のピアノの響板において、中芯材と化粧板の木理方向が略平行であることを特徴とするピアノの響板。  2. The piano sound board according to claim 1, wherein the grain direction of the middle core material and the decorative board is substantially parallel.
JP05288896A 1996-03-11 1996-03-11 Piano soundboard Expired - Fee Related JP4055962B2 (en)

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EP1182642B1 (en) * 2000-08-23 2005-11-09 Martin Schleske Soundboard made with fibre composite
US7662457B2 (en) 2006-06-26 2010-02-16 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Wood composite material containing strands of differing densities
US7993736B2 (en) 2006-06-26 2011-08-09 Huber Engineered Woods Llc Wood composite material containing strands of differing densities
CN102750935B (en) * 2012-07-31 2014-05-07 胡坤灵 Piano allow and manufacture method thereof
CN104318914A (en) * 2014-10-27 2015-01-28 成都川雅木业有限公司 Splicing structure and splicing process of piano soundboard

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