JP4060123B2 - Method for suppressing protein deactivation - Google Patents
Method for suppressing protein deactivation Download PDFInfo
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- JP4060123B2 JP4060123B2 JP2002147371A JP2002147371A JP4060123B2 JP 4060123 B2 JP4060123 B2 JP 4060123B2 JP 2002147371 A JP2002147371 A JP 2002147371A JP 2002147371 A JP2002147371 A JP 2002147371A JP 4060123 B2 JP4060123 B2 JP 4060123B2
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- surfactant
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 title claims description 28
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title claims description 28
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000007893 endotoxin activity Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M sodium cholate Chemical group [Na+].C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 NRHMKIHPTBHXPF-TUJRSCDTSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UMCMPZBLKLEWAF-BCTGSCMUSA-N 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C([C@H]1C[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 UMCMPZBLKLEWAF-BCTGSCMUSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002114 octoxynol-9 Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000185 sucrose group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 41
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 24
- 102000004411 Antithrombin III Human genes 0.000 description 22
- 108090000935 Antithrombin III Proteins 0.000 description 22
- 229960005348 antithrombin iii Drugs 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 101000577630 Homo sapiens Vitamin K-dependent protein S Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 229940096437 Protein S Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 102000029301 Protein S Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010066124 Protein S Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 102000052932 human PROS1 Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 229940099815 human protein s Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229920002684 Sepharose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004019 antithrombin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006167 equilibration buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- PXEDJBXQKAGXNJ-QTNFYWBSSA-L disodium L-glutamate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC([O-])=O PXEDJBXQKAGXNJ-QTNFYWBSSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229940073490 sodium glutamate Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;hydron;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCC(N)(CO)CO QKNYBSVHEMOAJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002271 DEAE-Sepharose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010076282 Factor IX Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000757319 Homo sapiens Antithrombin-III Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010093965 Polymyxin B Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101800004937 Protein C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000017975 Protein C Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LZCZIHQBSCVGRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenecarboximidamide;hydron;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].NC(=[NH2+])C1=CC=CC=C1 LZCZIHQBSCVGRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011067 equilibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002031 ethanolic fraction Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000052834 human SERPINC1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229960004336 human antithrombin iii Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006008 lipopolysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000024 polymyxin B Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004952 protein activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960000856 protein c Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FHHPUSMSKHSNKW-SMOYURAASA-M sodium deoxycholate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC([O-])=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 FHHPUSMSKHSNKW-SMOYURAASA-M 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、エンドトキシンを含むタンパク質溶液をエンドトキシン活性の低減を目的として界面活性剤で処理する際、目的タンパク質の失活を抑制する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
エンドトキシンはグラム陰性菌の細胞膜構成成分であるリポ多糖とタンパク質の複合体であり、哺乳動物の体内に入ると動物を発熱させたり毒性を示す物質である。
タンパク質を医薬品として用いる場合や、タンパク質を動物試験に用いる場合、使用に先立ちそのタンパク質溶液がエンドトキシンを含まないようにするか、または含まれているエンドトキシンを除去または不活化することが重要である。しかし、タンパク質溶液中にエンドトキシンが含まれないようにするとか、含まれている場合にそれを除去または不活化することは容易なことではない。
【0003】
従来エンドトキシンを除去する方法としては、分画法、陰イオン交換体などを用いたクロマトグラフィー法など、エンドトキシンと目的タンパク質にそれぞれ異なった挙動をとらせることによりエンドトキシンをタンパク質から分画する方法が知られている。また、エンドトキシンに特異的親和性を持つ、例えばポリミキシンBをリガンドとしたクロマトグラフィーを用いることも効果的である。しかしこれらの方法ではエンドトキシン画分と目的タンパク質画分を完全に分離することは難しい。
一方、エンドトキシンを失活化する方法としては、タンパク質溶液を熱、酸、アルカリ、ある種の界面活性剤で処理する等の方法があげられる。しかし、これらの処理は多くの場合、目的とするタンパク質が致命的かつ不可逆的なダメージを受けてしまう。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、タンパク質溶液中に含まれるエンドトキシンの活性を界面活性剤を用いて低減する工程において、エンドトキシンの活性を減弱化し、目的とするタンパク質の活性をなるべく高く保持できる方法を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記課題を解決するため、界面活性剤処理による目的タンパク質の変性を抑制する物質について種々研究を重ねた結果、処理時にアミノ酸、糖類またはポリオールを存在させることによってタンパク質が安定化させられることを知見し、さらに検討を重ねて本発明を完成した。
【0006】
すなわち本発明は、
(1)エンドトキシンを含むタンパク質溶液をエンドトキシン活性の低減を目的として界面活性剤で処理する際、アミノ酸、糖類およびポリオールから選ばれた少なくとも一種を存在させることを特徴とするタンパク質の失活を抑制する方法、
(2)界面活性剤が陰イオン界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤または非イオン界面活性剤である(1)記載の方法、
(3)界面活性剤がステロイド骨格を持つ化合物を主成分とする界面活性剤である(1)記載の方法、
(4)界面活性剤が、コール酸ナトリウム、3−[(3−コールアミドプロピル)ジメチルアンモニオ]−1−プロパンスルホン酸(CHAPS)またはポリオキシエチレンオクチルフェニルエーテルである(1)記載の方法、
(5)界面活性剤の濃度が0.5〜5w/v%である(1)記載の方法、
(6)アミノ酸の濃度が5〜20w/v%である(1)記載の方法、
(7)アミノ酸がグルタミン酸、リジンまたはグリシンである(1)または(6)記載の方法、
(8)糖類の濃度が5〜50w/v%である(1)記載の方法、
(9)糖類がショ糖またはマンニトールである(1)または(8)記載の方法、
(10)ポリオールの濃度が5〜50w/v%である(1)記載の方法、
(11)ポリオールがエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコールまたはグリセロールである(1)または(10)記載の方法、および
(12)(1)記載の界面活性剤による処理の後に、タンパク質溶液を限外ろ過膜を用いて界面活性剤を除去することを特徴とするタンパク質含有水溶液の調製方法、
である。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
界面活性剤処理の対象となるエンドトキシン含有タンパク質としては、たとえば血漿タンパク質、遺伝子組換え生産タンパク質等があり、特に自体生理活性を有するタンパク質としては、たとえばトロンビン、アンチトロンビン、血液凝固第IX因子、プロテインC、プロテインSなど、原料またはいずれかの精製工程においてエンドトキシンが混入してくる可能性のあるタンパク質が挙げられる。
安定化剤として使用するアミノ酸の種類は特に限定されないが、グルタミン酸、リジン、グリシン等が好ましい。その濃度は5〜20w/v%が適当である。
糖類としてはたとえば単糖、二糖、寡糖、糖アルコールなどが用いられ、その代表的な例として、たとえばショ糖、マンニトールなどが挙げられる。その濃度は5〜50w/v%が適当である。
【0008】
ポリオールとしてはたとえばエチレングリコール、分子量1,000〜20,000のポリエチレングリコール、グリセロール等が例示され、それらの濃度は、5〜50w/v%が適当である。
界面活性剤の種類は特に限定されないが、陰イオン界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、非イオン界面活性剤が好ましく、特に好ましいものとしてコール酸ナトリウム、デオキシコール酸ナトリウム、3−[(3−コールアミドプロピル)ジメチルアンモニオ]−1−プロパンスルホン酸(CHAPS)などの分子中にステロイド骨格を持つ界面活性剤や、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルフェニルエーテルなどの非イオン界面活性剤などが挙げられる。タンパク質溶液中の界面活性剤の使用濃度は0.5〜5w/v%程度が適当である。
【0009】
界面活性剤によるエンドトキシンの失活化反応の反応温度、反応時間、pH等の条件は、目的とするタンパク質の安定性に従い決定すればよいが、通常反応温度は、4〜25℃、反応時間は1分〜24時間程度、pH範囲は5〜9程度である。反応液は必要により撹拌することができる。
添加した界面活性剤を除去する場合は、沈澱法、透析法、限外ろ過法等が好ましい。
限外ろ過膜の分画分子量は、界面活性剤の大きさ、ミセルの状態、限界ミセル濃度、目的タンパク質の大きさなどの情報から総合的に判断すればよい。
本発明は、タンパク質が高濃度の界面活性剤に曝露された場合のタンパク質の失活化を極力防ぐための方法を提供することにある。そのため、高濃度の界面活性剤にタンパク質が曝露される環境ならば、エンドトキシンの失活化を目的とすることに限らず使用することができる。その一例として、ウイルス不活化を目的とした溶媒・洗浄剤処理(S/D処理)が挙げられる。この場合は、タンパク質の失活化の程度とウイルス不活化の程度を総合的に評価し、条件を設定すればよい。
【0010】
【実施例】
以下実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明する。
実施例1
ヒト・アンチトロンビン-IIIの安定化剤の効果実験
(1)アンチトロンビン−IIIの調製
コーン低温エタノール分画の上清I約17.5リットルを400mLのDEAE陰イオン交換体により処理した後、未吸着画分をプールとして集めた。0.02Mのリン酸緩衝液(pH7.3)で前もって平衡化したヘパリン−セファロースゲル約370mLを充填したカラムに前述のプール画分を負荷した。引き続き、0.02Mのリン酸緩衝液、0.3M塩化ナトリウム溶液(pH7.3)3.0リットルで洗浄した後、0.02Mリン酸緩衝液、2.0M塩化ナトリウム溶液(pH7.3)3.0リットルでアンチトロンビン−IIIを溶出した。
【0011】
ついで、ヘパリン−セファーロースゲルから溶出したアンチトロンビン−III画分を限外ろ過装置(ポール社製 分画分子量10kDa)を用い、0.1M以下の塩濃度になるよう脱塩し、約200mLになるまで濃縮した。
前記画分を0.01Mのリン酸緩衝液(pH7.0)で約1.0リットルに希釈した。前もって0.01Mのリン酸緩衝液(pH7.0)で平衡化したQ−セファロースFFゲル(トリメチルアミノメチル/アガロース、アマシャムバイオサイエンス社製)約340mLに前述の希釈液を負荷した。次いで、0.01Mのリン酸緩衝液、0.12M塩化ナトリウム溶液(pH7.0)を6.0リットル送液して洗浄した後、0.01Mのリン酸緩衝液、0.17M塩化ナトリウム溶液(pH7.0)を3.0リットル送液しアンチトロンビン−IIIを溶出した。
【0012】
この溶出画分をさらに精製するため、再度ヘパリン−セファロースゲル処理を行った。0.02Mのリン酸緩衝液(pH7.3)で前もって平衡化したヘパリン−セファロースゲル約370mLを充填したカラムに前述のQ−セファロースFFゲルの溶出液を負荷した。引き続き、0.02Mのリン酸緩衝液、0.3M塩化ナトリウム溶液(pH7.3)3.0リットルで洗浄した後、0.02Mのリン酸緩衝液、2.0M塩化ナトリウム溶液(pH7.3)3.0リットルでアンチトロンビン−IIIを溶出した。
得られたアンチトロンビン−III溶液のうち300mLを限外ろ過膜(セントリプレップ−10 ミリポア社製)を用いて、20mMクエン酸ナトリウム、150mM塩化ナトリウム溶液(pH7.0)によりバッファーを交換した。得られた溶液中のアンチトロンビン−IIIの活性は120IU/mLであった。
【0013】
(2)エンドトキシンを含むアンチトロンビン−III溶液の調製
得られたアンチトロンビン−III溶液1mLに、終濃度約100IU/mL程度となるよう、エンドトキシン溶液を添加した。さらに、アンチトロンビン活性が約5IU/mLとなるよう前記バッファーで希釈し、4℃に冷却した。
一方、表1の終濃度となるよう、pH調整を行ったグルタミン酸ナトリウム、ショ糖、グリセロールの前述バッファー溶解液に、終濃度1w/v%となるよう5w/v%コール酸ナトリウム溶液を添加し、4℃に冷却した。これを界面活性剤を含む安定化剤溶液とした。
次に、前述のエンドトキシン含有アンチトロンビン−III溶液0.1mLと、前述の界面活性剤含有安定化剤溶液0.9mLを混合し、すばやく且つ充分に撹拌した。次に、4℃において2時間反応させ、エンドトキシンの失活化を行った。その後速やかに、アンチトロンビン活性(テストチームATIII・2キット 第一化学薬品製)およびエンドトキシン活性(エンドスペシー 生化学工業社製)の測定を行った。被検溶液を、測定系への影響がないよう、それぞれの希釈緩衝液を用いて250または500倍に希釈し、各活性の測定を行った。この測定結果を表1に示した。界面活性剤によりエンドトキシンが全ての条件において十分に失活化していることが確認され、さらに安定化剤を含まないものに比べ、安定化剤を含有するものはアンチトロンビン活性が高率で保持され、安定化効果が奏されていることが確認された。
【0014】
【表1】
【0015】
実施例2
ヒト・プロテインSを用いた安定化剤の効果実験
(1)ヒト・プロテインS溶液の調製
ヒト血漿またはコーン分画で得たSI画分を、あらかじめ20mMトリス塩酸緩衝液(pH7.4)で平衡化したDEAE−セファロースCL6Bに負荷した。試料を負荷した後、25mM塩化ナトリウムを含む平衡化緩衝液で洗浄し、ついで300mM塩化ナトリウムを含む平衡化緩衝液で溶出し、ヒト・プロテインSを含む画分を得た。
【0016】
(2)免疫吸着クロマトグラフィーによる精製
ヒト・プロテインSを含む画分に塩酸ベンズアミジンを終濃度が1〜10mMとなるように加え、さらに塩化カルシウムを終濃度が2mMとなるように加えたのち、あらかじめ2mM塩化カルシウムおよび150mM塩化ナトリウムを含む平衡化緩衝液(pH7.4)で平衡化した。カルシウム存在下でのみヒト・プロテインSと結合する単クローン抗体を不溶化したカラムに負荷した。カラムを2mM塩化カルシウムおよび150mM塩化ナトリウムを含む平衡化緩衝液で洗浄したのち、5mMEDTA緩衝液(pH7.3)で溶出した。
得られたヒト・プロテインS溶液30mLを限外ろ過膜(セントリプレップー10:ミリポア社製)を用いて、20mMクエン酸ナトリウム150mM、塩化ナトリウム溶液(pH7.0)にてバッファー交換した。このプロテインS溶液15mLに、終濃度80EU/mL程度となるよう、エンドトキシン溶液を添加した。さらに、前記バッファーで希釈し、4℃に冷却した。
【0017】
一方、表2の終濃度となるようpH調整を行った各安定化剤の前述バッファー溶解液に、終濃度1w/v%となるよう5w/v%CHAPS溶液を添加し、4℃に冷却した。これを界面活性剤を含む安定化剤溶液とした。
次に、前述のエンドトキシン含有プロテインS溶液1mLと、前述の界面活性剤含有安定化剤溶液1mLを混合し、素早く、且つ十分に撹拌した。4℃において17時間反応させ、エンドトキシンの失活化を行った。その後速やかに、プロテインS活性(スタクロット プロテインS:ロッシュ・ダイアグノスティックス社製)およびエンドトキシン活性(エンドスペシー;生化学工業社製)の測定を行った。被検溶液は、測定系への影響が無いようそれぞれの希釈緩衝液で10倍以上希釈した。この測定結果を表2に示した。界面活性剤によりエンドトキシンが全ての条件において十分に失活化していることが確認され、さらに安定化剤を含まないものに比べ、安定化剤を有するものにはプロテインS活性が高率で保持され、安定化効果を示していることが確認された。
【0018】
【表2】
【0019】
実施例3
実施例1と同様にして、エンドトキシン含有アンチトロンビン−III溶液を調製した。
次に安定化剤として最終濃度10w/v%のグリセロールを含み、さらに表3に示す界面活性剤を含むように調製し、これを界面活性剤含有安定化剤溶液とした。これらの液を10℃で保存した。
次に前記エンドトキシン含有アンチトロンビン−III溶液1mLと界面活性剤含有安定化剤溶液1mLを混合し、10℃、24時間反応させた後エンドトキシンの失活化を行った。その後速やかに、アンチトロンビン−III活性およびエンドトキシン活性の測定を行い、その結果を表3に示した。同じ界面活性剤を用いても、安定化剤の存否により残存アンチトロンビンIII活性に差のあることが確認された。
【0020】
【表3】
+:安定剤添加
−:安定剤無添加
【0021】
実施例4
実施例1と同様の方法で、エンドトキシン含有アンチトロンビン−III溶液を調製した。また、安定化剤として最終濃度5、10または20w/v%のグルタミン酸ナトリウム、最終濃度5、20または50w/v%ショ糖、最終濃度5、20または50w/v%のグリセロールに界面活性剤として、最終濃度1w/v%コール酸ナトリウムを加えたものを界面活性剤含有安定化剤溶液とした。これらの液を25℃で保存した。
実施例1と同様にして、前記エンドトキシン含有アンチトロンビン−III溶液0.1mLと界面活性剤含有安定化剤溶液0.9mLを混合し、エンドトキシンの失活化を行った。つづいてアンチトロンビン−IIIおよびエンドトキシン活性の測定を行い、その結果を表4に示した。この結果から、同じ安定化剤を用いても、アンチトロンビンIIIの安定効果は安定化剤の濃度に依存することが確認された。
【0022】
【表4】
【0023】
実施例5
実施例4と同様にしてエンドトキシン含有アンチトロンビン−III溶液を調製した。また、安定化剤として最終濃度20w/v%グリセロールを、界面活性剤として、最終濃度1w/v%コール酸ナトリウムを含む界面活性剤含有安定化剤液を調製した。
次いで、実施例1と同様にして、エンドトキシン含有アンチトロンビン−III溶液0.1mLと界面活性剤含有安定化剤溶液0.9mLを混合し、エンドトキシンの失活化を行った。つづいて、緩衝液で40倍に希釈した後、分画分子量10kDaの限外ろ過膜を用いて緩衝液を交換し、界面活性剤を除去した。その後、エンドトキシンおよびアンチトロンビン−IIIの活性を測定し、表5に示す結果を得た。この結果から限外ろ過膜により界面活性剤が高度に除去され、且つ界面活性剤除去後も、低エンドトキシン活性を維持していることが確認された。
【0024】
【表5】
【0025】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、エンドトキシンを含有するタンパク質を、界面活性剤で処理してエンドトキシンを不活化または活性を低減するに際して、エンドトキシンの不活化、活性低下は抑制せず、タンパク質、特にアンチトロンビン−IIIなどのように自体生理活性を有するタンパク質の失活、活性低下を極力抑制し、タンパク質の収率を高いレベルに維持することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for suppressing inactivation of a target protein when a protein solution containing endotoxin is treated with a surfactant for the purpose of reducing endotoxin activity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Endotoxin is a complex of lipopolysaccharide, which is a cell membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, and a protein, and is a substance that causes fever and toxicity when entering the body of a mammal.
When using a protein as a pharmaceutical or when using a protein for animal testing, it is important that the protein solution does not contain endotoxin or that the endotoxin contained is removed or inactivated prior to use. However, it is not easy to prevent endotoxin from being contained in the protein solution, or to remove or inactivate it if it is contained.
[0003]
Conventional methods for removing endotoxins include methods for fractionating endotoxins from proteins by causing the endotoxin and target protein to behave differently, such as fractionation and chromatography using anion exchangers. It has been. It is also effective to use chromatography having specific affinity for endotoxin, for example, polymyxin B as a ligand. However, it is difficult to completely separate the endotoxin fraction and the target protein fraction by these methods.
On the other hand, methods for inactivating endotoxin include methods such as treating a protein solution with heat, acid, alkali, and a certain surfactant. However, these treatments often cause fatal and irreversible damage to the target protein.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing the endotoxin activity in a step of reducing the endotoxin activity contained in the protein solution by using a surfactant and maintaining the target protein activity as high as possible. It is in.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have conducted various studies on substances that suppress the denaturation of the target protein by the surfactant treatment, and as a result, the protein is stabilized by the presence of amino acids, sugars or polyols during the treatment. The present invention was completed through further investigations.
[0006]
That is, the present invention
(1) When a protein solution containing endotoxin is treated with a surfactant for the purpose of reducing endotoxin activity, at least one selected from amino acids, saccharides and polyols is present to inhibit protein deactivation. Method,
(2) The method according to (1), wherein the surfactant is an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant or a nonionic surfactant,
(3) The method according to (1), wherein the surfactant is a surfactant mainly composed of a compound having a steroid skeleton.
(4) The method according to (1), wherein the surfactant is sodium cholate, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio] -1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS) or polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether. ,
(5) The method according to (1), wherein the concentration of the surfactant is 0.5 to 5 w / v%,
(6) The method according to (1), wherein the amino acid concentration is 5 to 20 w / v%,
(7) The method according to (1) or (6), wherein the amino acid is glutamic acid, lysine or glycine,
(8) The method according to (1), wherein the saccharide concentration is 5 to 50 w / v%,
(9) The method according to (1) or (8), wherein the saccharide is sucrose or mannitol,
(10) The method according to (1), wherein the polyol concentration is 5 to 50 w / v%,
(11) After the method according to (1) or (10), wherein the polyol is ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol or glycerol, and (12) the treatment with the surfactant according to (1), the protein solution is subjected to an ultrafiltration membrane. A method for preparing a protein-containing aqueous solution, wherein the surfactant is removed using
It is.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Examples of endotoxin-containing proteins to be treated with a surfactant include plasma proteins, recombinantly produced proteins, and the like. Particularly, proteins having physiological activity themselves include, for example, thrombin, antithrombin, blood coagulation factor IX, protein C, protein S, and the like, which may be contaminated with raw materials or endotoxin in any purification step.
The type of amino acid used as the stabilizer is not particularly limited, but glutamic acid, lysine, glycine and the like are preferable. The concentration is suitably 5 to 20 w / v%.
Examples of the saccharide include monosaccharides, disaccharides, sucrose, sugar alcohols and the like, and typical examples thereof include sucrose and mannitol. The concentration is suitably 5 to 50 w / v%.
[0008]
Examples of the polyol include ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1,000 to 20,000, glycerol and the like, and their concentration is suitably 5 to 50 w / v%.
The type of the surfactant is not particularly limited, but anionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and nonionic surfactants are preferable, and sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, 3-[(3-coral are particularly preferable. Examples include surfactants having a steroid skeleton in the molecule such as amidopropyl) dimethylammonio] -1-propanesulfonic acid (CHAPS), and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether. The use concentration of the surfactant in the protein solution is suitably about 0.5 to 5 w / v%.
[0009]
Conditions such as the reaction temperature, reaction time, pH, etc. of the endotoxin inactivation reaction by the surfactant may be determined according to the stability of the target protein. Usually, the reaction temperature is 4-25 ° C., and the reaction time is About 1 minute to 24 hours, pH range is about 5-9. The reaction solution can be stirred if necessary.
When removing the added surfactant, a precipitation method, a dialysis method, an ultrafiltration method and the like are preferable.
The fractional molecular weight of the ultrafiltration membrane may be comprehensively determined from information such as the surfactant size, micelle state, limit micelle concentration, and target protein size.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing protein inactivation as much as possible when the protein is exposed to a high concentration of a surfactant. Therefore, if it is the environment where protein is exposed to a high concentration surfactant, it can use not only for the purpose of inactivation of endotoxin. One example is solvent / cleaning agent treatment (S / D treatment) for virus inactivation. In this case, it is only necessary to comprehensively evaluate the degree of protein inactivation and the degree of virus inactivation and set the conditions.
[0010]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
Example 1
Experiments on the effect of human antithrombin-III stabilizer (1) Preparation of antithrombin-III About 17.5 liters of supernatant I of corn cryogenic ethanol fraction was treated with 400 mL of DEAE anion exchanger, The adsorbed fraction was collected as a pool. The aforementioned pool fraction was loaded onto a column packed with about 370 mL of a heparin-sepharose gel previously equilibrated with 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.3). Subsequently, after washing with 3.0 liters of 0.02M phosphate buffer and 0.3M sodium chloride solution (pH 7.3), 0.02M phosphate buffer and 2.0M sodium chloride solution (pH 7.3) Antithrombin-III was eluted with 3.0 liters.
[0011]
Next, the antithrombin-III fraction eluted from the heparin-Sepharose gel was desalted to a salt concentration of 0.1 M or less using an ultrafiltration device (Pole molecular weight cut off 10 kDa) to about 200 mL. Concentrated to
The fraction was diluted to about 1.0 liter with 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). About 340 mL of Q-Sepharose FF gel (trimethylaminomethyl / agarose, manufactured by Amersham Biosciences) equilibrated with 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) in advance was loaded with the above-described diluent. Next, after 6.0 L of 0.01 M phosphate buffer and 0.12 M sodium chloride solution (pH 7.0) was fed and washed, 0.01 M phosphate buffer and 0.17 M sodium chloride solution 3.0 liter of (pH 7.0) was fed to elute antithrombin-III.
[0012]
In order to further purify the eluted fraction, heparin-Sepharose gel treatment was performed again. A column packed with about 370 mL of heparin-sepharose gel previously equilibrated with 0.02 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.3) was loaded with the eluate of the above-mentioned Q-sepharose FF gel. Subsequently, after washing with 3.0 liters of 0.02 M phosphate buffer and 0.3 M sodium chloride solution (pH 7.3), 0.02 M phosphate buffer and 2.0 M sodium chloride solution (pH 7.3). ) Antithrombin-III was eluted with 3.0 liters.
Of the obtained antithrombin-III solution, 300 mL of the buffer was exchanged with 20 mM sodium citrate and 150 mM sodium chloride solution (pH 7.0) using an ultrafiltration membrane (manufactured by Centriprep-10 Millipore). The activity of antithrombin-III in the obtained solution was 120 IU / mL.
[0013]
(2) Preparation of antithrombin-III solution containing endotoxin The endotoxin solution was added to 1 mL of the obtained antithrombin-III solution so that the final concentration was about 100 IU / mL. Furthermore, it diluted with the said buffer so that antithrombin activity might be set to about 5 IU / mL, and it cooled at 4 degreeC.
On the other hand, a 5 w / v% sodium cholate solution was added to the aforementioned buffer solution of sodium glutamate, sucrose, and glycerol, which had been adjusted to have the final concentration shown in Table 1, to a final concentration of 1 w / v%. Cooled to 4 ° C. This was used as a stabilizer solution containing a surfactant.
Next, 0.1 mL of the above-mentioned endotoxin-containing antithrombin-III solution and 0.9 mL of the above-mentioned surfactant-containing stabilizer solution were mixed and rapidly and sufficiently stirred. Next, reaction was performed at 4 ° C. for 2 hours to inactivate endotoxin. Immediately thereafter, the antithrombin activity (Test Team ATIII-2 Kit, manufactured by Daiichi Chemical) and endotoxin activity (Endspecy Seikagaku Co., Ltd.) were measured. The test solution was diluted 250 or 500 times with each dilution buffer so as not to affect the measurement system, and each activity was measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 1. It was confirmed that the endotoxin was sufficiently inactivated under all conditions by the surfactant, and the antithrombin activity was retained at a higher rate for those containing the stabilizer compared to those containing no stabilizer. It was confirmed that a stabilizing effect was achieved.
[0014]
[Table 1]
[0015]
Example 2
Experiments on the effect of stabilizers using human protein S (1) Preparation of human protein S solution The SI fraction obtained from human plasma or corn fraction was previously equilibrated with 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4). DEAE-Sepharose CL6B was loaded. After loading the sample, it was washed with an equilibration buffer containing 25 mM sodium chloride, and then eluted with an equilibration buffer containing 300 mM sodium chloride to obtain a fraction containing human protein S.
[0016]
(2) Purification by immunoadsorption chromatography Benzamidine hydrochloride is added to the fraction containing human protein S to a final concentration of 1 to 10 mM, and calcium chloride is added to a final concentration of 2 mM. Equilibration was performed with an equilibration buffer (pH 7.4) containing 2 mM calcium chloride and 150 mM sodium chloride. A monoclonal antibody that binds to human protein S only in the presence of calcium was loaded onto an insolubilized column. The column was washed with equilibration buffer containing 2 mM calcium chloride and 150 mM sodium chloride, and then eluted with 5 mM EDTA buffer (pH 7.3).
The obtained human protein S solution (30 mL) was subjected to buffer exchange with 20 mM sodium citrate (150 mM) and sodium chloride solution (pH 7.0) using an ultrafiltration membrane (Centreprep 10: manufactured by Millipore). The endotoxin solution was added to 15 mL of this protein S solution so that the final concentration was about 80 EU / mL. Furthermore, it diluted with the said buffer and cooled to 4 degreeC.
[0017]
On the other hand, a 5 w / v% CHAPS solution was added to the aforementioned buffer solution of each stabilizer whose pH was adjusted to the final concentration shown in Table 2 so that the final concentration was 1 w / v%, and the solution was cooled to 4 ° C. . This was used as a stabilizer solution containing a surfactant.
Next, 1 mL of the above-mentioned endotoxin-containing protein S solution and 1 mL of the above-mentioned surfactant-containing stabilizer solution were mixed and rapidly and sufficiently stirred. The reaction was carried out at 4 ° C. for 17 hours to inactivate endotoxin. Immediately thereafter, protein S activity (Stacrot protein S: manufactured by Roche Diagnostics) and endotoxin activity (Endspecy; manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation) were measured. The test solution was diluted 10 times or more with each dilution buffer so as not to affect the measurement system. The measurement results are shown in Table 2. It was confirmed that the endotoxin was sufficiently inactivated under all conditions by the surfactant, and the protein S activity was retained at a higher rate for those having the stabilizer than those not containing the stabilizer. It was confirmed that it shows a stabilizing effect.
[0018]
[Table 2]
[0019]
Example 3
In the same manner as in Example 1, an endotoxin-containing antithrombin-III solution was prepared.
Next, glycerol having a final concentration of 10 w / v% was added as a stabilizer, and the surfactants shown in Table 3 were further prepared to obtain a surfactant-containing stabilizer solution. These solutions were stored at 10 ° C.
Next, 1 mL of the endotoxin-containing antithrombin-III solution and 1 mL of a surfactant-containing stabilizer solution were mixed and reacted at 10 ° C. for 24 hours, and then the endotoxin was inactivated. Immediately thereafter, antithrombin-III activity and endotoxin activity were measured, and the results are shown in Table 3. Even when the same surfactant was used, it was confirmed that there was a difference in the remaining antithrombin III activity depending on the presence or absence of the stabilizer.
[0020]
[Table 3]
+: Addition of stabilizer-: No addition of stabilizer
Example 4
In the same manner as in Example 1, an endotoxin-containing antithrombin-III solution was prepared. In addition, a final concentration of 5, 10 or 20 w / v% sodium glutamate as a stabilizer, a final concentration of 5, 20 or 50 w / v% sucrose, a final concentration of 5, 20 or 50 w / v% glycerol as a surfactant. A surfactant solution containing a final concentration of 1 w / v% sodium cholate was used. These solutions were stored at 25 ° C.
In the same manner as in Example 1, 0.1 mL of the endotoxin-containing antithrombin-III solution and 0.9 mL of a surfactant-containing stabilizer solution were mixed to inactivate endotoxin. Subsequently, antithrombin-III and endotoxin activity were measured, and the results are shown in Table 4. From this result, it was confirmed that even when the same stabilizer was used, the stabilizing effect of antithrombin III was dependent on the concentration of the stabilizer.
[0022]
[Table 4]
[0023]
Example 5
An endotoxin-containing antithrombin-III solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4. Further, a surfactant-containing stabilizer solution containing 20 w / v% glycerol as a final stabilizer and 1 w / v% sodium cholate as a final surfactant was prepared.
Next, in the same manner as in Example 1, 0.1 mL of the endotoxin-containing antithrombin-III solution and 0.9 mL of the surfactant-containing stabilizer solution were mixed to inactivate endotoxin. Then, after diluting 40 times with a buffer solution, the buffer solution was exchanged using an ultrafiltration membrane having a fractional molecular weight of 10 kDa, and the surfactant was removed. Thereafter, the activities of endotoxin and antithrombin-III were measured, and the results shown in Table 5 were obtained. From this result, it was confirmed that the surfactant was highly removed by the ultrafiltration membrane and that the low endotoxin activity was maintained even after the surfactant was removed.
[0024]
[Table 5]
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, when a protein containing endotoxin is treated with a surfactant to inactivate endotoxin or reduce its activity, inactivation of the endotoxin and reduction in activity are not suppressed, and proteins, particularly antithrombin-III Thus, it is possible to suppress the inactivation and decrease in activity of the protein having its own physiological activity as much as possible, and maintain the protein yield at a high level.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002147371A JP4060123B2 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2002-05-22 | Method for suppressing protein deactivation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002147371A JP4060123B2 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2002-05-22 | Method for suppressing protein deactivation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003342294A JP2003342294A (en) | 2003-12-03 |
| JP4060123B2 true JP4060123B2 (en) | 2008-03-12 |
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| JP4681455B2 (en) * | 2004-02-04 | 2011-05-11 | 田辺三菱製薬株式会社 | Paraoxonase-containing preparation |
| GB0523257D0 (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2005-12-21 | Veritron Ltd | Purification process |
| TWI856084B (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2024-09-21 | 美商建南德克公司 | Compositions and methods for stabilizing protein-containing formulations |
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