JP4063005B2 - Rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末及びその製造方法に関し、特に、磁石粉末を特定の粒度分布に揃えることで凝集度が低くなり、磁気特性が向上した希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末、また、磁石粉末を特定の装置・条件で粉砕することによって効率的に製造しうる方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
SmFeNで代表される希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石は、高性能でかつ安価な希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石として知られている。
従来、この希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石は、希土類金属と遷移金属を溶解して合金を作製する溶解法や、希土類酸化物と遷移金属からなる原料にアルカリ土類金属を還元剤として配合し、高温で希土類酸化物を金属に還元するとともに遷移金属と合金化する還元拡散法によって製造されている。しかし、溶解法では、原料として使用する希土類金属が高価であるため経済的ではなく、安価な希土類酸化物粉末を原料として利用できる還元拡散法が望ましい方法であると考えられている。
【0003】
すなわち、還元拡散法では、先ず希土類酸化物粉末原料、遷移金属粉末原料、および上記希土類酸化物の還元剤であるアルカリ土類金属を配合した混合物を、非酸化性雰囲気中において加熱焼成して希土類−遷移金属系合金を合成する。その後、得られた希土類−遷移金属系合金を湿式処理して粉末状にした後、この粉末状の希土類−遷移金属合金を窒化処理することで所望の希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石が製造される。
【0004】
この様にして得られた粉末状の希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石は、特定の粒度になるまで微粉砕処理される。この場合、希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石は、保磁力の発生機構がニュークリエーション型であることから、磁気特性の一つである減磁曲線の角型性、保磁力を高めるには、微粉砕された後の希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末の粒度を揃えることが必要とされている。
【0005】
磁石粉末の粒度を揃えるために、出発原料として微細な鉄粉や酸化鉄粉が用いられているが、例えば、共沈法で微細水酸化物を作製してから焼成して得られた微細粉末を原料粉末とし、還元拡散法で合金化し窒化することで、粉砕することなく高性能磁石粉末を製造していた。
しかしながら、この方法では、微細な鉄粉や酸化鉄粉を用いるために製造コストが高くなるし、合成時に磁石の微細粉末が凝集しやすくなり、結果として、残留磁束密度や減磁曲線の角形性が低下するという欠点を有していた。
【0006】
一方、希土類−遷移金属系磁石粉末を粉砕する場合は、通常、アトライタ等の粉砕機を用い、鉄系ボールと溶媒、磁石粉末を混合し、0.3〜1.0m/s程度の回転周速度で粉砕を行っていた。この場合、サブミクロンの微粉末が発生し粒度分布が広がってしまう傾向にあった。このため、希土類−遷移金属系磁石粉末に凝集が起こり、最終的に得られる希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末の磁気特性の低下が起こっていた。
【0007】
このため、例えば、特開平5−175022号公報では、SmFeN合金粒子の微粉砕する際、または微粉砕後の分級の際に、磁石粒子の温度を300〜650℃に保つようにして磁石粒子の凝集を防ぐ方法が提案されている。また、特開2000−34503号公報では、SmFeN合金粒子の表面をフッ素化合物皮膜、ポリシラザン硬化皮膜、酸化ケイ素皮膜、窒化ケイ素皮膜のいずれかで被覆して保護層を形成することによって、耐酸化性を向上させ、微粉同志の凝集を抑制した高磁気特性の合金粉末が提案されている。
【0008】
しかしながら、これらの方法では、製造時に温度調整や皮膜条件などをコントロールするのが難しく、製造工程も長くなり、バラツキが大きくなりやすいなどの問題があり、いずれも所望の磁気特性を有する磁石粉末を得ることが困難であった。
【0009】
このような状況下、原料の磁石粉末を微粉砕しても粉末同士の凝集度が低く、磁気特性が低下しない希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末、また、かかる磁石粉末を効率的に得ることができる製造方法が切望されていた。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、このような従来の状況に鑑み、磁石粉末を特定の粒度分布に揃えることで凝集度が低くなり、磁気特性が向上した希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末、また、磁石粉末を特定の装置・条件で粉砕することによって効率的に製造する方法を提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、希土類−遷移金属系合金粉末を窒化後、微粉砕し粉末の粒度を揃えることで、微粉末化した磁石粉末の凝集度を低く抑えることができ、さらに、媒体攪拌ミルの粉砕機を用い、磁石粉末を特定の条件で粉砕することによって、高い磁気特性を持つ磁石粉末を容易に得ることができることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0012】
すなわち、本発明の第1の発明によれば、媒体攪拌ミルにより粉砕された凝集度が低い希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末であって、希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末は、還元拡散法で製造された希土類元素を5〜40at.%、及びFeを50〜90at.%含有するSm−Fe−N合金粉末からなり、平均粒径(D50)が2〜4μmで、粒度(D20−D70)幅が4μm以下である粒度分布をもち、かつ下記の式(1)で表される凝集度(X)が4以下であることを特徴する希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末が提供される。
X=A/B …(1)
(式中、Xは凝集度、Aは、HELOS粒度分布測定装置を用いて、0.2×105Paの空気圧を噴射して解凝した後の平均粒径、Bは、3.0×105Paの空気圧を噴射して解凝した後の平均粒径を示す。)
【0015】
本発明の第2の発明によれば、第1の発明において、残留磁束密度が1.3T(13kG)以上、角形性が400kA/m(5kOe)以上、保磁力が880kA/m(11kOe)以上の磁気特性を有することを特徴する希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末が提供される。
【0016】
本発明の第3の発明によれば、第1又は2の発明に係り、平均粒径(D50)が5μmを超える希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石の粗粉末を媒体攪拌ミルの粉砕機に入れ、次いで、粉砕機の中で金属ボール又はセラミックスボールの粉砕媒体とともに回転させ、その際、粉砕媒体としてボール径が0.1〜1mmのものを用いるとともに、粉砕媒体のボール充填率を粉砕機容積の40〜70%とした上で、粉砕機の回転周速度を10〜20m/sとすることにより、希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石の粗粉末を10kg投入した時に20分間以内で微粉砕し、粉砕後ろ過することを特徴する希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末の製造方法が提供される。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末及びその製造方法について詳細に説明する。
【0019】
1.希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末
本発明に係る希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末は、微粉砕された磁石粉末の粒度が特定範囲に揃えられ、かつ粉末の凝集度が低く抑えられており、優れた磁気特性を有している磁石粉末である。
【0020】
磁石粉末は、希土類元素を含む遷移金属−窒素系磁石合金の粉末であれば、特に制限されない。希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石合金としては、例えば、希土類−鉄−窒素系の各種磁石粉末等を使用でき、希土類元素には、Sm、Gd、Tb、Ceの内、少なくとも一種あるいは、さらにPr、Nd、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Ybの内、一種以上を含むものが好ましい。中でもSmが含まれる場合、本発明の効果を著しく発揮させることが可能となる。希土類元素は、単独若しくは混合物として使用でき、その含有量は、5〜40at.%とすることが好ましい。
【0021】
遷移金属には、Co、Ni、Mnが一般的に用いられるが、特に限定はされない。遷移金属として、特に好ましくはFeを用いることができ、さらに磁気特性を損なうことなく磁石の温度特性を改善する目的で、Feの一部をCoで置換してもよい。これらの中では、特に、Feを50〜90at.%含有するものが好ましい。
【0022】
また、保磁力の向上、生産性の向上並びに低コスト化のために、Mn、Ca、Cr、Nb、Mo、Sb、Ge、Zr、V、Si、Al、Ta又はCu等から選ばれた一種以上を添加してもよい。この場合、添加量は、遷移金属全重量に対して7重量%以下とすることが望ましい。また、不可避的不純物としてCあるいはB等が5重量部%以下含有されていてもよい。
【0023】
希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石には、フェライト、アルニコなど通常、ボンド磁石の原料となる各種の磁石粉末を混合してもよく、異方性磁石粉末だけでなく、等方性磁石粉末も対象となるが、異方性磁場(HA)が、50kOe(4.0MA/m)以上の磁石粉末が好ましい。
【0024】
本発明の希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末は、平均粒径(D50)が1〜5μm、特に2〜4μmであり、かつ粒度(D20−D70)幅が5μm以下、好ましくは4μm以下の粒度分布を有するものである。平均粒径(D50)が1μm未満では凝集度を低く維持できず、ボンド磁石を形成する際、成形性が悪化するという問題がある。一方、5μmを超えると、磁気特性が低下する。また、粒度(D20−D70)幅が5μmを超えると、凝集が起こりやすく、しかも強い結合の凝集となりやすい。
【0025】
本発明の希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末の平均粒径(D50)、粒度(D20−D70)幅、すなわち粒度分布は、HELOS粒度分布測定装置を用いて測定した値である。HELOS粒度分布測定装置は、粒度分布を測定する際に、被測定粉末に一定の圧力の空気を噴射させて凝集した粉末を解凝して測定するものである。そして、このときの空気圧を分散力と呼んでいる。
【0026】
平均粒径(D50)、粒度(D20−D70)幅は、いずれも空気圧力を3.0×105Paで噴射して測定したものである。ここで、粒度(D20−D70)幅とは、粒度D20(被測定粉体の集団の全体積を100%としたとき、小径からの累積体積が20%のときの粒度)と粒度D70の差であり、粒度分布の広がり程度を示すものである。
【0027】
本発明の希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末は、下記の式(1)で表される凝集度(X)が4以下でなければならない。
X=A/B …(1)
(式中、Xは凝集度、Aは、0.2×105Paの空気圧を噴射して解凝した後の平均粒径、Bは、3.0×105Paの空気圧を噴射して解凝した後の平均粒径を示す。)
【0028】
上記のとおり、HELOS粒度分布測定装置で粒度分布を測定する際に、被測定粉末に一定の圧力の空気を噴射させて凝集した粉末を解凝して測定するに当たり、より強い圧力の空気を噴射すればより解凝が進み、ある程度以上の空気圧を超えると、もうそれ以上解凝できなくなり、その粉末の持つ凝集の程度を示す一定値に収束する。一方、空気圧を弱くしていくと、粉末どうしが弱く凝集している場合と強く凝集している場合とで解凝のされ方が異なってきて、弱く凝集している場合のほうが解凝されやすく、平均粒径は、強く凝集している場合に比較して小さくなる。
【0029】
ここで、図1を用いて、媒体攪拌ミルを粉砕機とし、ジルコニアボールの粉砕媒体で磁石粉末を微粉砕する時の凝集度を決定する方法について説明する。
図1は、本発明者らが行った実験、すなわちボール径が小さい(例えば0.5mm)粉砕媒体を用い、回転周速度を高速(例えば10m/s)にして粉砕した場合(イ)と、粉砕媒体のボール径を大きくし(例えば4mm)、回転周速度を低速(例えば2m/s)にして粉砕した場合(ロ)において、磁石粉末への分散力を変化させて平均粒径を測定し、その結果を示したものである。
【0030】
分散力を変化させると、粉末の平均粒径に差が見られ、(ロ)の方が(イ)よりも変化の度合いが大きいことが分かる。また、分散力が大きいとき(例えば33.0×105Pa)には、粉砕された磁石粉末の平均粒径に(イ)と(ロ)とで大差はないが、分散力が小さいと(例えば0.2×105Pa)、粉砕された磁石粉末の平均粒径の差が大きく広がることが明らかになった。分散力による平均粒径の変化が大きければ、凝集が強く、変化が小さくなるほど凝集が弱いといえるから、これによって磁石粉末の凝集度を示すことができるわけである。
【0031】
そこで、弱い圧力である0.2×105Paの空気圧を噴射して解凝した後の平均粒径(A)と、十分に圧力の大きい3.0×105Paの空気圧を噴射して解凝した後の平均粒径(B)との比をとれば、粉砕粉末の持つ凝集の強弱を示すことができ、本発明では、この比の値(X)を凝集度と称することにする。
【0032】
これは、式(1)の凝集度(X)が大きい時は、強い圧力の空気でしか解凝できない粉末どうしが強く結合凝集していることを示し、凝集度が小さい時は、弱い圧力の空気でも解凝できる粉末どうしが弱く結合凝集していることを示しているということになる。
【0033】
本発明では、磁石粉末の凝集度(X)が4以下であることが重要である。磁石粉末の磁化方向を配向させるときに、凝集があると配向が固定されて動かない粉末が出てしまうが、凝集がなければ粉末それぞれが容易に配向できるため磁化方向が揃いやすくなり、磁石化したときの残留磁化が向上する。磁石粉末の凝集度(X)が4を越えると、上記効果は顕著ではなくなってしまう。
本発明において、好ましい凝集度(X)は、3.95以下であり、さらに好ましくは3.90以下である。
【0034】
本発明の磁石粉末は、残留磁束密度が1.3T(13kG)以上、角形性が400kA/m(5kOe)以上、保磁力が880kA/m(11kOe)以上という優れた磁性特性を有するものである。
【0035】
2.製造方法
本発明の希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末は、還元拡散法によって得られた希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末の粗粉末を微粉砕し、特定の粉砕装置・条件で微粉砕して、特定の平均粒径、粒度分布をもつ微粉末となるように粒度を揃えることによって製造される。
【0036】
(1)希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末の調製
原料として用いる遷移金属粉末は、一般的にアトマイズ法、電解法等により製造されるが、粉末状の遷移金属であれば、その製法は限定されない。遷移金属、希土類元素、また、保磁力の向上、生産性の向上並びに低コスト化のために添加する元素は、前記のとおりである。還元剤としては、Caなどのアルカリ土類金属が用いられる。上記還元剤の粒度は、5mm以下の塊状になっていることが好ましい。
【0037】
上記希土類元素を含む希土類酸化物粉末原料と、その粒径が10μm〜100μmの範囲に粒度調整された遷移金属粉末原料および、その他原料粉末を秤量して混合し、さらに希土類元素を還元するのに十分な量の還元剤を添加し混合した後、この混合物を非酸化性雰囲気(すなわち、酸素が実質的に存在しない雰囲気)中において、還元剤が溶融する温度以上で、かつ、目的とする希土類−遷移金属系合金が溶融しない温度まで昇温保持して加熱焼成する。これにより、上記希土類酸化物が希土類元素に還元されると共に、還元時の発熱温度を用いて、この希土類元素が遷移金属に拡散され、希土類−遷移金属系合金が合成される。
【0038】
次に、この希土類−遷移金属系合金を室温まで冷却する。冷却した焙焼物を純水中に投じ、水素イオン濃度pHが10以下となるまで、攪拌とデカンテーションとを繰り返す。そして、pHがおよそ5となるまで水中に酢酸を添加し、この状態で攪拌を行う。その後、得られた希土類−遷移金属系合金を乾燥して粉末状にした後、この粉末状の希土類−遷移金属合金を窒化処理することで、所望の希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末が製造される。
【0039】
(2)磁石粉末の微粉砕
得られた希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末は、磁石粉末をビーズミル等の媒体攪拌ミル粉砕機に入れ、有機媒体、粉砕媒体によって希土類−遷移金属系合金を微粉砕する。磁石粉末を、その平均粒径(D50)が1〜5μmとなるように微粉砕し、(D20−D70幅)が5μm以下の粒度分布となるように粒度を揃え、磁石粉末の凝集度を低くすることで、優れた磁気特性の磁石粉末を製造することができる。
【0040】
本発明で磁石粉末を微粉砕するには、固体を取り扱う各種の化学工業において広く使用され、種々の材料を所望の程度に粉砕するための粉砕装置であれば、特に限定されるわけではないが、その中でも、粉末の組成や粒子径を均一にしやすい点で優れた、媒体攪拌ミル(ビーズミル)の湿式分散粉砕方法によることが好適である。
【0041】
媒体攪拌ミルは、有機溶媒中の磁石粉末を混合して形成されたスラリーを微粉砕するものであり、通常の湿式分散粉砕法に用いる媒体攪拌ミルに適用される粉砕機であれば、いかなるものでもよい。例えば、ボール、ビーズ等の粉砕媒体を充填したミルを、攪拌棒、回転ディスク等によって強制的に攪拌することにより、粉砕を行う装置が挙げられる。
【0042】
有機溶媒を装置内に入れておき、これに磁石粉末を加えてから装置を回転させてもよいし、予め有機溶媒と磁石粉末を混合機によりプレミキシングしてスラリーを形成しておき、これをポンプにより媒体攪拌ミルに送って粉砕処理してもよい。
【0043】
この媒体攪拌ミル内では、有機溶媒によって磁石粉末とボールがスラリー状態となって攪拌羽根による攪拌作用を受ける。そして、磁石粉末どうしあるいはボールとの摩擦により、磁石粉末はさらに細かく粉砕される。
本発明では、磁石粉末が凝集を起こさない条件で装置を運転するので、攪拌羽根による攪拌エネルギーは、凝集状態をほぐすために用いる必要がなく、磁石粉末を粉砕するためにのみ用いられることになり、磁石粉末は、その平均粒径(D50)が1〜5μm、粒度(D20−D70)幅の粒度分布が5μm以下となるように効率的に粉砕される。
【0044】
所望の粉末粒度や処理量に応じて、媒体攪拌ミル1台で循環処理したり、あるいは複数台を設置して連続処理を行なうこともできる。媒体攪拌ミルを複数設置する場合、ミルの型式や運転条件(メディア径、主軸回転数、吐出量等)を変化させてもよい。
【0045】
所望の粒度に達した粒子は取り出し、スクリーンへ移送して、ろ過する。ここで、割れた粉砕媒体や充分に粉砕されていない微粒(除去物)が除去された後、乾燥処理され、条件にあった磁石粉末はタンクに蓄えられる。この結果、移送中に、微粉砕された粉末どうしが凝集したり装置内の壁面に付着することを阻止することができる。
【0046】
一方、媒体攪拌ミルの一種であるビーズミルは、本発明で使用する小さな粒径の磁石粉末の粉砕に適したミルであり、バッチ法または連続法で操作される典型的なビーズミルであれば特に限定されず、垂直流動もしくは水平流動を支持するように設計された任意の装置を採用することができる。
【0047】
ビーズミルは、磁石粉末の粗粉末を粉砕媒体によって微粉砕するものであり、典型的には、シリカサンド、ガラスビーズ、セラミック媒体または鋼球を粉砕媒体として使用する粉砕機である。微粉砕された磁石粉末からの粉砕媒体の分離は、粉砕媒体と磁石粉末との間に存在する沈降速度、粒子の大きさ、もしくは両パラメータ間の差に基づいて行うことができる。ビーズミルの中には、有機溶媒を供給する。
【0048】
上記粒度分布を得るためには、希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末を、媒体攪拌ミルの粉砕機の中に、金属ボールあるいはセラミックスボールなどの粉砕媒体とともに入れ、粉砕すればよいが、その際、粉砕媒体のボール径を0.1〜1mmとし、また、粉砕機の回転周速度を10〜20m/sとして粉砕することが必要である。
【0049】
粉砕媒体のボール径が0.1mmより小さいと、粉砕能力が落ち、ボールの数が多くなることから取り扱いも面倒となり、1mmを越えると粒径の揃った粒度分布が得られ難くなる。さらに、粉砕機の回転周速度が10〜20m/sを外れると、粒度分布の揃った粉末が得られ難くなり、さらに、回転周速度10m/s未満では粉砕時間が長くかかり、20m/sを越えるとボールの摩耗が多くなってしまうので好ましくない。
【0050】
また、ボール充填率は、粉砕機容積の40〜70%とすることが望ましい。ボール充填率が40%未満では、粉砕時間が長くかかり効率が低下し、一方、70%を超えると、粉砕機に大きな動力が必要となり、ボールの摩耗も増加するので好ましくない。
【0051】
有機溶媒は、イソプロピルアルコール、エタノール、トルエン、メタノール、ヘキサン等のいずれかが使用できるが、特にイソプロピルアルコールを用いた場合、好ましい磁石粉末を得ることができる。
【0052】
ビーズミルは、比較的粉砕機の容積が小さいため、他の粉砕装置と比較すると、比較的高価で且つ消費電力も高い装置であるといえるが、上記の粉砕条件を採用することで、微粉砕処理によって不必要な微粒子を発生することなく、生成した粒子が凝集状態になったり、生成後に凝集する場合等の二次凝集の発生をも防止することができ、効率的な運転が可能となる。
【0053】
本発明の方法で製造された希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末は、平均粒径が1〜5μmで粒度分布がシャープであり、凝集度が低いため、磁気特性の一つである減磁曲線の残留磁束密度Br、角形性Hk、保磁力iHcが高い希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末を製造することが可能となる。
すなわち、磁石合金の残留磁束密度が1.3T(13kG)以上、角形性が400kA/m(5kOe)以上、保磁力が880kA/m(11kOe)以上という優れた磁性特性を有する希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末を製造することができる。
【0054】
なお、本発明の方法で製造された希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末には、公知のリン酸、各種カップリング剤などによって表面処理を施すことができ、これによって、耐酸化性、熱安定性などを向上させることが可能となる。
また、これら処理を施した磁石粉末に熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂、ゴム組成物などを配合して射出成形、押出し成形などを行えば、樹脂結合型磁石すなわちボンド磁石を容易に製造することができる。
【0055】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によって限定されるものではない。
【0056】
(1)合金粉末の磁気特性
日本ボンド磁石工業協会、ボンド磁石試験方法ガイドブック、BM−2002、BM−2005に準じて、得られた合金粉末(比重:7.67g/cm3)の磁気特性を測定した。磁気特性として、残留磁束密度が1.3T(13kG)以上、角形性が320kA/m(4kOe)以上、保磁力が800kA/m(10kOe)以上あれば合金粉末の磁気特性が充分であると判定できる。
【0057】
(2)平均粒径(D50)および粒度分布幅(D20−D70)
いずれも、HELOS粒度分布測定装置を用いて測定した。角形性(Hk)および(D20−D70)の大小は、粒度分布のシャープさと相関があり、粒度分布のシャープさの度合が判断できる。
【0058】
(実施例1)
純度99.9%、粒度約50μm以下(300メッシュ、タイラー標準であり以下同じ)の電解鉄1.53kgと純度99%、平均粒径43μm(325メッシュ)の酸化サマリウム粉末(Sm2O3)0.75kgと純度95.0%の粒状金属カルシウム0.3kgとをVブレンダーを用いて混合した。得られた混合物を円筒形のステンレス容器に入れ、アルゴンガス雰囲気下、950℃で8時間加熱処理を施した。
次いで、焙焼物を冷却してビーカー中の純水中に投じ、水素イオン濃度pHが10以下となるまで、攪拌とデカンテーションとを繰り返した。pHが5となるまで水中に酢酸を添加し(以下「酸性水溶液pH値」という)、この状態で10分間攪拌を行った。攪拌は、ガラス製スクリューをモーターで回転して行った。最後に水分を除去し、乾燥して合金粉を得た。
次に、炉内を流量100mml/minの純窒素雰囲気とし、均熱部に上記合金粉を配置し、昇温速度10℃/minで485℃まで上昇し、24時間保持した。
得られた合金粉末10kgを、媒体攪拌ミルに入れ、ボール径0.5mm、ボールの充填率60vol%、回転周速度10m/sとして、20分間、イソプロピルアルコール中で微粉砕した。
得られた合金粉末に分散力を作用させて、HELOS Particle Size Analysisで平均粒径を測定し、その測定結果を図1にプロットした(イ)。また、粒度分布幅(D20−D70)を測定するとともに、磁気特性を測定し、磁気特性のうち、残留磁束密度:Br=T(kG)、角形性:Hk=A/m(kOe)、保磁力:iHc=A/m(kOe)を測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
【0059】
【表1】
【0060】
(実施例2)
実施例1と同様にしてSm−Fe−N合金粉末を得た。
この合金粉末を媒体攪拌ミルに入れ、この合金粉末10kgを媒体攪拌ミルで、φ0.5mmジルコニアボール4kg、回転周速度15m/sとして、17分間、イソプロピルアルコール中で微粉砕、ろ過したあと乾燥し、実施例1と同様の評価をした。結果を表1に示す。
【0061】
(実施例3)
実施例1と同様にしてSm−Fe−N合金粉末を得た。
この合金粉末10kgを媒体攪拌ミルでφ0.5mmジルコニアボール4kg、回転周速度20m/sとして、15分間、イソプロピルアルコール中で微粉砕、ろ過、乾燥し、実施例1と同様の評価をした。結果を表1に示す
【0062】
(実施例4)
実施例1と同様にしてSm−Fe−N合金粉末を得た。
この合金粉末10kgを媒体攪拌ミルでφ0.1mmジルコニアボール4kg、回転周速度10m/s、20分間、イソプロピルアルコール中で微粉砕、ろ過、乾燥し、実施例1と同様の評価をした。結果を表1に示す。
【0063】
(実施例5)
実施例1と同様にしてSm−Fe−N合金粉末を得た。
この合金粉末10kgを媒体攪拌ミルに入れ、φ1.0mmジルコニアボール4kg、回転周速度10m/s、20分間、イソプロピルアルコール中で微粉砕、ろ過、乾燥し、実施例1と同様の評価をした。結果を表1に示す。
【0064】
(実施例6)
実施例1と同様にしてSm−Fe−N合金粉末を得た。
この合金粉末10kgを媒体攪拌ミルに入れ、φ0.1mmジルコニアボール4kg、回転周速度20m/s、15分間、イソプロピルアルコール中で微粉砕、ろ過してから乾燥し、実施例1と同様の評価をした。結果を表1に示す。
【0065】
(実施例7)
実施例1と同様にしてSm−Fe−N合金粉末を得た。
この合金粉末10kgを媒体攪拌ミルに入れ、φ1.0mmジルコニアボール4kg、回転周速度20m/s、15分間、イソプロピルアルコール中で微粉砕し、ろ過してから乾燥し、実施例1と同様の評価をした。結果を表1に示す。
【0066】
(比較例1)
実施例1と同様にして製造したSm−Fe−N合金粉末10kgを、媒体攪拌ミルに入れ、φ0.5mmジルコニアボール4kg、回転周速度5m/s、40分間、イソプロピルアルコール中で粉砕し、ろ過し乾燥した。実施例1と同様の評価をした結果を表1に示す。
【0067】
(比較例2)
実施例1と同様にしてSm−Fe−N合金粉末を得た。
この合金粉末10kgを、媒体攪拌ミルに入れ、φ0.5mmジルコニアボール4kg、回転周速度25m/s、12分間、イソプロピルアルコール中で粉砕したところ、ボールの摩耗が激しく起こった。実施例1と同様の評価をした結果を表1に示す。
【0068】
(比較例3)
実施例1と同様にしてSm−Fe−N合金粉末を得た。
この合金粉末10kgを、媒体攪拌ミルに入れ、φ1.5mmジルコニアボール4kg、回転周速度10m/s、20分間、イソプロピルアルコール中で粉砕し、ろ過、乾燥した。実施例1と同様の評価をして、結果を表1に示す。
【0069】
(比較例4)
実施例1と同様にしてSm−Fe−N合金粉末を得た。
この合金粉末10kgを、媒体攪拌ミルに入れ、φ1.5mmジルコニアボール4kg、回転周速度20m/s、15分間、イソプロピルアルコール中で粉砕し、ろ過、乾燥した。実施例1と同様の評価をして、結果を表1に示す。
【0070】
(比較例5)
実施例1と同様にしてSm−Fe−N合金粉末を得た。
この合金粉末を媒体攪拌ミルに入れ、φ4mmジルコニアボール4kg、回転周速度2m/sに変えて、60分間、イソプロピルアルコール中で微粉砕、ろ過し乾燥した。
得られた合金粉末に分散力を作用させて、HELOS Particle Size Analysisで平均粒径を測定し、その測定結果を図1にプロットした(ロ)。また、粒度分布幅(D20−D70)を測定するとともに、磁気特性を測定し、磁気特性のうち、残留磁束密度:Br=T(kG)、角形性:Hk=A/m(kOe)、保磁力:iHc=A/m(kOe)を測定し、その結果を表1に示す。
【0071】
以上の結果から、実施例1〜7は、本発明の粉砕条件で磁石粉末を微粉砕しているために、粒度分布が揃い、凝集度の低い磁石特性に優れた磁石合金粉末が得られるのに対して、比較例1〜5は、本発明から外れた条件で磁石粉末を微粉砕しているために、粒度分布が広がってしまい、凝集度の高い磁石合金粉末が得られ、磁石特性も低下することが分かる。
【0072】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、平均粒径が1〜5μmで粒度分布が揃っており、凝集度が4以下で、粉末どうしの凝集度の低い希土類−遷移金属−窒素系合金粉末を提供することができ、かかる合金粉末は、媒体攪拌ミルなどの粉砕機でボール径0.1〜1mm、高速回転10〜20m/sによって短時間で粉砕ができ、該磁石合金粉末を用いた磁石の磁気特性も向上できることから、その工業的価値は極めて大きい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】磁石粉末への空気圧(分散力)と平均粒径(D50)との関係を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder and a method for producing the same, and more particularly, a rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based system in which the cohesiveness is lowered by aligning the magnet powder with a specific particle size distribution and magnetic characteristics are improved. The present invention relates to a magnet powder and a method that can be efficiently produced by pulverizing magnet powder with a specific apparatus and conditions.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen magnet represented by SmFeN is known as a rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen magnet with high performance and low cost.
Conventionally, this rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet is prepared by dissolving an rare earth metal and a transition metal to produce an alloy, or by mixing an alkaline earth metal as a reducing agent with a raw material comprising a rare earth oxide and a transition metal. It is manufactured by a reduction diffusion method in which rare earth oxides are reduced to metals at high temperatures and alloyed with transition metals. However, in the melting method, since the rare earth metal used as a raw material is expensive, it is not economical, and a reduction diffusion method that can use an inexpensive rare earth oxide powder as a raw material is considered to be a desirable method.
[0003]
That is, in the reduction diffusion method, first, a mixture containing a rare earth oxide powder raw material, a transition metal powder raw material, and an alkaline earth metal that is a reducing agent for the rare earth oxide is heated and fired in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and then the rare earth is obtained. -Synthesize transition metal alloys. Thereafter, the obtained rare earth-transition metal alloy is wet-processed into powder, and then the powdered rare earth-transition metal alloy is nitrided to produce a desired rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen magnet. The
[0004]
The powdered rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen magnet thus obtained is finely pulverized to a specific particle size. In this case, since the generation mechanism of the coercive force is a nucleation type, the rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen magnet has a small demagnetization curve, which is one of the magnetic characteristics, and it has a slight It is necessary to make the particle sizes of the rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powders after pulverization uniform.
[0005]
Fine iron powder and iron oxide powder are used as starting materials in order to make the magnetic powder particle size uniform. For example, fine powder obtained by firing fine hydroxides by coprecipitation method As a raw material powder, high performance magnet powder was manufactured without pulverization by alloying and nitriding by a reduction diffusion method.
However, in this method, since the fine iron powder or iron oxide powder is used, the manufacturing cost becomes high, and the fine powder of the magnet is likely to aggregate at the time of synthesis. As a result, the residual magnetic flux density and the squareness of the demagnetization curve are increased. Has the disadvantage of lowering.
[0006]
On the other hand, when the rare earth-transition metal magnet powder is pulverized, usually, a pulverizer such as an attritor is used to mix the iron ball, the solvent, and the magnet powder, and the rotational speed is about 0.3 to 1.0 m / s. Grinding at speed. In this case, a submicron fine powder was generated and the particle size distribution tended to widen. For this reason, aggregation has occurred in the rare earth-transition metal magnet powder, and the magnetic properties of the finally obtained rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen magnet powder have been reduced.
[0007]
For this reason, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-175022, when the SmFeN alloy particles are finely pulverized or classified after fine pulverization, the temperature of the magnet particles is maintained at 300 to 650 ° C. Methods have been proposed to prevent agglomeration. In JP-A-2000-34503, the surface of the SmFeN alloy particles is covered with any one of a fluorine compound film, a polysilazane cured film, a silicon oxide film, and a silicon nitride film to form an oxidation resistance. An alloy powder with high magnetic properties in which the agglomeration of the fine powders is suppressed is proposed.
[0008]
However, in these methods, it is difficult to control temperature adjustment and film conditions at the time of manufacture, and there are problems such as a long manufacturing process and a large variation, and all of these methods use a magnetic powder having desired magnetic characteristics. It was difficult to get.
[0009]
Under such circumstances, rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder that does not deteriorate the magnetic properties even when the raw magnet powder is finely pulverized, and to efficiently obtain such magnet powder. The manufacturing method which can do is eagerly desired.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the conventional situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder in which the coagulation degree is lowered and the magnetic characteristics are improved by aligning the magnet powder with a specific particle size distribution, and a magnet. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing a powder by pulverizing it with a specific apparatus and conditions.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present invention, after nitriding rare earth-transition metal alloy powder, finely pulverizing and aligning the particle size of the powder, agglomeration of the finely divided magnet powder It was found that the magnetic powder having high magnetic properties can be easily obtained by pulverizing the magnet powder under specific conditions using a pulverizer of a medium stirring mill. It came to complete.
[0012]
That is, according to the first invention of the present invention, a rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder pulverized by a medium stirring mill and having a low aggregation degree, The rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder contains rare earth elements produced by the reduction diffusion method in an amount of 5 to 40 at. % And Fe of 50 to 90 at. % Sm-Fe-N alloy powder, The average particle size (D50) is 2 to 4 μm, the particle size (D20-D70) width is 4 μm or less, and the degree of aggregation (X) represented by the following formula (1) is 4 or less. A rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder is provided.
X = A / B (1)
(Wherein, X is the degree of aggregation, and A is 0.2 × 10 0 using a HELOS particle size distribution analyzer. 5 The average particle diameter after defrosting by injecting air pressure of Pa, B is 3.0 × 10 5 The average particle diameter after decomposing by injecting Pa air pressure is shown. )
[0015]
First of the
[0016]
First of the
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder of the present invention and the production method thereof will be described in detail.
[0019]
1. Rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen magnet powder
The rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder according to the present invention has excellent magnetic properties because the particle size of the finely pulverized magnet powder is in a specific range and the degree of aggregation of the powder is kept low. Magnet powder.
[0020]
The magnet powder is not particularly limited as long as it is a transition metal-nitrogen based magnet alloy powder containing a rare earth element. As the rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet alloy, for example, various rare earth-iron-nitrogen based magnet powders can be used, and the rare earth element includes at least one of Sm, Gd, Tb, Ce, or Pr. Nd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb are preferable. In particular, when Sm is contained, the effect of the present invention can be remarkably exhibited. The rare earth elements can be used alone or as a mixture, and the content thereof is 5 to 40 at. % Is preferable.
[0021]
Co, Ni, and Mn are generally used as the transition metal, but are not particularly limited. As the transition metal, Fe can be used particularly preferably, and a part of Fe may be substituted with Co for the purpose of improving the temperature characteristics of the magnet without impairing the magnetic characteristics. Among these, in particular, Fe is 50 to 90 at. % Content is preferred.
[0022]
Also, a kind selected from Mn, Ca, Cr, Nb, Mo, Sb, Ge, Zr, V, Si, Al, Ta, Cu, etc. in order to improve coercive force, improve productivity and reduce costs. The above may be added. In this case, the addition amount is desirably 7% by weight or less with respect to the total weight of the transition metal. Further, C or B or the like as an unavoidable impurity may be contained in an amount of 5 parts by weight or less.
[0023]
Rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnets may be mixed with various magnetic powders that are usually used as raw materials for bonded magnets, such as ferrite and alnico. However, a magnetic powder having an anisotropic magnetic field (HA) of 50 kOe (4.0 MA / m) or more is preferable.
[0024]
The rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen magnet powder of the present invention has an average particle size (D50) of 1 to 5 μm, particularly 2 to 4 μm, and a particle size (D20-D70) width of 5 μm or less, preferably 4 μm or less. It has a distribution. If the average particle size (D50) is less than 1 μm, the degree of aggregation cannot be kept low, and there is a problem that the formability deteriorates when a bonded magnet is formed. On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 5 μm, the magnetic properties deteriorate. On the other hand, when the particle size (D20-D70) width exceeds 5 μm, aggregation tends to occur, and strong bond aggregation tends to occur.
[0025]
The average particle size (D50) and particle size (D20-D70) width, that is, the particle size distribution, of the rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen magnet powder of the present invention are values measured using a HELOS particle size distribution measuring apparatus. When measuring the particle size distribution, the HELOS particle size distribution measuring device measures and disaggregates the agglomerated powder by injecting air at a constant pressure onto the powder to be measured. The air pressure at this time is called the dispersion force.
[0026]
The average particle size (D50) and the particle size (D20-D70) width are both 3.0 x 10 air pressure. 5 It is measured by spraying with Pa. Here, the particle size (D20-D70) width is the difference between the particle size D20 (particle size when the total volume of the measured powder group is 100% and the cumulative volume from the small diameter is 20%) and the particle size D70. It indicates the extent of the particle size distribution.
[0027]
The rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder of the present invention must have an aggregation degree (X) represented by the following formula (1) of 4 or less.
X = A / B (1)
(Wherein X is the degree of aggregation and A is 0.2 × 10 5 The average particle diameter after defrosting by injecting air pressure of Pa, B is 3.0 × 10 5 The average particle diameter after decomposing by injecting Pa air pressure is shown. )
[0028]
As described above, when measuring the particle size distribution with the HELOS particle size distribution measuring device, injecting air at a constant pressure to the powder to be measured and injecting the agglomerated powder, the air at a higher pressure is injected. If the air pressure exceeds a certain level, it can no longer be disaggregated and converges to a constant value indicating the degree of aggregation of the powder. On the other hand, when the air pressure is weakened, the way of deagglomeration differs depending on whether the powders are weakly agglomerated or strongly agglomerated. The average particle size is smaller than when the particles are strongly aggregated.
[0029]
Here, a method for determining the degree of aggregation when finely pulverizing magnet powder with a zirconia ball grinding medium will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 shows an experiment conducted by the present inventors, that is, a case where grinding is performed using a grinding medium having a small ball diameter (for example, 0.5 mm) and a rotational peripheral speed being high (for example, 10 m / s) (A), When the ball diameter of the grinding medium is increased (for example, 4 mm) and the rotation peripheral speed is reduced (for example, 2 m / s) (b), the dispersion force to the magnet powder is changed to measure the average particle diameter. The results are shown below.
[0030]
When the dispersion force is changed, a difference is seen in the average particle diameter of the powder, and it can be seen that (b) has a greater degree of change than (b). When the dispersion force is large (for example, 33.0 × 10 5 In (Pa), there is not much difference between (a) and (b) in the average particle diameter of the pulverized magnet powder, but when the dispersion force is small (for example, 0.2 × 10 5 Pa), it became clear that the difference in the average particle diameter of the pulverized magnet powder widens greatly. If the change in the average particle diameter due to the dispersion force is large, it can be said that the agglomeration is strong, and the smaller the change is, the weaker the aggregation is.
[0031]
Therefore, the weak pressure is 0.2 × 10 5 The average particle size (A) after decomposing by injecting air pressure of Pa, and 3.0 × 10 of sufficiently large pressure 5 By taking a ratio with the average particle size (B) after decomposing by injecting air pressure of Pa, it is possible to show the strength of agglomeration of the pulverized powder. In the present invention, the value (X) of this ratio is expressed as This will be referred to as the degree of aggregation.
[0032]
This indicates that when the cohesion degree (X) in the formula (1) is large, powders that can be deagglomerated only with strong air pressure are strongly bound and aggregated, and when the cohesion degree is small, the weak pressure is low. This means that powders that can be deagglomerated even with air are weakly bonded and agglomerated.
[0033]
In the present invention, it is important that the degree of aggregation (X) of the magnet powder is 4 or less. When the magnetization direction of the magnet powder is oriented, if there is agglomeration, the orientation will be fixed, and a powder that does not move will come out, but if there is no agglomeration, each powder can be easily oriented, making the magnetization direction easy to align and magnetizing In this case, the residual magnetization is improved. When the degree of aggregation (X) of the magnet powder exceeds 4, the above effect will not be significant.
In the present invention, the preferred degree of aggregation (X) is 3.95 or less, more preferably 3.90 or less.
[0034]
The magnet powder of the present invention has excellent magnetic properties such as a residual magnetic flux density of 1.3 T (13 kG) or more, a squareness of 400 kA / m (5 kOe) or more, and a coercive force of 880 kA / m (11 kOe) or more. .
[0035]
2. Production method
The rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder of the present invention is obtained by finely pulverizing a rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder obtained by the reduction diffusion method, and finely pulverizing it with a specific pulverizing apparatus and conditions. It is manufactured by aligning the particle size so that it becomes a fine powder having a specific average particle size and particle size distribution.
[0036]
(1) Preparation of rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder
Although the transition metal powder used as a raw material is generally manufactured by an atomizing method, an electrolytic method, or the like, the manufacturing method is not limited as long as it is a powdered transition metal. Transition metals, rare earth elements, and elements to be added for improving coercive force, improving productivity, and reducing costs are as described above. An alkaline earth metal such as Ca is used as the reducing agent. The particle size of the reducing agent is preferably 5 mm or less.
[0037]
The rare earth oxide powder raw material containing the rare earth element, the transition metal powder raw material whose particle size is adjusted to the range of 10 μm to 100 μm, and other raw material powders are weighed and mixed to further reduce the rare earth element. After a sufficient amount of reducing agent is added and mixed, the mixture is heated to a temperature above the temperature at which the reducing agent melts in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (that is, an atmosphere in which oxygen is not substantially present) and the target rare earth. -Keeping the temperature raised to a temperature at which the transition metal alloy does not melt and firing by heating. As a result, the rare earth oxide is reduced to a rare earth element, and the rare earth element is diffused into the transition metal using the exothermic temperature at the time of reduction to synthesize a rare earth-transition metal alloy.
[0038]
Next, the rare earth-transition metal alloy is cooled to room temperature. The cooled roasted product is poured into pure water, and stirring and decantation are repeated until the hydrogen ion concentration pH becomes 10 or less. Then, acetic acid is added to water until the pH is about 5, and stirring is performed in this state. Thereafter, the obtained rare earth-transition metal alloy is dried and powdered, and then the powdered rare earth-transition metal alloy is nitrided to produce a desired rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen magnet powder. Is done.
[0039]
(2) Fine pulverization of magnet powder
The obtained rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder was obtained by Etc. A rare earth-transition metal alloy is finely pulverized with an organic medium and a pulverizing medium. The magnet powder is finely pulverized so that the average particle size (D50) is 1 to 5 μm, and the particle size is aligned so that the particle size distribution (D20-D70 width) is 5 μm or less. By doing so, a magnet powder having excellent magnetic properties can be produced.
[0040]
In order to finely pulverize the magnet powder in the present invention, it is not particularly limited as long as it is a pulverizer that is widely used in various chemical industries that handle solids and pulverizes various materials to a desired degree. Among them, a medium agitating mill that is excellent in that it is easy to make the composition and particle size of the powder uniform. (Bead mill) It is preferable to use a wet dispersion pulverization method.
[0041]
The medium agitation mill pulverizes the slurry formed by mixing magnet powder in an organic solvent, and any pulverizer that can be applied to a medium agitation mill used in a normal wet dispersion pulverization method. But you can. For example, there is an apparatus that performs pulverization by forcibly stirring a mill filled with pulverization media such as balls and beads with a stirring rod, a rotating disk, or the like.
[0042]
The organic solvent may be put in the apparatus, the magnet powder may be added to the apparatus, and the apparatus may be rotated. Alternatively, the organic solvent and the magnet powder may be premixed with a mixer to form a slurry. You may grind | pulverize by sending to a medium stirring mill with a pump.
[0043]
In this medium agitation mill, the magnetic powder and balls are made into a slurry state by the organic solvent and are subjected to the agitation action by the agitation blades. The magnet powder is further finely pulverized by friction between the magnet powders or the balls.
In the present invention, since the apparatus is operated under the condition that the magnet powder does not aggregate, the stirring energy by the stirring blade does not need to be used to loosen the aggregated state, and is used only for pulverizing the magnet powder. The magnetic powder is efficiently pulverized so that the average particle size (D50) is 1 to 5 μm and the particle size distribution of the particle size (D20-D70) width is 5 μm or less.
[0044]
Depending on the desired powder particle size and processing amount, circulation processing can be performed with one medium stirring mill, or continuous processing can be performed by installing a plurality of units. When a plurality of medium stirring mills are installed, the mill type and operating conditions (media diameter, spindle speed, discharge amount, etc.) may be changed.
[0045]
Particles reaching the desired particle size are removed, transferred to a screen and filtered. Here, after the cracked pulverizing medium and the finely pulverized particles (removed material) are removed, the pulverized pulverizing medium and the finely pulverized particles (removed material) are removed, and the magnet powder meeting the conditions is stored in the tank. As a result, it is possible to prevent the finely pulverized powders from aggregating and adhering to the wall surface in the apparatus during the transfer.
[0046]
On the other hand, a bead mill, which is a kind of medium stirring mill, is a mill suitable for pulverization of small-diameter magnet powders used in the present invention, and is particularly limited as long as it is a typical bead mill operated by a batch method or a continuous method. Rather, any device designed to support vertical or horizontal flow can be employed.
[0047]
The bead mill pulverizes coarse powder of magnet powder with a pulverizing medium, and is typically a pulverizer that uses silica sand, glass beads, ceramic medium or steel balls as the pulverizing medium. Separation of the grinding media from the finely ground magnet powder can be performed based on the settling velocity, particle size, or difference between the two parameters present between the grinding media and the magnet powder. An organic solvent is supplied into the bead mill.
[0048]
In order to obtain the above particle size distribution, the rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder is put into a pulverizer of a medium agitating mill together with a pulverizing medium such as a metal ball or a ceramic ball, and pulverized. It is necessary to grind the ball diameter of the grinding medium to 0.1 to 1 mm and the rotational peripheral speed of the grinding machine to 10 to 20 m / s.
[0049]
When the ball diameter of the grinding medium is smaller than 0.1 mm, the grinding ability is reduced and the number of balls is increased, so that handling is troublesome. When the ball diameter exceeds 1 mm, it is difficult to obtain a particle size distribution having a uniform particle diameter. Further, if the rotational peripheral speed of the pulverizer is out of 10 to 20 m / s, it becomes difficult to obtain a powder having a uniform particle size distribution. Further, if the rotational peripheral speed is less than 10 m / s, the pulverization time is long and 20 m / s is reduced. If it exceeds, the wear of the ball will increase, which is not preferable.
[0050]
The ball filling rate is preferably 40 to 70% of the pulverizer volume. If the ball filling rate is less than 40%, the pulverization time is long and the efficiency is lowered. On the other hand, if it exceeds 70%, a large power is required for the pulverizer and the wear of the ball increases, which is not preferable.
[0051]
As the organic solvent, any of isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, toluene, methanol, hexane, and the like can be used. Particularly when isopropyl alcohol is used, a preferable magnet powder can be obtained.
[0052]
Since the bead mill has a relatively small pulverizer volume, it can be said that it is a relatively expensive and high power consumption device compared to other pulverizers. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of secondary aggregation such as when the generated particles are in an agglomerated state or agglomerate after generation without generating unnecessary fine particles, and efficient operation is possible.
[0053]
The rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen magnet powder produced by the method of the present invention has an average particle size of 1 to 5 μm, a sharp particle size distribution, and a low degree of aggregation. It is possible to produce rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder having a high residual magnetic flux density Br, squareness Hk, and coercive force iHc.
That is, a rare earth-transition metal having excellent magnetic properties such as a residual magnetic flux density of 1.3 T (13 kG) or more, a squareness of 400 kA / m (5 kOe) or more, and a coercive force of 880 kA / m (11 kOe) or more. Nitrogen-based magnet powder can be produced.
[0054]
The rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder produced by the method of the present invention can be subjected to surface treatment with known phosphoric acid, various coupling agents, etc., thereby improving oxidation resistance and heat stability. It becomes possible to improve property.
Also, resin-bonded magnets, that is, bonded magnets, can be easily manufactured by blending thermoplastic powders, thermosetting resins, rubber compositions, etc. with these processed magnet powders and performing injection molding, extrusion molding, etc. Can do.
[0055]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be specifically described below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0056]
(1) Magnetic properties of alloy powder
Alloy powder obtained according to Japan Bond Magnet Industry Association, Bond Magnet Test Method Guidebook, BM-2002, BM-2005 (specific gravity: 7.67 g / cm 3 ) Was measured. As magnetic properties, if the residual magnetic flux density is 1.3 T (13 kG) or more, the squareness is 320 kA / m (4 kOe) or more, and the coercive force is 800 kA / m (10 kOe) or more, it is determined that the magnetic properties of the alloy powder are sufficient. it can.
[0057]
(2) Average particle size (D50) and particle size distribution width (D20-D70)
All were measured using a HELOS particle size distribution measuring device. The magnitudes of the squareness (Hk) and (D20-D70) have a correlation with the sharpness of the particle size distribution, and the degree of sharpness of the particle size distribution can be determined.
[0058]
Example 1
1.53 kg of electrolytic iron with a purity of 99.9% and a particle size of about 50 μm or less (300 mesh, Tyler standard, the same applies hereinafter) and samarium oxide powder with a purity of 99% and an average particle size of 43 μm (325 mesh) (Sm 2 O 3 ) 0.75 kg and 0.3 kg of granular metal calcium having a purity of 95.0% were mixed using a V blender. The obtained mixture was put into a cylindrical stainless steel container and heat-treated at 950 ° C. for 8 hours under an argon gas atmosphere.
Next, the roasted product was cooled and poured into pure water in a beaker, and stirring and decantation were repeated until the hydrogen ion concentration pH became 10 or less. Acetic acid was added to water until the pH was 5 (hereinafter referred to as “acidic aqueous solution pH value”), and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes in this state. Stirring was performed by rotating a glass screw with a motor. Finally, moisture was removed and dried to obtain an alloy powder.
Next, the inside of the furnace was put into a pure nitrogen atmosphere with a flow rate of 100 ml / min, the above alloy powder was placed in the soaking part, the temperature was raised to 485 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min, and held for 24 hours.
10 kg of the obtained alloy powder was put in a medium stirring mill and finely pulverized in isopropyl alcohol for 20 minutes at a ball diameter of 0.5 mm, a ball filling rate of 60 vol%, and a rotational peripheral speed of 10 m / s.
Dispersing force was applied to the obtained alloy powder, the average particle size was measured by HELOS Particle Size Analysis, and the measurement result was plotted in FIG. In addition to measuring the particle size distribution width (D20-D70), the magnetic characteristics are measured. Among the magnetic characteristics, residual magnetic flux density: Br = T (kG), squareness: Hk = A / m (kOe), Magnetic force: iHc = A / m (kOe) was measured, and the result is shown in Table 1.
[0059]
[Table 1]
[0060]
(Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, an Sm—Fe—N alloy powder was obtained.
This alloy powder was put into a medium stirring mill, and 10 kg of this alloy powder was finely pulverized in isopropyl alcohol for 17 minutes with a medium stirring mill at 4 kg of φ0.5 mm zirconia balls and a rotational peripheral speed of 15 m / s, and then dried. The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0061]
(Example 3)
In the same manner as in Example 1, an Sm—Fe—N alloy powder was obtained.
10 kg of this alloy powder was pulverized, filtered and dried in isopropyl alcohol for 15 minutes with a medium stirring mill at 4 kg of φ0.5 mm zirconia balls and a rotational peripheral speed of 20 m / s, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0062]
Example 4
In the same manner as in Example 1, an Sm—Fe—N alloy powder was obtained.
10 kg of this alloy powder was finely pulverized, filtered and dried in isopropyl alcohol using a medium stirring mill for 4 kg of φ0.1 mm zirconia balls, a rotational peripheral speed of 10 m / s for 20 minutes, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0063]
(Example 5)
In the same manner as in Example 1, an Sm—Fe—N alloy powder was obtained.
10 kg of this alloy powder was put into a medium stirring mill, and pulverized, filtered and dried in isopropyl alcohol for 4 minutes of φ1.0 mm zirconia balls, rotating
[0064]
(Example 6)
In the same manner as in Example 1, an Sm—Fe—N alloy powder was obtained.
10 kg of this alloy powder was put in a medium stirring mill, pulverized in isopropyl alcohol, filtered for 15 minutes, φ0.1 mm zirconia balls 4 kg, rotating peripheral speed 20 m / s, 15 minutes, and then evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. did. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0065]
(Example 7)
In the same manner as in Example 1, an Sm—Fe—N alloy powder was obtained.
10 kg of this alloy powder was put into a medium agitating mill, pulverized in isopropyl alcohol for 4 minutes, φ1.0 mm zirconia ball 4 kg, rotating peripheral speed 20 m / s, 15 minutes, filtered and dried. Evaluation similar to Example 1 Did. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0066]
(Comparative Example 1)
10 kg of the Sm—Fe—N alloy powder produced in the same manner as in Example 1 was put in a medium stirring mill, pulverized in isopropyl alcohol, 4 kg of φ0.5 mm zirconia balls, rotating peripheral speed 5 m / s for 40 minutes, and filtered. And dried. The results of the same evaluation as in Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
[0067]
(Comparative Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, an Sm—Fe—N alloy powder was obtained.
When 10 kg of this alloy powder was put into a medium stirring mill and pulverized in isopropyl alcohol for 4 minutes with a φ0.5 mm zirconia ball at a rotational peripheral speed of 25 m / s for 12 minutes, the ball was severely worn. The results of the same evaluation as in Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
[0068]
(Comparative Example 3)
In the same manner as in Example 1, an Sm—Fe—N alloy powder was obtained.
10 kg of this alloy powder was put in a medium stirring mill, pulverized in isopropyl alcohol, 4 kg of φ1.5 mm zirconia balls, a rotating peripheral speed of 10 m / s for 20 minutes, filtered and dried. The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[0069]
(Comparative Example 4)
In the same manner as in Example 1, Sm—Fe—N alloy powder was obtained.
10 kg of this alloy powder was put in a medium stirring mill, pulverized in isopropyl alcohol for 4 minutes with φ1.5 mm zirconia balls 4 kg, rotating peripheral speed 20 m / s, filtered and dried. The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[0070]
(Comparative Example 5)
In the same manner as in Example 1, an Sm—Fe—N alloy powder was obtained.
This alloy powder was put into a medium stirring mill, changed to 4 mm φ4 mm zirconia balls and a rotational peripheral speed of 2 m / s, finely pulverized in isopropyl alcohol for 60 minutes, filtered and dried.
Dispersing force was applied to the obtained alloy powder, the average particle size was measured by HELOS Particle Size Analysis, and the measurement result was plotted in FIG. 1 (b). In addition to measuring the particle size distribution width (D20-D70), the magnetic characteristics are measured. Among the magnetic characteristics, residual magnetic flux density: Br = T (kG), squareness: Hk = A / m (kOe), Magnetic force: iHc = A / m (kOe) was measured, and the result is shown in Table 1.
[0071]
From the above results, since Examples 1-7 finely pulverize the magnet powder under the pulverization conditions of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a magnet alloy powder having a uniform particle size distribution and a low degree of cohesion. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 5, since the magnetic powder was finely pulverized under the conditions deviating from the present invention, the particle size distribution was widened, and a magnet alloy powder with high cohesion was obtained, and the magnet characteristics were also It turns out that it falls.
[0072]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based alloy powder having an average particle size of 1 to 5 μm, a uniform particle size distribution, an agglomeration degree of 4 or less, and a low aggregation degree between powders. Such an alloy powder can be pulverized in a short time by a pulverizer such as a medium stirring mill with a ball diameter of 0.1 to 1 mm and a high-speed rotation of 10 to 20 m / s, and the magnetic properties of the magnet using the magnet alloy powder are also improved. Because it can be done, its industrial value is extremely high.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between air pressure (dispersing force) on magnet powder and average particle size (D50).
Claims (3)
希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末は、還元拡散法で製造された希土類元素を5〜40at.%、及びFeを50〜90at.%含有するSm−Fe−N合金粉末からなり、平均粒径(D50)が2〜4μmで、粒度(D20−D70)幅が4μm以下である粒度分布をもち、かつ下記の式(1)で表される凝集度(X)が4以下であることを特徴する希土類−遷移金属−窒素系磁石粉末。
X=A/B …(1)
(式中、Xは凝集度、Aは、HELOS粒度分布測定装置を用いて、0.2×105Paの空気圧を噴射して解凝した後の平均粒径、Bは、3.0×105Paの空気圧を噴射して解凝した後の平均粒径を示す。)A rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder pulverized by a medium agitating mill and having a low degree of aggregation,
The rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder contains rare earth elements produced by the reduction diffusion method in an amount of 5 to 40 at. % And Fe of 50 to 90 at. % Sm—Fe—N alloy powder having an average particle size (D50) of 2 to 4 μm, a particle size (D20-D70) width of 4 μm or less, and the following formula (1): A rare earth-transition metal-nitrogen based magnet powder characterized in that the degree of aggregation (X) is 4 or less.
X = A / B (1)
(In the formula, X is a degree of aggregation, A is an average particle diameter after being defused by injecting an air pressure of 0.2 × 10 5 Pa using a HELOS particle size distribution analyzer, and B is 3.0 × (The average particle diameter after defrosting by injecting air pressure of 10 5 Pa is shown.)
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