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JP4066172B2 - Piezoelectric vibrating piece polishing apparatus and polishing processing method - Google Patents
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JP4066172B2 - Piezoelectric vibrating piece polishing apparatus and polishing processing method - Google Patents

Piezoelectric vibrating piece polishing apparatus and polishing processing method Download PDF

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JP4066172B2
JP4066172B2 JP2003109081A JP2003109081A JP4066172B2 JP 4066172 B2 JP4066172 B2 JP 4066172B2 JP 2003109081 A JP2003109081 A JP 2003109081A JP 2003109081 A JP2003109081 A JP 2003109081A JP 4066172 B2 JP4066172 B2 JP 4066172B2
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polishing
container
piezoelectric
axis
disk
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JP2004314210A (en
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公樹 志賀
進 前田
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Seiko Epson Corp
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Seiko Epson Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は圧電振動片の研磨加工装置および方法に係り、特に圧電体ブランクの端部を所定の曲率で研磨することによりコンベックス加工・面取り加工を施すための装置と方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般的に、水晶振動子などのような圧電デバイスでは電気的な抵抗が低い方が望ましいことは当然である。特に圧電振動子の場合には、機械的運動を電気エネルギに変換しているので、電気的抵抗が低いということは機械的運動のロス、すなわち振動エネルギのロスが少ないことと等価である。通常、圧電振動子の代表格であるATカット水晶振動子の振動片に電界を印加すると、振動片の両面に形成されている電極を通じて厚み滑り振動が発生する。電極のない部分では振動が指数関数的に減衰する。
【0003】
ところが、振動子が小型化されてくると振動減衰領域を大きくとれず、マウント部に振動が伝わってしまい、これが振動エネルギのロスとなって電気的抵抗としてのクリスタルインピーダンス(CI値)が高くなってしまう。厚み滑り振動片は振動周波数と厚みは反比例に関係あり、厚くなると周波数が低くなる。また周波数が低くなる(水晶片が厚くなる)と、振動する振動エリアが大きく広がる傾向にある。低い周波数の圧電振動片をパッケージに導電接着剤などでマウントした場合、振動が保持部まで伝わってしまい、CI値が急激に高くなるのである。また、周波数が比較的高くても圧電振動片が小型になると同様に保持部に振動が伝わってしまいCI値が高くなってしまう。
【0004】
CI値を低く押さえるために、機械的な振動の伝播を押さえればよいとの観点から、輪郭からの反射によって生じる多種のモードを減衰させ、温度特性が改善されると同時に高いQ値が得られる手段としてコンベックス加工方法(ベーベリング加工を含む)が用いられている。これは、水晶振動子を小型で、且つインピーダンス特性に優れたものにするために比較的低い周波数領域においては、必須の加工方法である。この方法は、矩形ブランクのコーナ部分を削って圧電振動片を両面凸形状に加工することで振動エリアを中央部に閉じ込め、保持部に振動が伝わらないように加工するものである。
【0005】
このコンベックス加工法は、内面形状が球及びパイプ形状を有する研磨容器(ポット)に複数の圧電体ブランクと研磨剤を一緒に入れ、研磨容器を自転公転運動させ、公転による遠心力で水晶片を容器内面に押し付けつつ、自転による相対運動で、研磨容器内面形状をブランクに転写加工する(特許文献1)。自転と公転の角速度を同じにして回転の向きを逆にすると、水晶片は公転一回転に対して研磨容器内面を一周する。
【0006】
コンベックス加工された水晶振動片はCI値の改善など優れた特性を示すが、このコンベックス加工振動片の端部曲率を端部に向かって段階的に小さくすることにより、水晶振動子の特性を更に改善できることが判明している(特許文献2)。これは内面の曲率が異なる研磨容器を複数準備しておき、曲率が大きい研磨容器から順に小さい曲率を有する研磨容器にブランクを移し代えながら加工するようにしたものである。また、公転回転軸に直交する面が楕円形状を有する研磨用容器を用いて端部に連続的に曲率が変化する水晶片を加工する方法も示されている(特許文献3)。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開平8−216014号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平10−107580号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2000−158320号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記特許文献2に記載の方法では、端部に向かって段階的に面取り加工するという段階的な加工であり、研磨容器の切り替えごとに曲率が異なるため稜線が出現してしまい、連続的な曲率の変化とすることができない。特許文献2によれば、面取り加工の段階数を増やしていくほどCI値特性が向上しており、連続的に変化する形状が理想であることが分かる。しかしながら、そのため加工を複数回に分けて行わなければならず、非常に手間がかかるという問題があった。また、特許文献3に記載の方法では、圧電振動片は大きさ、周波数(厚さ)によって理想の曲率形状が異なるが、これに対応するためには数多くの研磨形状の異なる容器を準備しなければならないという問題がある。
本発明は、上記従来の問題点に着目し、単一の研磨容器を用いつつ、圧電体ブランクの端部を連続的に曲率が小さくなるように加工ができる装置並びに方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る圧電振動片の研磨加工装置は、研磨容器の内部に圧電体ブランクと研磨剤を入れて端部を研磨加工する装置であって、公転軸を回転中心とする回転体の周囲に前記公転軸と平行に自転軸を設け、この自転軸に研磨容器を取り付けるとともに、前記研磨容器を自公転させて、収容した前記圧電体ブランクの端部を研磨する圧電振動片の研磨加工装置において、前記研磨容器はその容器中心軸を通る断面においてその外周部分が半径R2の円弧を有し、かつ容器中心軸から最大半径R1の円盤状空間を有し、さらに、該円盤状空間の中心軸と前記容器中心軸とを一致させると共に、前記容器中心軸を前記自転軸と交差させたことを特徴としてなるものである。この場合、前記円盤状空間の中心軸を横断し、かつ前記最大半径R1を有する最大直径平面は、該最大直径平面と公転平面との交差軸回りに揺動させるものとし、収容した圧電体ブランクの端部を研磨するようにすればよい。
【0010】
また、前記研磨容器の圧電体ブランク収容部を前記円盤状空間に形成し、当該研磨容器は容器中心軸を前記自転軸に対して交差させて取り付けられ、収容される圧電体ブランクを前記研磨容器の内部で周方向滑りと幅方向に沿った横滑り運動させ、前記圧電体ブランク端部を研磨可能に構成することもできる。
更に、本発明は、研磨容器の内部に圧電体ブランクと研磨剤を入れて端部を研磨加工する装置において、前記容器中心軸を前記自転軸と交差させて取り付け、前記容器中心軸と前記自転軸との傾斜角度は変更可能とした装置とすることができる。
【0011】
また、本発明に係る圧電振動片の研磨加工方法は、自公転される研磨容器の内部に圧電体ブランクと研磨剤を入れて端部を研磨加工する方法において、前記研磨容器はその容器中心軸を通る断面においてその外周部分が半径R2の円弧を有し、かつ容器中心軸から最大半径R1の円盤状空間を有するものであり、前記円盤状空間を有する研磨容器を自公転させつつ自転軸の一点を中心としたコマ運動を行わせて前記圧電体ブランクの端部研磨をなすことを特徴としている。
【0012】
また、研磨容器の内部に圧電体ブランクと研磨剤を入れて端部を研磨加工する方法において、前記研磨容器はその容器中心軸を通る断面においてその外周部分が半径R2の円弧を有し、かつ容器中心軸から最大半径R1の円盤状空間を有するものであり、前記円盤状空間を有する研磨容器を自公転させつつ前記円盤状空間の中心軸を横断し、かつ前記最大半径R1の最大直径平面は、該最大直径平面と公転平面との交差軸回りに揺動させることにより研磨容器に連続的な角度変化をおこさせて収容された前記圧電体ブランクの端部研磨をなすように構成することもできる。
【0013】
このように構成することにより、外周縁円弧で縦断面形状が円盤状空間となる内面形状を有する研磨用容器の前記円盤状空間の中心軸を公転軸と並行な自転軸に対して傾けることにより、圧電体ブランクは連続的に曲率が変化する容器断面を相対運動し、圧電振動片の端部にかけて連続的に曲率が変化する形状を加工することが出来る。
また傾ける角度を変更することで曲率変化が急なものから緩いものまで加工でき、一つの研磨用容器で様々な曲率変化を加工することが出来る。
【0014】
加工中の研磨用容器と圧電体ブランク及び研磨剤の相対運動の状態を調べると次のようになる。図6は容器中心軸を通る断面においてその外周部分に円弧を有し、かつ容器中心軸から最大半径の円盤状空間を有する研磨容器Pの斜視図、図7は断面図である。図示のように、この研磨容器Pは容器中心軸CLから半径R1の最大半径を持ち、外周部分は幅方向に半径R2の円弧とされており、全体としてタイヤ型の容器構造となっている。この研磨用容器Pが通常状態で自転公転運動している状態を図8に示す。X’軸は公転軸、公転運動はY’−Z’平面で等速円運動する。X軸は自転軸を表し、研磨容器内を相対運動する圧電体ブランクと研磨剤の軌道は、Y−Z面で切り出される研磨容器の断面形状になる。タイヤ状のポットが公転軸に傾きを持たず自転公転運動する場合には、圧電体ブランクの通る軌道は図9のようにR1の円になる。そのため圧電振動片の長辺側はR1、短辺側はR2の形状に転写加工される。
【0015】
次に、研磨用容器を、本発明のように、公転軸と平行な自転軸に対してα°傾けた場合に、圧電体ブランクが通過する容器内の軌道を求める。α°傾けた場合のX−Y断面を図10に示す。この場合でも圧電体ブランクは公転運動の遠心力から圧電体ブランクの通る軌道がY−Z面での研磨容器の断面形状になる。ここで数学的に解析しやすくするために研磨容器を座標軸に固定し、α°傾けた時の研磨容器の断面形状を求める。解析するモデルを図11、図12に示す。図11はX−Y平面での容器断面、図12はY−Z平面での容器断面形状を表している。この場合容器の断面形状は次式で表される。
【数1】

Figure 0004066172
【0016】
圧電体ブランクの通る軌道の半径の変化rは次式で示されるようにR1、R2及びαで決まる。
【数2】
Figure 0004066172
これにより、適当な組み合わせを採用することにより曲率が連続的に変化する加工軌道(容器断面形状)を実現することが出来ることは分かる。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明に係る圧電振動片の研磨加工装置および方法の具体的実施の形態を、図面を参照して、詳細に説明する。
図1〜2は本実施形態に係るバレル研磨装置を示す。図2は側面図である。この装置は、回転体としてのケーブルドラム型フライホイール10によって公転運動を行わせるようにしている。フライホイール10は一対の回転板12,14を中心軸としての公転軸16により連結してケーブルドラム形状様となし、図示しない架台に回転自在に支持されている。フライホイール10を構成する一方の回転板12の外周には、ベルト18が掛けまわされ、当該ベルト18をモータ20により回転させて公転運動を行わせるようにしている。
【0018】
また、フライホイール10における一方の回転板12の外面側には公転軸16と同軸上に第1プーリ22を固定し、この第1プーリ22には、回転板12の外周縁部側に取り付けた第2プーリ24との間にベルト26を掛け渡している。プーリ22、24のサイズは同一であり、1対1の回転比を構成している。第2プーリ24にはフライホイール10の一対の回転板12、14間に渡し掛けられた自転軸28が連結され、これによって自転軸28はフライホイール10の回転角速度と同じ角速度で反対方向に回転されるようにしている。したがって、自転と公転の角速度が同じで回転の向きが相互に逆方向になり、自転軸28に取り付けられた研磨容器30に収容される水晶片は公転一回転に対して研磨容器30の内周面を一周することになる。
【0019】
図1はバレル研磨装置を正面から見た図を示す。研磨容器30は3個まとめてタンク32に収容保持されており、タンク32自体はユニバーサルジョイント34によって自転軸28に対して取り付けられている。この取り付け状態は、研磨容器30の中心軸36が自転軸28に対して傾くように設置される。研磨容器30は圧電体ブランクと研磨剤とを収容して内面形状を転写するように研磨させるものであるが、本実施形態では、容器内部形状を円盤型空間となるように形成している。すなわち、図5〜図11において説明したように、研磨容器30は容器中心軸36から半径R1の最大半径を持ち、外周部分は幅方向に半径R2の円弧とされており、全体としてタイヤ型の容器構造となっている。
【0020】
図4は図1の研磨装置に設置された状態の研磨容器30の断面を拡大したものを示す。まず、自転軸28が公転軸16に傾きを持たずに平行に設置されている場合について説明する。この場合、圧電体ブランク40は、図4の点P1を通過し公転運動の角速度と同じ角速度で研磨容器30内のA1―A’断面上を滑り、点P1’に至る。また、点P1’から研磨容器内を滑り、点P1に戻り、研磨容器内を一周する。この場合、水晶が滑る研磨容器のA1−A1’面は半径R1の円になる。
【0021】
次に自転軸28に対して容器中心軸36を傾けて設置した場合を考える。α度傾けた場合と、β度(β>α)傾けた場合について説明する。α度傾けた場合は、点P2を通過し、A2−A2’断面上を滑り、点P2’に至り、点P2に戻る。β度傾けた場合は、点P3を通過し、A3−A3’断面上を滑り、点P3’に至り、点P3に戻る。図5は図4のA1−A1’断面、A2−A2’断面、A3−A3’断面を同一面上に示した。この図5を見て分かるように、自転軸28に対して容器中心軸28の傾きを持たせることにより、圧電体ブランク40が通過する研磨容器30の断面は連続的に曲率が変化する軌道となることが分かる。また、自転軸28に対して容器中心軸36の傾きを大きくするほど、断面軌道のもつ最小曲率が小さくなることが分かる。
【0022】
なお前述の方法では、プーリ22、24のサイズを同一で行ったが、それぞれの径が異なっても良い。プーリ24の半径よりもプーリ22の半径が大きい場合について、以下に説明する。
図2のバレル研磨装置において、プーリ24の半径よりもプーリ22の半径のほうが大きく、公転一回転ごとに、公転と反対方向に容器の自転軸廻りの角度が、約5度ずれるようにプーリ22およびプーリ24の半径が設定されている。プーリ22、24の径の比が自転公転の角速度比が異なり、水晶片は公転一回転に対して両プーリ径の比に対応して研磨容器30の内面を相対運動する。
【0023】
そして、研磨容器30の容器中心軸36を自転軸28と交差させて取り付け、研磨容器30を自公転させるとともに、研磨容器30を容器中心軸36を自転軸28と交差点を中心としたコマ運動を行わせる。これは、図1に示しているように、複数の研磨容器30を収容したタンク32を傾けて自転軸28のユニバーサルジョイント34に連結するようにすることで容易に実現できる。これにより、円盤型空間の研磨容器30は自公転しつつ自転軸と直交する交差軸廻りに揺動運動し、コマ運動を行いながら回転される。
【0024】
この研磨容器30の挙動を図3に示す。研磨容器30の中心軸36を自転軸28に対してα°傾けて取り付けることにより、研磨容器30の容器中心軸36を横断する最大直径平面38が公転平面41に対しα°左方に傾いた状態(図3(1))から、中間の最大直径平面38が公転平面41に重なる状態(図3(2))を経て、逆にα°右方に傾いた状態(図3(3))の間で揺動する運動を行う。すなわち、自転軸28と容器中心軸36の交点Oを中心に、容器中心軸36が自転軸28の廻りにコマ運動することになるのである。これによって、収容されている圧電体ブランク40は、図3の各図に示しているように公転運動による遠心力Fによって公転平面41の最大遠隔点位置に置かれるので、研磨容器30の自転運動の最中、圧電体ブランク40は内部で横滑り運動も同時に行われる。
【0025】
(実施例)
外周縁円弧の円盤状空間を有する研磨用容器をR1:60mm、R2:25mmとし、αを33°と27°に設定し解析と加工を行った。図13はα=が33°と27°の時の研磨容器断面形状の計算結果、図14が半径rの変化の計算結果を表している。αを33°に設定することで、研磨容器内面の半径は60mmから45mmまで変化する。αを27°にした場合は容器半径の変化は60mmから50mmまで連続的に変化する。
【0026】
次に実際に加工した例を示す。加工した水晶片は長辺3600μm、短辺が1700μm、厚さは191μm。上記解析条件と同様にR1:60mm、R2:25mm、α:33°(実施例1) R1:60mm、R2:25mm、α:27°(実施例2)で行った。図15は実施例1の条件で加工した場合の水晶片形状。左図は水晶片形状と半径60mmの円を比較したもの、右は水晶片形状と半径45mmの円を比較したもの。この結果から中央部から端部にかけて曲率が連続的に変化し、研磨容器の曲率の変化と同じ曲率が転写加工されていることが分かる。図16は実施例2の加工条件で加工した水晶片の形状。こちらも同様に中央部から端部にかけて連続的に変化する形状を有しており、また研磨容器断面の持つ曲率を有している。
【0027】
なお今回は研磨容器の傾ける角度を固定して加工を行ったが、加工中に傾ける角度を連続的に変化させても良い。曲率の小さな加工は大きな曲率を有する加工面では行われないため、同様の水晶形状を加工することが出来る。また傾ける角度を変えることで研磨容器内の加工軌道を変える事ができ、研磨容器の局部的摩耗を防ぎ容器の使用期間を長くすることができる。
なお、図示の例では説明用にフライホイール10にタンク32が1つしか付いていないが、タンク32が複数設置されていてもよい。
【0028】
以上説明したように、本発明は、自公転される研磨容器の内部に圧電体ブランクと研磨剤を入れて端部を研磨加工する方法において、研磨容器はその容器中心軸を通る断面においてその外周部分が半径R2の円弧を有し、かつ容器中心軸から最大半径R1の円盤状空間を有するものとし、このような研磨容器を自公転させつつ自転軸の一点を中心としたコマ運動を行わせて圧電体ブランクの端部研磨をなすように構成したので、連続的に曲率変化する凸形状を有する水晶片を加工することができ、電気的特性(CI値)に優れた振動片を大量に安価に製造することができる。また容器の傾ける角度を変えることで様々な曲率変化を加工することができ、従来の方法に比べ経済性に優れる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 実施形態に係る加工装置の正面図である。
【図2】 同装置の側面図である。
【図3】 実施形態に係る加工装置における研磨容器の挙動の説明図である。
【図4】 研磨容器の拡大断面説明図である。
【図5】 研磨容器における研磨軌道断面図である。
【図6】 長円断面の研磨容器の外観概要図である。
【図7】 同断面図である。
【図8】 自公転装置に取り付けた研磨容器の説明図である。
【図9】 研磨容器を傾けない場合の研磨軌道図である。
【図10】 実施形態に適用する研磨容器の説明断面図である。
【図11】 同研磨容器の解析モデルのX−Y平面での容器断面図である。
【図12】 同Y−Z平面での容器断面である。
【図13】 研磨容器断面形状の計算結果
【図14】 研磨容器の半径rの変化の計算結果
【図15】 実施例1の条件で加工した場合の水晶片形状を示している。
【図16】 実施例2の条件で加工した場合の水晶片形状を示している。
【符号の説明】
10………フライホイール、12,14………回転板、16………公転軸、18………ベルト、20………モータ、22………第1プーリ、24………第2プーリ、26………ベルト、28………自転軸、30………研磨容器、32………タンク、34………ユニバーサルジョイント、36………容器中心軸、38………最大直径平面、40………圧電体ブランク。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for polishing a piezoelectric vibrating piece, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for performing convex processing and chamfering processing by polishing an end portion of a piezoelectric blank with a predetermined curvature.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, it is natural that a piezoelectric device such as a crystal resonator should have a lower electrical resistance. In particular, in the case of a piezoelectric vibrator, mechanical motion is converted into electrical energy, so that a low electrical resistance is equivalent to a loss of mechanical motion, that is, a loss of vibration energy. Usually, when an electric field is applied to a vibrating piece of an AT-cut quartz crystal resonator, which is a typical example of a piezoelectric vibrator, thickness shear vibration is generated through electrodes formed on both surfaces of the vibrating piece. The vibration is attenuated exponentially in the portion without the electrode.
[0003]
However, when the vibrator is miniaturized, the vibration attenuation region cannot be made large, and the vibration is transmitted to the mount portion. This causes a loss of vibration energy, which increases the crystal impedance (CI value) as an electrical resistance. End up. In the thickness sliding vibrating piece, the vibration frequency and the thickness are inversely related, and the frequency decreases as the thickness increases. Further, when the frequency is lowered (the crystal piece is thicker), the vibrating area tends to be greatly expanded. When a piezoelectric vibration piece having a low frequency is mounted on a package with a conductive adhesive or the like, vibration is transmitted to the holding portion, and the CI value rapidly increases. Even if the frequency is relatively high, if the piezoelectric vibrating piece is downsized, the vibration is transmitted to the holding portion and the CI value becomes high.
[0004]
From the standpoint of suppressing the propagation of mechanical vibrations in order to suppress the CI value low, various modes caused by reflection from the contour are attenuated, and the temperature characteristic is improved and at the same time a high Q value is obtained. As a means, a convex processing method (including a beveling process) is used. This is an indispensable processing method in a relatively low frequency region in order to make the crystal resonator small and excellent in impedance characteristics. In this method, the corner portion of the rectangular blank is cut and the piezoelectric vibrating piece is processed into a convex shape on both sides so that the vibration area is confined in the central portion and processed so that vibration is not transmitted to the holding portion.
[0005]
In this convex processing method, a plurality of piezoelectric blanks and abrasives are put together in a polishing container (pot) having an inner surface of a sphere and a pipe shape, the polishing container is rotated and revolved, and a crystal piece is formed by centrifugal force due to the rotation While pressing against the inner surface of the container, the inner shape of the polishing container is transferred to a blank by relative movement by rotation (Patent Document 1). When the angular velocity of rotation and revolution is the same and the direction of rotation is reversed, the crystal piece makes one round of the inner surface of the polishing container for one revolution.
[0006]
Convex-processed crystal resonator elements exhibit excellent characteristics such as improved CI value, but by reducing the end curvature of the convex-processed resonator elements stepwise toward the end, the crystal resonator characteristics can be further improved. It has been found that it can be improved (Patent Document 2). In this method, a plurality of polishing containers having different curvatures on the inner surface are prepared, and processing is performed while transferring a blank to a polishing container having a smaller curvature in order from a polishing container having a larger curvature. In addition, there is also shown a method of processing a crystal piece whose curvature changes continuously at an end using a polishing container whose surface orthogonal to the revolution rotation axis has an elliptical shape (Patent Document 3).
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-8-216041 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-107580 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-158320
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the method described in Patent Document 2 is a stepwise process in which chamfering is performed step by step toward the end, and the ridgeline appears because the curvature changes every time the polishing container is switched. It cannot be considered as a change in curvature. According to Patent Document 2, it is understood that the CI value characteristic is improved as the number of chamfering steps is increased, and the continuously changing shape is ideal. However, there is a problem in that the processing must be performed in a plurality of times, which is very time consuming. In the method described in Patent Document 3, the piezoelectric resonator element has an ideal curvature shape that differs depending on the size and frequency (thickness). To cope with this, a number of containers with different polishing shapes must be prepared. There is a problem that must be.
The present invention aims to provide an apparatus and method capable of processing the end portion of a piezoelectric blank so that the curvature is continuously reduced while using a single polishing container, focusing on the above-mentioned conventional problems. And
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, grinding apparatus for a piezoelectric resonator element according to the present invention is an apparatus for polishing the end put piezoelectric blank and abrasives in the interior of the polishing vessel, rotating the revolution shaft A rotating shaft is provided around the rotating body as a center in parallel with the revolving shaft, and a polishing container is attached to the rotating shaft, and the polishing container is rotated and revolved to polish the end of the accommodated piezoelectric blank. In the apparatus for polishing a piezoelectric vibrating piece, the polishing container has a circular arc having a radius R2 in a cross section passing through the container central axis, and a disk-shaped space having a maximum radius R1 from the container central axis. The center axis of the disc-shaped space and the container center axis coincide with each other, and the container center axis intersects with the rotation axis . In this case, the maximum diameter plane that traverses the central axis of the disk-shaped space and has the maximum radius R1 is swung around the intersecting axis of the maximum diameter plane and the revolution plane, and the accommodated piezoelectric blank What is necessary is just to grind | polish the edge part.
[0010]
Further, a piezoelectric blank housing portion of the polishing container is formed in the disk-like space, the polishing container is attached with a container center axis intersecting the rotation axis, and the piezoelectric blank to be housed is attached to the polishing container. The end of the piezoelectric blank can also be configured to be polished by sliding in the circumferential direction and side-sliding along the width direction.
Furthermore, the present invention provides an apparatus for polishing the end portion of a polishing container by inserting a piezoelectric blank and an abrasive, and attaching the container center axis so as to intersect the rotation axis, and the container center axis and the rotation The tilt angle with the shaft can be changed.
[0011]
Further, a method of polishing a piezoelectric resonator element according to the present invention is a method of polishing the end put abrasive the piezoelectric blank inside the polishing vessel to be revolving, said polishing vessel the container central axis The outer peripheral portion of the cross-section passing through the arc has an arc with a radius R2 and has a disk-shaped space with a maximum radius R1 from the container central axis, and the polishing container having the disk-shaped space rotates and revolves while rotating and rotating. It is characterized in that the edge of the piezoelectric blank is polished by performing a frame motion around one point.
[0012]
Further, in the method of polishing the end portion by inserting a piezoelectric blank and an abrasive into the polishing container , the polishing container has an arc having a radius R2 in the cross section passing through the container central axis, and A disk-shaped space having a maximum radius R1 from the container central axis , traversing the central axis of the disk-shaped space while revolving the polishing container having the disk-shaped space, and a maximum diameter plane having the maximum radius R1 Is configured to polish the end of the piezoelectric blank accommodated by causing the polishing container to continuously change the angle by swinging around the crossing axis of the maximum diameter plane and the revolution plane. You can also.
[0013]
By configuring in this way, by tilting the central axis of the disk-shaped space of the polishing container having an inner peripheral shape in which the vertical cross-sectional shape is a disk-shaped space at the outer peripheral arc, with respect to the rotation axis parallel to the revolution axis The piezoelectric blank can move relative to the cross section of the container whose curvature changes continuously, and can process a shape whose curvature changes continuously over the end of the piezoelectric vibrating piece.
In addition, by changing the angle of inclination, it is possible to process from a sharp curvature change to a loose one, and it is possible to process various curvature changes with one polishing container.
[0014]
When the state of relative motion between the polishing container , the piezoelectric blank and the abrasive during processing is examined, the following is obtained. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a polishing container P having a circular arc in its outer peripheral portion in a cross section passing through the container central axis and having a disk-shaped space having a maximum radius from the container central axis, and FIG. 7 is a sectional view. As shown in the figure, this polishing container P has a maximum radius of radius R1 from the container center axis CL, and the outer peripheral portion has an arc of radius R2 in the width direction, and has a tire-type container structure as a whole. FIG. 8 shows a state where the polishing container P is rotating and revolving in a normal state. The X ′ axis is a revolution axis, and the revolution movement is a uniform circular motion in the Y′-Z ′ plane. The X axis represents a rotation axis, and the orbit of the piezoelectric blank and the abrasive that move relative to each other in the polishing container has a cross-sectional shape of the polishing container cut out on the YZ plane. When the tire-shaped pot rotates and revolves without tilting the revolution axis, the trajectory through which the piezoelectric blank passes is a circle R1 as shown in FIG. Therefore, the piezoelectric vibrating reed is transferred to the shape of R1 on the long side and R2 on the short side.
[0015]
Next, when the polishing container is inclined by α ° with respect to the rotation axis parallel to the revolution axis as in the present invention, the trajectory in the container through which the piezoelectric blank passes is obtained. An XY cross section when tilted by α ° is shown in FIG. Even in this case, the piezoelectric blank has a cross-sectional shape of the polishing container on the YZ plane due to the centrifugal force of the revolving motion. Here, in order to facilitate mathematical analysis, the polishing container is fixed to the coordinate axis, and the cross-sectional shape of the polishing container when it is inclined by α ° is obtained. The models to be analyzed are shown in FIGS. FIG. 11 shows a cross section of the container on the XY plane, and FIG. 12 shows a cross section of the container on the YZ plane. In this case, the cross-sectional shape of the container is represented by the following formula.
[Expression 1]
Figure 0004066172
[0016]
The change r of the radius of the trajectory through which the piezoelectric blank passes is determined by R1, R2 and α as shown in the following equation.
[Expression 2]
Figure 0004066172
Thus, it can be seen that by adopting an appropriate combination, it is possible to realize a machining trajectory (container cross-sectional shape) whose curvature changes continuously.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of an apparatus and method for polishing a piezoelectric vibrating piece according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 show a barrel polishing apparatus according to this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a side view. In this device, a revolving motion is performed by a cable drum type flywheel 10 as a rotating body. The flywheel 10 is formed in a cable drum shape by connecting a pair of rotating plates 12 and 14 by a revolving shaft 16 as a central axis, and is supported rotatably on a gantry (not shown). A belt 18 is wound around the outer periphery of one rotating plate 12 constituting the flywheel 10, and the belt 18 is rotated by a motor 20 to perform a revolving motion.
[0018]
Further, a first pulley 22 is fixed coaxially with the revolution shaft 16 on the outer surface side of one rotary plate 12 in the flywheel 10, and attached to the outer peripheral edge side of the rotary plate 12 to the first pulley 22. A belt 26 is stretched between the second pulley 24 and the second pulley 24. The pulleys 22 and 24 have the same size and constitute a one-to-one rotation ratio. The second pulley 24 is connected to a rotation shaft 28 that is passed between the pair of rotating plates 12 and 14 of the flywheel 10, whereby the rotation shaft 28 rotates in the opposite direction at the same angular velocity as the rotation angular velocity of the flywheel 10. To be. Accordingly, the angular speeds of rotation and revolution are the same and the directions of rotation are opposite to each other, and the crystal piece accommodated in the polishing container 30 attached to the rotation shaft 28 is the inner circumference of the polishing container 30 with respect to one revolution. It will go around the surface.
[0019]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a barrel polishing apparatus. Three polishing containers 30 are collectively accommodated and held in a tank 32, and the tank 32 itself is attached to the rotation shaft 28 by a universal joint 34. In this attached state, the center axis 36 of the polishing container 30 is installed so as to be inclined with respect to the rotation axis 28. The polishing container 30 contains a piezoelectric blank and an abrasive and is polished so as to transfer the inner surface shape. In this embodiment, the inner shape of the container is formed to be a disk space . That is, as described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 11, the polishing container 30 has the maximum radius of the radius R1 from the container center axis 36, and the outer peripheral portion is an arc of the radius R2 in the width direction. It has a container structure.
[0020]
FIG. 4 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the polishing container 30 installed in the polishing apparatus of FIG. First, a case where the rotation shaft 28 is installed in parallel to the revolution shaft 16 without being inclined will be described. In this case, the piezoelectric blank 40 passes through the point P1 in FIG. 4 and slides on the A1-A ′ cross section in the polishing container 30 at the same angular velocity as the angular velocity of the revolving motion, and reaches the point P1 ′. Further, it slides in the polishing container from the point P1 ′, returns to the point P1, and makes a round in the polishing container. In this case, the A1-A1 ′ surface of the polishing container on which the crystal slides becomes a circle with a radius R1.
[0021]
Next, consider a case where the container center axis 36 is inclined with respect to the rotation axis 28. A case where the tilt is α degrees and a case where the tilt is β degrees (β> α) will be described. When it is inclined by α degrees, it passes through the point P2, slides on the A2-A2 ′ cross section, reaches the point P2 ′, and returns to the point P2. When it is inclined β degrees, it passes through the point P3, slides on the A3-A3 ′ cross section, reaches the point P3 ′, and returns to the point P3. FIG. 5 shows the A1-A1 ′ cross section, the A2-A2 ′ cross section, and the A3-A3 ′ cross section of FIG. 4 on the same plane. As can be seen from FIG. 5, by giving the inclination of the container center axis 28 with respect to the rotation axis 28, the cross section of the polishing container 30 through which the piezoelectric blank 40 passes has a trajectory whose curvature changes continuously. I understand that It can also be seen that the minimum curvature of the cross-sectional trajectory decreases as the inclination of the container center axis 36 with respect to the rotation axis 28 increases.
[0022]
In the above-described method, the pulleys 22 and 24 have the same size, but their diameters may be different. A case where the radius of the pulley 22 is larger than the radius of the pulley 24 will be described below.
In the barrel polishing apparatus of FIG. 2, the pulley 22 has a radius larger than the radius of the pulley 24, and the pulley 22 is arranged so that the angle around the rotation axis of the container is shifted by about 5 degrees in each direction of revolution. And the radius of the pulley 24 is set. The ratio of the diameters of the pulleys 22 and 24 is different from the angular speed ratio of rotation and revolution, and the crystal piece relatively moves on the inner surface of the polishing container 30 corresponding to the ratio of both pulley diameters with respect to one revolution.
[0023]
Then, the container central axis 36 of the polishing container 30 is attached so as to intersect with the rotation axis 28, and the polishing container 30 rotates and revolves. Let it be done. As shown in FIG. 1, this can be easily realized by tilting a tank 32 containing a plurality of polishing containers 30 and connecting it to the universal joint 34 of the rotation shaft 28. As a result, the polishing container 30 in the disc-shaped space rotates and revolves around the crossing axis perpendicular to the rotation axis, and rotates while performing a top motion.
[0024]
The behavior of the polishing container 30 is shown in FIG. By attaching the central axis 36 of the polishing container 30 with an inclination of α ° with respect to the rotation axis 28, the maximum diameter plane 38 crossing the container central axis 36 of the polishing container 30 is inclined α ° to the left with respect to the revolution plane 41. From the state (FIG. 3 (1)), the intermediate maximum diameter plane 38 is overlapped with the revolution plane 41 (FIG. 3 (2)), and then is inclined α ° rightward (FIG. 3 (3)). Swing between the two. That is, the container center axis 36 moves around the rotation axis 28 about the intersection O between the rotation axis 28 and the container center axis 36. As a result, the accommodated piezoelectric blank 40 is placed at the maximum remote point position of the revolution plane 41 by the centrifugal force F due to the revolution movement as shown in each drawing of FIG. During this period, the piezoelectric blank 40 also undergoes a side-sliding motion at the same time.
[0025]
(Example)
A polishing container having a disk-like space with an outer peripheral arc was R1: 60 mm and R2: 25 mm, and α was set to 33 ° and 27 ° for analysis and processing. FIG. 13 shows the calculation result of the cross-sectional shape of the polishing container when α = 33 ° and 27 °, and FIG. 14 shows the calculation result of the change in the radius r. By setting α to 33 °, the radius of the inner surface of the polishing container changes from 60 mm to 45 mm. When α is set to 27 °, the change in the container radius continuously changes from 60 mm to 50 mm.
[0026]
Next, an example of actual processing will be shown. The processed crystal piece has a long side of 3600 μm, a short side of 1700 μm, and a thickness of 191 μm. Similar to the above analysis conditions, R1: 60 mm, R2: 25 mm, α: 33 ° (Example 1) R1: 60 mm, R2: 25 mm, α: 27 ° (Example 2). FIG. 15 shows the shape of a crystal piece when processed under the conditions of Example 1. The left figure compares the crystal piece shape with a circle with a radius of 60 mm, and the right figure compares the crystal piece shape with a circle with a radius of 45 mm. From this result, it can be seen that the curvature continuously changes from the center to the end, and the same curvature as the change in the curvature of the polishing container is transferred. FIG. 16 shows the shape of a crystal piece processed under the processing conditions of Example 2. This also has a shape that continuously changes from the center to the end, and also has the curvature of the cross section of the polishing container.
[0027]
In this case, the processing is performed with the angle of inclination of the polishing container fixed, but the angle of inclination during processing may be continuously changed. Since processing with a small curvature is not performed on a processed surface having a large curvature, a similar crystal shape can be processed. Further, by changing the angle of inclination, the processing trajectory in the polishing container can be changed, and local wear of the polishing container can be prevented and the use period of the container can be extended.
In the illustrated example, only one tank 32 is attached to the flywheel 10 for explanation, but a plurality of tanks 32 may be provided.
[0028]
As described above, the present invention is a method in which a piezoelectric blank and an abrasive are placed inside a self-revolving polishing container to polish the end, and the polishing container has an outer periphery in a cross section passing through the container central axis. The part has an arc with a radius R2 and a disk-shaped space with a maximum radius R1 from the central axis of the container, and a coma motion is performed around one point of the rotational axis while revolving the polishing container. Since the end of the piezoelectric blank is polished, a crystal piece having a convex shape with continuously changing curvature can be processed, and a large number of vibrating pieces having excellent electrical characteristics (CI value) can be processed. It can be manufactured at low cost. Moreover, various curvature changes can be processed by changing the angle of inclination of the container, which is more economical than conventional methods.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a processing apparatus according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the apparatus.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the behavior of the polishing container in the processing apparatus according to the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional explanatory view of a polishing container.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a polishing track in a polishing container.
FIG. 6 is a schematic external view of a polishing container having an oval cross section.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the same.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a polishing container attached to a self-revolving device.
FIG. 9 is a polishing trajectory diagram when the polishing container is not tilted.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory sectional view of a polishing container applied to the embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the container on the XY plane of the analysis model of the polishing container.
FIG. 12 is a cross section of the container in the YZ plane.
FIG. 13 shows the calculation result of the cross-sectional shape of the polishing container. FIG. 14 shows the calculation result of the change in the radius r of the polishing container. FIG. 15 shows the crystal piece shape when processed under the conditions of Example 1.
16 shows the shape of a crystal piece when processed under the conditions of Example 2. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 ......... Flywheel, 12, 14 ......... Rotating plate, 16 ......... Revolving shaft, 18 ......... Belt, 20 ...... Motor, 22 ......... First pulley, 24 ......... Second pulley 26 ......... Belt, 28 ......... Rotating shaft, 30 ......... Polishing container, 32 ......... Tank, 34 ......... Universal joint, 36 ......... Container central axis, 38 ......... Maximum diameter plane, 40 ..... Piezoelectric blank.

Claims (6)

研磨容器の内部に圧電体ブランクと研磨剤を入れて端部を研磨加工する装置であって、公転軸を回転中心とする回転体の周囲に前記公転軸と平行に自転軸を設け、この自転軸に研磨容器を取り付けるとともに、前記研磨容器を自公転させて、収容した前記圧電体ブランクの端部を研磨する圧電振動片の研磨加工装置において、
前記研磨容器はその容器中心軸を通る断面においてその外周部分が半径R2の円弧を有し、かつ容器中心軸から最大半径R1の円盤状空間を有し、さらに、該円盤状空間の中心軸と前記容器中心軸とを一致させると共に、前記容器中心軸を前記自転軸と交差させたことを特徴とする圧電振動片の研磨加工装置。
An apparatus for polishing an end put piezoelectric blank and abrasives in the interior of the polishing vessel, provided the revolution axis parallel to the rotation axis around the rotary member to rotate around the revolution axis, the rotation In a polishing apparatus for a piezoelectric vibrating piece that attaches a polishing container to a shaft and revolves the polishing container to polish the end of the accommodated piezoelectric blank ,
In the cross section passing through the container central axis, the polishing container has an outer peripheral portion having an arc having a radius R2 and a disk-shaped space having a maximum radius R1 from the container central axis, and further, a center axis of the disk-shaped space; An apparatus for polishing a piezoelectric vibrating piece, wherein the container center axis is aligned with the container center axis and intersects with the rotation axis .
前記円盤状空間の中心軸を横断し、かつ前記最大半径R1を有する最大直径平面は、該最大直径平面と公転平面との交差軸回りに揺動することを特徴とする請求項1記載の圧電振動片の研磨加工装置。 2. The piezoelectric device according to claim 1 , wherein a maximum diameter plane that traverses a central axis of the disk-shaped space and has the maximum radius R <b> 1 swings about an intersection axis of the maximum diameter plane and the revolution plane. Vibration piece polishing machine. 前記研磨容器の圧電体ブランク収容部を前記円盤状空間に形成し、当該研磨容器は容器中心軸を前記自転軸に対して交差させて取り付けられ、収容される圧電体ブランクを前記研磨容器の内部で周方向滑りと幅方向に沿った横滑り運動させ、前記圧電体ブランク端部を研磨可能としたことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の圧電振動片の研磨加工装置。  A piezoelectric blank housing portion of the polishing container is formed in the disk-like space, the polishing container is attached with a container central axis intersecting the rotation axis, and the piezoelectric blank to be housed is placed inside the polishing container. 3. The apparatus for polishing a piezoelectric vibrating piece according to claim 1, wherein the end of the piezoelectric blank can be polished by sliding in the circumferential direction and side-sliding along the width direction. 前記容器中心軸を前記自転軸と交差させて取り付け、前記容器中心軸と前記自転軸との交差角度は変更可能であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載の圧電振動片の研磨加工装置。4. The piezoelectric device according to claim 1, wherein the container center axis is attached so as to intersect with the rotation axis, and an intersection angle between the container center axis and the rotation axis is changeable. 5. Vibration piece polishing machine. 自公転される研磨容器の内部に圧電体ブランクと研磨剤を入れて端部を研磨加工する方法において、
前記研磨容器はその容器中心軸を通る断面においてその外周部分が半径R2の円弧を有し、かつ容器中心軸から最大半径R1の円盤状空間を有し、
前記円盤状空間を有する研磨容器を自公転させつつ自転軸の一点を中心としたコマ運動を行わせて前記圧電体ブランクの端部研磨をなすことを特徴とする圧電振動片の研磨加工方法。
In the method of polishing the end by putting a piezoelectric blank and an abrasive in the polishing container that rotates and revolves,
The polishing container has a circular arc with a radius R2 in the cross section passing through the container central axis, and a disk-shaped space with a maximum radius R1 from the container central axis,
A polishing method for a piezoelectric vibrating piece, characterized in that an end portion of the piezoelectric blank is polished by rotating a polishing container having a disk-shaped space around a point of a rotation axis while rotating the polishing container.
研磨容器の内部に圧電体ブランクと研磨剤を入れて端部を研磨加工する方法において、
前記研磨容器はその容器中心軸を通る断面においてその外周部分が半径R2の円弧を有し、かつ容器中心軸から最大半径R1の円盤状空間であり、
前記円盤状空間を有する研磨容器を自公転させつつ、前記円盤状空間の中心軸を横断してなる前記最大半径R1の最大直径平面を、該最大直径平面と公転平面との交差軸回りに揺動させることにより研磨容器に連続的な角度変化をおこさせて収容された前記圧電体ブランクの端部研磨をなすことを特徴とする圧電振動片の研磨加工方法。
In the method of polishing the end by putting a piezoelectric blank and an abrasive inside the polishing container,
The polishing container is a disc-shaped space having a radius R2 at the outer periphery in a cross section passing through the container central axis, and having a maximum radius R1 from the container central axis.
While the polishing container having the disk-shaped space is rotated and revolved, the maximum diameter plane having the maximum radius R1 crossing the central axis of the disk-shaped space is swung around the intersection axis of the maximum diameter plane and the revolution plane. A method for polishing a piezoelectric vibrating piece, comprising polishing the end of the piezoelectric blank accommodated by moving the polishing container so as to continuously change the angle.
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