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JP4068005B2 - Method and apparatus for removing phosphorus in water - Google Patents
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JP4068005B2 - Method and apparatus for removing phosphorus in water - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for removing phosphorus in water Download PDF

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JP4068005B2
JP4068005B2 JP2003127202A JP2003127202A JP4068005B2 JP 4068005 B2 JP4068005 B2 JP 4068005B2 JP 2003127202 A JP2003127202 A JP 2003127202A JP 2003127202 A JP2003127202 A JP 2003127202A JP 4068005 B2 JP4068005 B2 JP 4068005B2
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phosphorus
water
fine particles
fluidized bed
column
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JP2004330022A (en
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克之 片岡
孝幸 加太
讓二 原田
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Ebara Corp
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Ebara Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、富栄養化の原因物質である自然環境水(河川、湖沼、海)中のリン酸イオンのほか、下水、工場排水中のリンを高速かつ高度に除去する技術に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
河川、湖沼、海域の富栄養化を防止するためには、これら自然環境水に含まれるリンを高度に除去する必要がある。富栄養化による現象の典型例として、赤潮、アオコの発生があるが、このような現象はリン濃度が0.02mg/リットル以上で起きやすいといわれている。
【0003】
従来、このようなリンを含有する自然環境水や下水、工場排水などの各種の水(以下「リン含有原水」という)にPAC(ポリ塩化アルミニウム)、塩化第2鉄などの無機凝集剤を、(Fe/P)又は(Al/P)のモル比で2〜3以上になるように注入して撹拌を行い、フロックを形成させ、そのあと高分子凝集剤を添加し凝集槽でフロックを形成させた後、沈殿することによってリンを凝集除去する技術が知られている。
【0004】
また、微粒子状のリン吸着材を原水に添加撹拌して原水中のリンを吸着、除去した後、沈降分離する方法も公知である(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。この方法は、図2に示すようにリン含有原水1に微粒子状リン吸着材12を添加してから、撹拌槽11においてその吸着材のリン吸着量がほぼ最大に達する時間(通常数10分〜1時間以上)まで撹拌した後、微粒子状吸着材を沈殿分離槽13で沈降分離する操作が必要である。8は処理水である。
【0005】
その他、水酸化第2鉄及び/又は水酸化アルミニウムからなる粒子により、沈降濃縮性が制御可能なスラリーを作成し、例えば攪拌槽内で該スラリーを流動状態においてリンを含有する原水と接触させた後、リンを吸着した前記スラリーを固液分離し、分離水を処理水とすることを特徴とする水中のリン除去方法(特許文献1)が提案されている。
【0006】
さらに、リン含有水に水和酸化鉄粒子と高分子凝集剤を添加して円筒カラムの下部から上向流で流入させて、円筒カラム内に水和酸化鉄粒子の流動層を形成させることにより、リン含有水中のリン酸イオンを除去し、リン酸イオンを取り込んだ水酸化鉄粒子スラリを引き抜いて、それに酸を添加しpH3以下の酸性に調整した後、固液分離し、そこで分離した再生水酸化鉄粒子をリン含有水に返送し、かつ該固液分離で得た分離液にアンモニウムとMg2+を添加してアルカリ性pH条件でNH4 MgPO4 沈殿を析出せしめることを特徴とするリン含有水からのリン酸イオンの除去・回収方法(特許文献2)が提案されている。
【0007】
【非特許文献1】
1976年6月;技報堂刊;「水処理工学」;p427−、8.6.1項 撹拌槽吸着装置。
【特許文献1】
特開平7−232161号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2002−159977号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、従来のリン含有原水に無機凝集剤を添加してリンを除去する凝集沈殿法においては、リン含有水、例えば下水処理に対して塩化第2鉄、ポリ硫酸鉄、硫酸アルミニウム、ポリ塩化アルミニウム等の無機凝集剤を直接添加し、撹拌することにより、急速にリン酸第2鉄もしくはリン酸アルミニウムのフロック状沈殿を生成させる手段を取っている。この場合、下記のような沈殿反応、すなわち、
3++PO4 3- → MPO4↓ ……(1)
3++3OH- → M(OH)3↓ ……(2)
(ここで、M3+はFe3+又はAl3+を表す。)の沈殿生成反応が生じ、リンが除去されると同時に、極めて難濃縮で、また難脱水のMPO4やM(OH)3の沈殿が生成してしまい、この沈殿を処理しなければならないという問題を伴う。従来法のように、リン除去対象水に無機凝集剤を直接添加する方法では、多量のリン含有水(pH中性)に、少量の無機凝集剤を添加するので、pH中性領域でMPO4やM(OH)3の沈殿の生成が急速に進行してしまうため、濃縮脱水性の良いMPO4やM(OH)3の沈殿を生成させることは不可能である。
【0009】
また、特許文献2のリン含有水からのリン酸イオンの除去・回収方法の場合、本発明者等の実験によれば、次のような問題点がある。
(a)リン含有水に水酸化鉄微粒子と高分子凝集剤を添加するだけでは、処理水中のリンを0.02mg/リットル以下と極めて低濃度にすることは、多量の水酸化鉄微粒子を添加しない限り困難であり、処理コストが高額になり、汚泥処理量も増える。
(b)水酸化鉄微粒子を添加せずに、原水に無機凝集剤を(Fe又はAl/原水P)のモル比2ないし3以上添加し、かつ高分子凝集剤を添加すると、流動層でバルキーなフロックが生成し、フロック密度が小さいため、小さな上昇流速でないと安定した流動層を形成できず、流動層が不安定になり処理水にフロックが流出してしまうトラブルが起き易い。かつ、非常に濃縮性の悪い凝集沈殿スラッジが多量に発生してしまい、汚泥処理が厄介になる。なお、前記「(Fe又はAl/原水P)のモル比」の「Fe又はAl」は無機凝集剤の金属イオンであるので、「(金属イオン/原水P)のモル比」とも表すことができる。
【0010】
本発明は、上記のような従来技術の諸問題を根本的に解決するものであり、河川、湖沼などの自然環境水、下水、下水処理水、各種産業排水などのリン含有水から、リンを極めて簡単な方法で高速かつ高度に除去できる新技術を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、このような知見に基づいて、これらの現象の出現を防止することを意図してなされたものであり、上記の課題は下記の手段により解決された。
(1)リン含有原水に無機凝集剤を添加し撹拌したのち、リン吸着性微粒子、次いで有機高分子凝集剤を添加して、カラムに上向流で供給してリン吸着性微粒子から形成されるペレットの流動層を形成させ、該流動層でリン吸着性微粒子を該原水と接触させて、リンを吸着除去すると共に、流動層を流出した水を処理水として得ることを特徴とする水中のリンの除去方法。
(2)前記リン吸着性微粒子が水酸化鉄であることを特徴とする前記(1)記載の水中のリンの除去方法。
(3)前記無機凝集剤の添加量が、金属イオン/原水Pモル比で2以下であることを特徴とする前記(1)記載の水中のリンの除去方法。
【0012】
(4)リン含有原水に無機凝集剤を添加してマイクロフロックを形成させる撹拌槽と、内部に被処理水の上昇流を形成して、リン吸着性微粒子から形成されるペレットの流動層が形成されるカラムを設け、前記カラムの下端に前記撹拌槽からのマイクロフロックを形成したリン含有原水にリン吸着性微粒子を添加した被処理水の導入口を設け、下部に有機高分子凝集剤の導入口を設け、カラムの中間位置の前記流動層の上方界面位置にリン吸着性微粒子含有余剰汚泥の排出口を設け、かつカラム上部に前記流動層を通過してリンを除去された処理水の排水部が設けられた流動層装置とを有することを特徴とする水中のリンの除去装置。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
なお、図2で示した部分と同一部分は同一符号を用いて示す。本発明の骨子は、図1に実施例を示すように、リン除去対象のリン含有原水1に、PAC、硫酸バンドなどの無機凝集剤2を添加して攪拌槽3で撹拌したのち、水酸化鉄もしくは水酸化アルミニウムなどのリン吸着性微粒子例えば水酸化鉄微粒子4(粒径100μm以下)と、ポリアクリルアミドなどの有機高分子凝集剤6を、この順序で添加してカラム5に上向流で供給して、水酸化鉄又は水酸化アルミニウムなどのリン吸着性微粒子の流動層7を形成させることによって、リンを最も合理的かつ高度に除去でき、生成汚泥の濃縮脱水性も良好にできることを発見したことにある。
なお、図1中で10はブランケット界面、9は余剰スラッジである。
【0014】
これに対し、本発明では上記の難濃縮で、また難脱水性のMPO4やM(OH)3のマイクロフロックに水酸化鉄などのリン吸着性微粒子を添加した後、有機高分子凝集剤を添加する。その結果、マイクロフロックと共にリン吸着性微粒子が強く凝集して粒径数mmのペレット状になり、従って濃縮脱水性の良いM(OH)3の凝集フロックを再現性良く生成させることが可能になる。
【0015】
リン吸着性微粒子としては、水酸化鉄、酸化鉄、水酸化アルミニウム、酸化アルミニウム、鹿沼土微粉砕物、アロフェン、上水汚泥、酸化チタン、酸化ジルコニウムなどが利用できるが、コスト面とリン吸着性能の両者が優れている水酸化鉄、又は水酸化アルミニウムを利用するのが好適である。そして、リン吸着性微粒子の粒径は、一般に10〜150μmであり、好ましくは100μm以下である。
【0016】
リン吸着性能が優れた水酸化第2鉄又は水酸化アルミニウム微粒子の製造法としては、硫酸第2鉄、ポリ硫酸第2鉄、塩化第2鉄などの第2鉄塩水溶液、もしくは硫酸アルミニウム、塩化アルミニウムを、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化ナトリウムなどのアルカリ剤でpH5〜8に中和すればよい。
【0017】
本発明の課題達成のためには、水酸化鉄微粒子、水酸化アルミニウムなどリン吸着性微粒子のどれでも同様な作用を示すこと、及び無機凝集剤としてはアルミニウム系、鉄系のどちらも同様の効果を示すので、以下の本発明の説明では文章の煩雑化を避けるため、水酸化鉄微粒子及びPACを例に挙げて説明する。
【0018】
図1において、下水、下水2次処理水などのリン含有原水1に、先ず無機凝集剤2としてPACを微量添加し、1〜2分撹拌し、肉眼では見えにくい程度の大きさのマイクロフロックを形成させる。撹拌は管路撹拌でも良い。次に水酸化鉄微粒子4を添加し、直ちに又は1〜3秒撹拌(撹拌槽3及び撹拌機が不要な管路撹拌で充分)した後、有機高分子凝集剤6を添加して、カラム7に上向流で供給することが重要である。この薬品添加の順番を変え、原水1にリン吸着性微粒子4を添加したのち、無機凝集剤4を添加し、さらに高分子凝集剤6を添加する方法では、安定した流動層7が形成されず、リン除去効果が劣ることが認められた。
【0019】
また、本発明においては、(金属イオン/原水P)モル比で2以下の微量の無機凝集剤2を添加し、その後リン吸着性微粒子4を添加することが重要である。さもないと汚泥の濃縮性、脱水性が悪化してしまう。
流動層形成カラム5内の上向流流速は、かなり大きく設定でき、400〜500mm/minの範囲が好適である。
有機高分子凝集剤としては種々のものが適用できるが、アニオン系、ノニオン系のポリアクリルアミドが最も適している。カチオン系は効果が劣る。
【0020】
このような簡単な操作によって、水酸化鉄微粒子が強く凝集して粒径数mmのペレット状に変化し、極めて高濃度のペレット流動層(ペレットブランケット)9が形成される。
ペレット流動層7の高さが1〜2mの位置に、余剰スラッジ排出口を設けておく。
【0021】
従って、本発明では図2のような滞留時間が30分程度の反応槽(撹拌槽)11(リン吸着材微粒子12と原水1を接触させリンを吸着させる槽)が不要になるという顕著な効果を生じる。このことは、原水1の処理流量が例えば5万m3/日という下水処理を想定すると、容積1040m3(撹拌時間30分の場合)の大容積撹拌槽11と攪拌機が不要になるという大きな経費削減効果があり、設置面積と設備費の大きな削減ができるという大きな利点を生じる。
【0022】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明を実施例によって具体的に説明するが、本発明はこの実施例により何等限定されるものではない。
【0023】
実施例1
図1のフロー図にしたがって本発明によるリンの高速・高効率除去試験を行った。試験条件をつぎに記す。

Figure 0004068005
【0024】
Figure 0004068005
【0025】
(実験結果)
上昇流速30m/h、原水の流動層通過時間が滞留時間5分という高速処理条件で運転開始後、高濃度の水酸化鉄凝集粒子流動層の高さが1200mmに達した時点以後は、安定して処理水リン濃度が0.01〜0.02mg/リットルとなった。処理水濁度は常に1度以下であり、添加した水酸化鉄微粒子及び、PACから生成した水酸化アルミニウムは、流動層においてほぼ完全に捕捉されていた。流動層固形物濃度は30g/リットルであり、流動層から排泥したスラッジの濃縮性は、24時間静置後の固形物濃度が91g/リットルと高濃度に濃縮された。
【0026】
比較例1
PACを添加せず、それ以外は上記試験条件と同一条件で試験した場合には、処理水リン濃度は0.05〜0.058mg/リットルであり、処理水リン濃度を0.02mg/リットル以下にすることはできなかった。処理水リン濃度を0.02mg/リットル以下にするには、水酸化鉄微粒子を50mg/リットルと多量に添加しなければならなかった。この時の処理水濁度は5.2度と悪化した。
【0027】
比較例2
原水に水酸化鉄微粒子を添加せずに、PACと高分子凝集剤を添加した場合は、PAC3mg/リットル(酸化アルミニウムとして)以上添加し、(Al/原水P)モル比=6以上にしないと、処理水リン濃度を0.02mg/リットル以下にできなかった。また上昇流速30m/hでは安定した流動層は形成されず、そのため、上昇流速を12m/hに低下する必要があった。また処理水濁度は5.6度と比較例1と同等であった。流動層から引き抜いたスラリの24時間静置後固形物濃度は、12g/リットルに過ぎず、濃縮性が本発明よりも格段に悪かった。濃縮性が悪いことは、脱水しにくい汚泥であることを意味する。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、下記の優れた効果が得られる。
(1)微量の無機凝集剤、水酸化鉄(又は水酸化アルミニウム微粒子)などのリン吸着性微粒子、及び高分子凝集剤の3者をこの順序で注入することによって、原水中のリンが高速かつ高度に除去され、処理水のリン濃度が極めて少なくなり、かつ排泥スラリの濃縮、脱水性を向上できる。
(2)リン吸着性微粒子(水酸化鉄微粒子、又は水酸化アルミニウム微粒子など)添加後に、長時間撹拌してリンを吸着させる必要がないので、滞留時間の長いリン吸着撹拌反応槽の設置が不要になり、リン除去設備の設置面積を大きく削減できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例を示すフロー図である。
【図2】微粒子状リン吸着剤による従来のリン吸着除去法のフロー図である。
【符号の説明】
1 リン含有原水
2 無機凝集剤
3 攪拌槽
4 水酸化鉄微粒子
5 カラム
6 有機高分子凝集剤
7 流動層
8 処理水
9 余剰スラッジ
10 ブランケット界面
11 撹拌槽
12 リン吸着剤微粒子
13 沈殿分離槽[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique for removing phosphorus in sewage and industrial effluent at high speed and in addition to phosphate ions in natural environmental water (rivers, lakes, and seas) that are substances that cause eutrophication.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to prevent the eutrophication of rivers, lakes and marshes, it is necessary to highly remove phosphorus contained in these natural environmental waters. Typical examples of the eutrophication phenomenon include red tide and blue-tailed sea urchin. Such a phenomenon is said to occur easily when the phosphorus concentration is 0.02 mg / liter or more.
[0003]
Conventionally, inorganic flocculants such as PAC (polyaluminum chloride) and ferric chloride are added to various types of water such as natural environmental water, sewage, and industrial wastewater (hereinafter referred to as “phosphorus-containing raw water”), Pour and stir the mixture so that the molar ratio of (Fe / P) or (Al / P) is 2 to 3 or more to form a floc, and then add a polymer flocculant to form a floc in the coagulation tank A technique for aggregating and removing phosphorus by precipitation after precipitation is known.
[0004]
Also known is a method in which a particulate phosphorus adsorbent is added to raw water and stirred to adsorb and remove phosphorus in the raw water, and then subjected to sedimentation separation (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). In this method, as shown in FIG. 2, after the particulate phosphorus adsorbent 12 is added to the phosphorus-containing raw water 1, the amount of phosphorus adsorbed on the adsorbent reaches the maximum in the stirring tank 11 (usually several tens of minutes to After stirring to 1 hour or more), an operation for sedimentation and separation of the particulate adsorbent in the sedimentation separation tank 13 is required. 8 is treated water.
[0005]
In addition, a slurry having controllable sedimentation concentration is prepared by particles made of ferric hydroxide and / or aluminum hydroxide. For example, the slurry is brought into contact with raw water containing phosphorus in a fluidized state in a stirring tank. Thereafter, a method for removing phosphorus in water (Patent Document 1) is proposed, in which the slurry adsorbing phosphorus is subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the separated water is treated water.
[0006]
Furthermore, by adding hydrated iron oxide particles and a polymer flocculant to phosphorus-containing water and flowing it upward from the bottom of the cylindrical column, a fluidized bed of hydrated iron oxide particles is formed in the cylindrical column. Then, the phosphate ion in the phosphorus-containing water is removed, the iron hydroxide particle slurry incorporating the phosphate ion is drawn out, acid is added to the acid to adjust the pH to 3 or less, and then solid-liquid separation is performed. Returning iron oxide particles to phosphorus-containing water and adding ammonium and Mg 2+ to the separated liquid obtained by solid-liquid separation to precipitate NH 4 MgPO 4 precipitates under alkaline pH conditions A method for removing and recovering phosphate ions from water (Patent Document 2) has been proposed.
[0007]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
June, 1976; published by Gihodo; "Water treatment engineering"; p427-, section 8.6.1.
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-232161 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-159997
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the coagulation precipitation method which removes phosphorus by adding an inorganic flocculant to conventional phosphorus-containing raw water, ferric chloride, polyiron sulfate, aluminum sulfate, polyaluminum chloride for phosphorus-containing water such as sewage treatment Inorganic flocculants such as these are directly added and stirred to rapidly generate a flock-like precipitate of ferric phosphate or aluminum phosphate. In this case, the precipitation reaction as follows:
M 3+ + PO 4 3- → MPO 4 ↓ (1)
M 3+ + 3OH → M (OH) 3 ↓ (2)
(Wherein M 3+ represents Fe 3+ or Al 3+ ), a precipitation-forming reaction occurs, and at the same time phosphorus is removed, MPO 4 and M (OH), which are extremely difficult to concentrate and hardly dehydrated. A precipitate of 3 is formed, with the problem that this precipitate must be processed. In the method of adding the inorganic flocculant directly to the phosphorus removal target water as in the conventional method, since a small amount of inorganic flocculant is added to a large amount of phosphorus-containing water (pH neutral), MPO 4 in the pH neutral region. Since precipitation of M and (MOH) 3 proceeds rapidly, it is impossible to generate precipitation of MPO 4 and M (OH) 3 with good concentration and dehydration properties.
[0009]
Further, in the case of the method for removing and recovering phosphate ions from the phosphorus-containing water of Patent Document 2, according to experiments by the present inventors, there are the following problems.
(A) By simply adding iron hydroxide fine particles and polymer flocculant to phosphorus-containing water, reducing the concentration of phosphorus in the treated water to an extremely low concentration of 0.02 mg / liter or less adds a large amount of iron hydroxide fine particles. If not, it will be difficult, processing costs will be high, and the amount of sludge treatment will increase.
(B) Without adding iron hydroxide fine particles, adding an inorganic flocculant (Fe or Al / raw water P) in a molar ratio of 2 to 3 or more and adding a polymer flocculant to the raw water, Since the floc is generated and the floc density is small, a stable fluidized bed cannot be formed unless the ascending flow rate is small, and the fluidized bed becomes unstable and the trouble that the floc flows into the treated water is likely to occur. In addition, a large amount of coagulated sediment sludge having a very poor concentration is generated, and sludge treatment becomes troublesome. Since “Fe or Al” in the “molar ratio of (Fe or Al / raw water P)” is a metal ion of an inorganic flocculant, it can also be expressed as “molar ratio of (metal ion / raw water P)”. .
[0010]
The present invention fundamentally solves the problems of the prior art as described above. Phosphorus is obtained from natural environment water such as rivers and lakes, sewage, sewage treated water, and phosphorus-containing water such as various industrial effluents. The object is to provide a new technology that can be removed at a high speed and with a very simple method.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made with the intention of preventing the appearance of these phenomena based on such findings, and the above-described problems have been solved by the following means.
(1) An inorganic flocculant is added to and stirred with phosphorus-containing raw water, and then a phosphorus-adsorbing fine particle and then an organic polymer flocculant are added and supplied in an upward flow to the column to form the phosphorus-adsorbing fine particle. Forming a fluidized bed of pellets, bringing the phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles into contact with the raw water in the fluidized bed, adsorbing and removing phosphorus, and obtaining water discharged from the fluidized bed as treated water Removal method.
(2) The method for removing phosphorus in water according to (1), wherein the phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles are iron hydroxide.
(3) The method for removing phosphorus in water according to (1) above, wherein the addition amount of the inorganic flocculant is 2 or less in terms of a metal ion / raw water P molar ratio.
[0012]
(4) An agitation tank in which an inorganic flocculant is added to raw phosphorus-containing water to form micro flocs, and an upward flow of water to be treated is formed inside to form a fluidized bed of pellets formed from phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles A column to be treated, an inlet for water to be treated in which phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles are added to the phosphorus-containing raw water in which microfloc from the stirring tank is formed at the lower end of the column, and an organic polymer flocculant is introduced at the bottom Discharge of treated water in which an outlet is provided, a discharge port for excess sludge containing phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles is provided at the upper interface position of the fluidized bed in the middle position of the column, and phosphorus is removed through the fluidized bed at the top of the column An apparatus for removing phosphorus in water, comprising a fluidized bed apparatus provided with a section.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
In addition, the same part as the part shown in FIG. 2 is shown using the same code | symbol. As shown in FIG. 1, the essence of the present invention is that after adding an inorganic flocculant 2 such as PAC or sulfuric acid band to a phosphorus-containing raw water 1 to be removed of phosphorus and stirring it in a stirring tank 3, hydroxylation is performed. Phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles such as iron or aluminum hydroxide, for example, iron hydroxide fine particles 4 (particle size of 100 μm or less) and an organic polymer flocculant 6 such as polyacrylamide are added in this order, and flowed upward into the column 5. Discovered that by supplying and forming a fluidized bed 7 of phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles such as iron hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide, phosphorus can be removed most rationally and highly, and the resulting sludge can be concentrated and dewatered well. It is to have done.
In FIG. 1, 10 is a blanket interface and 9 is surplus sludge.
[0014]
On the other hand, in the present invention, after adding phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles such as iron hydroxide to the above-mentioned microfloc of MPO 4 or M (OH) 3 that is difficult to deconcentrate, an organic polymer flocculant is added. Added. As a result, the phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles are strongly aggregated together with the micro flocs to form pellets having a particle diameter of several mm, and therefore, it is possible to generate the aggregated flocs of M (OH) 3 with good concentration and dehydration with good reproducibility. .
[0015]
Phosphorus adsorptive fine particles include iron hydroxide, iron oxide, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, finely ground Kanuma soil, allophane, water sludge, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, etc., but cost and phosphorus adsorption performance It is preferable to use iron hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide, both of which are excellent. The particle diameter of the phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles is generally 10 to 150 μm, preferably 100 μm or less.
[0016]
As a method for producing ferric hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide fine particles with excellent phosphorus adsorption performance, ferric sulfate aqueous solution such as ferric sulfate, polyferric sulfate, ferric chloride, or aluminum sulfate, chloride Aluminum may be neutralized to pH 5-8 with an alkali agent such as magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, sodium hydroxide.
[0017]
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the same effect is exhibited by any of the phosphorus-adsorptive fine particles such as iron hydroxide fine particles and aluminum hydroxide, and as the inorganic flocculant, both aluminum-based and iron-based similar effects are obtained. Therefore, in the following description of the present invention, iron hydroxide fine particles and PAC will be described as examples in order to avoid complication of sentences.
[0018]
In FIG. 1, first, a small amount of PAC as an inorganic flocculant 2 is added to raw phosphorus-containing raw water 1 such as sewage and sewage secondary treated water, and stirred for 1 to 2 minutes. Let it form. Stirring may be a line agitation. Next, iron hydroxide fine particles 4 are added, and immediately or after stirring for 1 to 3 seconds (pipe stirring without a stirring tank 3 and a stirrer is sufficient), an organic polymer flocculant 6 is added, and the column 7 It is important to supply the water in an upward flow. By changing the order of the chemical addition and adding the phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles 4 to the raw water 1 and then adding the inorganic flocculant 4 and further adding the polymer flocculant 6, a stable fluidized bed 7 is not formed. It was confirmed that the phosphorus removal effect was inferior.
[0019]
In the present invention, it is important to add a small amount of inorganic flocculant 2 having a molar ratio of (metal ion / raw water P) of 2 or less, and then add phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles 4. Otherwise, the concentration and dewatering properties of sludge will deteriorate.
The upward flow velocity in the fluidized bed forming column 5 can be set to be considerably large, and a range of 400 to 500 mm / min is preferable.
Various organic polymer flocculants can be used, and anionic and nonionic polyacrylamides are most suitable. Cationic systems are less effective.
[0020]
By such a simple operation, the iron hydroxide fine particles are strongly aggregated and changed into a pellet shape having a particle diameter of several mm, and a pellet fluidized bed (pellet blanket) 9 having a very high concentration is formed.
An excess sludge discharge port is provided at a position where the height of the pellet fluidized bed 7 is 1 to 2 m.
[0021]
Therefore, in the present invention, the remarkable effect that the reaction tank (stirring tank) 11 (the tank for bringing the phosphorus adsorbent fine particles 12 and the raw water 1 into contact with each other and adsorbing phosphorus) having a residence time of about 30 minutes as shown in FIG. 2 becomes unnecessary. Produce. Assuming that the raw water 1 has a treatment flow rate of, for example, 50,000 m 3 / day, a large volume stirring tank 11 having a volume of 1040 m 3 (when stirring time is 30 minutes) and a stirrer are unnecessary. There is a reduction effect, and the great advantage is that the installation area and the equipment cost can be greatly reduced.
[0022]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
[0023]
Example 1
According to the flowchart of FIG. 1, a high-speed and high-efficiency removal test for phosphorus according to the present invention was conducted. The test conditions are described below.
Figure 0004068005
[0024]
Figure 0004068005
[0025]
(Experimental result)
After the start of operation under the high-speed processing conditions of an ascending flow rate of 30 m / h and a raw water fluidized bed transit time of 5 minutes, after the time when the height of the fluidized bed of high-concentration iron hydroxide agglomerated particles reaches 1200 mm, it is stable. The treated water phosphorus concentration was 0.01-0.02 mg / liter. The treated water turbidity was always 1 degree or less, and the added iron hydroxide fine particles and aluminum hydroxide produced from PAC were almost completely trapped in the fluidized bed. The fluidized bed solids concentration was 30 g / liter, and the concentration of the sludge discharged from the fluidized bed was concentrated at a high concentration of 91 g / liter after 24 hours of standing.
[0026]
Comparative Example 1
When PAC is not added and the test is performed under the same conditions as above, the treated water phosphorus concentration is 0.05 to 0.058 mg / liter, and the treated water phosphorus concentration is 0.02 mg / liter or less. I couldn't. In order to make the treated water phosphorus concentration 0.02 mg / liter or less, iron hydroxide fine particles had to be added in a large amount of 50 mg / liter. The treated water turbidity at this time deteriorated to 5.2 degrees.
[0027]
Comparative Example 2
When PAC and polymer flocculant are added without adding iron hydroxide fine particles to raw water, PAC 3mg / liter (as aluminum oxide) or more should be added and (Al / raw water P) molar ratio = 6 or more The treated water phosphorus concentration could not be reduced to 0.02 mg / liter or less. In addition, a stable fluidized bed was not formed at an ascending flow rate of 30 m / h, and therefore the ascending flow rate had to be reduced to 12 m / h. The treated water turbidity was 5.6 degrees, which was equivalent to that of Comparative Example 1. The concentration of the solid matter after standing for 24 hours of the slurry extracted from the fluidized bed was only 12 g / liter, and the concentrating property was much worse than that of the present invention. Poor concentration means sludge that is difficult to dehydrate.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the following excellent effects can be obtained.
(1) By injecting a small amount of inorganic flocculant, phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles such as iron hydroxide (or aluminum hydroxide fine particles), and polymer flocculant in this order, phosphorus in raw water is rapidly Highly removed, the concentration of phosphorus in the treated water is extremely low, and the concentration and dewaterability of the sludge slurry can be improved.
(2) After adding phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles (such as iron hydroxide fine particles or aluminum hydroxide fine particles), there is no need to stir for a long time to adsorb phosphorus, so there is no need to install a phosphorus adsorption stirred reaction tank with a long residence time. Therefore, the installation area of the phosphorus removal equipment can be greatly reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a conventional phosphorus adsorption removal method using a particulate phosphorus adsorbent.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Phosphorus containing raw water 2 Inorganic flocculant 3 Stirrer tank 4 Iron hydroxide fine particle 5 Column 6 Organic polymer flocculant 7 Fluidized bed 8 Treated water 9 Excess sludge 10 Blanket interface 11 Stirrer tank 12 Phosphorus adsorbent fine particle 13 Precipitation separation tank

Claims (4)

リン含有原水に無機凝集剤を添加し撹拌したのち、リン吸着性微粒子、次いで有機高分子凝集剤を添加して、カラムに上向流で供給してリン吸着性微粒子から形成されるペレットの流動層を形成させ、該流動層でリン吸着性微粒子を該原水と接触させて、リンを吸着除去すると共に、流動層を流出した水を処理水として得ることを特徴とする水中のリンの除去方法。Flow of pellets formed from phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles by adding inorganic aggregating agent to raw phosphorus-containing water and stirring, then adding phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles and then organic polymer flocculant and supplying the column in an upward flow A method for removing phosphorus in water, comprising forming a layer, bringing phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles into contact with the raw water in the fluidized bed, adsorbing and removing phosphorus, and obtaining water flowing out of the fluidized bed as treated water . 前記リン吸着性微粒子が水酸化鉄であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の水中のリンの除去方法。The method for removing phosphorus in water according to claim 1, wherein the phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles are iron hydroxide. 前記無機凝集剤の添加量が、金属イオン/原水Pモル比で2以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の水中のリンの除去方法。The method for removing phosphorus in water according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the inorganic flocculant added is 2 or less in terms of a metal ion / raw water P molar ratio. リン含有原水に無機凝集剤を添加してマイクロフロックを形成させる撹拌槽と、内部に被処理水の上昇流を形成して、リン吸着性微粒子から形成されるペレットの流動層が形成されるカラムを設け、前記カラムの下端に前記撹拌槽からのマイクロフロックを形成したリン含有原水にリン吸着性微粒子を添加した被処理水の導入口を設け、下部に有機高分子凝集剤の導入口を設け、カラムの中間位置の前記流動層の上方界面位置にリン吸着性微粒子含有余剰汚泥の排出口を設け、かつカラム上部に前記流動層を通過してリンを除去された処理水の排水部が設けられた流動層装置とを有することを特徴とする水中のリンの除去装置。An agitation tank in which an inorganic flocculant is added to raw phosphorus-containing water to form micro flocs, and a column in which an upward flow of water to be treated is formed to form a fluidized bed of pellets formed from phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles Provided with an inlet for treated water in which phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles are added to the phosphorus-containing raw water in which micro flocs are formed from the stirring tank at the lower end of the column, and an inlet for an organic polymer flocculant is provided at the bottom. In addition, a discharge port for excess sludge containing phosphorus-adsorbing fine particles is provided at the upper interface position of the fluidized bed in the middle position of the column, and a drainage section for treated water from which phosphorus has been removed through the fluidized bed is provided at the top of the column. An apparatus for removing phosphorus in water, comprising a fluidized bed apparatus.
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