JP4070907B2 - インプラント可能外科用マーカー - Google Patents
インプラント可能外科用マーカー Download PDFInfo
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Description
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、外科患者の組織内に埋め込むマーカーに関する。特に、本発明はヒトの組織、特にヒトの胸部の特定の位置を定めるためのインプラント可能マーカーに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術および発明が解決しようとする課題】
9人のアメリカ女性のうち1人が一生の間に乳癌にかかる。乳癌は、40歳乃至55歳の女性の癌による死亡の第一の原因であり、女性全体の癌による死亡の第二の原因である。乳癌は、女性の生涯において約8人に1人が診断され、30人に1人が乳癌により死ぬ。乳癌は男性にも生じるが非常に稀である。生検には、一般に身体検査(触知可能)及び/または乳房X線写真(触知不能)によりなされるスクリーニングプロセスから幹が必要である。生検は疑わしい組織が検出されたか否かを示す。実施された6つの生検のうち5つが良性である。
【0003】
特に癌性腫瘍、前癌性疾患及び他の疾患または異常を患う患者の診断と治療において、ヒト及び他の動物の組織の病巣及び他の異常部位を検出し、サンプリングし、テストすることが望ましく、またはしばしば必要である。一般に癌の場合、医者は既知の方法(例えば触診、X線、MRIまたは超音波造影)により疑わしい状態であると判明したとき、生検を実施して細胞が癌性か否かを決定する。生検は開口または経皮技術である。開口生検は、塊の全部(切採生検)または塊の一部(切開生検)を取り出す。一方、経皮的生検は通常針状器具を用いてなされ、微小針吸引(FNA)またはコア(core)生検のいずれでもよい。FNA生検では、非常に小さい針を用いて個々の細胞または細胞集団を取り、細胞学検査をする。細胞はパパニコロウ(Pap)塗抹標本等により調製する。コア生検では文字通り、組織の芯または断片を取り、組織学検査をする。組織学検査は、凍結切片またはパラフィン切片を用いて実施できる。FNA生検とコア生検の主な違いは取り出す組織サンプルの大きさである。米国特許第5,240,011号記載の立体空間的ガイダンスシステム等の分光器性能を有する造影システムを用いて、摘出器具を病巣までガイドする。
【0004】
実施する方法により、サンプルは疑わしい病巣を一部または完全に取り出したものである。組織周辺の関連出血と共に摘出処置自体により生じる歪みにより、造影システムの病巣の視野が妨げられる恐れがある。病巣を取り出し、全ての流体を摘出部位から継続して吸引するが、処置が病巣を汚し(cloud)、端(margins)の正確な認識が妨げられる恐れがある。このことにより、全ての病巣を確実に取り出すのが困難となる。
【0005】
しばしば病巣は、癌性または前癌性の可能性のある死亡異常組織に由来する石灰化(calcification)にすぎず、その評価のためには病巣の全部より一部だけを取り出すことが望ましい。実際、このような病巣は隣りの異常組織の位置をマークしまたは定めるものであり、病巣全体を取り出すと、後で病気に冒された組織を再び捜すのに不可欠な手段を失うことになるので医者は病巣全体を取り出すことは望まない。患者にとってのコア生検の利点の1つは、取り出す組織の塊が小さいことである。しかし、しばしば不注意のため、あるいは病巣が小さすぎて、病巣の一部の切除が望ましくても評価のために全てを取り出す場合が多いが、この場合に後の分析により組織が悪性であることが示されたなら(悪性組織なら、最初の生検の部位の真近の組織を数日後または数週間後に取り出すことが必要となる)、癌性の可能性のある隣接組織に必要な追加の処置を実施するために、医者は病巣の正確な位置を決定するのが困難となる。また、たとえ病巣が良性であっても、病気に冒された組織が将来再発するのを注意深くモニタするため、既に除いた石灰化の位置をマークする将来の検査での位置の印がなくなる。
【0006】
従って、サンプルを除く前または除いた直後に、このような病巣の位置または端を永久にマークできれば非常に好ましい。除去前のマークは、所望により確実に全ての病巣を摘出するのを助ける。また、病巣を全て不注意により除いてしまっても、処置直後に生検部位をマークすれば将来その位置を再び確定できることになる。
【0007】
特定の組織位置をマークし位置付けるための多くの処置と器具が先行技術として知られている。例えば、Miller等の米国特許第5,221,269号に記載されているようなロケーションワイヤガイドは、病巣(特に胸部)の位置を見つけるのに良く知られている。Millerの器具は、チューブ状導入針と接続するワイヤガイドを有し、遠位端に螺旋コイル形状があり、目的とする病巣の周りの位置に止まる。針を胸部に導入し、例えばX線、超音波または磁気共鳴造影(MRI)の既知の造影システムを用いて病巣位置へガイドし、遠位端の螺旋コイルを病巣周付で展開する。その後、針をワイヤガイドから取り外し、ワイヤガイドは病巣付近で遠位方向で止められた位置に留まり、後の手術の間外科医をワイヤで病巣までガイドする。このようなロケーションシステムは有効であるけれども、一時的なものであり、手術または他の処置が完了したら除かれることが明らかである。
【0008】
患者の皮膚の外側領域をマークする他の器具が知られている。例えば、Carswell, Jr.の米国特許第5,192,270号は、導入したまたはこれから導入する部位の表面に視覚的標識を付けるために、着色剤を付与するシリンジを示す。同様に、Gluckの米国特許第5,147,307号は、導入等の位置をガイドするために患者の皮膚に一時的なマークを押すパターン部材を有する器具を示している。皮膚石灰化の位置の画定のためにヒト胸部の皮膚にテープを貼るまたは、例えば直径3ミリメートルの鉛の玉の小さな金属マーカーを接着することも知られている(「胸部微小石灰化群(The Geographic Cluster of Microcalcifications of the Breast)」、Homer等、サージェリー・ジネコロジー・アンド・オブステトリクス、1985年12月)。しかし、明らかに、これらの方法のいずれも病巣または腫瘍等の内部組織異常のマーク及び画定には有用ではない。
【0009】
米国特許第4,080,959号には、別の胸部の病巣及び腫瘍のマーク方法が記載されている。この方法では、評価する身体の部分(例えば、乳房)の皮膚を熱感受性色反応性化学物質でコートし、その後この身体の部分をジアテルミー(diathermy)等のような透過性放射線を用いて加熱する。次いで、コートされた身体の部分の色の変化を走査し、色の変化が皮膚面の下のホットスポットを示す。このようないわゆるホットスポットでは、腫瘍または病巣がその比較的少ない血液循環(正常な体組織を流れる血流の約1/20)のために急速に熱を放散しないので腫瘍または病巣を示すことができる。もちろん、この方法は腫瘍の位置または病巣の位置を画定する永久的手段ではなく、一時的な診断手段である。
【0010】
Doughety等の米国特許第4,649,151号には、体内の異常な腫瘍組織または病原体を同定、治療する方法が記載されている。この方法では患者の体内に腫瘍選択的感光性薬剤を入れ、この薬剤は異常組織よりも正常組織から速くなくなる。薬剤が正常組織からなくなった後で異常組織からなくなる前に、異常腫瘍組織は異常組織内の薬剤の発光により位置が分かる。一部が薬剤の吸収スペクトルにある低い強度の光で、蛍光が観察できる。検出したら、薬剤の吸収スペクトル内に周波数を有するより高い強度の光をさらに当てて組織を破壊する。もちろん、この方法も異常組織をマークする一時的な手段にすぎない。さらに、治療中に異常組織が破壊されるとマーカーも破壊される。
【0011】
胸部病巣をマークするのに、生物学的適合性色素または染料を使用することも知られている。初めに着色剤を含むシリンジを、造影システムを用いて検出された病巣までガイドする。その後、摘出処置で外科医は染色された組織から組織サンプルを取る。しかし、このような染色技術が効果的でも、染色の位置を正確に見出すのは困難である。また、染色を蛍光透視的に検出するのは困難であり、必ずしも永久的であるわけではない。
【0012】
また、侵襲的な外科技術を用いてマーカーを患者の体に直接埋め込むことも知られている。例えば、開胸手術を含む冠動脈バイパス移植(CABG)では、外科的に1以上の金属リングを移植部位の大動脈に適用することが通常実施されている。リングを同定することにより、実施者が評価の目的で後で移植部位に戻ることが可能となる。また、部位を将来評価するために手術部位をステープル、血管クリップ等でマークすることも通常実施される。
【0013】
イヌの咽頭嚥下研究に関して、咽頭の粘膜下組織にスチールマーカービーズを永久的に埋め込む技術が説明されている(S.S.Kramer等、「イヌの咽頭嚥下研究に関する永久放射線不透過性マーカー技術(A Permanent Radiopaque Marker Technique for the Study of Pharyngeal Swallowing of Dogs)」、ダイスフェイジア(Dysphagia)、第1巻、第163頁乃至第167頁、1987年)。この論文は、長期間に亘る多くの場合の嚥下中のマーカービーズのラジオグラフィック研究により、ヒトにおける嚥下の咽頭相がより理解できることを述べている。この技術では、ビーズは金属針カニューレを用いて配置する。金属針カニューレは、埋め込むビーズより少し小さい内径を有する。吸引力がカニューレにかかると、ビーズはチップに堅固に填まる。ボールチップカニューレを組織に挿入したら、吸引力をなくしてビーズを解放しカニューレを引き出す。
【0014】
この技術は特定の組織部位をマークするためのものではなく、解剖学的動き(即ち、嚥下動作)を評価するために体の領域または構造全体をマークするためのものである。また、これはヒトでの使用を意図していない。
【0015】
従って、病巣を取り出す前に病巣の端を定めるために、及び/または取り出した後にその位置を確定するために、病巣または他の異常組織部位に永久マーカーを非外科手術的に埋め込む方法と器具が必要とされている。マーカーは容易に展開し、造影技術を用いて容易に検出できなくてはならない。
【0016】
Foerster等の国際特許出願公開第WO 9608208号には、最小侵襲性外科手術を用いて患者の体にマーカーを直接埋め込む方法が記載されている。この方法では、チューブ状カニューレを用いてクリップ器具を病巣部位に導入する。クリップが病巣部位についたら、患者の外の近位端で作動手段によりクリップを組織内へ展開する。このマーク手段は長期間使用でき、ほとんどの造影技術により造影できる。しかし、サイズが小さいので現在の超音波造影システムでは組織内で検出できない。
【0017】
譲受人が同じで係属中の、1997年2月21日に出願された発明の名称が「組織のマーク装置及び方法(Apparatus and Method for Marking Tissue)」である米国特許出願第08/802,958号には、マーカーを埋め込む他の方法が記載されている。この方法に記載されているマーカーは中央突起物を使用する。中央突起物に引張り負荷がかかると、直角に支持されるマーカーのエンドコンタクトブリッジが曲がり、ゴールポストアームが内側に弓形にスウィングして組織を掴む。突起物の引張り負荷が増加して所定の位置でそれが切れると、組織部位にマーカーを付着させて残す。しかし、この方法は、マーカーが形成されるときにマーカーを組織から引き離す必要があるので、マーカーの食い込みと掴む組織の量が限定される。
【0018】
Kirsh等の米国特許第4,733,664号には、解剖学的処置において相対する組織を永久に結合する外科クリップが記載されている。適用装置(これも開示されている)を使用して、もろい中央突起物で引き、可塑的に変形可能な橋の相対する端から一方向にほぼ平行に延びる間のあいた一対の弓形アームを閉じる。アームは相対する組織に入る。所定の力をかけて、突起物の首を引張り破壊する。クリップ肩と適用装置の特定の角度が与えられる。適用装置の顎面は互いに120°乃至180°であり、特に150°である。このクリップ形成方法も前の段落で述べた方法と同様の欠点がある。
【0019】
従って、病巣を取り出す前に病巣の端(margins)を定めるために、または病巣を取り出した後にその位置を確定するために、病巣または他の異常組織部位に埋め込む外科マーカーが必要とされている。そのマーカーは容易に展開(deploy)でき、造影技術を用いて容易に検出できなければならない。さらに、マーカーが組織から引き離されることなく、確実に適当な量の組織を掴んでマーカーが形成されなくてはならない。
【0020】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、外科患者の組織内に埋め込むインプラント可能マーカーである。マーカーはベースと第一の脚及び第二の脚を有する。
【0021】
マーカーのベースは突出橋を有する。橋は第一の移行部及び第二の移行部に挟まれている。
第一の脚はベースの第一の移行部から下に延びる。第一の脚は、(a)第一の移行部から離れて位置する第一の遠位先端と、(b)第一の遠位先端の隣にあるほぼ真直ぐな第一の脚アームと、(c)ベースの第一の移行部と第一の真直ぐな脚アームの間にある第一のカミングマーカー面とを有する。第一のカミングマーカー面は第一の真直ぐな脚アームから外側に延びる。
【0022】
マーカーの第二の脚はベースの第二の移行部から下に延びる。第二の脚は、(a)第二の移行部から離れて位置する第二の遠位先端と、(b)第二の遠位先端の隣にあるほぼ真直ぐな第二の脚アームと、(c)ベースの第二の移行部と第二の真直ぐな脚アームの間にある第二のカミングマーカー面とを有する。第二のカミングマーカー面は第二の真直ぐな脚アームから外側に延びる。
【0023】
マーカーが開いた形状にあるとき、第一の真直ぐな脚アーム及び第二の真直ぐな脚アームは互いにほぼ平行である。マーカーが閉じた形状にあるとき、第一の真直ぐな脚アーム及び第二の真直ぐな脚アームは、第一の移行部及び第二の移行部の隣で離間した位置から徐々に互いに寄る。閉じた形状では、脚の第一の遠位先端及び第二の遠位先端でマーカー頂部が形成される。
【0024】
本発明のマーカーは、特に、生検サンプルを取り出した後にいつでもその位置を確定するためまたは生検の前に病巣の端を定めるために、生検処置の間、病巣または他の異常組織部位に埋め込むのに適している。マーカーは脚の第一のカミング面及び第二のカミング面を有し、この特徴と合わせてマーカーの形状は、組織内にマーカーを押し込んでマーカーを展開し、組織に深く入るのを容易にする。特に、従来のマーカーと異なって、本発明のマーカーが組織内に展開すると、マーカーはより深く入りマーカーがより多くの組織を掴むことが可能となり、マーカーが不意に動く恐れが最小となる。
【0025】
本発明のマーカーは、特に内視鏡生検に適し、生検組織部位をマークするが、他の内視鏡用途及び従来の切開外科処置を含む用途にも使用できる。例えば、クリップ、ステープリング、吻合、ヘルニア留め(tacking)、支持(buttressing)、微小管用途または全ての相対する端を結合する用途の外科処置等、組織の結び付けまたは管の締結が必要な外科処置に、このマーカーを用いることができる。
【0026】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1乃至図3は本発明の好ましいマーカー10が示されている図である。マーカーには、ベース11及び第一の脚12および第二の脚13がある。ベースには持ち上がった橋(突出橋)14がある。突出橋には弓形底面15がある。さらに、ほぼ平らな上部16もある。
【0027】
マーカーには、突出橋の一方のサイドに第一の移行部17があり、突出橋の他方のサイドに第二の移行部18がある。第一の移行部17及び第二の移行部18は、下に延びたマーカーの第一の脚12及び第二の脚13と、ベースの突出橋を分ける。第一の脚は、第一の移行部から離れた脚の遠位端に、第一の斜角の尖った先端19を有する。同様に、第二の脚は、その遠位端に、第二の斜角の尖った先端20を有する。脚の第一の先端及び第二の先端の隣に、それぞれ、第一の真直ぐな脚アーム21及び第二の真直ぐな脚アーム22がある。第一の移行部及び第二の移行部と第一の真直ぐな脚アーム及び第二の真直ぐな脚アームの間には、それぞれ、第一のカミングマーカー面23及び第二のカミングマーカー面24が介在している。カミングマーカー面は真直ぐな脚アームから外方へ延びる。第一のカミングマーカー面及び第二のカミングマーカー面はそれぞれ第一の内面25及び第二の内面26を有し、第一の内面及び第二の内面は弓形である。
【0028】
マーカーはそれぞれ第一の逆向くさび(スパイク)27及び第二の逆向くさび28を有する。くさびは三角形である。第一のくさび(スパイク)は第一のカミングマーカー面23と第一の移行部17から突き出ている。同様に第二のくさび(スパイク)は第二のカミングマーカー面24と第二の移行部18から突き出ている。くさびは、第一の真直ぐな脚アーム21及び第二の真直ぐな脚アーム22とほぼ平行に突き出る。
【0029】
マーカーの橋は一対の上部弓形面29,30を有し、これらの弓形面はマーカーのベースにある橋の平らな上部により分けられている。第一の上部弓形面29は、第一のスパイクの内面と突出橋の平らな上部の隣にある面とに挟まれている。同様の方法で、第二の上部弓形面30は、第二のスパイクの内面と平らな上部の隣にある面と挟まれている。
【0030】
好ましいマーカーは、突出橋14の中心を通り第一の真直ぐな脚アーム21及び第二の真直ぐな脚アーム22と平行なセンターライン軸について対称である。図2でセンターライン軸は「L」で示される。さらに、突出橋の平らな上部と橋の弓形底面の間の領域は、厚さの薄い橋湾曲領域として特徴付けられる。マーカーが開いた位置から閉じた位置へ展開(deploy)するとき、突出橋の湾曲領域によりマーカーの柔軟性が増し、マーカーの形成後、真直ぐな脚アームが開いた形状にはじき戻る傾向を最小にする。柔軟性が増すことにより、突出橋の弓形対称性と相伴ってマーカーを形成する間、マーカーのベースにかかる負荷を均一にする。開いた形状では、第一の脚アーム及び第二の脚アームは互いにほぼ平行である。
【0031】
マーカーの第一の逆向くさび(スパイク)27及び第二の逆向くさび28は、それが組織内で閉じた位置にあるときに組織が橋から滑り落ちるのを防ぐことにより、形成されたマーカーが不所望に移動するのを防ぐ。従って、橋の面は組織をしっかり支え、マーカーの不所望な移動を防ぐ。
【0032】
図4乃至図9は、本発明の好ましいマーカーが、開いた形状から閉じた形状へ展開するのを示す図である。マーカー適用装置31はチューブ状軸32を有する。マーカー10はチューブ状軸内にある。チューブ状軸は、マーカーの脚のカミングマーカー面23,24が、チューブ状軸の軸内面33に接する大きさである。チューブ状軸の遠位端には、軸内面から内側へ半径方向に延びる遠位カミング壁面34がある。図4に示すように、遠位カミング壁面は、マーカーが開いた形状のとき、その面がマーカーの第一の真直ぐな脚アーム及び第二の真直ぐな脚アームに接触する大きさであり、脚アームは互いに平行である。適用プッシュロッド35は、マーカーのベースにある突出橋の平らな上部にあり、脚の尖った遠位先端は適用装置のチューブ状軸から突き出る。
【0033】
適用プッシュロッド35を遠位方向に押して、マーカーを真直ぐな脚アームが互いに平行な開いた位置から閉じた位置に展開すると、マーカーは適用装置のチューブ状軸の外へ押される。マーカーが適用装置のチューブ状軸内で遠位方向に動くと、マーカーの脚のカミングマーカー面が適用装置の遠位カミング壁面に対してカムする。このカミング作用により、マーカーのベースの突出橋が橋湾曲領域で内側に曲がってマーカーの脚の真直ぐな脚アームが互いに近寄る。図9に示すように、マーカーが完全に閉じた位置に形成されるとき、脚の遠位端が互いに寄ってマーカー頂部36を形成する。図9に示すように、真直ぐな脚アームはマーカーの第一の移行部及び第二の移行部の隣で離間した位置のままであり、マーカーはほぼダイヤモンド形となる。
【0034】
本発明のマーカーを動かし展開する好ましい適用装置は、譲受人が同じである係属中の1998年6月26日に出願された米国特許出願第09/105,570号に詳細に説明されている。
【0035】
本発明のマーカーは生物学的適合性があるインプラント可能な物質から製造でき、マーカーが組織に固定されたとき、マーカーが動くのを防ぐのに必要な閉塞力を有する。本発明の好ましいマーカーは316LVMステンレス鋼(真空溶融炉で製造された高純度316Lステンレス鋼)から構成される。またはマーカーは、特にMRI造影用途に適した非磁性物質、または吸収性ポリマーで構成できる。
【0036】
所望のキャリアに固定される複数のマーカーを製造するための通常のフォトエッチングプロセスを用いて、マーカーは大量生産できる。このようなキャリアは一般に316LVMステンレス鋼から製造される金属シートである。金属シートはキャリア列に切ることができ、続いてカッティングダイを用いてキャリア列から個々のマーカーを剪断する。
【0037】
本発明のマーカーを薬剤でコートして摩擦を少なくしたり、出血を止めたり、または他の所望の効果を付与することができる。さらにマーカーの脚にとげ状物を付加して、マーカーの把握強度、移動抵抗及び造影能力を高めることができる。
【0038】
本発明の最も好ましい実施態様について説明してきたが、特許請求した発明の範囲と精神内に他にも実施態様がある。本発明の好ましいマーカーは単に本発明を説明するためだけのものであって、本発明の範囲を限定するものではない。本発明の範囲は特許請求の範囲より定められる。
【0039】
好適な実施態様を以下に示す。
(1)前記マーカーが、前記マーカーのベースの突出橋の中心を通り、前記第一の真直ぐな脚アーム及び第二の真直ぐな脚アームと平行なセンターライン軸について対称である請求項1に記載のインプラント可能マーカー。
(2)前記マーカーが、閉じた位置にあるとき、ダイヤモンド形である実施態様(1)に記載のインプラント可能マーカー。
(3)前記脚の第一遠位先端の及び第二の遠位先端が斜角尖端である実施態様(2)に記載のインプラント可能マーカー。
(4)前記突出橋が弓形底面を有する実施態様(3)に記載のインプラント可能マーカー。
(5)前記突出橋がほぼ平らな上部を有し、さらに、前記橋が前記突出橋の平らな上部と弓形底面の間に厚みの薄い橋湾曲領域を有する実施態様(4)に記載のインプラント可能マーカー。
【0040】
(6)さらに、前記第一のカミングマーカー面と前記第一の移行部の間に突出する第一の逆向くさびと、前記第二のカミングマーカー面と前記第二の移行部の間に突出する第二の逆向くさびとを有する請求項1に記載のインプラント可能マーカー。
(7)前記第一逆向くさび及び第二の逆向くさびがほぼ三角形である実施態様(6)に記載のインプラント可能マーカー。
(8)前記第一の逆向くさび及び第二の逆向くさびが、前記脚の第一の真直ぐな脚アーム及び第二の真直ぐな脚アームとほぼ平行に突き出る実施態様(7)に記載のインプラント可能マーカー。
(9)前記橋が、前記橋の平らな上部により離されている一対の上部弓形面を有する実施態様(5)に記載のインプラント可能マーカー。
【0041】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明によれば容易に展開し、造影技術を用いて容易に検出できる適当な量の組織を掴んで動かないインプラント可能マーカーを提供できる効果を有する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の好ましい実施態様によるインプラント可能マーカーを示す等距離図である。
【図2】図1のマーカーを示す正面図である。
【図3】図1のマーカーを示す側面図である。
【図4】適用装置の軸内の負荷位置にある図1のマーカーの平面図を示す遠位端部分断面図である。
【図5】図4に示す負荷マーカーの形成を示す遠位端部分断面図である。
【図6】図4に示す負荷マーカーの形成を示す遠位端部分断面図である。
【図7】図4に示す負荷マーカーの形成を示す遠位端部分断面図である。
【図8】図4に示す負荷マーカーの形成を示す遠位端部分断面図である。
【図9】図4に示す負荷マーカーの形成を示す遠位端部分断面図である。
【符号の説明】
10 インプラント可能マーカー
11 ベース
12 第一の脚
13 第二の脚
14 突出橋
17 第一の移行部
18 第二の移行部
19 第一の遠位先端
20 第二の遠位先端
21 第一の真直ぐな脚アーム
22 第二の真直ぐな脚アーム
23 第一のカミングマーカー面
24 第二のカミングマーカー面
Claims (1)
- (a)第一の移行部及び第二の移行部に挟まれた突出橋を有するベースと、
(b)(i)前記第一の移行部から離れて位置する第一の遠位先端と、
(ii)前記第一の遠位先端の隣にあるほぼ真直ぐな第一の脚アームと、
(iii)前記ベースの第一の移行部と前記第一の真直ぐな脚アームの間にあって、前記第一の真直ぐな脚アームから外側に延びる第一のカミングマーカー面とを有する、
前記べースの第一の移行部から下に延びた第一の脚と、
(c)(i)前記第二の移行部から離れて位置する第二の遠位先端と、
(ii)前記第二の遠位先端の隣にあるほぼ真直ぐな第二の脚アームと、
(iii)前記ベースの第二の移行部と前記第二の真直ぐな脚アームの間にあって、前記第二の真直ぐな脚アームから外側に延びる第二のカミングマーカー面とを有する、
前記ベースの第二の移行部から下に延びた第二の脚とを有し、
マーカーが開いた形状にあるとき、前記第一の真直ぐな脚アーム及び第二の真直ぐな脚アームは互いにほぼ平行であり、前記マーカーが閉じた形状にあるとき、前記第一の真直ぐな脚アーム及び第二の真直ぐな脚アームは、前記第一の移行部及び第二の移行部の隣で離間した位置から徐々に互いに寄り、前記脚の第一の遠位先端及び第二の遠位先端でマーカー頂部を形成する外科患者の組織内に埋め込むインプラント可能マーカー。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US105757 | 1998-06-26 | ||
| US09/105,757 US5941890A (en) | 1998-06-26 | 1998-06-26 | Implantable surgical marker |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000102546A JP2000102546A (ja) | 2000-04-11 |
| JP4070907B2 true JP4070907B2 (ja) | 2008-04-02 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18039399A Expired - Fee Related JP4070907B2 (ja) | 1998-06-26 | 1999-06-25 | インプラント可能外科用マーカー |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5941890A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0966924B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4070907B2 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU745589B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2276789C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69910684T2 (ja) |
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| DE69910684T2 (de) | 2004-07-08 |
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