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JP4071677B2 - Waterproof sheet and construction method - Google Patents
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JP4071677B2 - Waterproof sheet and construction method - Google Patents

Waterproof sheet and construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4071677B2
JP4071677B2 JP2003161402A JP2003161402A JP4071677B2 JP 4071677 B2 JP4071677 B2 JP 4071677B2 JP 2003161402 A JP2003161402 A JP 2003161402A JP 2003161402 A JP2003161402 A JP 2003161402A JP 4071677 B2 JP4071677 B2 JP 4071677B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
waterproof sheet
vinyl chloride
chloride resin
sheet
heat insulating
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JP2003161402A
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JP2004360332A (en
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久貢 冨岡
佳巳 村野
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Lonseal Corp
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Lonseal Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/254Roof garden systems; Roof coverings with high solar reflectance
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings

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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、建物の屋根やベランダ等の防水施工において、屋上の環境負荷低減、防水シートの劣化防止、工法の耐久性向上のために使用される赤外線反射性の高い防水シート及びそれを用いた施工方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び問題点】
建物の屋上やベランダの下地上に防水シートを敷設して防水するシート防水工法があるが、防水シートの表面は露出されており、太陽光線を直に受けて表面温度は高くなる。地球の温暖化が進むと、防水シートの表面温度は更に高くなり、防水シートはより熱劣化しやすくなって、耐用年数は悪化する傾向にある。
また、防水シートは一般的には暗色系に着色されており、各色を調色する際に黒顔料を入れて色出しを行っている。黒顔料として、カーボンブラックが使用されているが、カーボンブラックは赤外線を吸収しやすいために蓄熱して防水シートの表面温度が上昇しやすい傾向にあった。
【0003】
防水シートの表面温度を下げる方法として、従来から、アルミ等の金属粉末、金属蒸着マイカ粉末等の光輝性充填材を添加したシルバー色の太陽光反射性塗料をシート表面に塗布する方法があるが、耐磨耗性が弱いため歩行できないこと、光輝性のため赤外線の他に可視光の反射率も高く眩しいこと、シルバー色のため美観性に欠けること、金属粉が酸化劣化して太陽光反射性が低下する等の問題点を有していた。
上記光輝性充填材を防水シートに練りこむ方法も考えられるが、塗布に比べ、工期の作業性は良くなるが、前記塗料の場合と同様に美観性に欠けるという問題は残ったままである。
一方、光輝性充填材を使用しない練り込みタイプで、貼張フィルムや樋等の屋外使用着色建材製品の温度上昇を避ける手段として、黒顔料として、カーボンブラックを使用せず、赤外線反射性顔料を添加して調色することで赤外線反射性を高める方法(例えば、特許文献1及び2、非特許文献1及び2参照)、また、赤外線透過性の顔料を添加して赤外線の透過性を高めて、建材の表面温度をさげ、製品の熱変形を防止する方法(特許文献3参照)などの方法が提案されている。
【0004】
特公昭60−30347号公報(特許文献3)では、硬質塩ビ樹脂成形雨樋の熱変形防止効果、特開昭58−167642号公報(特許文献1)では、園芸用ビニルハウスに使用する半硬質塩ビ樹脂成形羽目板の熱変形防止効果、特開2002−12679号公報(特許文献2)では、屋外用軟質塩ビ樹脂製フィルムの省エネ効果を目的とした記載がある。
しかし、防水シート表面の着色層に赤外線反射性を付与し、露出防水面の温度を下げることで、省エネ、防水シートの熱劣化を防止して耐久性向上を目的にした記載はない。
また、塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートのように、揮発性の可塑剤を添加して柔軟化しているシートは、高温化で可塑剤が揮発し硬くなり劣化が促進されるが、防水シートの表面温度をさげることで、可塑剤の揮発を抑制し、防水シートの劣化防止を目的に、防水シート表面の着色層に赤外線反射性を付与した記載もない。更には、居室上のベランダのような屋上の歩行可能なシート防水で、省エネと歩行を目的に防水シート表面の着色層に赤外線反射性を付与した記載もない。
【0005】
また、近年、都市部のヒートアイランド現象や地球温暖化にともない、年々外気温が上昇しており、空調費の高騰を招き、その省エネ対策が実施されている。建物の温度上昇を抑制する方法として、建物等屋上の下地上に断熱材を敷設し、その上にシートを敷設する断熱防水工法が年々盛んになっている。
【0006】
防水施工面の下地上にポリスチレン発泡板等の断熱材を敷設し、その上に、防水シートを敷設し、防水シートを固定金具を用いて下地にビス等で機械的に固定するか、或いは接着剤で接着し防水施工する断熱防水シート工法において、断熱材上の防水シートは断熱材が蓄熱するために、断熱材を使用しない非断熱防水シートに比べ、防水シート表面温度が10〜20℃程高くなる。今後、地球温暖化が進むと、更に、防水シート表面温度の差は開くことが予想され、防水シートはより熱劣化しやすくなる。
【0007】
特に、塩化ビニル樹脂等のように可塑剤を添加して形成している防水シートは、可塑剤の揮発が促進されるために、非断熱防水シートに比べて、硬くなりやすく劣化が早い。更に、断熱材として、汎用的に使用されているポリスチレン系断熱材は熱変形温度が70〜80℃のために、経年的に熱変形が生じ易くる。
対策として、例えば、可塑剤を添加して軟質化する塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートの場合は、揮発しずらい高分子量系の可塑剤を添加すれば、可塑剤の揮発も減り劣化防止効果を有するが、可塑剤が高分子化すると、シートとして硬くなりやすく、特に、冬期の施工性が悪くなるし、コストアップにもつながる。
しかも、シート表面の温度は従来と変わらないために、断熱材はシート表面の熱の影響をうけるために、断熱材の熱劣化や断熱性能の改善までには至らない。
【0008】
また、断熱材を熱変形温度の高いフェノール樹脂、ウレタン樹脂等の熱硬化樹脂に変更すれば、耐熱変形は防止できるが、防水シート表面の温度上昇は防止できず、防水シートの劣化防止効果はなく、コストアップにもなり、汎用性がない。
【0009】
更に、防水シートの施工方法として、シートを固定金具で機械的固定する工法があるが、その省力化工法として、加熱装置を用いて固定金具上のホットメルト接着剤を溶融し、固定金具とシートを接着固定する先付機械的固定工法が増えている。
【0010】
ステンレス板、亜鉛メッキ鉄板等の導体金属板の表面にポリエステル系樹脂、オレフィン系樹脂等のホットメルト接着樹脂が被覆された円形状等の固定金具を任意のピッチ間隔でコンクリート、ALC等の防水施工下地にビス等で固定し、その上に、塩化ビニル系樹脂製防水シート、加硫ゴム製防水シート、オレフィン系樹脂製防水シート等の防水シートを敷設し、上記固定金具上の防水シート上から例えば、電磁誘導加熱装置で固定金具を加熱し、その熱で金具表面のホットメルト接着樹脂を溶融し防水シートと固定金具を接合するホットメルト溶着固定金具先付機械的固定工法において、前記防水シート固定方法はホットメルト接着樹脂が防水シートを熱損傷させない温度で容易に固着できるため固定作業性が良い、誘導加熱で固定金具と防水シート裏面が加熱されて溶着されるために、防水シートの熱損傷が少ない等の利点がある。
【0011】
しかし、防水シートと固定金具の固着剤であるホットメルト接着樹脂は熱可塑性であるため、温度が上昇するのに伴って軟らかくなり、接着力が低下する傾向にある。夏期には、表面の色によって異なるが、防水シートの表面温度は70℃程になるために、常温(30℃以下)で2,450Nほどある防水シートと固定金具の接着力が1,500Nほどに低下する。更には、発泡ポリスチレン等の断熱材上に施工する断熱工法の場合、断熱材で蓄熱するために、非断熱工法に比べて、防水シートの温度が10〜20℃程高くなるために、防水シートと固定金具の接着力は更に低下する。このために、常温の固定力で固定金具の固定数を設定すると、夏期の強風時に防水シートが吹き飛ばされる危険性がある。
【0012】
上記対策として、固定金具との固定数を増して固定力を高めても良いが、コストアップになるし、施工作業性も悪くなる。また、ホットメルト接着樹脂の融点を上げる方法も考えられるが、融点を上げることは、溶融し難くなるために、加熱時間が長くなり、それによってディスクが高温になり防水シートが熱損傷を受けやすくなるなど、作業性の悪化と防水シートの熱劣化を招くことになる。
【0013】
シート防水工法で、熱の影響を受けやすい断熱工法、ホットメルト樹脂溶着機械的固定工法と組合わせてシートの熱劣化防止、断熱材の耐久性向上、機械的固定の耐久性向上及び省エネを目的に、赤外線反射性を付与した防水シートを利用した工法の記載もない。
【0014】
【先行技術文献の開示】
【特許文献1】
特開昭58−167642号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2002−12679号公報
【特許文献3】
特公昭60−30347号公報
【非特許文献1】
株式会社シーエムシー出版発行 最新顔料応用技術(1986年)
【非特許文献2】
株式会社シーエムシー出版発行 機能性顔料応用技術(1991年)
【0015】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明は上記の現状に鑑み、防水シート表面が任意の着色性を有し、遮熱性に優れた歩行可能な防水シートを提供し、断熱防水工法では、断熱材の耐熱耐久性及び防水シートの熱劣化耐久性を向上し、更に環境負荷を低減し断熱性を向上させる断熱シート防水工法を提供し、さらにホットメルト溶着固定金具先付機械的固定シート防水では、施工作業性が容易で、ホットメルト接着耐力を高め、固定耐久性を向上するような工法を提供することを目的とする。
【0016】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために本発明は、請求項1では建物の屋上やベランダ等のシート防水施工に用いる塩化ビニル樹脂製の防水シートであって、表面にカーボン顔料を含まないノンカーボン着色の塩化ビニル樹脂製赤外線反射層を有し、該赤外線反射層の700〜2100nm波長域における日射反射率が30%以上であり、カレンダー成形されてなることを特徴とする塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートとし、請求項2では上記赤外線反射層が中空セラミックバルーンを1〜10重量%含有することを特徴とする塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートとすることである。
更に請求項では下地上に断熱材が敷設され、その上に塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートを敷設し防水施工する断熱防水工法であって、請求項1又は2に記載の塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートを断熱材の上に施工すること、請求項では下地にホットメルト接着樹脂を被覆した導電性固定金具をビスで固定し、その上に塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートを敷設後、該固定金具上の塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートの上から誘導加熱装置を用いて、固定金具と塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートを溶着固定する工法であって、請求項1又は2に記載の塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートを施工することである。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の好適実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
【0018】
赤外線反射層を有する本発明の防水シートの構成は単層でも、複数層でもよく、寸法安定性を向上させるために基材として、ガラス繊維織物、ポリエステル繊維織物又はガラス不織布等を積層しても良い。防水シートが複数層からなる場合、防水シート表面の赤外線反射層を除く層には特に制限はない。
本発明の赤外線反射層は合成樹脂からなり、その着色にはカーボン顔料を除き、フタロシアニン系、イソインドリノン系、ペリレン系、アゾ系、縮合アゾ系、キナクリドン系、アンスラキノン系、アニリンブラック系、トリフェニルメタン系、ジオキサジン系、酸化チタン系、酸化鉄系、酸化クロム系、クロム酸鉛系、スピネル型焼成系等の顔料が使用できる。この中から、700〜2100nm波長域の赤外線反射率の高い顔料を任意に調合して着色する。
本発明では、以下、カーボン顔料を混合して着色する方法をカーボン着色といい、カーボン顔料を使用せずに着色する方法をノンカーボン着色という。
【0019】
例えば、防水シートがブラウン系の場合は、酸化チタン、イソインドリノンイエロー、フタロシアニンブルー、縮合アゾブラウンを混合したノンカーボン着色にすると、カーボン着色に比べて可視光域の日射反射率はそれほど変わらないが、700〜2100nm波長域の日射反射率が25%程高くなる。
防水シートがライトグレーの場合は、カーボン着色でも700〜2100nm波長域の日射反射率は45%と高いが、酸化チタン、酸化鉄、イソインドリノンイエロー、フタロシアニンブルーを混合したノンカーボン着色にすると、カーボン着色に比べて、可視光域の日射反射率はそれほど変わらないが、700〜2100nm波長域の日射反射率が10%程高くなる。
【0020】
防水シートの明度の違いによって、そのノンカーボン着色の効果は異なるが、暗色系程、ノンカーボン着色にすることにより、カーボン着色に比べて700〜2100nm波長域の日射反射率が20〜40%高くなり、その結果シート温度も10〜15℃程下がって遮熱効果は大きくなる。明色系でも、ノンカーボン着色にすることで、カーボン着色に比べて700〜2100nm波長域の日射反射率が5〜20%高くなり、その結果シート温度が3〜10℃程下がり、遮熱効果を有している。
また、酸化チタンベースで着色することが好ましく、明度の高い着色ほど、赤外線の反射率が高くなり、シート表面の温度も下がり、遮熱効果が高くなる。
L値(JIS Z 8729「色の表示方法」に記載の明度指数)を50以上にした明色系にすることで、さらに赤外線日射反射率が高くなり、好ましい。
【0021】
太陽光は300〜400nmの紫外線域含有比率が3%、400〜700nmの可視光域含有比率が47%、700〜2800nmの近赤外光域含有比率が50%といわれており、近赤外光が物体にあたると、吸収されたエネルギーがその物体を構成する分子を励起、分子振動を活発化し、その結果、これらが熱エネルギーに変換し、物体の温度を上昇させる。
一方、JIS A 5759「窓ガラス用フィルム」の日射反射率の測定が2100nmまでになっており、近赤外領域の波長として、700〜2100nmと記載されているため、本発明ではこの値を使用することにした。
JIS A 5759「窓ガラス用フィルム」の光学的性能試験の一つとして、日射反射率の測定方法があり、分光光度計を用いて、波長350〜2100nmまでを波長間隔50nmごとに36波長点の分光透過率を測定し、日射反射率を計算した。
【0022】
本発明では、赤外線反射層には着色顔料に加えて、中空セラミックバルーンを混合したほうが好ましく、中空セラミックバルーンによる鏡効果で紫外線から赤外線の日射反射率が良くなり、防水シートの耐光劣化、遮熱性が良くなる。中空のために、断熱効果もあり、更には、表面が梨地(表面の艶消し)になり、可視光の照り返しを抑制し、外観上も好ましい。
【0023】
中空セラミックバルーンはジルコア、ホウ化ケイ素、チタニア複合物等からなり、透明、半透明の中空又は真空中空のバルーンを形成する。通常、粒径は1〜100μmの範囲のものが使用され、好ましくは1〜50μmである。中空セラミックバルーンの粒度分布は単一粒径でも良いが、分布幅が広いほうが好ましい。粒度分布が広ければ、大きい粒子の間隙に小さい粒子が入り込み充填率が高くなり、太陽光の波長域に対応できるために、日射反射率、断熱効果が良くなる。
【0024】
中空セラミックバルーンの添加量は、日射反射率、表面強度、梨地を考慮すると、1〜10%が好ましい。1%以下では、日射反射率、梨地が悪化する傾向にあり、10%以上では表面強度が減少する傾向がある。
中空セラミックバルーンの圧縮強度は9.8N/mm以上が好ましく、このことにより押出成形やカレンダー成形でバルーンが破壊しづらくなる。
防水シートが多層構造からなる場合は、断熱性を付与するために、中空セラミックバルーンを表層下の裏層に添加しても良い。
【0026】
赤外線反射層の塩化ビニル樹脂には用途に応じ適宜、可塑剤、安定剤、加工助剤、充填剤、紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、抗菌剤、防カビ剤などの添加剤を添加することができる
【0027】
断熱工法の場合は、ALC、コンクリート、金属、木質等の防水躯体の上に発泡ポリスチレン、発泡フェノール樹脂、発泡ウレタン樹脂等の断熱材を敷設する。また、断熱材の上に緩衝を目的に発泡ポリエチレンシート等の緩衝シートを敷設する場合もある。次いで断熱材または緩衝シートの上に、本発明の防水シートを敷設し、エポキシ系樹脂、アクリルニトリル等の合成ゴム系接着材等の接着剤で接着施工するか、固定金具で防水シートを防水躯体に機械的に固定施工する。
【0028】
通常、断熱材としては発泡ポリスチレンが用いられ、発泡倍率は20〜40倍で、厚みが20〜50mmのものが使用される。また、ポリスチレン製断熱材の耐熱変形温度は70〜80℃であり、夏期の防水シート温度上昇を抑えることが重要である。
【0029】
誘導加熱によるホットメルト接着樹脂被覆固定金具先付機械固定工法の場合は、防水躯体上に、上記緩衝シートを敷設し、その上から所定の位置にステンレス板、亜鉛、アルミニウム、マグネシウムメッキ鋼板等の導体金属板の表面に融点が110〜130℃のポリエステル樹脂、オレフィン樹脂等のホットメルト接着樹脂を塗工した円形状、楕円形状等の固定ディスクをビス等で躯体に固定する。そして、その上に防水シートを敷設する。
誘導加熱によるホットメルト接着樹脂被覆固定金具先付機械固定工法と断熱工法を併用する場合は、防水躯体上に前記断熱材を敷設し、その上に前期記緩衝シートを敷設し、その上から、上記固定ディスクを躯体に固定後に、防水シートを敷設する。
次に、固定ディスク上の防水シートの上に誘導加熱装置を置き、該装置を5〜6秒間発振加熱し、固定ディスクを加熱し、その熱で金具表面のホットメルト接着樹脂を溶融し防水シートと固定ディスクを接合しながら防水シートを躯体に順次固定して防水施工をする。
【0030】
本発明の防水シートをホットメルト樹脂接着先付機械固定工法と組み合わせることで、夏期の防水シート温度上昇を抑えることができ、防水シートと固定ディスクの固定力を確保できる。
更に、断熱工法に該工法を適用した場合、非断熱工法とくらべ、防水シートの温度がより高くなるために固定耐力が低下してしまうが、本発明のシートと組み合わせることにより固定耐力の低下が防止できる。
いずれの場合も、本発明の防水シートと組み合わせることで、シートの耐風性が良くなることから、防水の信頼性が高まる。
【0031】
経年変化で防水シート表面に塵埃等が付着し汚れると、シートの日射反射性が悪くなるために、防水シート表面にフッ素系樹脂、シリコンアクリル系樹脂等のかとう性透明塗料、又は、塗料に光活性酸化チタンを添加したかとう性透明塗料を塗布し、汚れ防止処理をすることが好ましい。
又は、経年後、シートの遮熱効果を維持するために、定期的にシート表面に赤外線反射性着色塗料を塗布して保護しても良い。
【0032】
【実施例】
実施例を挙げて、本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
以下に、日射反射率、防水シート裏面温度、防水シートと固定ディスクとの接着力、耐候性の測定方法、評価方法を記す。
<日射反射率>
JIS A 5797「窓ガラス用フィルム」の日射反射率の測定方法に準ずる。
<防水シート裏面温度>
防水シート裏面と下地の間に温度センサーを取り付けて、シート裏面の温度を測定する。
<防水シートと固定ディスクとの接着力>
所定の恒温槽付引張試験機を使用し、防水シートと固定ディスクを接着した試験体を固定冶具に装着後、2時間放置してから、上下に引張り、シートとディスクの剥離強度を測定する。
<耐候性>
JIS A 6008「合成高分子系ルーフィングシート」の促進暴露試験に準ずる。
[実施例1]
0.9mmの塩化ビニル樹脂製黒色裏層をカレンダー成形機で圧延すると同時にガラス繊維織物を積層し基材とする。次いで表1に示す材料(ノンカーボン着色)で着色したグレー色の塩化ビニル樹脂製赤外線反射層を0.6mmにカレンダー成形機で圧延すると同時に上記基材に積層して総厚みが1.5mmの防水シートを得た。
50mm厚で600mm×600mmサイズの軽量発泡コンクリート板上の中央に温度センサーを取り付けた後、エポキシ樹脂系接着剤を塗布し、得られた防水シートを接着敷設した。これを屋外暴露し、防水シート裏面の温度を測定した。
その結果を表1に記す。
[実施例2]
赤外線反射層にセラミックバルーンを添加すること以外は実施例1と同じように操作し防水シート裏面の温度を測定した。その結果を表1に記す。
[比較例1]
カーボンブラックを添加した表1示す赤外線反射層の使用顔料(比較例1)を用いること以外は実施例1と同じように操作し防水シート裏面の温度を測定した。その結果を表1に記す。
【表1】

Figure 0004071677
防水シート表面を赤外線反射の高いノンカーボン着色にすることで防水シートの裏面温度は低くなり、遮熱効果が認められる。さらに、セラミックバルーンを添加することで、防水シートの裏面温度はより低くくなり、耐候性の向上も確認できた。
[実施例3]
厚みが30mmのコンクリート板上にスチレン・ブタジエンゴム接着剤で10mm厚の発泡ポリエチレン断熱材を接着し、断熱材上の中央に温度センサーを取り付けた後、断熱材表面にニトリル・ブタジエンゴム接着剤を塗布し、その上に実施例1で作製した防水シートを敷設し接着して試験体とする。この試験体を屋外に暴露し、防水シート裏面の温度を測定した。その結果を表2に記す。
[比較例2]
実施例1で作製した防水シートの代わりに比較例1で作製した防水シートを使用すること以外は、実施例3と同じように操作し、防水シート裏面の温度を測定した。その結果を表2に記す。
【表2】
Figure 0004071677
防水シートの表面をノンカーボン着色にすることで、赤外線反射性が良くなるために、防水シート裏面温度はカーボン着色に比べて、低くくなることが確認できた。これによって、ノンカーボン着色の防水シートで断熱施工することで、断熱材及びシートの熱劣化抑制されることを確認できた。また、夏期、同断熱材厚みで、高断熱効果を付与できることが確認できた。
[実施例4]
厚み0.8mmのステンレス板に融点が120℃のポリエステル樹脂ホットメルト接着剤を0.15mm厚に塗工し、これをφ90mmに打ち抜いて固定ディスクを作製する。この固定ディスクをホットメルト接着剤面を上にして、φ6mmのビスを使用して合板下地に固定する。合板下地の中央に温度センサーを取り付けた後、固定ディスクの上に実施例1で作製した防水シート敷設する。
次に、固定ディスク上の防水シートの上に、誘導加熱装置をあてがい、6秒加熱し、防水シートと固定ディスクを接着固定する。
300mmの高さから200Wのレフランプを照射し、防水シートの裏面温度を測定した。
更に、防水シートと固定ディスクを接着固定した試験体を、防水シートの到達温度に設定した恒温槽に防水シートと固定ディスクを設置し、引張試験機で、防水シートと固定ディスクの接着力を測定した。その結果を表3に記す。
[実施例5]
実施例1で作製した防水シートの代わりに実施例2で作製した防水シートを使用すること以外は実施例4と同じように操作し防水シート裏面の温度及び防水シートと固定ディスクの接着力を測定した。その結果を表3に記す。
[比較例3]
実施例1で作製した防水シートの代わりに比較例1で作製した防水シートを使用すること以外は実施例4と同じように操作し防水シート裏面の温度及び防水シートと固定ディスクの接着力を測定した。その結果を表3に記す。
【0033】
【表3】
Figure 0004071677
防水シートの表面をノンカーボン着色にすることで、赤外線反射性が良くなるために、防水シート裏面温度はカーボン着色に比べて、低くなることが確認できた。これによって、ホットメルト接着のシートと固定ディスクの固着力がアップし、ホットメルト接着先付け機械的固定におけるノンカーボン着色の防水シート施工の効果を確認できた。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
防水シート表面の赤外線反射層をノンカーボン調色にすることで、高い遮熱効果を有し、防水シートの温度上昇を抑制するために、防水シートの熱劣化による耐久性が大幅に改善されるし、保護板や屋上緑化のように建物への耐荷重負担を考えなくて屋上の省エネ効果が可能となる。従来と同様に意匠、景観を有することができる。
更に、中空セラミックバルーンを添加することで、赤外線と紫外線も反射するために、表面温度をさげるだけでなく、耐光劣化も少なくなり、防水シートの耐候耐久性が向上するし、表面が梨地になり、太陽光の照り返しも少なくなり、景観上も良い。
そして、太陽光の熱の影響を受けやすい断熱工法やホットメルト接着先付機械的固定工法において、本発明の防水シートを施工することで、防水の耐久性が大幅に良くなる。
断熱シート防水工法においては、防水シート及び断熱材の温度を下げるために、断熱材及び防水シートの熱劣化や断熱材の反りや変形による防水シートの損傷等を防止できるために防水の耐久性も向上するし、断熱性能の低下も抑制されるために断熱耐久性も改善される。更には、同断熱効果で断熱材の厚みを削減できるために、断熱材の搬送、廃棄等の環境負荷低減効果も有するし、同断熱材厚みでより高い断熱性を有するために、より高い省エネ効果を有することが可能である。
ホットメルト接着先付け機械的固定工法においては、防水シート及び固定金具面の温度を下げるために、ホットメルト接着樹脂被覆固定ディスクと防水シートとの固着耐力が向上するし、防水シート及びホットメルト接着樹脂の熱劣化も抑制するために、本工法の防水耐久性が大幅に改善される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention uses a waterproof sheet with high infrared reflectivity used for reducing the environmental burden on the rooftop, preventing deterioration of the waterproof sheet, and improving the durability of the construction method in waterproofing construction of roofs and verandas of buildings and the like. It relates to the construction method.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems]
There is a sheet waterproofing method in which a waterproof sheet is waterproofed by laying a waterproof sheet on the roof of the building or under the veranda, but the surface of the waterproof sheet is exposed, and the surface temperature rises by receiving sunlight directly. As the global warming progresses, the surface temperature of the waterproof sheet becomes higher, and the waterproof sheet is more likely to be thermally deteriorated, and the service life tends to deteriorate.
Further, the waterproof sheet is generally colored in a dark color system, and coloration is performed by adding a black pigment when toning each color. Carbon black is used as the black pigment. However, since carbon black easily absorbs infrared rays, it tends to store heat and the surface temperature of the waterproof sheet tends to increase.
[0003]
As a method for lowering the surface temperature of a waterproof sheet, there is a method of applying a silver-colored solar reflective paint to which a glittering filler such as metal powder such as aluminum or metal-deposited mica powder is added to the sheet surface. It is not wearable due to its low wear resistance, it is dazzling because it has high reflectivity of visible light in addition to infrared because of its luster, it lacks aesthetics due to its silver color, and the metal powder is oxidized and deteriorates to reflect sunlight It has problems such as a decrease in performance.
Although the method of kneading the glitter filler into a waterproof sheet is also conceivable, the workability of the construction period is improved as compared with coating, but the problem of lacking in aesthetics as in the case of the paint remains.
On the other hand, it is a kneading type that does not use a glittering filler, and as a means of avoiding temperature rise of outdoor use colored building materials such as sticking film and cocoons, carbon black is not used as a black pigment, and an infrared reflective pigment is used. Method of increasing infrared reflectivity by adding and toning (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2), and adding infrared transmissive pigments to increase infrared transmittance A method such as a method for reducing the surface temperature of building materials and preventing thermal deformation of products (see Patent Document 3) has been proposed.
[0004]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-30347 (Patent Document 3) discloses the effect of preventing thermal deformation of a hard PVC resin molded rain gutter, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-167642 (Patent Document 1) describes a semi-rigid used in a garden greenhouse. The effect of preventing thermal deformation of a PVC resin-molded siding board, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-12679 (Patent Document 2), has a description for the purpose of energy saving effect of an outdoor soft PVC resin film.
However, there is no description aiming at energy saving, preventing thermal deterioration of the waterproof sheet and improving durability by imparting infrared reflectivity to the colored layer on the surface of the waterproof sheet and lowering the temperature of the exposed waterproof surface.
In addition, sheets that have been softened by adding a volatile plasticizer, such as a waterproof sheet made of vinyl chloride resin, will accelerate and deteriorate due to the plasticizer volatilizing and hardening at high temperatures. There is no description of imparting infrared reflectivity to the colored layer on the surface of the waterproof sheet for the purpose of suppressing the volatilization of the plasticizer and preventing the deterioration of the waterproof sheet. Furthermore, there is no description of providing waterproofing of a roofable sheet such as a veranda in a living room and imparting infrared reflectivity to a colored layer on the surface of the waterproof sheet for the purpose of energy saving and walking.
[0005]
In recent years, with the heat island phenomenon in cities and global warming, the outside air temperature has been increasing year by year, leading to a rise in air conditioning costs, and energy saving measures are being implemented. As a method for suppressing the temperature rise of a building, a heat insulating waterproofing method in which a heat insulating material is laid on a base of a building or the like and a sheet is laid on the heat insulating material is becoming popular year by year.
[0006]
A thermal insulation material such as a polystyrene foam board is laid on the ground surface of the waterproof construction surface, and a waterproof sheet is laid on it, and the waterproof sheet is mechanically fixed to the ground with screws etc. or fixed using a fixing bracket. In the heat-insulating waterproof sheet construction method that adheres and waterproofs with an agent, the waterproof sheet on the heat insulating material stores the heat insulating material, so the surface temperature of the waterproof sheet is about 10 to 20 ° C. compared to the non-insulating waterproof sheet that does not use the heat insulating material. Get higher. As global warming progresses in the future, the difference in the surface temperature of the waterproof sheet is expected to further widen, and the waterproof sheet is more susceptible to thermal degradation.
[0007]
In particular, a waterproof sheet formed by adding a plasticizer such as a vinyl chloride resin is likely to be harder and deteriorates faster than a non-insulated waterproof sheet because the volatilization of the plasticizer is promoted. Furthermore, since a polystyrene-based heat insulating material that is generally used as a heat insulating material has a heat deformation temperature of 70 to 80 ° C., heat deformation tends to occur over time.
As a countermeasure, for example, in the case of a vinyl chloride resin waterproof sheet that is softened by adding a plasticizer, if a high-molecular-weight plasticizer that is difficult to volatilize is added, the volatilization of the plasticizer is reduced and the deterioration preventing effect is obtained. However, when the plasticizer is polymerized, it tends to become hard as a sheet, and in particular, the workability in winter is deteriorated and the cost is increased.
In addition, since the temperature of the sheet surface is not different from the conventional one, the heat insulating material is affected by the heat of the sheet surface, so that the heat deterioration of the heat insulating material and the heat insulating performance are not improved.
[0008]
In addition, if the heat insulating material is changed to a thermosetting resin such as phenol resin or urethane resin having a high heat distortion temperature, the heat resistance deformation can be prevented, but the temperature rise of the waterproof sheet surface cannot be prevented, and the deterioration prevention effect of the waterproof sheet is not effective. There is also no increase in cost and versatility.
[0009]
Furthermore, as a construction method of the waterproof sheet, there is a method of mechanically fixing the sheet with a fixing bracket. As a labor-saving method, the hot-melt adhesive on the fixing bracket is melted by using a heating device, and the fixing bracket and the sheet are fixed. There is an increasing number of tip-end mechanical fixing methods that bond and fix the material.
[0010]
Waterproof construction of concrete, ALC, etc. at any pitch interval with circular fixed metal fittings coated with hot melt adhesive resin such as polyester resin and olefin resin on the surface of conductive metal plate such as stainless steel plate and galvanized iron plate Fix the base with screws, etc., and lay a waterproof sheet such as a vinyl chloride resin waterproof sheet, a vulcanized rubber waterproof sheet, and an olefin resin waterproof sheet on top of the waterproof sheet on the fixing bracket. For example, in the hot-melt welding fixing metal fitting advanced mechanical fixing method in which the fixing metal is heated by an electromagnetic induction heating device, the hot melt adhesive resin on the metal surface is melted by the heat, and the waterproof sheet and the fixing metal are joined. Fixing work is easy with hot melt adhesive resin at a temperature that does not cause thermal damage to the waterproof sheet. For tarpaulins backside is welded is heated, there is an advantage of such as thermal damage of the waterproof sheet is small.
[0011]
However, since the hot melt adhesive resin, which is a fixing agent between the waterproof sheet and the fixing bracket, is thermoplastic, it tends to become softer and lower in adhesive strength as the temperature increases. In summer, the surface temperature of the waterproof sheet is about 70 ° C, although it varies depending on the color of the surface. Therefore, the adhesive strength between the waterproof sheet, which is about 2,450N at room temperature (30 ° C or less), and the fixing bracket is about 1,500N. To drop. Furthermore, in the case of a heat insulation method constructed on a heat insulating material such as expanded polystyrene, the temperature of the waterproof sheet is about 10 to 20 ° C. higher than that of the non-insulating method because heat is stored in the heat insulating material. And the adhesive strength of the fixture is further reduced. For this reason, if the fixed number of fixing brackets is set with a fixing force at room temperature, there is a risk that the waterproof sheet will be blown off during the summer strong winds.
[0012]
As the above countermeasure, the fixing force may be increased by increasing the number of fixing brackets, but the cost is increased and the workability is also deteriorated. Although a method of increasing the melting point of the hot-melt adhesive resin is also conceivable, increasing the melting point makes it difficult to melt, so the heating time becomes longer, thereby causing the disk to become hot and the waterproof sheet is easily damaged by heat. For example, the workability is deteriorated and the waterproof sheet is thermally deteriorated.
[0013]
The sheet waterproofing method is used in combination with the heat-sensitive heat-insulating method and hot-melt resin welding mechanical fixing method to prevent thermal deterioration of the sheet, improve the durability of the heat insulating material, improve the durability of the mechanical fixing, and save energy In addition, there is no description of a construction method using a waterproof sheet imparted with infrared reflectivity.
[0014]
[Disclosure of prior art documents]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 58-167642 A [Patent Document 2]
JP 2002-12679 A [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-30347 [Non-Patent Document 1]
Published by CMC Publishing Co., Ltd. Latest pigment application technology (1986)
[Non-Patent Document 2]
Published by CMC Publishing Co., Ltd. Functional pigment application technology (1991)
[0015]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in view of the above-described present situation, the present invention provides a walkable waterproof sheet having an arbitrary coloring property on the surface of the waterproof sheet and excellent in heat shielding properties. We provide a thermal insulation sheet waterproofing method that improves the thermal deterioration durability of the sheet, further reduces the environmental impact and improves the thermal insulation. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving hot-melt adhesive strength and improving fixing durability.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a waterproof sheet made of a vinyl chloride resin used for waterproofing a sheet on a rooftop of a building, a veranda, or the like, and is a non-carbon colored chloride containing no carbon pigment on the surface. have a vinyl resin infrared reflective layer, and a solar reflectance at 700~2100nm wavelength region of the infrared reflective layer is 30% or more, and a waterproof sheet made of vinyl chloride resin, characterized in that formed by calendering, wherein Item 2 is a vinyl chloride resin waterproof sheet characterized in that the infrared reflection layer contains 1 to 10% by weight of a hollow ceramic balloon.
Further laying the heat insulating material according to claim 3, on a base, a heat insulating waterproof construction method for waterproofing execution laid a waterproof sheet made of vinyl chloride resin thereon, tarpaulin made of vinyl chloride resin according to claim 1 or 2 In claim 4 , a conductive fixing metal fitting covered with a hot melt adhesive resin is fixed with a screw, and a vinyl chloride resin waterproof sheet is laid on the fixing metal fitting. of using an induction heating device from the top of the waterproof sheet made of vinyl chloride resin, a fixing member and the waterproof sheet made of vinyl chloride resin to a method for welded and fixed, the waterproof sheeting vinyl chloride resin according to claim 1 or 2 It is to construct.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0018]
The structure of the waterproof sheet of the present invention having an infrared reflective layer may be a single layer or a plurality of layers, and a glass fiber fabric, a polyester fiber fabric or a glass nonwoven fabric may be laminated as a base material in order to improve dimensional stability. good. When the waterproof sheet is composed of a plurality of layers, there are no particular restrictions on the layers other than the infrared reflective layer on the surface of the waterproof sheet.
The infrared reflective layer of the present invention is made of a synthetic resin, and its coloring is excluding carbon pigment, phthalocyanine, isoindolinone, perylene, azo, condensed azo, quinacridone, anthraquinone, aniline black, Triphenylmethane-based, dioxazine-based, titanium oxide-based, iron oxide-based, chromium oxide-based, lead chromate-based and spinel-type pigments can be used. Among these, a pigment having a high infrared reflectance in a wavelength range of 700 to 2100 nm is arbitrarily prepared and colored.
In the present invention, the method of coloring by mixing the carbon pigment is hereinafter referred to as carbon coloring, and the method of coloring without using the carbon pigment is referred to as non-carbon coloring.
[0019]
For example, when the waterproof sheet is brown, the solar reflectance in the visible light region does not change much compared to carbon coloring when non-carbon coloring is mixed with titanium oxide, isoindolinone yellow, phthalocyanine blue, and condensed azo brown. However, the solar reflectance in the 700-2100 nm wavelength region is increased by about 25%.
When the waterproof sheet is light gray, the solar reflectance in the 700-2100 nm wavelength region is as high as 45% even with carbon coloring, but when it is made non-carbon coloring mixed with titanium oxide, iron oxide, isoindolinone yellow, phthalocyanine blue, Compared with carbon coloring, the solar reflectance in the visible light region does not change so much, but the solar reflectance in the 700-2100 nm wavelength region is increased by about 10%.
[0020]
The effect of non-carbon coloring differs depending on the lightness of the waterproof sheet, but by using non-carbon coloring in the dark color system, the solar reflectance in the 700-2100 nm wavelength region is 20-40% higher than that of carbon coloring. As a result, the sheet temperature is also lowered by about 10 to 15 ° C., and the heat shielding effect is increased. Even in bright colors, non-carbon coloring increases the solar reflectance in the wavelength range of 700 to 2100 nm by 5 to 20% compared to carbon coloring. As a result, the sheet temperature decreases by about 3 to 10 ° C., resulting in a heat shielding effect. have.
Moreover, it is preferable to color with a titanium oxide base, and the higher the lightness, the higher the infrared reflectance, the lower the temperature of the sheet surface, and the higher the heat shielding effect.
By making the L value (brightness index described in JIS Z 8729 “Color Display Method”) a bright color system of 50 or more, the infrared solar reflectance is further increased, which is preferable.
[0021]
Sunlight is said to have an ultraviolet content of 300 to 400 nm of 3%, a visible light content of 400 to 700 nm of 47%, and a near infrared light content of 700 to 2800 nm of 50%. When light strikes an object, the absorbed energy excites the molecules that make up the object and activates molecular vibrations, which convert them into thermal energy and raise the temperature of the object.
On the other hand, the measurement of solar reflectance of JIS A 5759 “film for window glass” is up to 2100 nm, and the wavelength in the near infrared region is described as 700 to 2100 nm. Therefore, this value is used in the present invention. Decided to do.
As one of the optical performance tests of JIS A 5759 “Film for window glass”, there is a method of measuring solar reflectance. Using a spectrophotometer, a wavelength of 350 to 2100 nm is obtained at 36 wavelength points every wavelength interval of 50 nm. Spectral transmittance was measured and solar reflectance was calculated.
[0022]
In the present invention, it is preferable to mix a hollow ceramic balloon in addition to the color pigment in the infrared reflecting layer, the solar radiation reflectance from ultraviolet to infrared is improved by the mirror effect of the hollow ceramic balloon, the light resistance deterioration of the waterproof sheet, the heat shielding property Will be better. Since it is hollow, it also has a heat insulating effect, and furthermore, the surface becomes satin (matte on the surface), suppresses reflection of visible light, and is preferable in terms of appearance.
[0023]
The hollow ceramic balloon is made of a zir core, silicon boride, titania composite or the like, and forms a transparent, translucent hollow or vacuum hollow balloon. Usually, the particle diameter is in the range of 1 to 100 μm, preferably 1 to 50 μm. The particle size distribution of the hollow ceramic balloon may be a single particle size, but a wider distribution width is preferred. If the particle size distribution is wide, small particles enter the gaps between large particles to increase the filling rate, and can cope with the wavelength range of sunlight, so that the solar reflectance and heat insulation effect are improved.
[0024]
The addition amount of the hollow ceramic balloon is preferably 1 to 10% in consideration of solar reflectance, surface strength, and satin. If it is 1% or less, the solar reflectance and satin tend to deteriorate, and if it is 10% or more, the surface strength tends to decrease.
The compressive strength of the hollow ceramic balloon is preferably 9.8 N / mm 2 or more, which makes it difficult for the balloon to break during extrusion molding or calendar molding.
When the waterproof sheet has a multilayer structure, a hollow ceramic balloon may be added to the back layer below the surface layer in order to provide heat insulation.
[0026]
For the vinyl chloride resin of the infrared reflecting layer , plasticizers, stabilizers, processing aids, fillers, UV absorbers, antioxidants, flame retardants, antistatic agents, antibacterial agents, fungicides, etc. Additives can be added .
[0027]
In the case of the heat insulation method, a heat insulating material such as foamed polystyrene, foamed phenol resin, and urethane foam resin is laid on a waterproof casing made of ALC, concrete, metal, wood or the like. Moreover, a cushioning sheet such as a foamed polyethylene sheet may be laid on the heat insulating material for the purpose of cushioning. Next, the waterproof sheet of the present invention is laid on the heat insulating material or the buffer sheet, and bonded with an adhesive such as an epoxy resin, a synthetic rubber adhesive such as acrylonitrile, or the waterproof sheet is waterproofed with a fixing bracket. Fixed mechanically.
[0028]
Usually, expanded polystyrene is used as the heat insulating material, and the expansion ratio is 20 to 40 times and the thickness is 20 to 50 mm. Moreover, the heat-resistant deformation temperature of a polystyrene heat insulating material is 70 to 80 ° C., and it is important to suppress a rise in the temperature of the waterproof sheet in summer.
[0029]
In the case of a hot-melt adhesive resin-coated fixing metal fitting machine fixing method by induction heating, the buffer sheet is laid on a waterproof casing, and a stainless steel plate, zinc, aluminum, magnesium-plated steel plate, etc. A circular or elliptical fixed disk in which a hot melt adhesive resin such as a polyester resin or an olefin resin having a melting point of 110 to 130 ° C. is applied to the surface of the conductive metal plate is fixed to the housing with screws or the like. And a waterproof sheet is laid on it.
In the case of using both the heat-melt adhesive resin-coated fixing bracket tip machine fixing method and heat insulation method by induction heating, the heat insulating material is laid on the waterproof casing, and the buffer sheet described above is laid thereon, from above, After fixing the fixing disk to the housing, a waterproof sheet is laid.
Next, an induction heating device is placed on the waterproof sheet on the fixed disk, the apparatus is oscillated and heated for 5 to 6 seconds, the fixed disk is heated, and the heat melts the hot-melt adhesive resin on the surface of the metal fitting to waterproof the sheet. Waterproofing work is done by fixing the waterproof sheet to the frame in sequence while joining the fixed disk.
[0030]
By combining the waterproof sheet of the present invention with a hot-melt resin adhesive-adhered machine fixing method, it is possible to suppress an increase in the temperature of the waterproof sheet in summer, and to secure a fixing force between the waterproof sheet and the fixing disk.
Furthermore, when this method is applied to the heat insulation method, the fixing strength is reduced because the temperature of the waterproof sheet is higher than that of the non-insulating method, but the fixing strength is reduced by combining with the sheet of the present invention. Can be prevented.
In any case, by combining with the waterproof sheet of the present invention, since the wind resistance of the sheet is improved, the reliability of waterproofing is enhanced.
[0031]
If dust or the like adheres to the surface of the waterproof sheet due to secular change, the solar reflectivity of the sheet deteriorates. Therefore, the surface of the waterproof sheet is made of transparent transparent paint such as fluororesin or silicon acrylic resin, or light on the paint. It is preferable to apply a transparent transparent paint to which active titanium oxide has been added, and to carry out antifouling treatment.
Alternatively, after the aging, in order to maintain the heat shielding effect of the sheet, an infrared reflective coloring paint may be periodically applied to the sheet surface for protection.
[0032]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The solar reflectance, the waterproof sheet back surface temperature, the adhesive strength between the waterproof sheet and the fixed disk, the weather resistance measuring method, and the evaluation method are described below.
<Solar reflectance>
In accordance with the measurement method of solar reflectance of JIS A 5797 “Film for window glass”.
<Temperature of the waterproof sheet>
Install a temperature sensor between the back of the tarpaulin and the base, and measure the temperature of the back of the sheet.
<Adhesive strength between waterproof sheet and fixed disk>
Using a predetermined tensile tester with a thermostatic bath, a test specimen bonded with a waterproof sheet and a fixed disk is mounted on a fixing jig, left for 2 hours, and then pulled up and down to measure the peel strength between the sheet and the disk.
<Weather resistance>
Conforms to the accelerated exposure test of JIS A 6008 “Synthetic polymer roofing sheet”.
[Example 1]
A 0.9 mm vinyl chloride resin black back layer is rolled with a calendering machine, and at the same time a glass fiber fabric is laminated to form a substrate. Next, the infrared reflective layer made of a gray vinyl chloride resin colored with the material shown in Table 1 (non-carbon coloring) was rolled to 0.6 mm with a calendering machine and simultaneously laminated on the base material to have a total thickness of 1.5 mm. A waterproof sheet was obtained.
A temperature sensor was attached to the center of a light-weight foamed concrete board having a thickness of 50 mm and a size of 600 mm × 600 mm, and then an epoxy resin adhesive was applied, and the resulting waterproof sheet was adhered and laid. This was exposed outdoors and the temperature of the back surface of the waterproof sheet was measured.
The results are shown in Table 1.
[Example 2]
The temperature of the back surface of the waterproof sheet was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a ceramic balloon was added to the infrared reflective layer. The results are shown in Table 1.
[Comparative Example 1]
The temperature of the back surface of the waterproof sheet was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pigment used for the infrared reflecting layer shown in Table 1 to which carbon black was added (Comparative Example 1) was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
[Table 1]
Figure 0004071677
By making the surface of the waterproof sheet non-carbon-colored with high infrared reflection, the back surface temperature of the waterproof sheet is lowered and a heat shielding effect is recognized. Furthermore, by adding a ceramic balloon, the back surface temperature of the waterproof sheet became lower, and an improvement in weather resistance could be confirmed.
[Example 3]
Adhere a 10 mm thick polyethylene foam insulation with a styrene / butadiene rubber adhesive on a 30 mm thick concrete plate, attach a temperature sensor to the center of the insulation, and then apply a nitrile / butadiene rubber adhesive on the insulation surface. It is applied, and the waterproof sheet prepared in Example 1 is laid on and adhered to obtain a test specimen. This test body was exposed outdoors, and the temperature of the back surface of the waterproof sheet was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
[Comparative Example 2]
The temperature of the back surface of the waterproof sheet was measured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the waterproof sheet prepared in Comparative Example 1 was used instead of the waterproof sheet prepared in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[Table 2]
Figure 0004071677
By making the surface of the waterproof sheet non-carbon-colored, the infrared reflectivity is improved, so that the back surface temperature of the waterproof sheet was confirmed to be lower than that of carbon-colored. Thus, it was confirmed that the heat deterioration of the heat insulating material and the sheet was suppressed by performing the heat insulation work with the non-carbon-colored waterproof sheet. Moreover, it was confirmed that a high heat insulating effect can be imparted with the thickness of the heat insulating material in summer.
[Example 4]
A polyester resin hot melt adhesive having a melting point of 120 ° C. is applied to a 0.8 mm thick stainless steel plate to a thickness of 0.15 mm, and this is punched out to φ90 mm to produce a fixed disk. This fixed disk is fixed to the plywood substrate using a φ6 mm screw with the hot melt adhesive surface facing upward. After attaching the temperature sensor to the center of the plywood substrate, the waterproof sheet produced in Example 1 is laid on the fixed disk.
Next, an induction heating device is applied on the waterproof sheet on the fixed disk and heated for 6 seconds to bond and fix the waterproof sheet and the fixed disk.
A 200 W reflex lamp was irradiated from a height of 300 mm, and the back surface temperature of the waterproof sheet was measured.
In addition, the waterproof sheet and the fixed disk are bonded and fixed, and the waterproof sheet and the fixed disk are installed in a thermostat set to the ultimate temperature of the waterproof sheet, and the adhesion between the waterproof sheet and the fixed disk is measured with a tensile tester. did. The results are shown in Table 3.
[Example 5]
The temperature of the back surface of the waterproof sheet and the adhesive force between the waterproof sheet and the fixing disk were measured in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the waterproof sheet prepared in Example 2 was used instead of the waterproof sheet prepared in Example 1. did. The results are shown in Table 3.
[Comparative Example 3]
The temperature of the back surface of the waterproof sheet and the adhesive force between the waterproof sheet and the fixing disk are measured in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the waterproof sheet manufactured in Comparative Example 1 is used instead of the waterproof sheet manufactured in Example 1. did. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0033]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004071677
By making the surface of the waterproof sheet non-carbon-colored, the infrared reflectivity is improved, and it was confirmed that the back surface temperature of the waterproof sheet is lower than that of carbon-colored. As a result, the adhesive strength between the hot melt adhesive sheet and the fixing disk was increased, and the effect of the non-carbon-colored waterproof sheet construction in the hot melt adhesive pre-mechanical fixing could be confirmed.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
By making the infrared reflective layer on the surface of the waterproof sheet non-carbon toned, it has a high heat shielding effect, and the durability due to thermal deterioration of the waterproof sheet is greatly improved in order to suppress the temperature rise of the waterproof sheet. However, it is possible to save energy on the roof without considering the load bearing load on the building, such as a protective plate or rooftop greening. It can have a design and a landscape as in the past.
In addition, the addition of hollow ceramic balloons reflects both infrared and ultraviolet rays, which not only lowers the surface temperature, but also reduces light resistance, improves the weather resistance and durability of the waterproof sheet, and makes the surface textured. Sunlight is less reflected and the landscape is good.
And in the heat insulation method and hot-melt-adhesion-adhered mechanical fixing method which are easily influenced by the heat of sunlight, the durability of waterproofing is greatly improved by applying the waterproof sheet of the present invention.
In the insulation sheet waterproofing method, the durability of the waterproof sheet is also improved because the thermal insulation of the insulation sheet and the waterproof sheet can be prevented from being deteriorated and the damage of the waterproof sheet due to the warping and deformation of the insulation material can be prevented. In addition, since the deterioration of the heat insulation performance is suppressed, the heat insulation durability is also improved. Furthermore, since the thickness of the heat insulating material can be reduced due to the same heat insulating effect, it also has the effect of reducing the environmental load such as transportation and disposal of the heat insulating material, and because the heat insulating material has a higher heat insulating property, higher energy saving is achieved. It is possible to have an effect.
In the hot melt adhesive pre-fixed mechanical fixing method, the bonding strength between the hot melt adhesive resin-coated fixing disk and the waterproof sheet is improved in order to lower the temperature of the waterproof sheet and the fixing bracket surface, and the waterproof sheet and hot melt adhesive resin are improved. Therefore, the waterproof durability of this method is greatly improved.

Claims (4)

建物の屋上やベランダ等のシート防水施工に用いる塩化ビニル樹脂製の防水シートであって、表面にカーボン顔料を含まないノンカーボン着色の塩化ビニル樹脂製赤外線反射層を有し、該赤外線反射層の700〜2100nm波長域における日射反射率が30%以上であり、カレンダー成形されてなることを特徴とする塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シート。A waterproof sheet made of vinyl chloride resin used for the sheet waterproofing execution of such roof and veranda buildings, have a vinyl chloride resin infrared reflective layer of the non-carbon coloring does not include the carbon pigment on the surface of the infrared reflective layer A waterproofing sheet made of a vinyl chloride resin , characterized by having a solar reflectance in a wavelength range of 700 to 2100 nm of 30% or more and being calendered . 上記赤外線反射層が中空セラミックバルーンを1〜10重量%含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シート。2. The vinyl chloride resin waterproof sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the infrared reflecting layer contains 1 to 10% by weight of a hollow ceramic balloon. 下地上に断熱材が敷設され、その上に塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートを敷設し防水施工する断熱防水工法であって、請求項1又は2に記載の塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートを断熱材の上に施工することを特徴とする断熱防水工法。A heat insulating waterproofing method in which a heat insulating material is laid on the ground, and a vinyl chloride resin waterproof sheet is laid on the heat insulating waterproofing method, wherein the vinyl chloride resin waterproof sheet according to claim 1 or 2 is placed on the heat insulating material. Thermal insulation waterproofing method, characterized by being applied to ホットメルト接着樹脂を被覆した導電性固定金具をビスで下地に固定し、該固定金具の上に塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートを敷設後、該固定金具上の塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートの上から誘導加熱装置を用いて、固定金具と塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートを溶着固定する工法であって、請求項1又は2に記載の塩化ビニル樹脂製防水シートを施工することを特徴とする先付機械的固定シート防水工法。A conductive fixing bracket covered with hot-melt adhesive resin is fixed to the base with screws, and a vinyl chloride resin tarpaulin is laid on the fixing bracket, and then guided from the top of the vinyl chloride resin tarpaulin on the fixing bracket. using a heating device, a fixing bracket and the waterproof sheet made of vinyl chloride resin to a method for welding a fixed, previously with mechanical, characterized by applying a waterproof sheet made of vinyl chloride resin according to claim 1 or 2 Fixed sheet waterproofing method.
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