JP4075200B2 - Operation method in vacuum refining vessel - Google Patents
Operation method in vacuum refining vessel Download PDFInfo
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- JP4075200B2 JP4075200B2 JP08585099A JP8585099A JP4075200B2 JP 4075200 B2 JP4075200 B2 JP 4075200B2 JP 08585099 A JP08585099 A JP 08585099A JP 8585099 A JP8585099 A JP 8585099A JP 4075200 B2 JP4075200 B2 JP 4075200B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えばRH脱ガス処理等において使用される真空精錬容器における操業方法に関し、とくに、該精錬容器の内壁(内張り耐火物)の損傷を回避してその寿命のより一層の延長を図ろうとするものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
RH脱ガス処理等において使用される真空精錬容器は、過酷な操業環境下にあってもそれに耐えることができるように耐火レンガが内張りされているが、該容器は使用頻度が増すにつれ機械的な摩耗や化学的な溶失が起こるのが避けられず、このような耐火物の損傷を回避して耐火物原単位を軽減することは真空精錬の操業においてはとくに重要な課題になっていた。
【0003】
この点に関する先行技術として例えば特開昭62−13516号公報には、容器の内張りとして2〜30wt%の炭素含有耐火物を使用し、処理中に容器内の溶鋼にスラグ形成材を投入して耐火物を保護するようにした操業方法が、また、特開平9−227927号公報には、RH脱ガス設備において真空槽内に溶鋼を吸い上げた状態で溶湯湯面に耐火物保護剤を添加し、ついで、槽内の真空度を変動させて湯面を徐々に降下させることによって耐火物保護剤を耐火物に付着させるようにした方法が開示されている。
【0004】
また、上記のような技術の他、操業に際して容器の内壁に付着した地金の溶出を回避すべく、付着地金をバーナー等を用いて溶解除去する方法(特開昭54−24205号公報、特開平4−236710号公報、特開平6−73431号公報、特開平6−73434号公報、特開平7−292411号公報)等も知られており、これまでに多数の提案が見られる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、真空脱ガス処理に際して耐火物を保護するために耐火物保護用のスラグを形成させたり、耐火物保護剤を投入する場合においては、溶湯(溶鋼)の温度降下を促す原因になることからその温度を補償するための熱エネルギーが必要になるためコストアップを余儀なくされ、また、スラグの形成によって耐火物を保護する場合にはスラグが溶湯に巻き込まれるおそれもあって高い品質が求められる鋼の製造において適用し難いところに問題を残していた。
【0006】
一方、バーナー等を用いて耐火物に付着した地金を溶解除去する場合においては、耐火物の表層はO2ガスや燃焼混合ガスに曝されることになるので耐火物の表層部での酸化、劣化が促進される傾向にあり、耐火物の耐用期間に悪影響を与え、何れにおいても有効な手立てにはなっていないのが現状であった。
【0007】
本発明の目的は、真空精錬容器内の耐火物の酸化や劣化を防止したうえで耐用期間の著しい延長を図るとことができる真空精錬容器における操業方法を提案するところにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明にかかる操業方法は、RH脱ガス処理装置を用いて真空精錬容器内に取鍋内の溶鋼を吸い上げて溶湯の脱ガス処理を実施するに当たり、該脱ガス処理の全処理期間を通じて真空精錬容器の少なくとも湯面から排気口下端に至るまでの領域の内壁面に、厚さ:5〜500 mm の地金層を付着させた状態を維持しつつ溶湯の脱ガス処理を行う点に特徴を有する。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
真空精錬においては、溶湯を保持する取鍋等の容器における湯面と真空槽内における溶湯の湯面との差(レベル差)は、大気圧と真空槽内の内圧と溶湯の比重で計算することが可能であり、真空度を0.1Torr、溶湯(溶鋼)の比重を7.0 g/cm3 と仮定した場合、約1400mm程度の湯面差となり、真空精錬容器においてそれよりも上部では、溶湯は容器の内壁に直接接触することはなく、溶湯の処理に際して地金が付着することになる。本発明においては、真空精錬において溶湯と直接接触することがない容器の内壁部分に積極的に地金が付着するようにコントロールし、耐火物の表層部が酸化や劣化の原因となる大気ガス、真空処理の際に発生する排ガスに曝されるのを防ぐ保護層として付着地金層を活用する。
【0012】
図1は精錬容器内の地金の付着量と耐火物の損耗指数の関係を示したものである。溶湯が直接接することがない容器上部では、地金の付着量を増すことによって耐火物の損耗が著しく小さくなることが明らかである。
【0013】
本発明においては、地金層の付着領域を少なくとも真空精錬容器内における溶湯の湯面から排気口下端に至るまでの領域としたが、その理由は、この領域がとくに耐火物が損傷を受けやすい領域だからである。
【0014】
地金層の厚さは、5〜500mmの範囲に保持するが、その理由は、地金層の厚さがこれよりも薄いと、耐火物を保護する保護層としての十分な機能を果たすことができず、一方、地金層の厚さが上記の値よりも厚くしても大きな改善効果の向上がみられないからである。また、500mm以上の地金厚さになると、地金表面の凹凸に、投入した合金材が引っ掛かり合金材の添加歩留りが低下したり、成長した地金により排気能力が低下することが観察されたため上限を500mmとする。
【0015】
地金層の厚さのコントールは、バーナーを使用する方法、酸素ガスを吹きつけて溶解させる方法等を適用して地金層の厚さを上記の範囲に納めることによって実現できるが、とくに、これらの方法にのみ限定されるものではない。また、地金を付着させる方法としては、極低炭素鋼を精錬する際に、脱炭期に一気に高真空まで排気していわゆるバブル・バースト(気泡の破裂)によって発生するメタルダストを付着させて成長させる方法や、上吹ランスのガス流量を増大させ槽内の鋼浴表面からスプラッシュを飛散させて、これを付着させる方法、あるいは環流ガス量を増大させる方法等が適用できるが、本発明ではこれにのみに限定されるわけではなく、この他種々の方法が適用できる。
【0016】
真空精錬に際して精錬容器の内張り耐火物に付着した地金層は、次(次のチャージ)の処理の際に溶出して溶湯の成分に悪影響を与え品質の劣化原因になるため除去されるのが普通であるが、本発明では、とくに容器内に吸い上げられた溶湯の湯面よりも上部に積極的に地金層を形成するため溶湯の成分や品質に悪影響を与えることはない。しかも、地金層を形成した場合、耐火物の保温効果も期待でき、保熱のための燃焼ガスやそのためのユーティリテーを削減できる利点がある。
【0017】
また、地金層の保温効果により耐火物の熱変化によるスポーリングが大幅に軽減されるだけでなく、耐火物の損耗が小さいため補充頻度も極めて少なくできる。
【0018】
図2は付着地金層による耐火物の保熱効果を示したものであるが、地金層の形成によって耐火物の保熱効果が格段に改善される傾向にあることが明らかである。
【0019】
上掲図2においては地金層の厚さに規制を加えていないため地金の付着が促進されるに従い付着部が圧力損失部になる可能性が高いが、このような圧力損失は地金層の厚さの上限値を500mmとすることによって容易に回避することができる。
【0020】
【実施例】
280ton /ch(溶鋼量)で一カ月に500chのRH脱ガス処理を実施できる製鋼工場で本発明に従う操業を実施(同一のRH槽を使用し、極低炭素鋼種を30%、低炭素鋼種を30%、中炭素鋼種を20%、高炭素鋼種を20%の順で処理)した場合における処理容器の内張り耐火物の耐久性について、付着した地金を溶融除去する場合(極低炭素鋼種:30%、低炭素鋼種:25%、中炭素鋼種25%、高炭素鋼種:20%)の操業とともに調査した。
【0021】
操業条件
適合例(本発明に従う操業)
極低炭素鋼:
処理前〔C〕=0.04〜0.06wt%の溶鋼を上吹ランスからの酸素吹練による脱炭処理を3〜5分間を行い、次いで酸素吹練を停止し真空処理によるリムド脱炭を5〜15分間、さらに、脱酸、合金材添加とキルド処理を行い、最終的に〔C〕=0.0005〜0.0030wt%の極低炭素鋼を溶製した。全処理時間は15〜30分であった。
低炭素鋼、中炭素鋼、高炭素鋼:
何れも転炉出鋼時に脱酸処理した溶鋼を、7〜20分のキルド処理を行い、最終成分調整と脱酸生成物の浮上分離処理を行った。
地金層の厚さのコントロール:
下記の地金厚さの増大処理と、地金厚さの低減処理を適宜に繰り返して地金厚さのコントロールを行った。なお、地金の厚さの上限は、槽内観察用のテレビカメラの画像に、予めコールド状態で地金の上限厚さに相当する位置にマーキングを設けておき、これを処理中の画像と比較してコントロールした。また、地金厚さが5mm未満では、槽内壁の輝度が低くなるので、地金厚さの低減処理中に、上記テレビカメラの画像で槽内壁の輝度が極端に低下しないようにして、常に、下限値以上の地金厚さを確保するようにした。
地金厚さの増大(地金付着)処理----上昇管内に吹き込む環流ガスの量を通常の1.5倍程度とすることによって溶鋼表面からのスプラッシュ量を増大することによって行った。
地金厚さの低減(地金除去)処理----槽内に、横向きに酸素ガスを噴出させることができるようにしたアタッチメントを有する上吹きランスを用いて、該アタッチメントから酸素ガスを噴出させ地金に酸素ガスを吹付けることによって溶解除去した。
【0022】
比較例(従来方式に従う操業)
極低炭素鋼、低炭素鋼、中炭素鋼、高炭素鋼:
地金層の厚さのコントロールを除いては、何れも上述の適合例と同様の操業を行った。槽内に付着した地金については、ほぼ毎チャージ後に槽内に横向きに酸素ガスを噴出させることができるアタッチメントを有する上吹きランスを用い該アタッチメントから噴出させた酸素ガスを地金に吹きつけることによって溶解除去した。
【0023】
本発明に従って操業した場合においては、容器(RH槽)の上部における耐火物の損耗は全く見られなかったのに対して、比較例では耐火物の損耗が進行していて使用前における耐火物厚さの70%が損耗していた。
【0024】
適合例にて操業した容器と比較例にて操業した容器を比べると、脱炭を伴わない低炭素鋼、中炭素鋼、高炭素鋼の操業比率に多少の違いはあるものの、容器内の上部の耐火物の溶損速度に影響を及ぼす極低炭素鋼の処理比率は同じであるから、耐火物の損耗状況の違いは地金層による耐火物の保護効果によるものと考えられた。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、真空精錬容器のとくに溶湯と直接接しない領域に積極的に地金層を形成するようにしたので、大気ガスや真空処理中の排気ガスによる耐火物の酸化や劣化を回避され該容器の寿命を著しく延長することが可能になった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 耐火物の損耗指数と地金付着量の関係を示したグラフである。
【図2】 地金付着による耐火物の保熱効果を調べた結果を示したものであって、耐火物温度降下量と操業後の放置時間の関係で示したグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an operation method in a vacuum smelting vessel used in, for example, RH degassing treatment, and in particular, to avoid damage to the inner wall (lined refractory) of the smelting vessel and further extend its life. To do.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The vacuum smelting vessel used in the RH degassing process is lined with refractory bricks so that it can withstand even in severe operating environments, but the vessel is mechanically used as the frequency of use increases. Wear and chemical erosion are unavoidable, and reducing the refractory intensity by avoiding such refractory damage has become a particularly important issue in vacuum refining operations.
[0003]
As a prior art regarding this point, for example, JP-A-62-151616 uses a refractory containing 2 to 30 wt% of carbon as a lining of a container, and throws a slag forming material into the molten steel in the container during processing. An operation method for protecting a refractory is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-227927 in which a refractory protectant is added to the surface of a molten metal in a state in which molten steel is sucked into a vacuum tank in an RH degassing facility. Next, a method is disclosed in which the refractory protective agent is attached to the refractory by gradually lowering the surface of the hot water by changing the degree of vacuum in the tank.
[0004]
In addition to the above-described technique, in order to avoid elution of ingots adhering to the inner wall of the container during operation, a method of dissolving and removing adhering ingots using a burner or the like (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-24205, JP-A-4-236710, JP-A-6-73431, JP-A-6-73434, JP-A-7-292411) and the like have been known, and many proposals have been found so far.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, when slag for refractory protection is formed to protect the refractory during vacuum degassing treatment or when a refractory protectant is introduced, it may cause a temperature drop of the molten metal (molten steel). Steel that requires high quality because heat energy is required to compensate for the temperature, and costs are inevitably increased, and when refractories are protected by slag formation, slag may be caught in the molten metal. The problem remains where it is difficult to apply in the manufacture of
[0006]
On the other hand, when melting and removing the metal attached to the refractory using a burner or the like, the surface layer of the refractory is exposed to O 2 gas or a combustion gas mixture. However, the current situation is that deterioration tends to be promoted, and the life of the refractory is adversely affected.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to propose an operation method in a vacuum smelting vessel that can significantly extend the useful life of the refractory in the vacuum smelting vessel while preventing oxidation and deterioration.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Operating method according to the onset Ming, carrying out the degassing treatment of the molten metal sucked up the molten steel in the ladle to a vacuum refining vessel using a RH degassing equipment, vacuum throughout the entire treatment period of the degassing process Characterized in that the degassing treatment of the molten metal is performed while maintaining a state in which a metal layer having a thickness of 5 to 500 mm is adhered to at least the inner wall surface of the smelting vessel from the molten metal surface to the lower end of the exhaust port. Have
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In vacuum refining, the difference (level difference) between the molten metal level in a container such as a ladle that holds molten metal and the molten metal level in the vacuum chamber is calculated by the specific pressure between the atmospheric pressure, the internal pressure in the vacuum chamber, and the molten metal. Assuming that the degree of vacuum is 0.1 Torr and the specific gravity of the molten metal (molten steel) is 7.0 g / cm 3 , the surface difference is about 1400 mm. The molten metal does not come into direct contact with the inner wall of the container, and the metal is attached during the processing of the molten metal. In the present invention, control is performed so that the ingot is positively attached to the inner wall portion of the container that is not in direct contact with the molten metal in vacuum refining, and the atmospheric gas that causes the surface layer portion of the refractory to oxidize or deteriorate, Adhesive metal layer is used as a protective layer to prevent exposure to exhaust gas generated during vacuum processing.
[0012]
FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the amount of metal in the smelting vessel and the refractory wear index. In the upper part of the container where the molten metal does not come into direct contact, it is clear that the wear of the refractory is significantly reduced by increasing the amount of adhesion of the metal.
[0013]
In the present invention, the adhesion region of the bare metal layer is at least the region from the molten metal surface to the lower end of the exhaust port in the vacuum refining vessel, because this region is particularly susceptible to damage to the refractory. Because it is an area.
[0014]
The thickness of the bullion layer is kept in the range of 5 to 500 mm because, if the thickness of the bullion layer is thinner than this, it will serve as a protective layer that protects the refractory. On the other hand, even if the thickness of the bare metal layer is larger than the above value, no significant improvement effect is observed. In addition, when the thickness of the bullion is 500 mm or more, it was observed that the added alloy material was caught on the rugged surface of the bullion and the addition yield of the alloy material was lowered, or the exhaust capacity was lowered due to the grown bullion. The upper limit is 500 mm.
[0015]
The control of the thickness of the bare metal layer can be realized by applying a method using a burner, a method of blowing oxygen gas and dissolving it, etc., and keeping the thickness of the bare metal layer within the above range, It is not limited only to these methods. Also, as a method of attaching the metal, when refining ultra-low carbon steel, exhaust it to a high vacuum at the time of decarburization, and attach metal dust generated by so-called bubble burst (bubble burst). A method of growing, a method of increasing the gas flow rate of the top blowing lance to scatter splash from the surface of the steel bath in the tank and attaching it, or a method of increasing the amount of reflux gas can be applied. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and various other methods can be applied.
[0016]
The bullion layer adhering to the refractory lining the smelting vessel during vacuum smelting is removed because it elutes during the next (next charge) treatment, adversely affects the components of the molten metal and causes deterioration in quality. Usually, in the present invention, a metal layer is positively formed above the molten metal surface sucked into the container, so that the components and quality of the molten metal are not adversely affected. In addition, when a metal layer is formed, a heat retaining effect of the refractory can be expected, and there is an advantage that the combustion gas for heat retaining and the utility for that purpose can be reduced.
[0017]
Moreover, not only the spalling due to the heat change of the refractory is greatly reduced by the heat retaining effect of the metal layer, but the replenishment frequency can be extremely reduced because the wear of the refractory is small.
[0018]
FIG. 2 shows the heat retention effect of the refractory by the adhered metal layer, but it is clear that the heat retention effect of the refractory tends to be remarkably improved by the formation of the metal layer.
[0019]
In FIG. 2 above, since there is no restriction on the thickness of the metal layer, the adhesion part is likely to become a pressure loss part as the adhesion of the metal is promoted. This can be easily avoided by setting the upper limit of the layer thickness to 500 mm.
[0020]
【Example】
Conducted operations in accordance with the present invention at a steelmaking plant capable of carrying out RH degassing of 500 ch per month at 280 ton / ch (molten steel) (using the same RH tank, 30% ultra-low carbon steel grade, low carbon steel grade) For the durability of the refractory lining the processing vessel when 30%, 20% for medium carbon steel, and 20% for high carbon steel are processed in this order) 30%, low carbon steel type: 25%, medium carbon steel type 25%, and high carbon steel type: 20%).
[0021]
Example of conforming to operating conditions (operation according to the present invention)
Extremely low carbon steel:
Before treatment [C] = 0.04 to 0.06 wt% of molten steel is decarburized by oxygen blowing from the top blowing lance for 3 to 5 minutes, then oxygen blowing is stopped and rimmed decarburization by vacuum treatment Further, deoxidation, alloy material addition and killing treatment were performed for 5 to 15 minutes, and finally [C] = 0.005 to 0.0030 wt% of ultra-low carbon steel was melted. Total processing time was 15-30 minutes.
Low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel:
In each case, the molten steel deoxidized at the time of steel conversion from the converter was subjected to a killing treatment for 7 to 20 minutes, and final component adjustment and a floating separation treatment of the deoxidized product were performed.
Control the thickness of the bullion layer:
The following process for increasing the metal thickness and the process for reducing the metal thickness were repeated as appropriate to control the metal thickness. The upper limit of the thickness of the bullion is set in advance in the image of the television camera for observation inside the tank by marking in a position corresponding to the upper limit thickness of the bullion in a cold state. Control compared. Also, if the metal thickness is less than 5 mm, the brightness of the inner wall of the tank will be low. Therefore, during the process of reducing the metal thickness, make sure that the brightness of the inner wall of the tank is not extremely reduced in the image of the TV camera. The thickness of the bullion above the lower limit was secured.
Increase in metal thickness (metal adhesion) ----- Increased the amount of splash from the molten steel surface by increasing the amount of reflux gas blown into the riser to about 1.5 times the normal amount.
Reduction of metal thickness (removal of metal) ---- Oxygen gas is ejected from the attachment using an upper blow lance with an attachment that allows oxygen gas to be ejected laterally into the tank. It was dissolved and removed by blowing oxygen gas onto the metal.
[0022]
Comparative example (operation according to the conventional method)
Very low carbon steel, low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel:
Except for the control of the thickness of the bare metal layer, the same operation as in the above-described conforming example was performed. For the bullion attached to the tank, the oxygen gas blown from the attachment is blown onto the bullion using an upper blowing lance having an attachment capable of jetting oxygen gas laterally into the tank after almost every charge. To dissolve and remove.
[0023]
When operated in accordance with the present invention, no refractory wear was observed at the top of the container (RH tank), whereas in the comparative example, refractory wear was advanced and the refractory thickness before use was increased. 70% of this was worn out.
[0024]
Comparing the container operated in the conforming example with the container operated in the comparative example, although there are some differences in the operation ratio of low carbon steel, medium carbon steel and high carbon steel without decarburization, the upper part in the container The treatment ratio of ultra-low carbon steel, which affects the rate of refractory melting, is the same, so the difference in refractory wear was thought to be due to the protective effect of the refractory by the metal layer.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since the metal layer is positively formed in an area of the vacuum smelting vessel that is not in direct contact with the molten metal, oxidation and deterioration of the refractory due to atmospheric gas or exhaust gas during vacuum processing are avoided. It has become possible to significantly extend the life of the container.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the wear index of a refractory and the amount of metal adhesion.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of examining the heat-retaining effect of a refractory due to adhesion of a base metal, and showing the relationship between the amount of refractory temperature drop and the standing time after operation.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP08585099A JP4075200B2 (en) | 1999-03-29 | 1999-03-29 | Operation method in vacuum refining vessel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP08585099A JP4075200B2 (en) | 1999-03-29 | 1999-03-29 | Operation method in vacuum refining vessel |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000282133A JP2000282133A (en) | 2000-10-10 |
| JP4075200B2 true JP4075200B2 (en) | 2008-04-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP08585099A Expired - Fee Related JP4075200B2 (en) | 1999-03-29 | 1999-03-29 | Operation method in vacuum refining vessel |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4075200B2 (en) |
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| JP2000282133A (en) | 2000-10-10 |
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