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JP4077618B2 - Method for producing positive electrode current collector - Google Patents
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JP4077618B2 - Method for producing positive electrode current collector - Google Patents

Method for producing positive electrode current collector Download PDF

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JP4077618B2
JP4077618B2 JP2001287606A JP2001287606A JP4077618B2 JP 4077618 B2 JP4077618 B2 JP 4077618B2 JP 2001287606 A JP2001287606 A JP 2001287606A JP 2001287606 A JP2001287606 A JP 2001287606A JP 4077618 B2 JP4077618 B2 JP 4077618B2
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Prior art keywords
positive electrode
current collector
glass fiber
high resistance
resistance layer
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JP2003100303A (en
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道孝 日高
正好 安井
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NGK Insulators Ltd
Tokyo Electric Power Co Holdings Inc
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NGK Insulators Ltd
Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えばナトリウム−硫黄電池等に好適に用いられる正極集電体の製造方法に関し、詳しくは高抵抗層の構造を精密に制御することができる正極集電体の製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ナトリウム−硫黄電池(以下、「NAS電池」という。)は、300〜350℃の高温で作動させる密閉型高温二次電池であって、負極活物質であるナトリウムと正極活物質である硫黄とを、ナトリウムイオンを選択的に透過させる機能を有する固体電解質(例えばβ−アルミナ、β"−アルミナ等)により隔離収納した構造を有するものである。
【0003】
例えば図1に示すNAS電池1は、中空円筒状の正極容器9の内部に有底円筒状の固体電解質管13を配置し、固体電解質管13内部に負極活物質のナトリウム2を、外部には正極活物質の硫黄4を隔離収納したものである。固体電解質管13は、α−アルミナ等からなる絶縁体リング3、円筒状金具5を介して正極容器9に接合され、正極側と負極側とが電気的に絶縁されるように構成されている。
【0004】
NAS電池1は、放電時には負極活物質のナトリウム2が外部回路に電子を放出してナトリウムイオンとなり、固体電解質管13内を透過して正極側に移動し、正極活物質の硫黄4及び外部回路から供給される電子と反応して多硫化ソーダを生成することによって、2V程度の電圧を発生させる。
【0005】
一方、充電時には外部回路から電圧を印加することによって、多硫化ソーダが外部回路に電子を放出して硫黄とナトリウムイオンを生成し、固体電解質管13内を透過して負極側に移動したナトリウムイオンを、外部回路から供給する電子と反応させて電気的に中性化することにより、電気エネルギーを化学エネルギーに変換する。
【0006】
NAS電池の正極活物質である硫黄4は絶縁物であるため、正極と負極との間の導通を確保し、電池の内部抵抗を低減することを目的として、正極集電体11を配設することが一般的である。正極集電体11は、導電性を有する炭素繊維又はグラファイト繊維からなるフェルト材で構成された部材であり、正極活物質の硫黄4を含浸させ、正極容器9内周面と固体電解質管13外周面の双方に当接するように配置することにより、正極と負極との間の導通が確保され、電池の内部抵抗も低減される。
【0007】
更に、NAS電池1は、正極集電体11の固体電解質管13と当接する表面側に、絶縁性物質であるガラス繊維をニードルパンチにより打ち込んで形成された高抵抗層を有している。高抵抗層は、固体電解質管13と正極集電体11との接触面近傍の導電性を低下させるため、充電時に固体電解質管13と正極集電体11との接触面近傍のみで電子の授受反応が行われることを回避できる。従って、当該部分に絶縁物である硫黄が析出し、充電反応の進行とともに電池の内部抵抗が上昇することに起因する充電回復性の低下(多硫化ソーダが残存しているにも拘わらず充電反応が進行せず、充電が完結しない現象)を防止することが可能である。
【0008】
一般的に、正極集電体は以下の方法により作製することができる。まず、炭素繊維又はグラファイト繊維からなるフェルト状の基材(以下、単に「基材」という。)の一方の表面に、ガラス繊維からなる布状体若しくは綿状体(以下、「ガラス繊維マット」という。)を重ね、ガラス繊維マットをニードルパンチにより基材に打ち込むことにより高抵抗層を形成する。次いで、所定の長さ、幅に裁断して正極集電体を得ることができる。なお、得られた正極集電体には硫黄を含浸して、NAS電池用部品として利用する。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、高抵抗層の形成方法によっては、当該正極集電体を配設したNAS電池の内部抵抗が上昇し、放電時におけるナトリウムイオンの正極側への移動が妨げられる場合が生じていた。このような不具合は、高抵抗層の構造が精密に制御されていないことに起因するものである。
【0010】
また、高抵抗層の構造が精密に制御されていない場合においては、正極集電体毎に抵抗が異なっていることも想定される。即ち、抵抗が異なる複数の正極集電体を用いてNAS電池を作製し、得られた複数個のNAS電池を用いて集合電池とした場合においては、抵抗の低い正極集電体を備えた電池に電流が集中し易くなるために、集合電池全体の電池容量が有効活用できなくなるという問題がある。
【0011】
このような問題を解消するための1つの方法として、高抵抗層の抵抗を測定しつつ、これを形成する方法が考えられる。しかしながら、高抵抗層の抵抗は、所定のサイズに裁断した後でなければ測定することが困難であるため、工業的生産過程においては実用的ではないという問題があった。また、基材及びガラス繊維マットは、その厚みや、各々を構成する繊維の繊維径等に不可避的なバラツキを有することが一般的であり、このことも均一な高抵抗層を有する正極集電体の安定供給を困難にしている。
【0012】
本発明は、このような従来技術の有する問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、同一の集合電池を構成するNAS電池に用いられる正極集電体毎の高抵抗層の抵抗にバラツキを少なく、均一な高抵抗層を形成することができる正極集電体の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明によれば、炭素繊維又はグラファイト繊維からなるフェルト状の基材を用意し、該基材の一方の表面に、ガラス繊維からなる布状体若しくは綿状体を積み重ね、該布状体若しくは該綿状体をニードルパンチにより基材に打ち込むことにより高抵抗層を形成する正極集電体の製造方法であって、該基材の上に積み重ねた該布状体若しくは該綿状体の表面の全反射光強度相対値を100としたとき、該高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値が25〜43となるようにニードルパンチを行うことを特徴とする正極集電体の製造方法が提供される。
【0014】
本発明においては、厚さが14〜18mm、目付重量が1.6〜2.0kg/m2、炭素繊維又はグラファイト繊維の基材の厚さ方向の繊維配列度が35〜75%である基材と、厚さが2〜3mm、目付重量が0.18〜0.24kg/m2、及び、ガラス繊維径が3〜12μmであるガラス繊維からなる布状体若しくは綿状体を用いることが好ましく、ガラス繊維重量に対し0.5〜3.0質量%のバインダーを繊維表面に付着せしめたガラス繊維からなる布状体若しくは綿状体を用いるとともに、布状体若しくは綿状体を基材に打ち込んだ後、空気中、300〜600℃の条件でバインダーを脱脂することが好ましい。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明するが、本発明は以下の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、当業者の通常の知識に基づいて、適宜、設計の変更、改良等が加えられることが理解されるべきである。
【0016】
本発明の正極集電体の製造方法は、高抵抗層を形成するに際し、ニードルパンチにより形成される高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値を測定し、この値を所定の範囲に規定するものであり、抵抗にバラツキがなく、均一な高抵抗層を有する正極集電体を製造することが可能となる。以下、本発明の詳細について説明する。
【0017】
本発明の製造方法により製造される正極集電体は、絶縁性に優れることに加えて、多硫化ソーダとの親和性が高いガラス繊維を高抵抗層の材料とし、当該ガラス繊維を、高い導電性を有し、正極活物質の硫黄に対する耐食性に優れる炭素繊維又はグラファイト繊維をフェルト状とした基材の一方の表面側からニードルパンチにより打ち込んで高抵抗層を形成したものである。
【0018】
ニードルパンチにおいて、ガラス繊維マットを積み重ねた基材に針ボードを継続的に打ち込むと、基材表面のガラス繊維が基材内に打ち込まれて徐々に減少し、基材内部と基材表面の双方にガラス繊維からなる高抵抗層が形成される。更に打ち込みを継続すると最終的には基材を構成する炭素繊維等の一部が表面に露出するようになる。
【0019】
このように高抵抗層を形成した集電体は、基材の一方の表面が高抵抗層で被覆され、当該部分の電気抵抗が高いため、充電時に固体電解質管と集電体との接触面近傍のみに絶縁物である硫黄が析出して絶縁層が形成されることを防止できる。従って、充電反応の進行とともに電池の内部抵抗が上昇することがなく、充電回復性が高い点において好ましいものである。
【0020】
また、上記集電体は、ガラス繊維をニードルパンチにより打ち込んで高抵抗層を形成しているため、ガラス繊維が基材の厚み方向に配向している。多硫化ソーダに対する濡れ性に優れるガラス繊維が基材の厚み方向に配向していると、当該ガラス繊維に沿って多硫化ソーダが移動するため、集電体における多硫化ソーダの移動が促進される。従って、電池が大型化し集電体の厚みが増加した場合でも、円滑な充電が可能となり、充電回復率が高められるという効果がある。
【0021】
上記の正極集電体は、表面被覆率を20〜85%としたものが好ましいことが判明している。表面被覆率を20%以上とすることにより、固体電解質管と集電体との接触面近傍の導電性を確実に低下させることができ、充電回復性を向上させることが可能である一方、表面被覆率を85%以下とすることにより電池の内部抵抗が一定値以下に抑制されるため、放電時におけるナトリウムイオンの正極側への移動を円滑に行うことが可能となるからである。
【0022】
なお、「表面被覆率」は以下に示す方法により測定した値をいうものとする。まず、ニードルパンチで基材にガラス繊維を打ち込んだ正極集電体(試料A)と、これと同一のパンチ条件でニードルパンチのみ行った基材(試料B)を縦300mm×横80mmの大きさに切り出す。次いで、各試料を表裏両面から縦350mm×横100mmの平板状電極で厚さ10mmまで圧縮した状態で4端子法により抵抗値を測定し、試料Aの抵抗値Raと試料Bの抵抗値Rbから、下記式(1)により算出する。
【0023】
【数1】
表面被覆率(%)=100×(1−Rb/Ra) …(1)
【0024】
本発明の正極集電体の製造方法は、基材の一方の表面にガラス繊維マットを積み重ね、当該ガラス繊維マットをニードルパンチにより基材に打ち込むことにより高抵抗層を形成する正極集電体の製造方法であり、基材の上に積み重ねたガラス繊維マットの表面の全反射光強度相対値を100としたとき、形成される高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値が25〜43となるようにニードルパンチを行う。形成される高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値と、比抵抗値(Ω・cm)との間には相関性があるため、形成される高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値を指標として高抵抗層の形成度合いを判断する。即ち、直接比抵抗を測定することがないために、高抵抗層が形成された基材を所定のサイズに裁断する必要性がない。
【0025】
従って、例えばニードルパンチ機等の機械を導入した工業的生産過程に好適に採用され、製品毎の高抵抗層の抵抗にバラツキが少なく、均一な高抵抗層を有する正極集電体を安定に供給することが可能である。また、用いる基材、ガラス繊維マットの厚みや繊維径等に、多少の不可避的なバラツキを有する場合であっても、均一な高抵抗層を有する正極集電体を作製することが可能である。なお、形成される高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値と比抵抗との相関性については後述する。
【0026】
なお、高抵抗層の表面の「全反射光強度相対値」は以下に示す方法により測定するものとする。即ち、光束(高周波蛍光灯等)を高抵抗層の表面に照射し、反射光をCCDカメラに受け、反射光の相対強度を電気的エネルギーに変換することにより測定する。
【0027】
高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値を24未満、若しくは、43超とした場合には、高抵抗層の抵抗値が適正な範囲とならないために好ましくない。なお、実質的な使用状況等に鑑みた高抵抗層の比抵抗値と、表面被覆率の適正な範囲として、比抵抗値は0.45mΩ・cm〜1.5mΩ・cm、表面被覆率は15〜75%であることが好ましい。
【0028】
なお、より均一な抵抗値である高抵抗層を有する正極集電体を安定に供給するといった観点からは、高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値が25〜43となるようにニードルパンチを行うことが更に好ましく、27〜38となるようにニードルパンチを行うことが特に好ましい。
【0029】
本発明においては、厚さが14〜18mm、目付重量が1.6〜2.0kg/m2、及び、炭素繊維又はグラファイト繊維の繊維配列度が35〜75%である基材と、厚さが2〜3mm、目付重量が0.18〜0.24kg/m2、及び、繊維径が3〜12μmであるガラス繊維マットを用いることが、高抵抗層の構造を精密に制御できることから、安定した性能を発揮する電池を定常的に生産することができるために好ましい。
【0030】
なお、本発明にいう「繊維配列度」とは、以下のように求める。炭素繊維又はグラファイト繊維フェルト(基材)サンプルのX線回折ピーク角度(2θ=26°付近)におけるZ−X面及びZ−Y面で試料を360°回転させる。このとき得られるX線回折強度変化より配向ピークを得る。なお、サンプルの厚さ方向をZ、幅方向をX、長さ方向をYとする。
結晶子が繊維軸方向に高配向していることを利用し、これらの配向ピーク面積を測定して下記式(2)により繊維配列度を算出する。
【0031】
【数2】

Figure 0004077618
【0032】
また、本発明においては、ガラス繊維質量に対し0.5〜3.0質量%のバインダーを繊維表面に付着せしめたガラス繊維マットを用いるとともに、当該ガラス繊維マットを基材に打ち込んだ後、空気中、300〜600℃の条件でバインダーを脱脂することが好ましい。即ち、バインダー量を適正な範囲に規定することにより、ニードルパンチの際にガラス繊維が破断することなく基材内部に打ち込まれ、表面被覆率が精密に制御された正極集電体を得ることができる。このことにより、表面被覆率を20%以上に制御することが可能となる。
【0033】
バインダー量を0.5質量%未満とした場合には、ニードルパンチの際にガラス繊維が破損してしまい、基材にガラス繊維が打ち込めずかつ一体化できないため、表面被覆率を20%以上に制御することができなくなるからである。一方、バインダー量を3質量%超とした場合には、脱脂工程でバインダーの熱分解が不完全になる恐れがあるためである。
なお、本発明にいう「バインダー」とは、ガラス繊維の破損を防止するためにガラス繊維の表面に付着せしめる物質を意味し、例えばコーンスターチ、澱粉類、ステアリン酸等の滑剤が挙げられる。
【0034】
上述のように集電体における高抵抗層が所定の表面被覆率を達成するためには、ガラス繊維表面に所定量のバインダーが付着していることが必須の要件である。但し、ガラス繊維を基材に打ち込んだ後にはバインダーを脱脂する必要がある点に留意しなければならない。
【0035】
本発明の製造方法により製造された正極集電体は、図1に示すような中空円筒状の正極容器9の内部に有底円筒状の固体電解質管13が配置され、固体電解質管13内部に負極活物質のナトリウム2、外部に正極活物質の硫黄4が隔離収納された構造を有するNAS電池1において、高抵抗層を有する面が固体電解質管13の外周面に当接するように配置することにより、充電回復性に優れ、内部抵抗が低いNAS電池を構成することが可能となる。
【0036】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の具体的な実施結果を説明する。但し、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、目付重量とは、シート状材料(基材、ガラス繊維マット等)の単位面積当たりの質量(g/m2)を示すものであり、シート状材料の全質量をその面積で除することにより算出することが可能である。
【0037】
(基材)
基材として、直径数μm〜10数μmの炭素繊維からなり(幅150cm、長さ50m、厚さ20mm)、目付重量1700g/m2、及び繊維配列度45%のフェルト材を使用した。基材の厚さは、厚板直径30mm、負荷加重200gのダイヤル式シックネスゲージを用い、基材の幅方向、長手方向の数点について測定した厚さの平均値を使用した。
【0038】
(ガラス繊維マット)
高抵抗層の材料であるガラス繊維マットとして、直径10μmのガラス繊維からなる、厚さが3mmの不織布を、基材と同一の幅及び長さに切断したものを使用した。
ガラス原料を高温で溶融して繊維状に引き抜いてガラス繊維とする際にバインダー希釈溶液を噴霧し、次いで、当該ガラス繊維を交差するように積層し、目付重量が0.18〜0.24kg/m2の布状若しくは綿状の不織布を得た。なお、バインダー希釈溶液には、コーンスターチ等の溶液を使用した。また、付着させるバインダー量はバインダー希釈溶液の噴霧量によって制御し、ガラス繊維質量に対し2質量%のバインダーをガラス繊維表面に付着させた。
【0039】
(高抵抗層の形成)
高抵抗層の形成は、ニードルパンチ機を使用して、ガラス繊維マットを基材に積み重ね、定法に従ってガラス繊維マット側からニードルパンチすることにより行った。
得られた高抵抗層を有する基材を縦300mm×横80mmのサイズに裁断し、得られた切断片について、高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値と比抵抗を測定した。抵抗(mΩ・cm)に対して、形成された高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値をプロットしたグラフを図2に示す。
【0040】
図2に示すように、高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値と比抵抗は相関関係を有することが明らかである。従って、高抵抗層の比抵抗の代替特性として、表面全反射光強度相対値を用いることが可能であると判明した。
【0041】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の正極集電体の製造方法によれば、ガラス繊維が打ち込まれて形成された高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値と、高抵抗層の比抵抗との相関性を生かし、当該全反射光強度相対値が所定の数値範囲内となるようにニードルパンチを行うため、正極集電体毎の高抵抗層の抵抗にバラツキが少なく、均一な高抵抗層を有する正極集電体を形成することが可能であり、工業的生産工程に好適に採用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 ナトリウム−硫黄電池の一般的態様を示す概略断面図である。
【図2】 高抵抗層の比抵抗(mΩ・cm)に対して、形成された高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値をプロットしたグラフである。
【符号の説明】
1…NAS電池、2…ナトリウム、3…絶縁体リング、4…硫黄、5…円筒状金具、7…陰極金具、9…正極容器、10…くびれ部、11…正極集電体、13…固体電解質管。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a positive electrode current collector suitably used for, for example, a sodium-sulfur battery, and more particularly to a method for producing a positive electrode current collector capable of precisely controlling the structure of a high resistance layer. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
A sodium-sulfur battery (hereinafter referred to as “NAS battery”) is a sealed high-temperature secondary battery that operates at a high temperature of 300 to 350 ° C., and includes sodium as a negative electrode active material and sulfur as a positive electrode active material. In addition, it has a structure in which it is isolated and stored by a solid electrolyte (for example, β-alumina, β ″ -alumina, etc.) having a function of selectively transmitting sodium ions.
[0003]
For example, in the NAS battery 1 shown in FIG. 1, a bottomed cylindrical solid electrolyte tube 13 is arranged inside a hollow cylindrical positive electrode vessel 9, and the negative electrode active material sodium 2 is placed inside the solid electrolyte tube 13. The positive electrode active material sulfur 4 is isolated and stored. The solid electrolyte tube 13 is joined to the positive electrode container 9 via an insulator ring 3 made of α-alumina or the like and a cylindrical metal fitting 5 so that the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side are electrically insulated. .
[0004]
In the NAS battery 1, during discharge, the sodium 2 of the negative electrode active material emits electrons to the external circuit to become sodium ions, permeates through the solid electrolyte tube 13 and moves to the positive electrode side, sulfur 4 of the positive electrode active material and the external circuit A voltage of about 2 V is generated by generating sodium polysulfide by reacting with the electrons supplied from the base.
[0005]
On the other hand, by applying voltage from the external circuit during charging, sodium polysulfide emits electrons to the external circuit to generate sulfur and sodium ions, which are transmitted through the solid electrolyte tube 13 and moved to the negative electrode side. Is converted into chemical energy by reacting with electrons supplied from an external circuit and neutralizing them electrically.
[0006]
Since the sulfur 4 which is the positive electrode active material of the NAS battery is an insulator, the positive electrode current collector 11 is disposed for the purpose of ensuring conduction between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and reducing the internal resistance of the battery. It is common. The positive electrode current collector 11 is a member made of a felt material made of conductive carbon fiber or graphite fiber, impregnated with sulfur 4 of the positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode container 9 inner peripheral surface and the solid electrolyte tube 13 outer periphery By arranging to contact both surfaces, electrical connection between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is ensured, and the internal resistance of the battery is also reduced.
[0007]
Furthermore, the NAS battery 1 has a high resistance layer formed by driving glass fiber, which is an insulating material, by needle punching on the surface side of the positive electrode current collector 11 that contacts the solid electrolyte tube 13. Since the high resistance layer lowers the conductivity in the vicinity of the contact surface between the solid electrolyte tube 13 and the positive electrode current collector 11, electrons are exchanged only in the vicinity of the contact surface between the solid electrolyte tube 13 and the positive electrode current collector 11 during charging. The reaction can be avoided. Therefore, sulfur, which is an insulator, is deposited on the portion, and the charge recovery is reduced due to the internal resistance of the battery increasing with the progress of the charging reaction (charging reaction despite the presence of sodium polysulfide remaining). Is not progressed and charging is not completed).
[0008]
Generally, the positive electrode current collector can be produced by the following method. First, on one surface of a felt-like base material made of carbon fiber or graphite fiber (hereinafter simply referred to as “base material”), a cloth-like body or cotton-like body made of glass fiber (hereinafter “glass fiber mat”). And a high resistance layer is formed by driving a glass fiber mat onto the substrate by needle punching. Next, a positive electrode current collector can be obtained by cutting into a predetermined length and width. The obtained positive electrode current collector is impregnated with sulfur and used as a NAS battery component.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, depending on the method of forming the high resistance layer, the internal resistance of the NAS battery in which the positive electrode current collector is disposed is increased, and movement of sodium ions to the positive electrode side during discharge may be prevented. Such a defect is caused by the fact that the structure of the high resistance layer is not precisely controlled.
[0010]
Further, when the structure of the high resistance layer is not precisely controlled, it is assumed that the resistance is different for each positive electrode current collector. That is, when a NAS battery is manufactured using a plurality of positive electrode current collectors having different resistances, and a plurality of NAS batteries obtained are used as an assembled battery, a battery including a positive electrode current collector having a low resistance. Therefore, there is a problem that the battery capacity of the entire assembled battery cannot be effectively used.
[0011]
As one method for solving such a problem, a method of forming the high resistance layer while measuring the resistance can be considered. However, since it is difficult to measure the resistance of the high resistance layer unless it is cut into a predetermined size, there is a problem that it is not practical in the industrial production process. Further, the base material and the glass fiber mat generally have inevitable variations in the thickness, the fiber diameter of the fibers constituting each, and the like, and this is also a positive current collector having a uniform high resistance layer. It makes it difficult to supply a stable body.
[0012]
The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a high resistance layer for each positive electrode current collector used in NAS batteries constituting the same assembled battery. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing a positive electrode current collector that can form a uniform high resistance layer with less variation in resistance.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, according to the present invention, a felt-like base material made of carbon fiber or graphite fiber is prepared, and a cloth-like body or cotton-like body made of glass fiber is stacked on one surface of the base material. Body or a cotton-like body, and a method for producing a positive current collector by forming a high resistance layer by driving the body into the base material by needle punching, the cloth-like body or the cotton-like body stacked on the base material A positive electrode current collector characterized by performing needle punching so that the total reflected light intensity relative value of the surface of the high resistance layer is 25 to 43 when the total reflected light intensity relative value of the surface of the high resistance layer is 100 A manufacturing method is provided.
[0014]
In the present invention, a base having a thickness of 14 to 18 mm, a weight per unit area of 1.6 to 2.0 kg / m 2 , and a degree of fiber alignment in the thickness direction of the carbon fiber or graphite fiber substrate is 35 to 75%. It is preferable to use a cloth or a cotton-like material made of a glass fiber having a thickness of 2 to 3 mm, a weight per unit area of 0.18 to 0.24 kg / m 2 , and a glass fiber diameter of 3 to 12 μm. Preferably, a cloth-like body or cotton-like body made of glass fiber in which a binder of 0.5 to 3.0% by mass with respect to the glass fiber weight is attached to the fiber surface is used, and the cloth-like body or cotton-like body is used as a base material. It is preferable that the binder is degreased in air at 300 to 600 ° C.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and may be appropriately selected based on ordinary knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that design changes, improvements, etc. may be made.
[0016]
In the method for producing a positive electrode current collector of the present invention, when the high resistance layer is formed, the relative total reflected light intensity value on the surface of the high resistance layer formed by needle punching is measured, and this value is defined within a predetermined range. Thus, there is no variation in resistance, and a positive electrode current collector having a uniform high resistance layer can be manufactured. Details of the present invention will be described below.
[0017]
The positive electrode current collector produced by the production method of the present invention is made of glass fiber having high affinity with sodium polysulfide in addition to being excellent in insulation, and the glass fiber is made highly conductive. The high resistance layer is formed by punching from one surface side of a base material in which a carbon fiber or graphite fiber, which is excellent in corrosion resistance against sulfur of the positive electrode active material, is made into a felt shape.
[0018]
In needle punching, when a needle board is continuously driven into a substrate on which glass fiber mats are stacked, the glass fiber on the substrate surface is driven into the substrate and gradually decreases, both inside the substrate and on the substrate surface. A high resistance layer made of glass fiber is formed. When the driving is further continued, a part of the carbon fiber or the like constituting the base material is finally exposed on the surface.
[0019]
In the current collector in which the high resistance layer is formed in this way, one surface of the base material is covered with the high resistance layer, and the electric resistance of the portion is high, so that the contact surface between the solid electrolyte tube and the current collector during charging It is possible to prevent sulfur, which is an insulator, from depositing only in the vicinity and forming an insulating layer. Therefore, the internal resistance of the battery does not increase with the progress of the charging reaction, which is preferable in terms of high charge recovery.
[0020]
Moreover, since the said electrical power collector shoots glass fiber with a needle punch and forms the high resistance layer, glass fiber is orientating in the thickness direction of a base material. When the glass fiber excellent in wettability with respect to sodium polysulfide is oriented in the thickness direction of the base material, the sodium polysulfide moves along the glass fiber, so that the movement of sodium polysulfide in the current collector is promoted. . Therefore, even when the battery is increased in size and the thickness of the current collector is increased, the battery can be smoothly charged, and the charge recovery rate can be increased.
[0021]
It has been found that the positive electrode current collector preferably has a surface coverage of 20 to 85%. By setting the surface coverage to 20% or more, the conductivity in the vicinity of the contact surface between the solid electrolyte tube and the current collector can be surely reduced, and the charge recovery can be improved. This is because by setting the coverage to 85% or less, the internal resistance of the battery is suppressed to a certain value or less, so that sodium ions can be smoothly moved to the positive electrode side during discharge.
[0022]
“Surface coverage” means a value measured by the following method. First, a positive electrode current collector (sample A) in which glass fibers are driven into a base material by a needle punch, and a base material (sample B) obtained by performing only needle punching under the same punching conditions are 300 mm long by 80 mm wide. Cut into Next, the resistance value was measured by a four-terminal method in a state where each sample was compressed to a thickness of 10 mm with a flat electrode of 350 mm in length and 100 mm in width from both sides, and from the resistance value Ra of sample A and the resistance value Rb of sample B Calculated by the following equation (1).
[0023]
[Expression 1]
Surface coverage (%) = 100 × (1-Rb / Ra) (1)
[0024]
The method for producing a positive electrode current collector of the present invention is a method of forming a high resistance layer by stacking glass fiber mats on one surface of a substrate and driving the glass fiber mats onto the substrate by needle punching. This is a manufacturing method, where the total reflected light intensity relative value of the surface of the glass fiber mat stacked on the substrate is 100, and the total reflected light intensity relative value of the surface of the formed high resistance layer is 25 to 43. Needle punch is performed so that it becomes. Since there is a correlation between the relative value of the total reflected light intensity on the surface of the formed high resistance layer and the specific resistance value (Ω · cm), the relative intensity of the total reflected light on the surface of the formed high resistance layer is relative. The degree of formation of the high resistance layer is determined using the value as an index. That is, since the specific resistance is not directly measured, there is no need to cut the base material on which the high resistance layer is formed into a predetermined size.
[0025]
Therefore, it is suitable for industrial production processes that have introduced a machine such as a needle punch machine, etc., and there is little variation in the resistance of the high resistance layer for each product, and a positive current collector having a uniform high resistance layer is stably supplied. Is possible. Moreover, even when the substrate used, the thickness of the fiberglass mat, the fiber diameter, etc. have some inevitable variations, it is possible to produce a positive electrode current collector having a uniform high resistance layer. . The correlation between the total reflected light intensity relative value on the surface of the formed high resistance layer and the specific resistance will be described later.
[0026]
The “relative value of total reflected light intensity” on the surface of the high resistance layer is measured by the following method. That is, the measurement is performed by irradiating the surface of the high resistance layer with a light beam (high-frequency fluorescent lamp or the like), receiving the reflected light with a CCD camera, and converting the relative intensity of the reflected light into electrical energy.
[0027]
When the total reflected light intensity relative value on the surface of the high resistance layer is less than 24 or more than 43, the resistance value of the high resistance layer is not in an appropriate range, which is not preferable. Note that the specific resistance value of the high resistance layer in consideration of the actual use situation and the like, and the appropriate range of the surface coverage, the specific resistance value is 0.45 mΩ · cm to 1.5 mΩ · cm, and the surface coverage is 15 It is preferable that it is -75%.
[0028]
From the viewpoint of stably supplying a positive electrode current collector having a high resistance layer having a more uniform resistance value, the needle punch is set so that the total reflected light intensity relative value on the surface of the high resistance layer is 25 to 43. Is more preferable, and needle punching is particularly preferable so as to be 27-38.
[0029]
In the present invention, a substrate having a thickness of 14 to 18 mm, a weight per unit area of 1.6 to 2.0 kg / m 2 , and a carbon fiber or graphite fiber arrangement degree of 35 to 75%, and a thickness Is stable because it is possible to precisely control the structure of the high resistance layer by using a glass fiber mat having a weight of 0.13 to 0.24 kg / m 2 and a fiber diameter of 3 to 12 μm. It is preferable because a battery that exhibits the performance can be produced steadily.
[0030]
The “fiber arrangement degree” referred to in the present invention is determined as follows. The sample is rotated 360 ° on the ZX plane and ZY plane at the X-ray diffraction peak angle (around 2θ = 26 °) of the carbon fiber or graphite fiber felt (base material) sample. An orientation peak is obtained from the X-ray diffraction intensity change obtained at this time. The thickness direction of the sample is Z, the width direction is X, and the length direction is Y.
Utilizing the fact that the crystallites are highly oriented in the fiber axis direction, these orientation peak areas are measured, and the fiber alignment degree is calculated by the following formula (2).
[0031]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0004077618
[0032]
Further, in the present invention, a glass fiber mat in which a binder of 0.5 to 3.0% by mass with respect to the glass fiber mass is adhered to the fiber surface is used, and after the glass fiber mat is driven into the substrate, air Of these, it is preferable to degrease the binder at 300 to 600 ° C. That is, by defining the binder amount within an appropriate range, it is possible to obtain a positive electrode current collector in which the glass fiber is driven into the substrate without breaking during needle punching and the surface coverage is precisely controlled. it can. As a result, the surface coverage can be controlled to 20% or more.
[0033]
When the amount of the binder is less than 0.5% by mass, the glass fiber breaks during needle punching, and the glass fiber cannot be driven into the substrate and cannot be integrated. It is because it becomes impossible to control. On the other hand, when the amount of the binder is more than 3% by mass, the thermal decomposition of the binder may be incomplete in the degreasing step.
The “binder” in the present invention means a substance that adheres to the surface of the glass fiber in order to prevent breakage of the glass fiber, and examples thereof include lubricants such as corn starch, starches, and stearic acid.
[0034]
As described above, in order for the high resistance layer in the current collector to achieve a predetermined surface coverage, it is an essential requirement that a predetermined amount of binder adheres to the glass fiber surface. However, it should be noted that it is necessary to degrease the binder after the glass fiber is driven into the substrate.
[0035]
A positive electrode current collector manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention has a bottomed cylindrical solid electrolyte tube 13 disposed inside a hollow cylindrical positive electrode container 9 as shown in FIG. In the NAS battery 1 having a structure in which the negative electrode active material sodium 2 and the positive electrode active material sulfur 4 are isolated and housed outside, the surface having the high resistance layer is disposed so as to contact the outer peripheral surface of the solid electrolyte tube 13. As a result, it is possible to configure a NAS battery that has excellent charge recovery and low internal resistance.
[0036]
【Example】
Hereinafter, specific implementation results of the present invention will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. The weight per unit area indicates the mass (g / m 2 ) per unit area of the sheet-like material (base material, glass fiber mat, etc.), and the total mass of the sheet-like material is divided by the area. It is possible to calculate by
[0037]
(Base material)
A felt material made of carbon fiber having a diameter of several μm to several tens of μm (width 150 cm, length 50 m, thickness 20 mm), weight per unit area 1700 g / m 2 , and fiber arrangement degree 45% was used as the substrate. As the thickness of the base material, an average value of thicknesses measured at several points in the width direction and the longitudinal direction of the base material using a dial-type thickness gauge having a thick plate diameter of 30 mm and a load weight of 200 g was used.
[0038]
(Glass fiber mat)
As a glass fiber mat which is a material of the high resistance layer, a nonwoven fabric made of glass fiber having a diameter of 10 μm and having a thickness of 3 mm, which was cut into the same width and length as the substrate, was used.
When the glass raw material is melted at a high temperature and drawn into a fiber shape to form a glass fiber, the binder diluted solution is sprayed, and then the glass fiber is laminated so as to cross, and the basis weight is 0.18 to 0.24 kg / A cloth-like or cotton-like non-woven fabric of m 2 was obtained. A solution such as corn starch was used as the binder diluted solution. Further, the amount of the binder to be adhered was controlled by the spray amount of the binder diluted solution, and 2% by mass of the binder was adhered to the glass fiber surface with respect to the glass fiber mass.
[0039]
(Formation of high resistance layer)
The high resistance layer was formed by stacking glass fiber mats on a substrate using a needle punch machine and needle punching from the glass fiber mat side according to a conventional method.
The obtained base material having a high resistance layer was cut into a size of 300 mm length × 80 mm width, and the total reflection light intensity relative value and specific resistance of the surface of the high resistance layer were measured for the obtained cut piece. FIG. 2 is a graph plotting the total reflected light intensity relative value of the surface of the formed high resistance layer against the resistance (mΩ · cm).
[0040]
As shown in FIG. 2, it is clear that the total reflected light intensity relative value on the surface of the high resistance layer and the specific resistance have a correlation. Therefore, it has been found that the surface total reflection light intensity relative value can be used as an alternative characteristic of the specific resistance of the high resistance layer.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the method for producing a positive electrode current collector of the present invention, the total reflected light intensity relative value of the surface of the high resistance layer formed by glass fiber implantation, the specific resistance of the high resistance layer, and Since the needle punching is performed so that the relative total reflected light intensity relative value is within a predetermined numerical value range, there is little variation in the resistance of the high resistance layer for each positive electrode current collector, and the uniform high resistance layer It is possible to form a positive electrode current collector having the above, and it can be suitably employed in an industrial production process.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a general embodiment of a sodium-sulfur battery.
FIG. 2 is a graph plotting a relative value of total reflected light intensity on the surface of a formed high resistance layer with respect to a specific resistance (mΩ · cm) of the high resistance layer.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... NAS battery, 2 ... Sodium, 3 ... Insulator ring, 4 ... Sulfur, 5 ... Cylindrical metal fitting, 7 ... Cathode metal fitting, 9 ... Positive electrode container, 10 ... Constriction part, 11 ... Positive electrode collector, 13 ... Solid Electrolyte tube.

Claims (3)

炭素繊維又はグラファイト繊維からなるフェルト状の基材を用意し、該基材の一方の表面に、ガラス繊維からなる布状体若しくは綿状体を積み重ね、該布状体若しくは該綿状体をニードルパンチにより基材に打ち込むことにより高抵抗層を形成する正極集電体の製造方法であって、
該基材の上に積み重ねた該布状体若しくは該綿状体の表面の全反射光強度相対値を100としたとき、
該高抵抗層の表面の全反射光強度相対値が25〜43となるようにニードルパンチを行うことを特徴とする正極集電体の製造方法。
A felt-like base material made of carbon fiber or graphite fiber is prepared, and a cloth-like body or cotton-like body made of glass fiber is stacked on one surface of the base material, and the cloth-like body or the cotton-like body is needled A method of manufacturing a positive electrode current collector that forms a high resistance layer by punching into a substrate by punching,
When the total reflected light intensity relative value of the surface of the cloth-like body or the cotton-like body stacked on the substrate is 100,
A method for producing a positive electrode current collector, wherein needle punching is performed so that the total reflected light intensity relative value on the surface of the high resistance layer is 25 to 43.
厚さが14〜18mm、目付重量が1.6〜2.0kg/m2、炭素繊維又はグラファイト繊維の基材の厚さ方向の繊維配列度が35〜75%である基材と、
厚さが2〜3mm、目付重量が0.18〜0.24kg/m2、及び、ガラス繊維径が3〜12μmであるガラス繊維からなる布状体若しくは綿状体を用いる請求項1に記載の正極集電体の製造方法。
A substrate having a thickness of 14 to 18 mm, a weight per unit area of 1.6 to 2.0 kg / m 2 , and a carbon fiber or graphite fiber substrate having a fiber orientation in the thickness direction of 35 to 75%;
The cloth-like body or cotton-like body made of glass fiber having a thickness of 2 to 3 mm, a weight per unit area of 0.18 to 0.24 kg / m 2 , and a glass fiber diameter of 3 to 12 µm is used. Manufacturing method of positive electrode current collector.
ガラス繊維重量に対し0.5〜3.0質量%のバインダーを繊維表面に付着せしめたガラス繊維からなる布状体若しくは綿状体を用いるとともに、
該布状体若しくは該綿状体を基材に打ち込んだ後、空気中、300〜600℃の条件でバインダーを脱脂する請求項1又は2に記載の正極集電体の製造方法。
While using a cloth-like body or cotton-like body made of glass fiber in which a binder of 0.5 to 3.0% by mass with respect to the glass fiber weight is adhered to the fiber surface,
The manufacturing method of the positive electrode electrical power collector of Claim 1 or 2 which degreases a binder on 300-600 degreeC conditions in the air after driving this cloth-like body or this cotton-like body into a base material.
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