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JP4078838B2 - Method for recovering valuable metals from used nickel metal hydride secondary batteries - Google Patents
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JP4078838B2 - Method for recovering valuable metals from used nickel metal hydride secondary batteries - Google Patents

Method for recovering valuable metals from used nickel metal hydride secondary batteries Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4078838B2
JP4078838B2 JP2002000990A JP2002000990A JP4078838B2 JP 4078838 B2 JP4078838 B2 JP 4078838B2 JP 2002000990 A JP2002000990 A JP 2002000990A JP 2002000990 A JP2002000990 A JP 2002000990A JP 4078838 B2 JP4078838 B2 JP 4078838B2
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nickel
solution
metal hydride
cobalt
rare earth
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JP2003203680A (en
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篤 福井
正樹 今村
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Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ニッケル水素二次電池のリサイクルにおいて、使用済みの廃棄されたニッケル水素二次電池から電極活物質中に含まれるニッケル等の有価金属を回収する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ニッケル水素二次電池は、多孔質ニッケル又は鉄にニッケルめっきしたパンチング板に活物質である水酸化ニッケルを充填した正極、水素吸蔵合金を充填した負極、ポリプロピレン等のセパレーターを有し、更にこれらは電解液と共に鋼製又はポリプロピレン製の容器に収納されている。
【0003】
このニッケル水素二次電池は、近年、ニッケル−カドミウム電池に代わる二次電池として電気自動車のバッテリーや携帯電話等に使用され、需要が急増している。ニッケル水素二次電池は、ニッケル−カドミウム電池よりも特性が優れ、有害なカドミウムを使用していないため廃棄した場合でも深刻な公害を発生させるには至らないが、ニッケルや水素吸蔵合金は貴重な資源であるため、これらの有価金属をリサイクルすることが極めて重要である。
【0004】
しかしながら、使用済みのニッケル水素二次電池から有価金属を回収するとしても、電化製品の小型化に伴って電池もコンパクト化が進んでいるため、有価金属を高純度に回収することは困難である。また、自動車用のバッテリーに使用されるニッケル水素二次電池は、車の衝突等でも壊れ難い構造となっているため、容易には分解できない。このような現状から、使用済みのニッケル水素二次電池から、有価金属を簡単且つ高純度に回収する方法の開発が望まれている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
一般的に、電池はその安全性から容易には分解できないため、またコストを抑えるうえからも、使用済み電池から有価金属を回収する際には、電池全体を破砕し、破砕物を物理的に分別することがプロセスの初工程となる。例えば、鉄とその他の物質は磁選により分離し、プラスチック類は比重分離により分離するほか、篩分けなど種々の物理分離によって容器や支持体の主成分である鉄やプラスチック類と電極活物質とが分離される。
【0006】
このようにして分離回収した電極活物質は、鉱酸に溶解した後、溶解液から化学処理法によって有価金属の分離回収が行われる。この化学処理法は、ニッケルを高純度に回収するために、溶解液に含まれる希土類元素やその他の元素を分離する方法である。例えば、電極活物質の硫酸溶解液に含まれるニッケルを再び正極活物質用の水酸化ニッケルとしての再利用するためには、本来正極材に含まれていない希土類元素等を溶解液から分離する必要がある。
【0007】
しかし、単純な中和処理では選択性がなく、全ての元素が沈殿してしまう。また、一般に用いられる蓚酸塩での希土類元素の除去法では、完全な除去ができないうえ、ニッケル及びコバルトの共沈が多くなり回収率が低かった。また、水酸化等による希土類元素の分離も完全ではない。更に、希土類元素を炭酸塩として除去する方法では、完全に希土類元素を除去しようとすると、ニッケルの共沈が避けられなかった。
【0008】
一方、溶解液中の希土類元素をキレート樹脂で吸着除去する方法では、低濃度からの除去は吸着容量が低いため、排出液の希土類元素濃度を1mg/l以下にできる通液量が少なく効率的ではなかった。また、その他の不純物として含まれる亜鉛の濃度が希土類元素濃度よりも高いため、吸着量が低下するという問題もあった。このように、希土類元素を完全に除去しようとした場合、ニッケルの共沈が多くなることや、その他の不純物が残留する問題があり、高純度なニッケル溶液を得ることは困難であった。
【0009】
本発明は、このような従来の事情に鑑み、使用済みのニッケル水素二次電池からニッケル等の有価金属を回収するに際し、分離した電極活物質を硫酸で溶解した溶解液からマンガン、鉄、コバルト、希土類元素等の不純物を簡単に除去し、高純度のニッケルを含む溶液を得る方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明が提供する使用済みのニッケル水素二次電池からの有価金属回収方法は、使用済みニッケル水素二次電池を破砕し、物理分離により回収した電極活物質を硫酸で溶解し、得られた溶解液からマンガンを酸化して沈殿除去し、鉄及び希土類元素を炭酸化により沈殿除去した後、コバルト及びその他の不純物を溶媒抽出により除去することを特徴とする。
【0011】
上記本発明の使用済みニッケル水素二次電池からの有価金属回収方法においては、前記コバルト及びその他の不純物を溶媒抽出する際に、リン酸系酸性抽出剤を使用することが好ましく、また溶解液のpHを3〜5.5の範囲に調整することが好ましい。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の使用済みニッケル水素二次電池からの有価金属回収方法では、まず、使用済みニッケル水素二次電池のスクラップを破砕し、物理分離により電極活物質を回収する。電極活物質の分離回収法については、特に限定されるものではないが、本発明者らが既に提案した特願2000−377009に記載の方法が好ましい。
【0013】
具体的には、まず使用済みニッケル水素二次電池を破砕し、その破砕物を水中で撹拌してスラリー状とする。この時セパレーター等のプラスチック類は浮遊しやすいため、これを利用してプラスチック類を分離できる。次に、水中に分散させた破砕物を篩い分けし、正極及び負極の支持体、容器及びプラスチック類を篩上に分離し、主に電極活物質を篩下として回収する。
【0014】
得られた篩下はニッケルを含む電極活物質であり、その全量を硫酸で溶解し、溶解液を得る。使用する酸としては、コスト面やニッケルを再び電池用の水酸化ニッケルの原料とすることを考えると、硫酸が最も好ましく、塩酸や硝酸の使用は不利となる。この溶解液には、正極活物質に含まれるニッケル、コバルト、亜鉛、負極活物質に含まれるニッケル、コバルト、マンガン、希土類元素、及び容器の材料である鉄等が溶解されている。
【0015】
この溶解液からニッケル以外の不純物を除去する場合、マンガンは中和のみでは除去できないため、本発明では酸化処理してマンガンを選択的に沈殿除去するが、本発明者らが既に提案した特願2001−44415に記載の方法が好ましい。即ち、溶解液のpHを3以下に保持しながら、酸化剤を添加して酸化還元電位(ORP)を銀−塩化銀電極で1000〜1200mVの範囲に調整する。これにより、溶解液からマンガンを効果的に沈殿させることができ、マンガン濃度が電池材料用の水酸化ニッケル製造始液に必要なスペック以下の溶液とすることが可能である。
【0016】
使用する酸化剤としては、3価のニッケルの水酸化物又は3価のコバルトの水酸化物が特に好ましい。この3価のニッケル及びコバルトの水酸化物は、予め別工程において、ニッケル溶液やコバルト溶液に次亜塩素酸ナトリウムや塩素ガス等の酸化剤を添加して製造する。得られた3価のニッケル及びコバルトの水酸化物は、溶解液に添加する前に水洗することが好ましく、これによりマンガン除去後の溶液への塩素の残留を抑制することができる。
【0017】
次に、マンガン除去後の溶解液からの希土類元素及び鉄の除去については、単純な苛性ソーダによる中和では、希土類元素が沈殿する前にニッケルやコバルトが沈殿するが、希土類元素も一部沈殿するため分離性が悪い。そのため、本発明者らが既に提案した特願2001−50597に記載の方法に従って、希土類元素を炭酸化して選択的に沈殿させ、このとき同時に鉄も沈澱除去される。
【0018】
具体的には、マンガン除去後の溶解液に、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸カリウム等の炭酸塩を添加することにより、希土類元素及び鉄を炭酸塩として選択的に沈殿させる。反応温度は常温でも可能であるが、70℃程度に加温することにより、常温と同じpHでもニッケルは沈殿率が低下し、逆に希土類元素や鉄は増加するため選択性が向上する。また、溶解液のpHは4〜7の範囲が好ましく、選択性を考慮するとpH5〜6付近が更に好ましい。
【0019】
このようにして溶解液からマンガン、鉄、希土類元素を除去した後の溶解液には、ニッケル以外に、亜鉛、コバルト、一部残留したランタンやネオジウム等の希土類元素が含まれている。そこで、本発明においては、有機溶媒を用いた溶媒抽出により、主にニッケルとコバルトを分離し、同時にその他の不純物の分離除去を行う。
【0020】
ニッケルとコバルトは塩基性が類似しているため、陽イオンとしての化学的性質の差異は小さく、単純な陽イオン交換型の抽出剤であるカルボン酸型抽出剤では良好な分離は期待できない。このため、使用する有機溶媒としては、リン酸系酸性抽出剤が好ましく、例えばPC−88Aが好ましい。この抽出剤は工業的に硫酸酸性溶液中のニッケルとコバルトの分離に使用されており、抽出剤の持つ水素イオンと金属イオンとの置換反応により抽出するものである。
【0021】
尚、同様に塩酸酸性溶液中のニッケルとコバルトの分離に用いる有機溶媒としてD2EHPAがあるが、そのままでは粘度が高く流動性が悪いため、一般的に希釈剤で10〜20%の濃度になるよう希釈して使用する。この希釈剤としては一般的にはケロシン(灯油)や機械油の洗浄剤等を用いる。
【0022】
コバルトその他の不純物を抽出するpH領域は3〜5.5の範囲が好ましい。このpH領域以下ではコバルトの抽出量が少なくなり、このpH領域を超えると分相しなくなるという問題が発生する。特に、コバルトの抽出量が高く、分相の容易なpH4付近での抽出が好ましく、このpH領域であれば亜鉛や希土類元素は1mg/l以下まで除去することができる。尚、抽出時のpH調整はNaOH等のアルカリ溶液を使用するが、抽出後の液を電池用水酸化ニッケル製造に用いる場合には特に問題にはならない。
【0023】
上記の溶媒抽出工程では、一段の抽出操作でコバルト以外の不純物はほぼ完全に除去できるが、コバルトは溶解液中での濃度が高く、一段では完全に抽出することは難しい。コバルト抽出の相比や段数など最適な条件は、所望のコバルト除去率により異なり、例えばコバルトを含有する水酸化ニッケルの原料に使用する場合や、ニッケルしか含まれない液を得る場合などに応じて、抽出段数や相比を変えることで液中のコバルト濃度を調整することができる。
【0024】
【実施例】
実施例1
ニッケル水素二次電池スクラップ中の正極及び負極活物質を硫酸に溶解し、溶解液のpHを1〜2に保持しながら、水酸化コバルトを添加してORP(銀−塩化銀電極)1100〜1200mVの範囲に調整することにより、溶解液からマンガンを沈殿除去させた。次に、この溶解液を70℃程度に加温し、炭酸ナトリウム等の炭酸塩を添加することにより、希土類元素及び鉄を炭酸塩として選択的に沈殿させた。
【0025】
このようにしてマンガン、鉄、希土類元素を除去した溶解液を始液とし、その始液30mlに、PC−88Aを20体積%になるようクリーンソルGで希釈した有機溶媒30mlを加え、相比1:1、反応温度は常温(25℃)として、シェーカーで10分振とうした。抽出pHの調整には100g/lのNaOH溶液を添加して、最終pHがそれぞれ3、4、5.5になるよう調整した。
【0026】
下記表1に、始液のpHと組成(g/l)と共に、pHの異なる試料ごとに溶媒抽出後の水相の液組成(g/l)を示した。抽出pHが高くなるほど、コバルトが抽出されるが、同時にニッケルの抽出も増加することが分る。ニッケル抽出量を低く、且つコバルト抽出量を高くするためには、分相の容易なpH4での抽出が好ましいことが分る。コバルト以外の不純物は、pH3〜5.5の範囲において、全て0.001g/l未満となった。
【0027】
【表1】

Figure 0004078838
【0028】
実施例2
上記実施例1で使用した始液は、亜鉛及び希土類元素の濃度が低く、またニッケルやコバルトも通常得られる液の半分程度の濃度であったため、本来の始液組成に近い濃度の合成液を調整し、上記と同様の溶媒抽出を行った。
【0029】
即ち、調整した始液30mlに、PC−88Aを20体積%になるようクリーンソルGで希釈した有機溶媒30mlを加え、相比1:1、反応温度は常温(25℃)として、シェーカーで10分振とうした。抽出pHの調整には100g/lのNaOH溶液を添加して、最終pHがそれぞれ4、4.5、5になるよう調整した。
【0030】
下記表2に、始液のpHと組成(g/l)と共に、pHの異なる試料ごとに溶媒抽出後の水相の液組成(g/l)を示した。また、表3には、溶媒抽出後の有機相の液組成(g/l)、及び抽出率(%)を示した。亜鉛及び希土類元素については、本来電池スクラップから得られる液でも0.001g/l未満まで抽出でき、ニッケルとコバルトのみの液が得られることが分る。ただし、ニッケル抽出量は抑えられており、抽出pH5でも1%程度の抽出率であった。
【0031】
【表2】
Figure 0004078838
【0032】
【表3】
Figure 0004078838
【0033】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、使用済みニッケル水素二次電池をリサイクルして、その電極活物質の溶解液からマンガン、鉄、コバルト、希土類元素等の不純物を簡単に除去し、ニッケルを高純度に含む液を回収することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for recovering valuable metals such as nickel contained in an electrode active material from used nickel-metal hydride secondary batteries in recycling nickel-metal hydride secondary batteries.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The nickel metal hydride secondary battery has a positive electrode filled with nickel hydroxide as an active material on a punching plate nickel-plated on porous nickel or iron, a negative electrode filled with a hydrogen storage alloy, and a separator such as polypropylene. It is housed in a steel or polypropylene container together with the electrolyte.
[0003]
In recent years, this nickel metal hydride secondary battery is used as a secondary battery in place of a nickel-cadmium battery in an electric vehicle battery, a mobile phone, and the like, and the demand is rapidly increasing. Nickel-metal hydride secondary batteries have better characteristics than nickel-cadmium batteries and do not use harmful cadmium, so they will not cause serious pollution even when discarded, but nickel and hydrogen storage alloys are valuable. Since it is a resource, it is extremely important to recycle these valuable metals.
[0004]
However, even when recovering valuable metals from used nickel metal hydride secondary batteries, it is difficult to recover valuable metals with high purity because the batteries are becoming more compact with the downsizing of electrical appliances. . In addition, a nickel metal hydride secondary battery used for a battery for an automobile has a structure that is not easily broken even in a car collision or the like, and therefore cannot be easily disassembled. Under these circumstances, it is desired to develop a method for recovering valuable metals easily and with high purity from used nickel-hydrogen secondary batteries.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Generally, batteries cannot be easily disassembled due to their safety, and from the viewpoint of cost reduction, when recovering valuable metals from used batteries, the entire battery should be crushed and the crushed material physically removed. Separation is the first step in the process. For example, iron and other materials are separated by magnetic separation, plastics are separated by specific gravity separation, and iron and plastics, which are the main components of containers and supports, and electrode active materials are separated by various physical separations such as sieving. To be separated.
[0006]
The electrode active material separated and recovered in this manner is dissolved in mineral acid, and then valuable metals are separated and recovered from the solution by a chemical treatment method. This chemical treatment method is a method for separating rare earth elements and other elements contained in a solution in order to recover nickel with high purity. For example, in order to reuse nickel contained in the sulfuric acid solution of the electrode active material again as nickel hydroxide for the positive electrode active material, it is necessary to separate rare earth elements originally not contained in the positive electrode material from the solution. There is.
[0007]
However, a simple neutralization treatment has no selectivity and all elements are precipitated. Moreover, the removal method of rare earth elements with oxalate generally used cannot be completely removed, and the coprecipitation of nickel and cobalt increases and the recovery rate is low. Moreover, the separation of rare earth elements by hydroxylation or the like is not complete. Furthermore, in the method of removing rare earth elements as carbonates, coprecipitation of nickel is inevitable if the rare earth elements are to be completely removed.
[0008]
On the other hand, in the method in which the rare earth elements in the solution are adsorbed and removed with a chelate resin, removal from a low concentration has a low adsorption capacity. It wasn't. In addition, since the concentration of zinc contained as other impurities is higher than the rare earth element concentration, there is also a problem that the amount of adsorption decreases. As described above, when trying to completely remove the rare earth elements, there are problems that nickel coprecipitation increases and other impurities remain, and it is difficult to obtain a high-purity nickel solution.
[0009]
In view of such conventional circumstances, the present invention provides manganese, iron, cobalt from a solution obtained by dissolving a separated electrode active material with sulfuric acid when recovering valuable metals such as nickel from a used nickel-hydrogen secondary battery. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for easily removing impurities such as rare earth elements and obtaining a solution containing high-purity nickel.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for recovering valuable metals from a used nickel metal hydride secondary battery by crushing the used nickel metal hydride secondary battery and using sulfuric acid to recover the electrode active material recovered by physical separation. Dissolve and oxidize manganese from the resulting solution to remove precipitates, precipitate and remove iron and rare earth elements by carbonation, and then remove cobalt and other impurities by solvent extraction.
[0011]
In the method for recovering valuable metals from the used nickel metal hydride secondary battery of the present invention, it is preferable to use a phosphoric acid-based acidic extractant when the cobalt and other impurities are subjected to solvent extraction. It is preferable to adjust the pH to a range of 3 to 5.5.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the method for recovering valuable metals from used nickel metal hydride secondary batteries according to the present invention, first, scrap of used nickel metal hydride secondary batteries is crushed and the electrode active material is recovered by physical separation. The method for separating and recovering the electrode active material is not particularly limited, but the method described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-37709 already proposed by the present inventors is preferable.
[0013]
Specifically, first, a used nickel metal hydride secondary battery is crushed, and the crushed material is stirred in water to form a slurry. At this time, since plastics such as a separator are likely to float, the plastics can be separated using this. Next, the crushed material dispersed in water is sieved, and the positive and negative electrode supports, containers and plastics are separated on the sieve, and the electrode active material is mainly collected under the sieve.
[0014]
The obtained sieve is an electrode active material containing nickel, and the entire amount thereof is dissolved with sulfuric acid to obtain a solution. As the acid to be used, sulfuric acid is most preferable, and the use of hydrochloric acid or nitric acid is disadvantageous, considering cost and nickel as a raw material for nickel hydroxide for batteries. In this solution, nickel, cobalt, zinc contained in the positive electrode active material, nickel, cobalt, manganese, rare earth elements contained in the negative electrode active material, iron as a container material, and the like are dissolved.
[0015]
When impurities other than nickel are removed from this solution, manganese cannot be removed only by neutralization. Therefore, in the present invention, manganese is selectively treated to precipitate and remove manganese. The method described in 2001-44415 is preferred. That is, while maintaining the pH of the solution at 3 or less, an oxidizing agent is added to adjust the redox potential (ORP) to a range of 1000 to 1200 mV with a silver-silver chloride electrode. As a result, manganese can be effectively precipitated from the solution, and the manganese concentration can be reduced to a solution below the specification required for the nickel hydroxide production starting solution for battery materials.
[0016]
As the oxidizing agent to be used, trivalent nickel hydroxide or trivalent cobalt hydroxide is particularly preferable. The trivalent nickel and cobalt hydroxides are produced in advance in a separate process by adding an oxidizing agent such as sodium hypochlorite or chlorine gas to the nickel solution or cobalt solution. The obtained trivalent nickel and cobalt hydroxide is preferably washed with water before being added to the solution, whereby the residual chlorine in the solution after removal of manganese can be suppressed.
[0017]
Next, with regard to the removal of rare earth elements and iron from the solution after removal of manganese, neutralization with simple caustic soda precipitates nickel and cobalt before the rare earth elements are precipitated, but some rare earth elements are also precipitated. Therefore, the separability is bad. Therefore, according to the method described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-50597 already proposed by the present inventors, the rare earth element is carbonated and selectively precipitated, and at the same time, iron is also precipitated and removed.
[0018]
Specifically, a rare earth element and iron are selectively precipitated as a carbonate by adding a carbonate such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate, or potassium carbonate to the solution after removal of manganese. Although the reaction temperature can be normal temperature, by heating to about 70 ° C., nickel has a reduced precipitation rate even at the same pH as normal temperature, and conversely, rare earth elements and iron increase, and thus selectivity is improved. The pH of the solution is preferably in the range of 4 to 7, and more preferably in the vicinity of pH 5 to 6 in consideration of selectivity.
[0019]
In this way, the solution after removing manganese, iron, and rare earth elements from the solution contains zinc, cobalt, and some rare earth elements such as lanthanum and neodymium remaining in addition to nickel. Therefore, in the present invention, nickel and cobalt are mainly separated by solvent extraction using an organic solvent, and other impurities are separated and removed at the same time.
[0020]
Since nickel and cobalt are similar in basicity, the difference in chemical properties as a cation is small, and good separation cannot be expected with a carboxylic acid type extractant, which is a simple cation exchange type extractant. For this reason, as an organic solvent to be used, a phosphoric acid type acidic extractant is preferable, for example, PC-88A is preferable. This extractant is industrially used for separation of nickel and cobalt in an acidic sulfuric acid solution, and is extracted by a substitution reaction between hydrogen ions and metal ions of the extractant.
[0021]
Similarly, there is D2EHPA as an organic solvent used for separation of nickel and cobalt in hydrochloric acid acidic solution. However, since the viscosity is high and the fluidity is poor as it is, the concentration is generally 10 to 20% with a diluent. Dilute and use. As the diluent, kerosene (a kerosene) or a machine oil cleaning agent is generally used.
[0022]
The pH range for extracting cobalt and other impurities is preferably in the range of 3 to 5.5. Below this pH range, the amount of cobalt extracted decreases, and when this pH range is exceeded, there is a problem that phase separation does not occur. In particular, extraction at a pH around 4 where the amount of cobalt extracted is high and phase separation is easy is preferable. In this pH range, zinc and rare earth elements can be removed to 1 mg / l or less. In addition, although pH adjustment at the time of extraction uses alkaline solutions, such as NaOH, when using the liquid after extraction for nickel hydroxide for batteries, it does not become a problem in particular.
[0023]
In the above-described solvent extraction step, impurities other than cobalt can be almost completely removed by one-stage extraction operation, but cobalt has a high concentration in the solution and is difficult to completely extract in one stage. Optimum conditions such as the phase ratio and the number of stages of cobalt extraction vary depending on the desired cobalt removal rate. For example, when used as a raw material for nickel hydroxide containing cobalt, or when obtaining a liquid containing only nickel, etc. The cobalt concentration in the liquid can be adjusted by changing the number of extraction stages and the phase ratio.
[0024]
【Example】
Example 1
ORP (silver-silver chloride electrode) 1100-1200 mV by adding cobalt hydroxide while dissolving the positive electrode and negative electrode active materials in the nickel-hydrogen secondary battery scrap in sulfuric acid and maintaining the pH of the solution at 1-2. By adjusting to the range, manganese was precipitated and removed from the solution. Next, this solution was heated to about 70 ° C., and carbonates such as sodium carbonate were added to selectively precipitate rare earth elements and iron as carbonates.
[0025]
A solution obtained by removing manganese, iron, and rare earth elements in this manner is used as a starting solution. To 30 ml of the starting solution, 30 ml of an organic solvent diluted with Cleansol G so that PC-88A is 20% by volume is added. The reaction temperature was 1: 1 (normal temperature (25 ° C.)) and shaken for 10 minutes with a shaker. To adjust the extraction pH, 100 g / l NaOH solution was added to adjust the final pH to 3, 4, and 5.5, respectively.
[0026]
Table 1 below shows the liquid composition (g / l) of the aqueous phase after solvent extraction for each sample having a different pH, together with the pH and composition (g / l) of the starting liquid. It can be seen that the higher the extraction pH, the more cobalt is extracted, but at the same time the nickel extraction increases. It can be seen that in order to reduce the nickel extraction amount and increase the cobalt extraction amount, extraction at pH 4 where phase separation is easy is preferable. All impurities other than cobalt were less than 0.001 g / l in the pH range of 3 to 5.5.
[0027]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004078838
[0028]
Example 2
The starting solution used in Example 1 above had low concentrations of zinc and rare earth elements, and nickel and cobalt were also about half the concentration of liquids usually obtained, so a synthetic solution having a concentration close to the original starting composition was used. The same solvent extraction as described above was performed.
[0029]
That is, 30 ml of an organic solvent diluted with Cleansol G so as to be 20% by volume of PC-88A was added to 30 ml of the adjusted starting solution, the phase ratio was 1: 1, the reaction temperature was room temperature (25 ° C.), and the shaker was 10 I shook it. To adjust the extraction pH, 100 g / l NaOH solution was added to adjust the final pH to 4, 4.5, and 5, respectively.
[0030]
Table 2 below shows the liquid composition (g / l) of the aqueous phase after solvent extraction for each sample having a different pH, together with the pH and composition (g / l) of the starting liquid. Table 3 shows the liquid composition (g / l) and extraction rate (%) of the organic phase after solvent extraction. As for zinc and rare earth elements, it can be seen that even a liquid originally obtained from battery scrap can be extracted to less than 0.001 g / l, and a liquid of only nickel and cobalt can be obtained. However, the nickel extraction amount was suppressed, and the extraction rate was about 1% even at the extraction pH of 5.
[0031]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004078838
[0032]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004078838
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a used nickel metal hydride secondary battery is recycled to easily remove impurities such as manganese, iron, cobalt, rare earth elements from a solution of the electrode active material, and a liquid containing nickel with high purity. Can be recovered.

Claims (3)

使用済みニッケル水素二次電池を破砕し、物理分離により回収した電極活物質を硫酸で溶解し、得られた溶解液からマンガンを酸化して沈殿除去し、鉄及び希土類元素を炭酸化により沈殿除去した後、コバルト、亜鉛及び一部残留したランタンやネオジウム等の希土類元素を溶媒抽出により除去することを特徴とする使用済みニッケル水素二次電池からの有価金属回収方法。The used nickel metal hydride secondary battery is crushed, the electrode active material recovered by physical separation is dissolved in sulfuric acid, manganese is oxidized and removed from the resulting solution, and iron and rare earth elements are precipitated and removed by carbonation. Then, a valuable metal recovery method from a used nickel-hydrogen secondary battery, wherein cobalt, zinc and rare earth elements such as lanthanum and neodymium partially remaining are removed by solvent extraction. 前記溶媒抽出においてリン酸系酸性抽出剤を使用することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のニッケル水素二次電池からの有価金属回収方法。The method for recovering valuable metals from a nickel metal hydride secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a phosphoric acid-based acidic extractant is used in the solvent extraction. 前記溶媒抽出において溶解液のpHを3〜5.5の範囲に調整することを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載のニッケル水素二次電池からの有価金属回収方法。The method for recovering a valuable metal from a nickel metal hydride secondary battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pH of the solution is adjusted to a range of 3 to 5.5 in the solvent extraction.
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