JP4082178B2 - Ceramic metal halide lamp - Google Patents
Ceramic metal halide lamp Download PDFInfo
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- JP4082178B2 JP4082178B2 JP2002320209A JP2002320209A JP4082178B2 JP 4082178 B2 JP4082178 B2 JP 4082178B2 JP 2002320209 A JP2002320209 A JP 2002320209A JP 2002320209 A JP2002320209 A JP 2002320209A JP 4082178 B2 JP4082178 B2 JP 4082178B2
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- Prior art keywords
- arc tube
- metal halide
- lamp
- halide
- halogenated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 13
- -1 terbium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000000922 Holmium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical class [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005394 sealing glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、セラミックメタルハライドランプに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、メタルハライドランプの発光管材質には石英ガラスが使用されてきたが、近年になって発光管材質に透光性セラミックを使用したセラミックメタルハライドランプが実用化されてきた。メタルハライドランプの場合、発光管材質が石英ガラスであると、点灯中に石英ガラスと発光物質であるメタルハライドが徐々に反応し、寿命特性を悪化する原因を作る。しかし発光管材質が透光性セラミックの場合、発光物質であるメタルハライドとは反応しにくい為、石英ガラス製発光管より寿命特性が良くなり、また発光管をコンパクトにできるのでランプ効率、演色性が良いランプを作ることができる可能性がある。このような理由から近年、発光管材質に透光性セラミックを使用したランプが実用化されてきた。
【0003】
セラミックメタルハライドランプは既に白色、温白色の色温度系列で製品化がされており、従来石英製に比べて高効率、長寿命という点から市場の評価は良い。その為、市場からは、昼白色、昼光色の色温度系列のランプも要望されている。その市場からの要望に対して、我々は昼光色のランプの検討を行った。従来の発光管が石英ガラスのタイプでは、昼光色の発光をする封入物質の組合せとしては、Dy−Nd−Cs−I系の組合せが代表的である(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平4−032155号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
予備試験においてこの封入物を実際にセラミック製発光管に封入しランプ化して点灯すると、垂直点灯では問題なく点灯できたが水平点灯では高い確率で発光管が破損する現象が発生した。これは水平点灯で点灯すると放電アークが上方へ湾曲しやすくなり、特に放電アークの温度が高い封入物系では発光管上部の急激な温度上昇により破損したと考えられる。
【0006】
実際、破損したのはランプを点灯させてから2分程度で発生しており、ちょうどDy、Ndが発光しだす時間帯である。この封入物系、特にNdを添加するとアーク温度は上昇する傾向にあり、Ndの添加が発光管の破損に大きく影響していることが考えられる。
【0007】
その対策としてアーク温度を低下させる物質(Tl、In)を添加してその効果を調査した。その結果、Tl及びInを添加したDy−Nd−Cs−Tl−In−I系封入物では、水平点灯時のランプの破損は無くなりはしたが、発光管上部がアークの熱の為白濁化し、光束維持率は良い結果が得られなかった。
【0008】
そこで我々は昼光色の色合いを出す他の封入物系の検討を行った。本発明の課題は、透光性セラミック発光管を用いても発光管の破損や寿命特性の悪化等の不具合が無く、長寿命の昼光色の色合いを持つセラミックメタルハライドランプを提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、本発明のセラミックメタルハライドランプは、両端に電極を具備した透光性材料からなる発光管の内部に始動用希ガス、水銀、ハロゲン化テルビウム(TbX3)、ハロゲン化タリウム(TlX)およびハロゲン化セシウム(CsX)が封入され、かつハロゲン化ジスブロシウム(DyX3)、ハロゲン化ホルミウム(HoX3)、ハロゲン化エルビウム(ErX3)、ハロゲン化ツリウム(TmX3)の少なくとも1種が封入され、色温度が5700〜7100Kの範囲内にあるとともに、前記封入される物質の封入量が、モル数で前記Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tmの総量をAとしたときに、Aに対するTbのモル比が0.15〜0.25、Aに対するTlのモル比が0.15〜0.4、Aに対するCsのモル比が0.5〜0.8、の関係を満たすことを特徴とする。
【0010】
本発明によれば、水平点灯した場合であっても発光管の破裂を抑制でき、光束維持率に優れた長寿命な色温度5700〜7100Kの昼光色のセラミックメタルハライドランプとすることができる。
【0012】
前記ハロゲン化物としては、ヨウ化物あるいは臭化物が好ましい。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態により本発明について詳細に説明する。
図1は発光管の概略構成断面図である。透光性セラミック管(アルミナ)からなる発光管10は中央部の本管11とその両端に取り付けられた細管12とから構成されている。細径部13と細管12とはアルミナ製のディスク14を介して気密的に接合されており、細管12の発光管外方端部における内部には電極極芯15に接続した第1の金属からなる電気導入体16と第2の金属からなる電気導入体17及びセラミックスリーブ18が封着ガラス19により気密的に固定されている。電極極芯には第1コイル20と第2コイル21が巻き付けてある。発光管内には始動用希ガスと水銀、DyI3、TbI3、CsI、TlIが封入されている。前記発光管は図示しない支持部材により硬質ガラス製の外球に内蔵されている。
【0014】
封入物の選択は昼光色の色合いを出すために単体では約10000Kと高い色温度の発光をもつTbと、高演色性を持たせるためのDyを中心としたDy−Tb−Tl−Cs−I系封入物で構成した。
【0015】
まず、我々は昼光色の色合いを出し、かつ高演色、高効率となる封入物の比率を調査するために、希土類金属ハロゲン化物であるDyI3とTbI3の合計をA(単位mol)とし、TbI3/A=0〜0.5(mol比)、TlI/A=0〜1.0(mol比)、CsI/A=0.3〜1.0(mol比)と変化させた試作を行った。試験は内径18.5mm、アーク長27mmの発光管を使用した定格電力400Wのランプで行った。また、前記封入物は、合計で100μmolとした。
【0016】
CsIは従来から放電アークを安定化させる効果があることが分かっており、まず放電アークが安定するCsI/Aの範囲を調査したところ、CsI/A<0.5になるとアークの揺れや湾曲が発生する可能性が高いことが判明した。
【0017】
次にCsI/A=0.5でTbI3/Aを変化させて昼光色の色合いとなる範囲を調査した。その時のTlI/Aは0.15に設定した。その結果を図2に示す。図2より昼光色になるのはTbI3/A=0.15〜0.4ことが分かる。
【0018】
CsI/Aの上限を決める要因として、ランプ効率がある。既に製品化されている石英製発光管を用いた昼光色のランプよりも効率が高くなければセラミック発光管を用いる利点がなく、効率80lm/W以上は必要と考えられる。TbI3/A=0.15〜0.4の範囲でCsI/Aを変化させて特性を調査した。その時のTlI/Aは0.15に設定した。その結果を図3、図4に示す。図3、図4より昼光色の色温度と効率80lm/W以上という条件を満たすのは、TbI3/A=0.15〜0.25でCsI/A=0.5〜0.8の範囲が望ましいことが分かる。
【0019】
次にTbI3/A=0.15〜0.25、CsI/A=0.5〜0.8の範囲でTlI/Aを0〜1.0まで変化させたところ、TlI/Aが高くなるほどランプ効率が上昇した。また色温度については大きな変化は見られなかったが、色合いがTlI/Aが高くなるほど緑っぽく感じられるようになる。逆にTlI/A=0では赤っぽく感じられ、良好な昼光色の色合いを得るにはTlI/A=0.15〜0.4の範囲が良いことが判明した。
【0020】
なおDyI3の替わりにHoI3、ErI3、TmI3を単体又は複合で使用しても同様の結果が得られた。さらに沃化物の替わりに臭化物、沃化物と臭化物の混合にしても同様の結果が得られた。
【0021】
上記の試験結果より、封入物の比率は以下の範囲内にすれば良いことが分かる。
TbX3、DyX3、HoX3、ErX3、TmX3 の総量:A
TbX3/A = 0.15〜0.25(mol比)
TlX /A = 0.15〜0.4(mol比)
CsX /A = 0.5〜0.8(mol比)
また上記範囲内で作成したランプを水平及び垂直点灯で寿命試験したところ、破損や寿命特性の悪化等不具合は全く無く、良好な特性が得られた。
【0022】
寿命試験結果を図5に示す。なおこの寿命特性は石英製発光管を使用したときよりも、光束維持率が大幅に改善されており、長寿命のランプと言える。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば透光性セラミック発光管を用いても発光管の破損や寿命特性の悪化等の不具合がなく、長寿命の昼光色の色合いを持つセラミックメタルハライドランプを提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】セラミック製発光管の概略構成断面図。
【図2】TbI3/A変化時の色温度変化を示す図。
【図3】CsI/A変化時の色温度変化を示す図。
【図4】CsI/A変化時の効率変化を示す図。
【図5】寿命試験結果を示す図。
【符号の説明】
10 発光管
11 本管
12 細管
14 ディスク
15 電極極芯
16 電気導入体
17 電気導入体
18 セラミックスリープ
19 封着ガラス
20 第1コイル
21 第2コイル[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ceramic metal halide lamp.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, quartz glass has been used as the arc tube material of metal halide lamps, but in recent years, ceramic metal halide lamps using translucent ceramics as arc tube materials have been put into practical use. In the case of a metal halide lamp, if the arc tube material is quartz glass, the quartz glass and the metal halide, which is a luminescent material, gradually react during lighting, causing a deterioration in life characteristics. However, when the arc tube material is translucent ceramic, it does not react easily with the metal halide, which is a luminescent material, so the life characteristics are better than the quartz glass arc tube, and the arc tube can be made compact, so the lamp efficiency and color rendering are improved. There is a possibility that a good lamp can be made. For these reasons, in recent years, lamps using translucent ceramics as arc tube materials have been put into practical use.
[0003]
Ceramic metal halide lamps have already been commercialized in white and warm white color temperature series, and are highly evaluated on the market in terms of high efficiency and long life compared to conventional quartz products. Therefore, the market demands lamps of daytime white and daylight color temperature series. In response to requests from the market, we studied daylight lamps. When the conventional arc tube is a quartz glass type, a typical combination of encapsulating substances that emit daylight light is a Dy-Nd-Cs-I combination (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-032155
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the preliminary test, when the enclosure was actually enclosed in a ceramic arc tube and turned on as a lamp, the lamp could be lit without any problems in vertical lighting, but the arc tube was damaged with high probability in horizontal lighting. This is because the discharge arc tends to bend upward when it is lit horizontally, and it is considered that the enclosure system with a high discharge arc temperature was damaged due to a rapid temperature rise at the top of the arc tube.
[0006]
Actually, the damage occurred about 2 minutes after the lamp was turned on, and it was just the time when Dy and Nd started to emit light. When this inclusion system, particularly Nd, is added, the arc temperature tends to increase, and it is considered that the addition of Nd has a great influence on the breakage of the arc tube.
[0007]
As a countermeasure, substances that reduce the arc temperature (Tl, In) were added to investigate the effect. As a result, in the Dy-Nd-Cs-Tl-In-I inclusion containing Tl and In, the lamp was not damaged during horizontal lighting, but the upper part of the arc tube became cloudy due to the heat of the arc, The luminous flux maintenance factor was not good.
[0008]
Therefore, we examined other inclusion systems that produce daylight shades. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic metal halide lamp having a long-life color of daylight without causing defects such as breakage of the arc tube and deterioration of life characteristics even when a translucent ceramic arc tube is used.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, a ceramic metal halide lamp according to the present invention includes a starting rare gas, mercury, terbium halide (TbX 3 ), and thallium halide inside an arc tube made of a translucent material having electrodes at both ends. (TLX) and cesium halide (CsX) is sealed, and halogenated Jisuburoshiumu (dyx 3), halogenated holmium (Hox 3), erbium halides (ERX 3), at least one halogenated thulium (TMX 3) And the color temperature is in the range of 5700 to 7100K, and the amount of the encapsulated substance is A when the total amount of Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm is A in terms of moles. The molar ratio of Tb to A is 0.15 to 0.25, the molar ratio of Tl to A is 0.15 to 0.4, and Cs to A The molar ratio satisfies the relationship of 0.5 to 0.8 .
[0010]
According to the present invention, even when the lamp is lit horizontally, bursting of the arc tube can be suppressed, and a long-life color temperature 5700-7100K ceramic metal halide lamp excellent in luminous flux maintenance factor can be obtained.
[0012]
The halide is preferably iodide or bromide.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the arc tube. An
[0014]
Selection of inclusions is Dy-Tb-Tl-Cs-I system centered on Tb, which emits light at a high color temperature of about 10,000K, and Dy for high color rendering in order to produce daylight colors. Consists of inclusions.
[0015]
First, we put the shade of daylight, and high color rendering, in order to investigate the proportion of inclusions of a high efficiency, the sum of DyI 3 and TBI 3 is a rare earth metal halide and A (unit mol), TBI 3 / A = 0 to 0.5 (mol ratio), TlI / A = 0 to 1.0 (mol ratio), and CsI / A = 0.3 to 1.0 (mol ratio) were made. The test was conducted with a lamp with a rated power of 400 W using an arc tube with an inner diameter of 18.5 mm and an arc length of 27 mm. Moreover, the said enclosure was 100 micromol in total.
[0016]
CsI has been known to have the effect of stabilizing the discharge arc, and when the range of CsI / A where the discharge arc is stabilized was first investigated, the arc sways and curves when CsI / A <0.5. It turns out that the possibility is high.
[0017]
Next, TbI 3 / A was changed at CsI / A = 0.5, and the range of daylight shades was investigated. TlI / A at that time was set to 0.15. The result is shown in FIG. It can be seen from FIG. 2 that TbI 3 /A=0.15 to 0.4 becomes daylight.
[0018]
The factor that determines the upper limit of CsI / A is lamp efficiency. If the efficiency is not higher than that of a daylight lamp using a quartz arc tube that has already been commercialized, there is no advantage of using a ceramic arc tube, and an efficiency of 80 lm / W or more is considered necessary. The characteristics were investigated by changing CsI / A in the range of TbI 3 /A=0.15 to 0.4. TlI / A at that time was set to 0.15. The results are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that the conditions of daylight color temperature and efficiency of 80 lm / W or more satisfy the conditions of TbI 3 /A=0.15 to 0.25 and CsI / A = 0.5 to 0.8.
[0019]
Next, when TlI / A was changed from 0 to 1.0 in the range of TbI 3 /A=0.15 to 0.25 and CsI / A = 0.5 to 0.8, the lamp efficiency increased as TlI / A increased. The color temperature did not change much, but the higher the TlI / A, the greener the color feels. On the other hand, when TlI / A = 0, it is reddish, and it was found that the range of TlI / A = 0.15 to 0.4 is good for obtaining a good daylight hue.
[0020]
Note that instead of DyI 3 HoI 3, ErI 3, TmI similar results using 3 simple substance or composite was obtained. Further, similar results were obtained even when bromide or a mixture of iodide and bromide was used instead of iodide.
[0021]
From the above test results, it can be seen that the ratio of inclusions should be within the following range.
Total amount of TbX 3 , DyX 3 , HoX 3 , ErX 3 , TmX 3 : A
TbX 3 / A = 0.15 to 0.25 (mol ratio)
TlX / A = 0.15-0.4 (mol ratio)
CsX / A = 0.5 to 0.8 (mol ratio)
In addition, when a lamp produced within the above range was subjected to a life test by horizontal and vertical lighting, there were no problems such as breakage or deterioration of life characteristics, and good characteristics were obtained.
[0022]
The life test results are shown in FIG. This lifetime characteristic is a lamp with a long lifetime because the luminous flux maintenance factor is greatly improved as compared with the case where a quartz arc tube is used.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a ceramic metal halide lamp having a long-life color of daylight without causing defects such as breakage of the light-emitting tube and deterioration of life characteristics even when a translucent ceramic light-emitting tube is used. be able to.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a ceramic arc tube.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in color temperature when TbI 3 / A changes.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a change in color temperature when CsI / A changes.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a change in efficiency when CsI / A changes.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a life test result.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002320209A JP4082178B2 (en) | 2002-11-01 | 2002-11-01 | Ceramic metal halide lamp |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002320209A JP4082178B2 (en) | 2002-11-01 | 2002-11-01 | Ceramic metal halide lamp |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2004158218A JP2004158218A (en) | 2004-06-03 |
| JP4082178B2 true JP4082178B2 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002320209A Expired - Fee Related JP4082178B2 (en) | 2002-11-01 | 2002-11-01 | Ceramic metal halide lamp |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006103588A2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-05 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | High intensity discharge lamp |
| JP2015146235A (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-13 | 岩崎電気株式会社 | Ceramic metal halide lamp |
-
2002
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