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JP4082592B2 - Method and apparatus for evaluating characteristic distribution of single mode optical fiber - Google Patents
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JP4082592B2 - Method and apparatus for evaluating characteristic distribution of single mode optical fiber - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for evaluating characteristic distribution of single mode optical fiber Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4082592B2
JP4082592B2 JP2003158938A JP2003158938A JP4082592B2 JP 4082592 B2 JP4082592 B2 JP 4082592B2 JP 2003158938 A JP2003158938 A JP 2003158938A JP 2003158938 A JP2003158938 A JP 2003158938A JP 4082592 B2 JP4082592 B2 JP 4082592B2
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distribution
effective
optical fiber
refractive index
mode optical
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JP2004361200A (en
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邦弘 戸毛
和秀 中島
千里 深井
和男 保苅
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NTT Inc
NTT Inc USA
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Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
NTT Inc USA
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  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は単一モード光ファイバの伝搬方向における特性分布の評価方法及び評価装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
光増幅装置を用いた光通信システムでは、単一モード光ファイバ中を伝搬する光強度の増大に伴い、単一モード光ファイバ中の光非線形性による伝搬波形の劣化が問題となる(非特許文献1)。
単一モード光ファイバ中の光非線形現象は、非線形屈折率n2を実効断面積Aeffで除算した、非線形定数n2/Aeffに比例して変化する。
【0003】
従って、光増幅装置を用いた長距離・大容量の光通信システムでは、伝送路に使用する単一モード光ファイバの光非線形性に関するパラメータである、実効断面積、並びに非線形屈折率を把握する必要が生じる。
このため、実効断面積については、単一モード光ファイバの任意の出射端におけるニア・フィールド・パターン、若しくはファー・フィールド・パターンの測定結果から、評価を行う手法が確立されている(非特許文献2)。
【0004】
また、非線形屈折率若しくは非線形定数についても、単一モード光ファイバ中の各種光非線形現象を観測することにより、評価を行う手法が報告されている(例えば、特許文献1−5)。
一方、光ファイバ中の光非線形効果は、波長分散やモードフィールド径等の、光ファイバパラメータとも密接に関係し、その効果は光ファイバの伝搬方向で発生・累積するといった特徴を有する。
【0005】
従って、光増幅装置を用いた長距離・大容量の光通信システムでは、伝送路に使用する単一モード光ファイバにおける、各種ファイバ・パラメータの伝搬方向における分布特性についても把握する必要が生じる。
このため、例えば特許文献6では、単一モード光ファイバの双方向から測定した、後方散乱光波形を解析することにより、単一モード光ファイバ伝搬方向の、モードフィールド径や波長分散等のパラメータを非破壊で評価する手法が提案されている。
【0006】
また近年、光ファイバ中のラマン増幅効果を用いた光通信システムに関する検討も盛んに行われており、このような光通信システムでは、伝送路に使用する単一モード光ファイバのラマン利得率、若しくはラマン利得係数について把握することも必要となる。
このため、例えば特許文献7では、単一モード光ファイバ伝送路のラマン増幅特性の評価法が提案されている。
また、非特許文献3では、単一モード光ファイバのラマン利得率分布を非破壊で評価する方法も提案されている。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開平7−325015号
【特許文献2】
特開平8−15091号
【特許文献3】
特開平8−193918号
【特許文献4】
特開2001−33352号
【特許文献5】
特開2002−318171号
【特許文献6】
特開平6−213770号
【特許文献7】
特開2002−296145号
【特許文献8】
特開平10−160636号
【非特許文献1】
A. R. Chraplyvy, "Limitation on lightwave communications imposed by optical-fiber nonlinearities", J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 8, No. 10, p. 1548, 1990
【非特許文献2】
波平編、「DWDM光測定技術(第1版)」、オプトロニクス社(平成13年3月10日発行)。(第10章、p217−221)
【非特許文献3】
K. Toge et al., "Measurement of Raman gain distribution in optical fibers", Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 14, No. 7, p. 974 2002
【非特許文献4】
C. Fukai, K. Nakajima and M. Ohashi, "Dopant dependence of Raman gain coefflcient in fluorine doped fiber", OECC2002, 10D2-6, pp. 186-187, 2002.
【非特許文献5】
S Gray "Raman gain measurements in optical fibers" SOFM2000, pp. 151-154, 2000.
【非特許文献6】
K. Nakajima and M. Ohashi, "Dopant dependence of effective nonlinear refractive index in Ge02- and F-doped core single-mode fibers", Photon. Technol. Lett. vol. 14, No. 4 pp 492-494, 2002.
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、特許文献1から5、並びに特許文献7の評価技術では、単一モード光ファイバの全長での平均値、若しくは任意の短長での局所値としての、非線形屈折率、非線形定数、或いはラマン増幅特性が評価可能であり、単一モード光ファイバの伝搬方向における分布特性を評価することは困難であるといった問題があった。
【0009】
また、特許文献6に記載のファイバ・パラメータの分布特性評価技術では、単一モード光ファイバの長手方向における屈折率分布の均一性を仮定しており、複数の単一モード光ファイバ、特に屈折率分布の異なる複数の単一モード光ファイバが接続されている場合には、その評価精度が劣化するといった問題があった。更に、かかる問題を解決するため、特許文献8に記載の評価技術では、屈折率分布の変化に対応する補正係数を考慮に入れることにより、評価精度を向上させる手法が提案されている。
【0010】
しかしながら、特許文献8の評価技術では補正係数を導出するために、被測定単一モード光ファイバの任意の波長λ、任意の位置zにおけるモードフィールド径が既知であることが必要であり、モードフィールド径が完全に未知である単一モード光ファイバの測定には応用できないといった問題点があった。
また同様に、非特許文献3に記載のラマン利得率分布の評価技術においても、複数の単一モード光ファイバが接続されている場合には、接続された単一モード光ファイバ間の屈折率分布の変化により、ラマン利得係数と実効断面積の分布特性を分離して把握することは困難であるといった問題があった。
【0011】
本発明はこのような問題に鑑み、単一モード光ファイバの伝搬方向における実効的な比屈折率差の変化を評価し、被測定単一モード光ファイバの実効ラマン利得係数、実効非線形屈折率、実効断面積、及びモードフィールド径等の各種パラメータの分布特性を高精度に評価する方法、並びに評価装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
斯かる目的を達成する本発明の請求項1に係る単一モード光ファイバの特性分布評価法は、被測定単一モード光ファイバの、評価波長λ、伝搬方向zの位置における、実効ラマン利得率分布Creff(λ、z)と、構造不整合に起因する規格化光強度分布In(λ、z)とを評価し、両分布特性の評価結果を用い、式(1)及び式(2)の関係を満たす実効比屈折率差Δeff(λ、z)、実効断面積Aeff(λ、z)、並びに実効的なラマン利得係数greff(λ、z)の分布特性を評価することを特徴とする。但し、g 0 及びg 1 はコアに特定のガラス材料が添加された単一モード光ファイバにおいて定まる光ファイバの実効的な比屈折率差分布Δ eff (λ、z)と実効的なラマン利得係数g reff (λ、z)とを関連付ける係数である。
【0013】
上記目的を達成する本発明の請求項2に係る単一モード光ファイバの特性分布評価法は、請求項1に記載の方法により、被測定単一モード光ファイバの実効的な比屈折率差分布Δeff(λ、z)、並びに実効断面積分布Aeff(λ、z)を評価し、式(3)及び式(4−1)及び(4−2)の関係を満足する、等価比屈折率差分布Δeq(core)(z)及びΔeq(clad)(z)と、等価コア半径分布aeq(z)とから得られる等価ステップ型屈折率分布に対して、マクスウェル解析を行うことによって、該被測定単一モード光ファイバの伝搬方向における、モードフィールド径2W(λ、z)の分布特性を算出し、式(8)及び式(9−1)及び(9−2)の関係式を用いて実効的な非線形屈折率n2eff(λ、z)並びに実効的な非線形定数n2eff/Aeff(λ、z)の分布特性を評価することを特徴とする。
【0014】
上記目的を達成する本発明の請求項3に係る単一モード光ファイバの特性分布評価装置は、所望の励起波長λpにおける励起パルス光と、所望の評価波長λにおける測定パルス光と、所望の評価波長λにおけるプローブ光と、を被測定単一モード光ファイバに入射し、前記測定パルス光を用い前記被測定単一モード光ファイバの双方向から後方散乱光強度分布を測定する手段と、該後方散乱光強度分布、前記測定パルス光、及び、前記プローブ光を用い、式(1)、式(2)、式(3)、式(4−1)、式(4−2)、式(8)、式(9−1)、及び式(9−2)の関係式を用いて、前記被測定単一モード光ファイバの伝搬方向zにおける、実効ラマン利得率Creff(λ、z)、規格化光強度In(λ、z)、実効比屈折率差Δeff(λ、z)、実効ラマン利得係数greff(λ、z)、実効断面積Aeff(λ、z)、等価比屈折率差Δeq(core)(z)及びΔeq(clad)(z)、等価コア半径aeq(z)、モードフィールド径2W(λ、z)、実効非線形屈折率n2eff(λ、z)、並びに実効非線形定数n2eff(λ、z)/Aeff(λ、z)の分布特性を演算する手段とを備えたことを特徴とする。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の評価方法、並びに評価装置では、被測定単一モード光ファイバの一端、若しくは両端に、評価波長λにおける、任意の位置z0での実効断面積Aeff(λ、z0)が既知である、参照単一モード光ファイバを接続し、評価波長λにおける被測定単一モード光ファイバの伝搬方向の位置zでの実効的なラマン利得率分布Creff(λ、z)と、構造不整合に起因する規格化光強度分布In(λ、z)とを評価する機能を有し、両分布特性の評価結果から、式(1)及び式(2)の関係を満足する、被測定単一モード光ファイバの実効的な比屈折率差分布Δeff(λ、z)、実効断面積分布Aeff(λ、z)、並びに実効的なラマン利得係数分布greff(λ、z)を算出することにより、上記問題を解決する手段としている。
【0016】
以下では図面に基づき、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
図1は本発明による単一モード光ファイバの分布特性評価方法の評価手順を表すフローチャートである。
始めに、被測定単一モード光ファイバの一端、若しくは両端に、評価波長λにおける、任意の位置z0での実効断面積Aeff(λ、z0)が既知である、参照単一モード光ファイバを接続し、測定対象とする(S11)。
【0017】
次に、波長λpの測定光パルスと、評価波長λのプローブ光を用い、例えば、非特許文献3に記載の既存技術により、被測定対象の実効的なラマン利得率分布Creff(λ、z)を評価する(S12)。
更に、評価波長λの測定パルス光を用い、被測定対象の双方向から後方散乱光強度分布I1(λ、z)、及びI2(λ、z)を測定することにより、例えば、特許文献6に記載の既存技術により、被測定対象の構造不整合に起因する規格化光強度分布In(λ、z)を評価する(S13)。
【0018】
引き続き、S12及びS13で得られた、実効的なラマン利得率Creff(λ、z)と規格化光強度分布In(λ、z)を用い、式(1)及び式(2)の関係を満たす、実効的な比屈折率差Δeff(λ、z)、実効断面積Aeff(λ、z)、並びに実効的なラマン利得係数greff(λ、z)の分布特性を評価する(S14)。
【0019】
【数3】

Figure 0004082592
【0020】
そして、S12、及びS14で得られた、実効ラマン利得率分布Creff(λ、z)、並びに実効比屈折率差Δeff(λ、z)を用い、式(3)及び式(4−1)及び(4−2)の関係を満たす、等価比屈折率差Δeq(core)(z)及びΔeq(clad)(z)、並びに等価コア半径aeq(z)の分布特性を解析する(S15)。
【0021】
【数4】
Figure 0004082592
【0022】
更に、S15で得られた等価比屈折率差分布Δeq(core)(z)及びΔeq(clad)(z)と、等価コア半径分布aeq(z)とを用い、両パラメータにより決定される等価ステップ型屈折率分布に対するマクスウェル方程式を解析することにより、被測定対象のモードフィールド径2W(λ、z)、実効非線形屈折率n2eff(λ、z)、並びに実効非線形定数n2eff(λ、z)/Aeff(λ、z)の分布特性を解析する(S16)。
【0023】
図2は本発明の単一モード光ファイバの分布特性評価装置の一構成例を示す概略図である。
この分布特性評価装置は、光強度分布測定装置21、プローブ光源22、制御・演算装置23からなる。
光強度分布測定装置21は、被測定対象の伝搬方向における、光強度分布を測定するための装置であって、波長λp、並びにλの測定パルス光を具備する。
【0024】
プローブ光源22は、被測定対象30に入射するプローブ光源であって、波長λのプローブ光を具備する。
ここで、被測定対象30は、被測定単一モード光ファイバ31の両端に、評価波長λにおける、任意の位置z0での実効断面積Aeff(λ、z0)が既知である、参照単一モード光ファイバ32,33をそれぞれ接続したものである。
制御・演算装置23は、光強度分布測定装置21の制御部、並びに分布特性評価・解析のための装置である。
【0025】
以下では本発明の実施例として、3本の単一モード光ファイバにより構成される被測定対象の分布特性評価を行った例について説明する。
即ち、被測定対象は、参照ファイバである1.3μm帯零分散ファイバ(SMF)と、それぞれ被測定単一モード光ファイバである分散シフトファイバ(DSF)とノン零分散ファイバ(NZ−DSF)が順に接続されたものである。
尚、参照ファイバの入射端z0における、評価波長1550nmでの実効断面積Aeff(1550nm,z0)は、非特許文献2に記載の既存技術、FFP (ファー・フィールド・パターン)法により予め評価を行い、その値は82.8μm2であった。
【0026】
図3は非特許文献3に記載の既存技術を用い、測定パルス光λpの波長を1.45μm、プローブ光の波長λを1.55μmとして、被測定対象の伝搬方向おける実効的なラマン利得率Creff(λ、z)の評価結果を表すグラフである。
また、図4は評価波長λが1.55μmのパルス光を用い、特許文献6に記載の既存技術に基づき、被測定対象の伝搬方向における構造不整合に起因する規格化光強度分布In(λ、z)の評価を行った結果を表すグラフである。
【0027】
図5は、図3並びに図4に示した、実効的なラマン利得率分布Creff(λ、z)、並びに規格化光強度分布In(λ、z)を用い、前記式(1)、並びに式(2)の関係を満たす、実効比屈折率差分布Δeff(λ、z)と、実効断面積分布Aeff(λ、z)とを、最小2乗法解析により評価した結果を表すグラフである。
尚、非特許文献4に記載されているように、コアに特定のガラス材料が添加された、単一モード光ファイバにおける、式(1)の係数g0及びg1は、従来技術により予め求めることができる。
【0028】
そこで、本実施例では、コアにゲルマニウムが添加された単一モード光ファイバにおける、測定パルス波長λp=1.45μm、プローブ光波長λ=1.55μmにおける式(1)を、以下の式(5)に書き換えて評価を行った。
【0029】
【数5】
Figure 0004082592
【0030】
図5中の3本の一点鎖線は、DSF,NZ−DSF、並びにSMFの一端において、従来のFFP法により評価された実効断面積の値を表す。
この結果から、本発明による実効断面積分布の評価結果は、従来の技術による評価結果と良く一致していることが分かる。
【0031】
図6は前記実効的な比屈折率差分布Δeff(λ、z)を、前記式(5)に代入して求めた、被測定対象の実効的なラマン利得係数分布greff(λ、z)の評価結果を表すグラフである。
図6中の3本の一点鎖線は、非特許文献5に記載の従来技術を用いて評価した、DSF,NZ−DSF、並びにSMFの全長における、実効的なラマン利得係数の平均値であり、本発明による評価結果と良く一致していることが分かる。
【0032】
図7は前記実効的な比屈折率差分布Δeff(λ、z)と、実効断面積分布Aeff(λ、z)の評価結果を用い、前記式(3)及び式(4−1)及び(4−2)の関係を満たす、等価比屈折率差分布Δeq(core)(z)及びΔeq(clad)(z)、並びに等価コア半径aeq(z)を最小2乗法解析により評価した結果を表すグラフである。
尚、前記式(5)から、本実施例では、測定パルス波長λp=1.45μm、プローブ光波長λ=1.55μmにおける式(4−1)及び(4−2)を、以下の式(6−1)及び(6−2)に書き換えて評価を行った。
【0033】
【数6】
Figure 0004082592
【0034】
また、式(6−1)及び(6−2)中のΔeq(core)(z)及びΔeq(clad)(z)は、純石英の屈折率nSiO2と、等価ステップ型屈折率分布のコアの屈折率ncore、若しくはクラッド屈折率ncladを用いて、式(7−1)及び(7−2)により定義されるものとした。
【0035】
【数7】
Figure 0004082592
【0036】
図8は、前記等価比屈折率差分布Δeq(core)(z)、並びに等価コア半径aeq(z)の評価結果を用い、両パラメータにより決定される等価ステップ型屈折率分布を有する単一モード光ファイバの特性を解析し得られた、被測定対象のモードフィールド径分布2W(λ、z)の評価結果を表すグラフである。
図8中の3本の一点鎖線は、非特許文献2に記載の従来技術である、FFP法による各測定対象の入射端におけるモードフィールド径の評価結果を表し、本発明による評価結果が従来技術による評価結果と良い一致を示すことが分かる。
【0037】
図9は、被測定対象の実効的な非線形屈折率分布n2eff(λ、z)、並びに実効的な非線形定数分布n2eff(λ、z)/Aeff(λ、z)の評価結果を表すグラフである。
尚、実効的な非線形層折率n2eff(λ、z)は、被測定対象の伝搬方向における等価比屈折率差Δeq(core)(z)及びΔeq(clad)(z)、並びに等価コア半径aeq(z)を用い、非特許文献6により式(8)及び式(9−1)及び(9−2)の関係式を用いて評価した。
【0038】
また、本実施例では、クラッドの屈折率が純石英であり、コアがゲルマニウム添加により形成される単一モード光ファイバの評価を行ったため、非特許文献6より、式(9−1)及び(9−2)の係数n20及びn21は、それぞれ2.507、並びに0.505として評価を行った。
【0039】
【数8】
Figure 0004082592
【0040】
図9中の3本の一点鎖線は、非特許文献7に記載の従来技術である、cw−SPM法による各測定対象の全長における実効的な非線形定数n2eff/Aeffの評価結果を表し、本発明による評価結果が従来技術による評価結果と良い一致を示すことが分かる。
【0041】
このように説明したように、本発明は、単一モード光ファイバの伝播方向における特性分布の評価において、実効ラマン利得率分布と構造不整合に起因する規格化光強度分布とを評価し、これら実効ラマン利得率分布と規格化光強度分布の関係から、被測定単一光ファイバの実効比屈折率差分布を評価することにより、特性分布を評価することを特徴とするものである。
【0042】
従って、本発明によれば、従来技術の課題であった▲1▼全長での平均値又は局所的な値のみでの把握を、伝播方向における分布特性で評価できること、▲2▼異なる複数の光ファイバが接続された場合も評価できること等、高精度な評価が可能となる。
【0043】
【発明の効果】
以上、説明したように、本発明の単一モード光ファイバの分布特性評価法によれば、単一モード光ファイバの伝搬方向における実効的な比屈折率差の変化を評価し、被測定単一モード光ファイバの実効ラマン利得係数、実効非線形屈折率、実効断面積、並びにモードフィールド径等の各種パラメータの分布特性を高精度に評価する方法、並びに評価装置を提供することができる。
【0044】
即ち、実効的なラマン利得率分布の評価結果と、構造不整合に起因した規格化光強度分布の評価結果とを用い、被測定対象の伝搬方向における実効的な比屈折率差分布を評価することとしたため、被測定対象中における屈折率分布の変化に伴う、評価精度の劣化を低減し、被測定対象の伝搬方向における分布特性を高精度に評価可能とするといった効果を奏する。
【0045】
また、本発明の単一モード光ファイバの分布特性評価法によれば、被測定対象の等価比屈折率差、並びに等価コア半径を評価することしたため、従来の電磁界分布の解析技術を適用することにより、被測定対象のモードフィールド径や、実効的な非線形屈折率の分布特性も評価可能となるといった効果も奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明による単一モード光ファイバ伝搬方向の分布特性評価方法の評価手順について説明するフローチャートである。
【図2】本発明による単一モード光ファイバの分布特性評価装置の一構成例を示す概略図である。
【図3】本発明の実施例における、被測定対象の実効的なラマン利得率分布Creff(λ、z)の評価結果を表すグラフである。
【図4】本発明の実施例における、被測定対象の構造不整合に起因する規格化光強度分布In(λ、z)の評価結果を表すグラフである。
【図5】本発明の実施例における、被測定対象の実効比屈折率差分布Δeff(λ、z)並びに実効断面積分布Aeff(λ、z)の評価結果を表すグラフである。
【図6】本発明の実施例における、被測定対象の実効的なラマン利得係数分布greff(λ、z)の評価結果を表すグラフである。
【図7】本発明の実施例における、被測定対象の等価比屈折率差分布Δeq(core)(z)並びに等価コア半径分布aeq(z)の評価結果を表すグラフである。
【図8】本発明の実施例における、被測定対象のモードフィールド径分布2W(λ、z)の評価結果を表すグラフである。
【図9】本発明の実施例における、被測定対象の実効的な非線形屈折率分布n2eff(λ、z)、並びに実効的な非線形定数分布n2eff(λ、z)/Aeff(λ、z)の評価結果を表すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
21 光強度分布測定装置
22 プローブ光源
23 制御・演算装置
30 被測定対象
31 被測定ファイバ
32,33 参照ファイバ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an evaluation method and an evaluation apparatus for characteristic distribution in the propagation direction of a single mode optical fiber.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In an optical communication system using an optical amplifying device, as the light intensity propagating in a single mode optical fiber increases, degradation of the propagation waveform due to optical nonlinearity in the single mode optical fiber becomes a problem (Non-Patent Document). 1).
The optical nonlinear phenomenon in the single mode optical fiber changes in proportion to the nonlinear constant n 2 / A eff obtained by dividing the nonlinear refractive index n 2 by the effective area A eff .
[0003]
Therefore, in a long-distance and large-capacity optical communication system using an optical amplifier, it is necessary to grasp the effective area and nonlinear refractive index, which are parameters related to the optical nonlinearity of a single-mode optical fiber used in a transmission line. Occurs.
For this reason, a method for evaluating the effective area from the measurement result of the near field pattern or the far field pattern at an arbitrary emission end of the single mode optical fiber has been established (Non-Patent Document). 2).
[0004]
Also, a technique for evaluating a nonlinear refractive index or a nonlinear constant by observing various optical nonlinear phenomena in a single mode optical fiber has been reported (for example, Patent Documents 1-5).
On the other hand, the optical nonlinear effect in an optical fiber is closely related to optical fiber parameters such as chromatic dispersion and mode field diameter, and the effect is generated and accumulated in the propagation direction of the optical fiber.
[0005]
Therefore, in a long-distance and large-capacity optical communication system using an optical amplifying device, it is necessary to grasp the distribution characteristics in the propagation direction of various fiber parameters in a single mode optical fiber used for a transmission line.
For this reason, for example, in Patent Document 6, parameters such as the mode field diameter and chromatic dispersion in the propagation direction of the single mode optical fiber are determined by analyzing the backscattered light waveform measured from both directions of the single mode optical fiber. Non-destructive evaluation methods have been proposed.
[0006]
In recent years, studies on optical communication systems using the Raman amplification effect in optical fibers have also been actively conducted. In such optical communication systems, the Raman gain factor of a single mode optical fiber used for a transmission line, or It is also necessary to grasp the Raman gain coefficient.
For this reason, for example, Patent Document 7 proposes a method for evaluating Raman amplification characteristics of a single mode optical fiber transmission line.
Non-Patent Document 3 also proposes a method for non-destructively evaluating the Raman gain factor distribution of a single mode optical fiber.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-7-325015 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-8-15091 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-8-193918 [Patent Document 4]
JP 2001-33352 [Patent Document 5]
JP 2002-318171 [Patent Document 6]
JP-A-6-213770 [Patent Document 7]
JP-A-2002-296145 [Patent Document 8]
JP-A-10-160636 [Non-Patent Document 1]
AR Chraplyvy, "Limitation on lightwave communications imposed by optical-fiber nonlinearities", J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 8, No. 10, p. 1548, 1990
[Non-Patent Document 2]
Namihira, "DWDM optical measurement technology (first edition)", Optronics (issued March 10, 2001). (Chapter 10, p217-221)
[Non-Patent Document 3]
K. Toge et al., "Measurement of Raman gain distribution in optical fibers", Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 14, No. 7, p. 974 2002
[Non-Patent Document 4]
C. Fukai, K. Nakajima and M. Ohashi, "Dopant dependence of Raman gain coefflcient in fluorine doped fiber", OECC2002, 10D2-6, pp. 186-187, 2002.
[Non-Patent Document 5]
S Gray "Raman gain measurements in optical fibers" SOFM2000, pp. 151-154, 2000.
[Non-Patent Document 6]
K. Nakajima and M. Ohashi, "Dopant dependence of effective nonlinear refractive index in Ge0 2 -and F-doped core single-mode fibers", Photon. Technol. Lett. Vol. 14, No. 4 pp 492-494, 2002 .
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the evaluation techniques of Patent Documents 1 to 5 and Patent Document 7, a nonlinear refractive index, a nonlinear constant, or a Raman as an average value over the entire length of a single mode optical fiber or a local value over an arbitrary short length. There is a problem that the amplification characteristic can be evaluated and it is difficult to evaluate the distribution characteristic in the propagation direction of the single mode optical fiber.
[0009]
Further, the fiber parameter distribution characteristic evaluation technique described in Patent Document 6 assumes the uniformity of the refractive index distribution in the longitudinal direction of a single mode optical fiber. When a plurality of single-mode optical fibers having different distributions are connected, there is a problem that the evaluation accuracy deteriorates. Furthermore, in order to solve such a problem, the evaluation technique described in Patent Document 8 has proposed a method for improving evaluation accuracy by taking a correction coefficient corresponding to a change in the refractive index distribution into consideration.
[0010]
However, the evaluation technique of Patent Document 8 requires that the mode field diameter at an arbitrary wavelength λ and an arbitrary position z of the single-mode optical fiber to be measured is known in order to derive a correction coefficient. There is a problem that it cannot be applied to measurement of a single mode optical fiber whose diameter is completely unknown.
Similarly, in the Raman gain factor distribution evaluation technique described in Non-Patent Document 3, when a plurality of single-mode optical fibers are connected, the refractive index distribution between the connected single-mode optical fibers. As a result of this change, it is difficult to separate and grasp the distribution characteristics of the Raman gain coefficient and the effective area.
[0011]
In view of such problems, the present invention evaluates the change in effective relative refractive index difference in the propagation direction of the single mode optical fiber, and the effective Raman gain coefficient, effective nonlinear refractive index of the measured single mode optical fiber, It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and an evaluation apparatus for highly accurately evaluating distribution characteristics of various parameters such as an effective area and a mode field diameter.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for evaluating the characteristic distribution of a single mode optical fiber according to claim 1 of the present invention that achieves such an object provides an effective Raman gain factor at a position of an evaluation wavelength λ and a propagation direction z of a single mode optical fiber to be measured. The distribution Cref (λ, z) and the normalized light intensity distribution In (λ, z) due to structural mismatch are evaluated, and the evaluation results of both distribution characteristics are used to evaluate the expressions (1) and (2). It is characterized by evaluating distribution characteristics of an effective relative refractive index difference Δeff (λ, z), an effective cross-sectional area Aeff (λ, z), and an effective Raman gain coefficient geff (λ, z) satisfying the relationship. Here, g 0 and g 1 are an effective relative refractive index difference distribution Δ eff (λ, z) of an optical fiber and an effective Raman gain coefficient determined in a single mode optical fiber in which a specific glass material is added to the core. This is a coefficient that associates g reff (λ, z).
[0013]
The characteristic distribution evaluation method for a single-mode optical fiber according to claim 2 of the present invention that achieves the above object is the effective relative refractive index difference distribution of the single-mode optical fiber to be measured by the method according to claim 1. Equivalent relative refraction that evaluates Δ eff (λ, z) and effective cross-sectional area distribution A eff (λ, z) and satisfies the relationships of equations (3) and (4-1) and (4-2) Maxwell analysis is performed on the equivalent step type refractive index distribution obtained from the rate difference distributions Δ eq (core) (z) and Δ eq (clad) (z) and the equivalent core radius distribution a eq (z). Accordingly, in the propagation direction of該被measuring single mode optical fiber, and calculating the distribution characteristics of the mode field diameter 2W (lambda, z), formula (8) and the relationship of the formula (9-1) and (9-2) effective nonlinear refractive index n 2eff using equation (λ, z) effective nonlinear constant n 2eff / a eff to the parallel beauty lambda, and evaluating the distribution characteristic of z).
[0014]
A single mode optical fiber characteristic distribution evaluation apparatus according to claim 3 of the present invention that achieves the above object includes a pump pulse light at a desired pump wavelength λ p , a measurement pulse light at a desired test wavelength λ, A probe light at an evaluation wavelength λ is incident on the single-mode optical fiber to be measured , and means for measuring the backscattered light intensity distribution from both directions of the single-mode optical fiber to be measured using the measurement pulse light ; Using the backscattered light intensity distribution , the measurement pulse light, and the probe light, Equation (1), Equation (2), Equation (3), Equation (4-1), Equation (4-2), Equation ( 8), the effective Raman gain factor C ref (λ, z) in the propagation direction z of the single-mode optical fiber to be measured, using the relational expressions of Expression (9-1) and Expression (9-2 ), normalized intensity I n (λ, z), the effective relative refractive index difference Δ eff (λ, z), the real Raman gain coefficient g reff (λ, z), effective area A eff (λ, z), an equivalent relative refractive index difference Δ eq (core) (z) and Δ eq (clad) (z) , equivalent core radius a eq (Z), mode field diameter 2W (λ, z), effective nonlinear refractive index n 2eff (λ, z), and effective nonlinear constant n 2eff (λ, z) / A eff (λ, z) are calculated. And a means for performing.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the evaluation method and the evaluation apparatus of the present invention, the effective area A eff (λ, z0) at an arbitrary position z0 at the evaluation wavelength λ is known at one end or both ends of the single-mode optical fiber to be measured. The reference single-mode optical fiber is connected, and the effective Raman gain factor distribution C ref (λ, z) at the position z in the propagation direction of the single-mode optical fiber to be measured at the evaluation wavelength λ is structurally mismatched. A single measured object having a function of evaluating the resulting normalized light intensity distribution I n (λ, z) and satisfying the relationship of the expressions (1) and (2) from the evaluation results of both distribution characteristics An effective relative refractive index difference distribution Δ eff (λ, z), an effective cross-sectional area distribution A eff (λ, z), and an effective Raman gain coefficient distribution g reff (λ, z) of the mode optical fiber are calculated. Thus, the above problem is solved.
[0016]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an evaluation procedure of a method for evaluating distribution characteristics of a single mode optical fiber according to the present invention.
First, a reference single-mode optical fiber having an effective area A eff (λ, z0) at an arbitrary position z0 at an evaluation wavelength λ is known at one or both ends of the single-mode optical fiber to be measured. It connects and makes it a measuring object (S11).
[0017]
Next, using the measurement light pulse with the wavelength λ p and the probe light with the evaluation wavelength λ, the effective Raman gain factor distribution C reff (λ, z) is evaluated (S12).
Further, by measuring the backscattered light intensity distributions I1 (λ, z) and I2 (λ, z) from both directions of the measurement target using measurement pulse light of the evaluation wavelength λ, for example, Patent Document 6 The normalized light intensity distribution I n (λ, z) resulting from the structural mismatch of the measurement target is evaluated by the described existing technology (S13).
[0018]
Subsequently, using the effective Raman gain factor C ref (λ, z) and the normalized light intensity distribution I n (λ, z) obtained in S12 and S13, the relationship between the equations (1) and (2) The distribution characteristics of an effective relative refractive index difference Δ eff (λ, z), an effective area A eff (λ, z), and an effective Raman gain coefficient g ref (λ, z) satisfying S14).
[0019]
[Equation 3]
Figure 0004082592
[0020]
Then, using the effective Raman gain factor distribution C reff (λ, z) and the effective relative refractive index difference Δ eff (λ, z) obtained in S12 and S14, the equations (3) and (4-1) ) And (4-2), and the distribution characteristics of the equivalent relative refractive index differences Δ eq (core) (z) and Δ eq (clad) (z) and the equivalent core radius a eq (z) are analyzed. (S15).
[0021]
[Expression 4]
Figure 0004082592
[0022]
Further, the equivalent relative refractive index difference distributions Δ eq (core) (z) and Δ eq (clad) (z) obtained in S15 and the equivalent core radius distribution a eq (z) are used and determined by both parameters. By analyzing the Maxwell equation for the equivalent step type refractive index distribution, the mode field diameter 2W (λ, z) of the measurement object, the effective nonlinear refractive index n 2eff (λ, z), and the effective nonlinear constant n 2eff (λ , Z) / A eff (λ, z) distribution characteristics are analyzed (S16).
[0023]
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of the single-mode optical fiber distribution characteristic evaluation apparatus of the present invention.
This distribution characteristic evaluation apparatus includes a light intensity distribution measurement device 21, a probe light source 22, and a control / calculation device 23.
The light intensity distribution measuring device 21 is a device for measuring the light intensity distribution in the propagation direction of the measurement target, and includes measurement light beams having wavelengths λ p and λ.
[0024]
The probe light source 22 is a probe light source that enters the measurement target 30 and includes probe light having a wavelength λ.
Here, the object to be measured 30 is a reference single whose effective cross-sectional area A eff (λ, z0) at an arbitrary position z0 at the evaluation wavelength λ is known at both ends of the single-mode optical fiber 31 to be measured. The mode optical fibers 32 and 33 are connected to each other.
The control / arithmetic unit 23 is a control unit of the light intensity distribution measuring device 21 and a device for evaluating and analyzing distribution characteristics.
[0025]
Hereinafter, as an example of the present invention, an example in which a distribution characteristic evaluation of an object to be measured including three single mode optical fibers is performed will be described.
That is, the measurement target is a 1.3 μm band zero dispersion fiber (SMF) which is a reference fiber, and a dispersion shift fiber (DSF) and a non-zero dispersion fiber (NZ-DSF) which are measurement single mode optical fibers, respectively. They are connected in order.
Note that the effective area A eff (1550 nm, z0) at the evaluation wavelength of 1550 nm at the incident end z0 of the reference fiber is evaluated in advance by the existing technique described in Non-Patent Document 2, FFP (far field pattern) method. The result was 82.8 μm 2 .
[0026]
FIG. 3 shows an effective Raman gain in the propagation direction of an object to be measured, using the existing technology described in Non-Patent Document 3, with the wavelength of the measurement pulse light λ p being 1.45 μm and the wavelength λ of the probe light being 1.55 μm. It is a graph showing the evaluation result of rate C reff (λ, z).
4 uses a pulsed light having an evaluation wavelength λ of 1.55 μm and, based on the existing technology described in Patent Document 6, a normalized light intensity distribution I n (caused by structural mismatch in the propagation direction of the measurement target. It is a graph showing the result of having evaluated (lambda, z).
[0027]
5 uses the effective Raman gain factor distribution C reff (λ, z) and the normalized light intensity distribution I n (λ, z) shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and the above equation (1), And a graph representing the result of evaluating the effective relative refractive index difference distribution Δ eff (λ, z) and the effective cross-sectional area distribution A eff (λ, z) satisfying the relationship of the expression (2) by the least squares analysis. It is.
In addition, as described in Non-Patent Document 4, the coefficients g0 and g1 of the equation (1) in a single mode optical fiber in which a specific glass material is added to the core can be obtained in advance by a conventional technique. it can.
[0028]
Therefore, in this embodiment, in the single mode optical fiber in which germanium is added to the core, the equation (1) at the measurement pulse wavelength λ p = 1.45 μm and the probe light wavelength λ = 1.55 μm is expressed by the following equation ( Evaluation was performed after rewriting to 5).
[0029]
[Equation 5]
Figure 0004082592
[0030]
The three dot-dash lines in FIG. 5 represent the values of the effective area evaluated by the conventional FFP method at one end of DSF, NZ-DSF, and SMF.
From this result, it can be seen that the evaluation result of the effective area distribution according to the present invention is in good agreement with the evaluation result according to the conventional technique.
[0031]
FIG. 6 shows the effective Raman gain coefficient distribution g reff (λ, z) of the measurement target obtained by substituting the effective relative refractive index difference distribution Δ eff (λ, z) into the equation (5). It is a graph showing the evaluation result of).
The three dot-dash lines in FIG. 6 are average values of effective Raman gain coefficients in the total lengths of DSF, NZ-DSF, and SMF evaluated using the conventional technique described in Non-Patent Document 5. It can be seen that the results agree well with the evaluation results according to the present invention.
[0032]
FIG. 7 uses the evaluation results of the effective relative refractive index difference distribution Δ eff (λ, z) and the effective cross-sectional area distribution A eff (λ, z), and the equations (3) and (4-1). And the equivalent relative refractive index difference distributions Δ eq (core) (z) and Δ eq (clad) (z) and the equivalent core radius a eq (z) satisfying the relationship of (4-2) and It is a graph showing the result of evaluation.
From the above equation (5), in this embodiment, the equations (4-1) and (4-2) at the measurement pulse wavelength λ p = 1.45 μm and the probe light wavelength λ = 1.55 μm are expressed by the following equations: Evaluation was performed by rewriting (6-1) and (6-2).
[0033]
[Formula 6]
Figure 0004082592
[0034]
In addition, Δ eq (core) (z) and Δ eq (clad) (z) in the expressions (6-1) and (6-2) are the refractive index n SiO2 of pure quartz and the equivalent step type refractive index distribution. Using the refractive index n core of the core or the clad refractive index n clad , it is defined by the equations (7-1) and (7-2).
[0035]
[Expression 7]
Figure 0004082592
[0036]
FIG. 8 is a graph showing an equivalent step type refractive index distribution determined by both parameters using the evaluation results of the equivalent relative refractive index difference distribution Δ eq (core) (z) and the equivalent core radius a eq (z). It is a graph showing the evaluation result of the mode field diameter distribution 2W ((lambda), z) of the to-be-measured object obtained by analyzing the characteristic of one mode optical fiber.
8 represent the evaluation results of the mode field diameter at the incident end of each measurement object by the FFP method, which is the conventional technique described in Non-Patent Document 2, and the evaluation result according to the present invention is the conventional technique. It can be seen that there is a good agreement with the evaluation result by.
[0037]
FIG. 9 shows the evaluation results of the effective nonlinear refractive index distribution n 2eff (λ, z) and the effective nonlinear constant distribution n 2eff (λ, z) / A eff (λ, z) of the measurement target. It is a graph.
Note that the effective nonlinear layer folding ratio n 2eff (λ, z) is equivalent to the equivalent relative refractive index differences Δ eq (core) (z) and Δ eq (clad) (z) in the propagation direction of the object to be measured, and the equivalent Using the core radius a eq (z), nonpatent literature 6 evaluated using the relational expression of Formula (8), Formula (9-1), and (9-2).
[0038]
Further, in this example, evaluation was made on a single-mode optical fiber in which the refractive index of the cladding is pure quartz and the core is formed by addition of germanium. From Non-Patent Document 6, the expressions (9-1) and ( The coefficients n 20 and n 21 in 9-2) were evaluated as 2.507 and 0.505, respectively.
[0039]
[Equation 8]
Figure 0004082592
[0040]
The three dot-dash lines in FIG. 9 represent the evaluation results of the effective nonlinear constant n 2eff / A eff over the entire length of each measurement object by the cw-SPM method, which is the conventional technique described in Non-Patent Document 7. It can be seen that the evaluation results according to the present invention are in good agreement with the evaluation results according to the prior art.
[0041]
As described above, the present invention evaluates the effective Raman gain factor distribution and the normalized light intensity distribution caused by the structural mismatch in the evaluation of the characteristic distribution in the propagation direction of the single mode optical fiber. The characteristic distribution is evaluated by evaluating the effective relative refractive index difference distribution of the single optical fiber to be measured from the relationship between the effective Raman gain factor distribution and the normalized light intensity distribution.
[0042]
Therefore, according to the present invention, (1) the grasp of only the average value or the local value over the entire length, which has been a problem of the prior art, can be evaluated by the distribution characteristics in the propagation direction, and (2) a plurality of different lights A highly accurate evaluation such as being able to evaluate even when a fiber is connected becomes possible.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the distribution characteristic evaluation method for a single mode optical fiber of the present invention, the change in effective relative refractive index difference in the propagation direction of the single mode optical fiber is evaluated, and the single measured optical fiber is measured. It is possible to provide a method and an evaluation apparatus for highly accurately evaluating distribution characteristics of various parameters such as an effective Raman gain coefficient, an effective nonlinear refractive index, an effective cross-sectional area, and a mode field diameter of a mode optical fiber.
[0044]
That is, using the evaluation result of the effective Raman gain factor distribution and the evaluation result of the normalized light intensity distribution caused by the structural mismatch, the effective relative refractive index difference distribution in the propagation direction of the measurement target is evaluated. As a result, it is possible to reduce deterioration in evaluation accuracy due to a change in the refractive index distribution in the object to be measured, and to achieve an effect that the distribution characteristics in the propagation direction of the object to be measured can be evaluated with high accuracy.
[0045]
In addition, according to the distribution characteristic evaluation method for a single mode optical fiber of the present invention, the equivalent relative refractive index difference of the measurement target and the equivalent core radius are evaluated, so that the conventional electromagnetic field distribution analysis technique is applied. As a result, it is possible to evaluate the mode field diameter of the object to be measured and the distribution characteristics of the effective nonlinear refractive index.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an evaluation procedure of a method for evaluating distribution characteristics in a propagation direction of a single mode optical fiber according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a distribution characteristic evaluation apparatus for a single mode optical fiber according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing an evaluation result of an effective Raman gain factor distribution C reff (λ, z) of an object to be measured in the example of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing an evaluation result of a normalized light intensity distribution I n (λ, z) caused by structural mismatch of a measurement target in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing evaluation results of an effective relative refractive index difference distribution Δ eff (λ, z) and an effective cross-sectional area distribution A eff (λ, z) of an object to be measured in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing an evaluation result of an effective Raman gain coefficient distribution g reff (λ, z) of an object to be measured in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing evaluation results of an equivalent relative refractive index difference distribution Δ eq (core) (z) and an equivalent core radius distribution a eq (z) of an object to be measured in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing evaluation results of a mode field diameter distribution 2W (λ, z) of an object to be measured in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 9 shows an effective nonlinear refractive index distribution n 2eff (λ, z) and an effective nonlinear constant distribution n 2eff (λ, z) / A eff (λ, It is a graph showing the evaluation result of z).
[Explanation of symbols]
21 Light intensity distribution measuring device 22 Probe light source 23 Control / arithmetic device 30 Object to be measured 31 Fibers to be measured 32 and 33 Reference fiber

Claims (3)

被測定単一モード光ファイバの、評価波長λ、伝搬方向zの位置における、実効ラマン利得率分布Creff(λ、z)と、構造不整合に起因する規格化光強度分布In(λ、z)とを評価し、両分布特性の評価結果を用い、式(1)及び式(2)の関係を満たす実効比屈折率差Δeff(λ、z)、実効断面積Aeff(λ、z)、並びに実効的なラマン利得係数greff(λ、z)の分布特性を評価することを特徴とする単一モード光ファイバの特性分布評価法。
Figure 0004082592
但し、g 0 及びg 1 はコアに特定のガラス材料が添加された単一モード光ファイバにおいて定まる光ファイバの実効的な比屈折率差分布Δ eff (λ、z)と実効的なラマン利得係数g reff (λ、z)とを関連付ける係数である。
Effective Raman gain factor distribution C reff (λ, z) at the position of evaluation wavelength λ and propagation direction z of the single-mode optical fiber to be measured, and normalized light intensity distribution I n (λ, z) and using the evaluation results of both distribution characteristics, the effective relative refractive index difference Δ eff (λ, z) and the effective area A eff (λ, z), and a distribution distribution evaluation method for an effective Raman gain coefficient g ref (λ, z).
Figure 0004082592
Here, g 0 and g 1 are an effective relative refractive index difference distribution Δ eff (λ, z) of an optical fiber and an effective Raman gain coefficient determined in a single mode optical fiber in which a specific glass material is added to the core. This is a coefficient that associates g reff (λ, z).
請求項1に記載の方法により、被測定単一モード光ファイバの実効的な比屈折率差分布Δeff(λ、z)、並びに実効断面積分布Aeff(λ、z)を評価し、式(3)及び式(4−1)及び(4−2)の関係を満足する、等価比屈折率差分布Δeq(core)(z)及びΔeq(clad)(z)と、等価コア半径分布aeq(z)とから得られる等価ステップ型屈折率分布に対して、マクスウェル解析を行うことによって、該被測定単一モード光ファイバの伝搬方向における、モードフィールド径2W(λ、z)の分布特性を算出し、式(8)及び式(9−1)及び(9−2)の関係式を用いて実効的な非線形屈折率n2eff(λ、z)並びに実効的な非線形定数n2eff/Aeff(λ、z)の分布特性を評価することを特徴とする単一モード光ファイバの特性分布評価法。
Figure 0004082592
According to the method of claim 1, the effective relative refractive index difference distribution Δ eff (λ, z) and the effective cross-sectional area distribution A eff (λ, z) of the single-mode optical fiber to be measured are evaluated. Equivalent relative refractive index difference distributions Δ eq (core) (z) and Δ eq (clad) (z) satisfying the relationship of (3) and equations (4-1) and (4-2), and an equivalent core radius By performing Maxwell analysis on the equivalent step type refractive index distribution obtained from the distribution a eq (z), the mode field diameter 2W (λ, z) in the propagation direction of the single-mode optical fiber to be measured is obtained. calculating the distribution characteristics, the formula (8) and the formula (9-1) and (9-2) using the relationship effective nonlinear refractive index n 2eff (lambda, z) effective nonlinear constant n to the parallel beauty 2eff / a eff (λ, z ) characteristic distribution evaluation of the single-mode optical fiber and evaluating the distribution characteristic of .
Figure 0004082592
所望の励起波長λpにおける励起パルス光と、所望の評価波長λにおける測定パルス光と、所望の評価波長λにおけるプローブ光と、を被測定単一モード光ファイバに入射し、前記測定パルス光を用い前記被測定単一モード光ファイバの双方向から後方散乱光強度分布を測定する手段と、該後方散乱光強度分布、前記測定パルス光、及び、前記プローブ光を用い、式(1)、式(2)、式(3)、式(4−1)、式(4−2)、式(8)、式(9−1)、及び式(9−2)の関係式を用いて、前記被測定単一モード光ファイバの伝搬方向zにおける、実効ラマン利得率Creff(λ、z)、規格化光強度In(λ、z)、実効比屈折率差Δeff(λ、z)、実効ラマン利得係数greff(λ、z)、実効断面積Aeff(λ、z)、等価比屈折率差Δeq(core)(z)及びΔeq(clad)(z)、等価コア半径aeq(z)、モードフィールド径2W(λ、z)、実効非線形屈折率n2eff(λ、z)、並びに実効非線形定数n2eff(λ、z)/Aeff(λ、z)の分布特性を演算する手段とを備えたことを特徴とする単一モード光ファイバの特性分布評価装置。
Figure 0004082592
The excitation pulse light at the desired excitation wavelength λ p , the measurement pulse light at the desired evaluation wavelength λ, and the probe light at the desired evaluation wavelength λ are incident on the single-mode optical fiber to be measured, and the measurement pulse light is It means for measuring the backscattered light intensity distribution from using two-way the measured single-mode optical fiber, the backscattered light intensity distribution, the measurement pulse light, and, using said probe light, equation (1), wherein Using the relational expressions (2), (3), (4-1), (4-2), (8), (9-1), and (9-2) , Effective Raman gain factor C ref (λ, z), normalized light intensity I n (λ, z), effective relative refractive index difference Δ eff (λ, z) in the propagation direction z of the single-mode optical fiber to be measured, effective Raman gain coefficient g reff (λ, z), effective area A eff (λ, z), an equivalent relative refractive index difference Δ eq (core) z) and Δ eq (clad) (z) , equivalent core radius a eq (z), the mode field diameter 2W (λ, z), the effective nonlinear refractive index n 2eff (λ, z), and the effective nonlinear constant n 2eff ( and a means for calculating the distribution characteristic of λ, z) / A eff (λ, z).
Figure 0004082592
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