JP4086121B2 - Photodecomposition method of volatile organic compounds by visible light or near infrared light - Google Patents
Photodecomposition method of volatile organic compounds by visible light or near infrared light Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、揮発性有機ハロゲン化合物などの揮発性有機化合物の可視光ないし近赤外光による光分解方法に関する。さらに詳しくは、本発明は改質したチタン触媒を用いて揮発性有機化合物を可視光ないし近赤外光により分解する光分解方法方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
酸化チタン触媒による有機化合物の光分解は、無害、安定、機能性などの特徴を有し、水の光分解から始まって、有機合成、排水処理などの応用研究が行われてきたが、近年とりわけ環境技術への取り組みが注目されている。
すなわち、環境に存在する種々の汚染物質、有害物質を触媒として酸化チタンを用いて光分解し、環境浄化を図ろうとするものである。しかしながら、酸化チタンは有機化合物の光分解用触媒(光触媒)として基本的に紫外光領域に光吸収帯があるところから、光触媒として使用する際には紫外線照射を必要とする。ここで紫外線よりも長波長の可視光ないし近赤外光の照射で光触媒として使用することができれば、太陽光、室内光などを極めて有効に利用でき、酸化チタン光触媒の活用性は飛躍的に拡大するものと考えられることから、これまでに酸化チタン光触媒の可視光ないし近赤外光領域での使用の可能性が様々に研究されてきた。
「酸化チタン光触媒の開発と環境エネルギー分野への応用展開」(1997年12月技術情報協会社発行)によれば、酸化チタン光触媒の可視光化は、1)有機色素の光増感作用を利用したもの、2)金属イオンのドープによるものが挙げられる。
【0003】
しかし1)の方法では色素の安定性などの問題があり、また2)の方法では、ドープしたイオンが酸化チタンの光触媒としての機能を損なうなどの問題があり、いまだに実用的な方法は開発されていない。特に、気相における高効率な可視光の利用は困難で、まだその実用化された具体的な反応例はない。
また特開平9−155160号には、揮発性有機化合物を含むガスが流通する流通路、紫外線照射手段、酸化チタンを触媒成分とする触媒手段などを具備した揮発性有機化合物の分解除去装置に関する発明が開示されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記の状況に鑑み、本発明者らは、紫外線よりも低エネルギー領域にある可視光ないし近赤外光を用いて、揮発性有機化合物の光分解反応を行うことができれば、極めて効果的に各種分野に応用できると考え、鋭意検討の結果本発明を完成した。
本発明は、揮発性有機化合物の可視光ないし近赤外光による光分解方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、酸化チタン光触媒の存在下、空気以外のガス中で改質用有機化合物を紫外光の照射により分解率60%以上まで分解させることにより酸化チタン光触媒の改質処理を行い、この改質した酸化チタン光触媒を用いて可視光ないし近赤外光の照射により揮発性有機化合物を分解することを特徴とする揮発性有機化合物の光分解方法であり、また、空気以外のガス中で改質用有機化合物を紫外光の照射により分解率60%以上まで分解させる改質処理を行って得られた改質した酸化チタン光触媒に関するものである。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の原料として使用する酸化チタン光触媒は、紫外光による光分解反応のために通常使用されているものが使用できる。酸化チタン光触媒は、これを支持体に固定化して用いることが好ましい。酸化チタンを固定化する支持体は、使用目的、用途に応じて、材質、形状、大きさを適宜選択することができる。材質としては、例えばガラス、タイル、金属、紙、プラスチックなどが挙げられ、形状、大きさとしては例えばガラス繊維などの織布あるいは不織布のようなシート状のもの、一枚の厚板、小さな断片、ビーズのような球状体、多孔質等が挙げられる。
本発明に使用する酸化チタン光触媒としては、その繊維表面に酸化チタンを含有する皮膜を形成したガラス繊維織布からなるものが好ましく用いられ、この場合の酸化チタンの量は、ガラス繊維の量に対して3〜15重量%であることが好ましい。またガラス繊維織布の厚さは0.2〜0.6mmが好適である。酸化チタンを含有する皮膜の厚さは0.2〜1.0μmが好ましい。またガラス繊維としては、公知の任意のものを使用してよい。好ましくは、平均繊維径5〜10μm程度のもので、モノフィラメントからなるヤーンを織って構成されるものがよい。
【0007】
このような酸化チタンを含有する皮膜を形成したガラス繊維織布は、例えば酸化チタン単独の触媒として使用する場合は、これを2cm角程度に裁断し、また、必要に応じて増感剤を担持させる場合は、増感剤の1mg/10ml程度の濃度のエタノール溶液を調製し、これに上記酸化チタン光触媒を浸漬することで得られる。これ以外にも、紙、吸着物質などに酸化チタンを担持してもよいことはもちろんである。上記酸化チタン光触媒は、必要に応じて触媒の活性のばらつきを無くすため、紫外線でプレ照射してもよい。
【0008】
本発明における改質用有機化合物としては次のものが挙げられる。
(1)有機ハロゲン化物として、トリクロロエチレン(TCE)、テトラクロロエチレン(PCE)、1,1,1−トリクロロエタン(MC)、ダイオキシン等
(2)アルコールとして、メタノール、エタノール等
(3)芳香族化合物として、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等
(4)アルデヒド類として、ホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド等
(5)オレフィン系炭化水素として、エチレン、プロピレン等
(6)パラフィン系炭化水素として、メタン、エタン、プロパン等
(7)窒素酸化物としてのNOx等
(8)その他の化合物として、硫化水素、メチルメルカプタン、トリメチルアミン、アンモニア、アセトン等。
これらの改質用有機化合物のうちで、TCE、PCE等の有機ハロゲン化物及びメタノール等のアルコール類を使用して改質した酸化チタン光触媒を使用することがより高効率の分解が達成され好ましい。
【0009】
本発明の光分解方法では、酸化チタン光触媒として上記の種々の形態のものを用い、改質用物質として上記の改質用有機化合物を用いて、空気以外のガス中で酸化チタン光触媒の存在下に改質用有機化合物を紫外光を含む紫外線照射手段で光照射する分解反応を行って触媒の改質処理を行い、ついでこの改質処理した酸化チタン光触媒の存在下に空気以外のガス中で、分解対象物質である揮発性有機化合物に可視光ないし近赤外光を照射し分解反応を行うものである。この改質処理における改質用有機化合物の分解率が60%以上、好ましくは95%以上に達することが必要である。この分解率が60%未満では、本発明の可視光および近赤外光による高効率な分解効果は得ることができない。ここで使用する茎以外のガスとしては、窒素、ヘリウム等の不活性ガス、水素等の還元性ガス、炭酸ガス等の生成系ガス又は酸素等が挙げられる。これらのうち、酸素、炭酸ガスが改質速度への寄与が大きく好ましい。
また、この改質処理は、1ppm〜5000ppmの濃度、好ましくは500ppm〜1500ppmの濃度の気化した改質用有機化合物に対して紫外光を照射して行う。
【0010】
本発明の方法によって分解することのできる揮発性有機化合物は、室温で揮発性の低分子有機化合物が使用できるが、好ましいものとして以下のものが挙げられる。
(1)揮発性有機ハロゲン化物として、トリクロロエチレン(TCE)、テトラクロロエチレン(PCE)、1,1,1−トリクロロエタン(MC)、ダイオキシン等
(2)揮発性アルコールとして、メタノール、エタノール等
(3)揮発性芳香族化合物として、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等
(4)アルデヒド類として、ホルムアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド等
(5)揮発性オレフィン系炭化水素として、エチレン、プロピレン等
(6)揮発性パラフィン系炭化水素として、メタン、エタン、プロパン等
(7)窒素酸化物としてのNOx等
(8)その他の化合物として、硫化水素、メチルメルカプタン、トリメチルアミン、アンモニア、アセトン等。
これらの揮発性有機化合物のうちで、TCE、PCE等の揮発性有機ハロゲン化物、メタノール等の揮発性アルコール、ホルムアルデヒド等のアルデヒド類が本発明の方法によってより高効率の分解が達成される。
分解反応は、上記のように改質した酸化チタン光触媒を配置したガラス管等の反応管中に空気又は空気以外のガスと共に分解すべき揮発性有機化合物を封入して、ここに可視光ないし近赤外光を照射して揮発性有機化合物の分解を行う。この場合、分解反応は気化した揮発性有機化合物を5000ppm以下の任意の濃度として可視光ないし近赤外光を照射して行うことができる。この分解反応は空気中はもちろん、空気以外のガス中でも行う事ができる。この分解反応に使用できる空気以外のガスとしては、前記した触媒の改質反応に使用したガスと同一のものが挙げられる。
【0011】
紫外線照射手段としては、屋外自然光、トルーライト(自然光と同じ波長の蛍光ランプ)、ブラックライト(紫外線ランプ)、メタルハライドランプ,キセノンランプなどを適宜用いることができる。
紫外線照射手段の紫外光の照度は特に制限はないが、0.5〜15万LX程度でよく、紫外線強度も同様に特に制限はないが、1〜10mW/cm2程度で良い。
この紫外線による改質処理における揮発性有機化合物の分解温度、分解速度、分解時間などの処理条件も特に制限はなく、揮発性有機化合物の分解率が60%以上、好ましくは95%以上に達すればよい。
酸化チタンには増感剤を配合することができ、その場合はシアニン色素などの増感剤が用いられる。増感剤を配合することにより、揮発性有機化合物の分解率はさらに向上する。
本発明の改質処理した酸化チタン光触媒を用いて、揮発性有機化合物を分解する場合は、可視光ないし近赤外光を照射できる照射手段を用いるが、例えば通常の蛍光ランプ、赤外線ランプなどが使用できる。使用する可視光ないし近赤外光の照度や強度には特に制限はないが、照度は200〜1000ルクス程度のものが好ましい。
以下に本発明を実施例によって説明する。
【0012】
尚、各実施例において、分解率は下記に計算式によって求め、初濃度及び反応終了後の残存濃度は,島津製作所製のGC−14型FIDガスクロマトグラフを用いて行った。
【0013】
【数1】
【0014】
【実施例】
実施例1
(増感剤を使用する酸化チタン光触媒の製造。)
酸化チタン光触媒は、ガラス繊維クロスに酸化チタンを4.8wt%(3.8mg/クロス・cm2)担持させた日本無機社製品(2cm×2cm)を使用し、色素増感剤として日本感光色素研究所製シアニン色素(NK1538)を使用した。この1mgをエタノール10mlに溶解した溶液中に、酸化チタン担持ガラス繊維クロスを5分間浸漬した後5分間ドライヤーの熱風で乾燥することにより得た。
【0015】
(1)第1回改質処理:
上記の方法で調製した酸化チタン光触媒を担持したガラス繊維クロス(2cm角)2枚を、触媒の活性のバラツキを無くすために、予め松下電器産業社製ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)を4本使用して1時間プレ照射し、次いでこれを密封できる硬質ガラス反応管に配置した。この反応管に窒素ガスを満たした後、テトラクロロエチレン(PCE)を1,424ppmの濃度で満たし、ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)4本を照射した。この結果、30分で分解率が99.7%に達した(図1:▲1▼)。
【0016】
(2)第2回改質処理:
この反応管を窒素ガスで置換した後、再度、PCEを907ppmの濃度で満たし、ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)4本を照射した。この結果、25分で分解率が99.5%に達し、本発明の酸化チタン光触媒を得た(図1:▲2▼)。
(3)PCEの分解反応:
上記(2)で得た本発明の酸化チタン光触媒を反応管に配置し、この反応管を窒素ガスで満たし、その後PCEを920ppmの濃度で満たした。次いで、松下電器産業社製の蛍光ランプFL−10G(波長:500〜600nm、10W)を4本使用して照射したところ、PCEの分解率は90分で99.4%に達した。(図1:▲3▼)
【0017】
実施例2
(1)第1回改質処理:
上記実施例1の増感剤を使用する酸化チタン光触媒の製造で調製した酸化チタン光触媒を担持したガラス繊維クロス(2cm角)2枚を、触媒の活性のバラツキを無くすために、予め松下電器産業社製ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)を4本使用して1時間プレ照射した。
次いでこれを密封できる硬質ガラス反応管に配置し、この反応管に酸素ガスを満たした後、テトラクロロエチレン(PCE)を769ppmの濃度で満たし、ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)4本を照射した。この結果、30分で分解率が99.6%に達した(図2:▲1▼)。
【0018】
(2)第2回改質処理:
この反応管を酸素ガスで置換した後、再度、PCEを926ppmの濃度で満たし、ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)4本を照射した。この結果、10分で分解率が99.2%に達し、本発明の酸化チタン光触媒を得た(図2:▲2▼)。
(3)PCEの分解反応:
上記(2)で得た本発明の酸化チタン光触媒を反応管に配置し、この反応管を酸素ガスで満たし、その後PCEを868ppmの濃度で満たした。次いで、松下電器産業社製の蛍光ランプFL−10G(波長:500〜600nm、10W)を4本使用して照射したところ、PCEの分解率は50分で99.0%に達した。(図2:▲3▼)
【0019】
実施例3
(1)第1回改質処理:
上記実施例1の増感剤を使用する酸化チタン光触媒の製造で調製した酸化チタン光触媒を担持したガラス繊維クロス(2cm角)2枚を、触媒の活性のバラツキを無くすために、予め松下電器産業社製ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)を4本使用して1時間プレ照射した。
次いでこれを密封できる硬質ガラス反応管に配置し、この反応管に水素ガスを満たした後、テトラクロロエチレン(PCE)を1,033ppmの濃度で満たし、ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)4本を照射した。この結果、30分で分解率が99.7%に達した(図3:▲1▼)。
【0020】
(2)第2回改質処理:
この反応管を水素ガスで置換した後、再度、PCEを962ppmの濃度で満たし、ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)4本を照射した。この結果、30分で分解率が99.7%に達し、本発明の酸化チタン光触媒を得た(図3:▲2▼)。
(3)PCEの分解反応:
上記(2)で得た本発明の酸化チタン光触媒を反応管に配置し、この反応管を水素ガスで満たし、その後PCEを1,003ppmの濃度で満たした。次いで、松下電器産業社製の蛍光ランプFL−10G(波長:500〜600nm、10W)を4本使用して照射したところ、PCEの分解率は180分で99.4%に達した。(図3:▲3▼)
【0021】
実施例4
(1)第1回改質処理:
上記実施例1の増感剤を使用する酸化チタン光触媒の製造で調製した酸化チタン光触媒を担持したガラス繊維クロス(2cm角)2枚を、触媒の活性のバラツキを無くすために、予め松下電器産業社製ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)を4本使用して1時間プレ照射した。
次いでこれを密封できる硬質ガラス反応管に配置し、この反応管に炭酸ガスを満たした後、テトラクロロエチレン(PCE)を978ppmの濃度で満たし、ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)4本を照射した。この結果、15分で分解率が99.8%に達した(図4:▲1▼)。
【0022】
(2)第2回改質処理:
この反応管を炭酸ガスで置換した後、再度、PCEを941ppmの濃度で満たし、ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)4本を照射した。この結果、10分で分解率が99.7%に達し、本発明の酸化チタン光触媒を得た(図4:▲2▼)。
(3)PCEの分解反応:
上記(2)で得た本発明の酸化チタン光触媒を反応管に配置し、この反応管を炭酸ガスで満たし、その後PCEを993ppmの濃度で満たした。次いで、松下電器産業社製の蛍光ランプFL−10G(波長:500〜600nm、10W)を4本使用して照射したところ、PCEの分解率は120分で99.7%に達した。(図4:▲3▼)
【0023】
実施例5
(1)第1回改質処理:
上記実施例1の増感剤を使用する酸化チタン光触媒の製造で調製した酸化チタン光触媒を担持したガラス繊維クロス(2cm角)2枚を、触媒の活性のバラツキを無くすために、予め松下電器産業社製ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)を4本使用して1時間プレ照射した。
次いでこれを密封できる硬質ガラス反応管に配置し、この反応管にヘリウムを満たした後、テトラクロロエチレン(PCE)を761ppmの濃度で満たし、ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)4本を照射した。この結果、20分で分解率が99.8%に達した(図5:▲1▼)。
【0024】
(2)第2回改質処理:
この反応管をヘリウムで置換した後、再度、PCEを903ppmの濃度で満たし、ブラックライト(FL10−BLB、10W)4本を照射した。この結果、25分で分解率が99.6%に達し、本発明の酸化チタン光触媒を得た(図5:▲2▼)。
(3)PCEの分解反応:
上記(2)で得た本発明の酸化チタン光触媒を反応管に配置し、この反応管をヘリウムで満たし、その後PCEを1,075ppmの濃度で満たした。次いで、松下電器産業社製の蛍光ランプFL−10G(波長:500〜600nm、10W)を4本使用して照射したところ、PCEの分解率は210分で99.6%に達した。(図5:▲3▼)
【0025】
比較例1
実施例1で使用した改質処理前の酸化チタン光触媒を反応管に配置した。この反応管に窒素ガスを満たした後、PCEを1,032ppmの濃度で満たし、次いで松下電器産業社製の蛍光ランプFL−10G(波長:500〜600nm、10W)を4本使用して照射したところ、PCEの分解率は210分で27.7%であった。(図1:▲4▼)
この触媒では十分なPCEの分解が達成されなかった。
【0026】
比較例2
実施例1で使用した改質処理前の酸化チタン光触媒を反応管に配置した。この反応管に酸素ガスを満たした後、PCEを786ppmの濃度で満たし、次いで松下電器産業社製の蛍光ランプFL−10G(波長:500〜600nm、10W)を4本使用して照射したところ、PCEの分解率は180分で27.6%であった。(図2:▲4▼)
この触媒では十分なPCEの分解が達成されなかった。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明の方法により、空気以外のガス中で改質用有機化合物によって改質処理した酸化チタン光触媒を用い、可視光及び可視光よりも長波長側の近赤外光を照射することによって、TCE、PCEなどの揮発性有機化合物を99%以上の高い分解率で分解することが可能となった。これは酸化チタン光触媒の応用分野を飛躍的に拡大するものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、実施例1及び比較例1の改質処理及び分解反応の分解率の変化を示すグラフである。
【図2】図2は、実施例2及び比較例2の改質処理及び分解反応の分解率の変化を示すグラフである。
【図3】図3は、実施例3の改質処理及び分解反応の分解率の変化を示すグラフである。
【図4】図4は、実施例4の改質処理及び分解反応の分解率の変化を示すグラフである。
【図5】図5は、実施例5の改質処理及び分解反応の分解率の変化を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a photodecomposition method of volatile organic compounds such as volatile organic halogen compounds by visible light or near infrared light. More particularly, the present invention relates to a photolysis method for decomposing a volatile organic compound with visible light or near infrared light using a modified titanium catalyst.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Photolysis of organic compounds with titanium oxide catalysts has characteristics such as harmlessness, stability, and functionality. Starting from photolysis of water, applied researches such as organic synthesis and wastewater treatment have been conducted. Environmental technology is attracting attention.
That is, it is intended to purify the environment by photolysis using titanium oxide with various pollutants and harmful substances present in the environment as catalysts. However, since titanium oxide basically has a light absorption band in the ultraviolet region as a photodecomposition catalyst (photocatalyst) for organic compounds, it requires ultraviolet irradiation when used as a photocatalyst. If it can be used as a photocatalyst by irradiation of visible light or near infrared light having a wavelength longer than that of ultraviolet rays, sunlight, room light, etc. can be used extremely effectively, and the utility of the titanium oxide photocatalyst is dramatically expanded. Therefore, various studies have been conducted on the possibility of using titanium oxide photocatalysts in the visible or near infrared region.
According to “Development of Titanium Oxide Photocatalyst and Application Deployment to Environmental Energy Field” (published by Technical Information Association, December 1997), the visualization of titanium oxide photocatalyst is 1) Utilizing the photosensitizing action of organic dyes And 2) by metal ion doping.
[0003]
However, the method 1) has problems such as dye stability, and the method 2) has a problem that the doped ions impair the function of titanium oxide as a photocatalyst, and practical methods are still being developed. Not. In particular, it is difficult to use high-efficiency visible light in the gas phase, and there are no practical reaction examples yet.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-155160 discloses an invention relating to an apparatus for decomposing and removing a volatile organic compound comprising a flow passage through which a gas containing a volatile organic compound flows, an ultraviolet irradiation means, a catalyst means using titanium oxide as a catalyst component, and the like. Is disclosed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above situation, the present inventors can effectively perform various kinds of photolysis reactions of volatile organic compounds using visible light or near infrared light in a lower energy region than ultraviolet rays. The present invention has been completed as a result of diligent study, considering that it can be applied to the field.
An object of the present invention is to provide a photodecomposition method for volatile organic compounds by visible light or near infrared light.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention performs a modification treatment of a titanium oxide photocatalyst by decomposing the reforming organic compound in a gas other than air in the presence of the titanium oxide photocatalyst to a decomposition rate of 60% or more by irradiation with ultraviolet light. This is a photodecomposition method for volatile organic compounds characterized by decomposing volatile organic compounds by irradiation with visible light or near infrared light using a modified titanium oxide photocatalyst, and is modified in a gas other than air. The present invention relates to a modified titanium oxide photocatalyst obtained by performing a modification treatment for decomposing a quality organic compound to a decomposition rate of 60% or more by irradiation with ultraviolet light.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As the titanium oxide photocatalyst used as a raw material of the present invention, those usually used for photodecomposition reaction by ultraviolet light can be used. The titanium oxide photocatalyst is preferably used by immobilizing it on a support. The support for immobilizing titanium oxide can be appropriately selected in material, shape, and size according to the purpose of use and application. Examples of the material include glass, tile, metal, paper, and plastic. Examples of the shape and size include a sheet-like material such as woven or non-woven fabric such as glass fiber, a single plank, and a small piece. , Spherical bodies such as beads, and porous materials.
As the titanium oxide photocatalyst used in the present invention, a glass fiber woven fabric in which a film containing titanium oxide is formed on the fiber surface is preferably used. In this case, the amount of titanium oxide is the amount of glass fiber. It is preferable that it is 3 to 15 weight% with respect to it. The thickness of the glass fiber woven fabric is preferably 0.2 to 0.6 mm. The thickness of the film containing titanium oxide is preferably 0.2 to 1.0 μm. Moreover, as a glass fiber, you may use a well-known arbitrary thing. Preferably, those having an average fiber diameter of about 5 to 10 μm and woven with monofilament yarns are preferred.
[0007]
A glass fiber woven fabric formed with such a film containing titanium oxide, for example, when used as a catalyst for titanium oxide alone, is cut into about 2 cm square and, if necessary, a sensitizer is supported. In the case of making it, it is obtained by preparing an ethanol solution having a concentration of about 1 mg / 10 ml of the sensitizer and immersing the titanium oxide photocatalyst in the ethanol solution. In addition to this, it goes without saying that titanium oxide may be supported on paper, an adsorbing substance or the like. The titanium oxide photocatalyst may be pre-irradiated with ultraviolet rays as necessary in order to eliminate variations in the activity of the catalyst.
[0008]
Examples of the modifying organic compound in the present invention include the following.
(1) As an organic halide, trichlorethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (MC), dioxin, etc. (2) alcohol, methanol, ethanol, etc. (3) aromatic compound, benzene (4) aldehydes, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, etc. (5) olefinic hydrocarbons, ethylene, propylene, etc. (6) paraffinic hydrocarbons, methane, ethane, propane, etc. (7) nitrogen oxides NO x, etc. as (8) other compounds, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, trimethylamine, ammonia, acetone.
Of these organic compounds for modification, it is preferable to use a titanium oxide photocatalyst modified with an organic halide such as TCE or PCE and an alcohol such as methanol, because more efficient decomposition is achieved.
[0009]
In the photolysis method of the present invention, the above-mentioned various forms are used as the titanium oxide photocatalyst, the above-described organic compound for reforming is used as the reforming substance, and in the presence of the titanium oxide photocatalyst in a gas other than air. The organic compound for reforming is subjected to a decomposition reaction by irradiating light with an ultraviolet irradiation means including ultraviolet light to perform a catalyst reforming treatment, and then in a gas other than air in the presence of the modified titanium oxide photocatalyst. The decomposition reaction is performed by irradiating a volatile organic compound as a decomposition target substance with visible light or near infrared light. It is necessary that the decomposition rate of the modifying organic compound in this reforming treatment reaches 60% or more, preferably 95% or more. When this decomposition rate is less than 60%, the highly efficient decomposition effect by visible light and near infrared light of the present invention cannot be obtained. Examples of gases other than the stem used here include inert gases such as nitrogen and helium, reducing gases such as hydrogen, production gases such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, and the like. Of these, oxygen and carbon dioxide are preferred because they contribute greatly to the reforming rate.
Further, this reforming treatment is performed by irradiating the vaporized organic compound for reforming having a concentration of 1 ppm to 5000 ppm, preferably 500 ppm to 1500 ppm with ultraviolet light.
[0010]
As the volatile organic compound that can be decomposed by the method of the present invention, a low-molecular organic compound that is volatile at room temperature can be used. Preferred examples thereof include the following.
(1) As volatile organic halides, trichlorethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (MC), dioxin, etc. (2) As volatile alcohols, methanol, ethanol, etc. (3) Volatile As aromatic compounds, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. (4) aldehydes, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, etc. (5) volatile olefinic hydrocarbons, ethylene, propylene, etc. (6) volatile paraffinic hydrocarbons, methane, ethane, the propane (7) NO x or the like as nitrogen oxides (8) other compounds, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, trimethylamine, ammonia, acetone.
Among these volatile organic compounds, volatile organic halides such as TCE and PCE, volatile alcohols such as methanol, and aldehydes such as formaldehyde can be decomposed more efficiently by the method of the present invention.
In the decomposition reaction, a volatile organic compound to be decomposed together with air or a gas other than air is enclosed in a reaction tube such as a glass tube in which the modified titanium oxide photocatalyst is disposed as described above, and visible light or near Irradiate infrared light to decompose volatile organic compounds. In this case, the decomposition reaction can be performed by irradiating the vaporized volatile organic compound with visible light or near infrared light at an arbitrary concentration of 5000 ppm or less. This decomposition reaction can be performed not only in air but also in gases other than air. Examples of gases other than air that can be used for this decomposition reaction include the same gases as those used for the catalyst reforming reaction.
[0011]
As the ultraviolet irradiation means, outdoor natural light, true light (fluorescent lamp having the same wavelength as natural light), black light (ultraviolet lamp), metal halide lamp, xenon lamp and the like can be used as appropriate.
The illuminance of the ultraviolet light of the ultraviolet irradiation means is not particularly limited, but may be about 0.5 to 150,000 LX, and the ultraviolet intensity is not particularly limited, but may be about 1 to 10 mW / cm 2 .
There are no particular limitations on the treatment conditions such as the decomposition temperature, decomposition rate, and decomposition time of the volatile organic compound in the modification treatment with ultraviolet rays, and the decomposition rate of the volatile organic compound reaches 60% or more, preferably 95% or more. Good.
A sensitizer can be blended with titanium oxide, and in that case, a sensitizer such as a cyanine dye is used. By blending a sensitizer, the decomposition rate of the volatile organic compound is further improved.
When the volatile organic compound is decomposed using the modified titanium oxide photocatalyst of the present invention, an irradiation means capable of irradiating visible light or near infrared light is used. For example, a normal fluorescent lamp, an infrared lamp, etc. Can be used. There is no particular limitation on the illuminance or intensity of the visible light or near infrared light used, but the illuminance is preferably about 200 to 1000 lux.
The present invention will now be described by examples.
[0012]
In each example, the decomposition rate was determined by the following equation, and the initial concentration and the residual concentration after completion of the reaction were performed using a GC-14 FID gas chromatograph manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
[0013]
[Expression 1]
[0014]
【Example】
Example 1
(Production of titanium oxide photocatalyst using sensitizer)
The titanium oxide photocatalyst uses Nippon Mineral Co., Ltd. product (2 cm × 2 cm) in which 4.8 wt% (3.8 mg / cross · cm 2 ) of titanium oxide is supported on a glass fiber cloth. A research laboratory cyanine dye (NK1538) was used. It was obtained by immersing the titanium oxide-supported glass fiber cloth in a solution obtained by dissolving 1 mg of this in 10 ml of ethanol for 5 minutes and then drying with hot air from a dryer for 5 minutes.
[0015]
(1) First reforming treatment:
In order to eliminate variations in the activity of the two glass fiber cloths (2 cm square) carrying the titanium oxide photocatalyst prepared by the above method, 4 black lights (FL10-BLB, 10W) manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. were previously used. This was pre-irradiated for 1 hour and then placed in a hard glass reaction tube that could be sealed. After filling this reaction tube with nitrogen gas, tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was filled at a concentration of 1,424 ppm, and four black lights (FL10-BLB, 10W) were irradiated. As a result, the decomposition rate reached 99.7% in 30 minutes (FIG. 1: (1)).
[0016]
(2) Second reforming treatment:
After replacing the reaction tube with nitrogen gas, PCE was filled again at a concentration of 907 ppm, and four black lights (FL10-BLB, 10W) were irradiated. As a result, the decomposition rate reached 99.5% in 25 minutes, and the titanium oxide photocatalyst of the present invention was obtained (FIG. 1: (2)).
(3) PCE decomposition reaction:
The titanium oxide photocatalyst of the present invention obtained in (2) above was placed in a reaction tube, this reaction tube was filled with nitrogen gas, and then PCE was filled at a concentration of 920 ppm. Next, when four fluorescent lamps FL-10G (wavelength: 500 to 600 nm, 10 W) manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. were used for irradiation, the PCE decomposition rate reached 99.4% in 90 minutes. (Figure 1: (3))
[0017]
Example 2
(1) First reforming treatment:
In order to eliminate variation in the activity of the catalyst, two pieces of glass fiber cloth (2 cm square) carrying the titanium oxide photocatalyst prepared in the production of the titanium oxide photocatalyst using the sensitizer of Example 1 above were previously used. Four blacklights (FL10-BLB, 10W) manufactured by the company were used and pre-irradiated for 1 hour.
This was then placed in a hard glass reaction tube that could be sealed, and after filling the reaction tube with oxygen gas, tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was filled at a concentration of 769 ppm, and four black lights (FL10-BLB, 10W) were irradiated. As a result, the decomposition rate reached 99.6% in 30 minutes (FIG. 2: (1)).
[0018]
(2) Second reforming treatment:
After the reaction tube was replaced with oxygen gas, PCE was again filled at a concentration of 926 ppm, and four black lights (FL10-BLB, 10W) were irradiated. As a result, the decomposition rate reached 99.2% in 10 minutes, and the titanium oxide photocatalyst of the present invention was obtained (FIG. 2: (2)).
(3) PCE decomposition reaction:
The titanium oxide photocatalyst of the present invention obtained in the above (2) was placed in a reaction tube, this reaction tube was filled with oxygen gas, and then PCE was filled at a concentration of 868 ppm. Subsequently, when four fluorescent lamps FL-10G (wavelength: 500-600 nm, 10 W) manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. were used for irradiation, the PCE decomposition rate reached 99.0% in 50 minutes. (Figure 2: (3))
[0019]
Example 3
(1) First reforming treatment:
In order to eliminate variation in the activity of the catalyst, two pieces of glass fiber cloth (2 cm square) carrying the titanium oxide photocatalyst prepared in the production of the titanium oxide photocatalyst using the sensitizer of Example 1 above were previously used. Four blacklights (FL10-BLB, 10W) manufactured by the company were used and pre-irradiated for 1 hour.
This was then placed in a hard glass reaction tube that could be sealed, and after filling the reaction tube with hydrogen gas, tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was filled at a concentration of 1033 ppm and irradiated with four black lights (FL10-BLB, 10W). did. As a result, the decomposition rate reached 99.7% in 30 minutes (FIG. 3: (1)).
[0020]
(2) Second reforming treatment:
After replacing the reaction tube with hydrogen gas, PCE was again filled with a concentration of 962 ppm, and four black lights (FL10-BLB, 10W) were irradiated. As a result, the decomposition rate reached 99.7% in 30 minutes, and the titanium oxide photocatalyst of the present invention was obtained (FIG. 3: (2)).
(3) PCE decomposition reaction:
The titanium oxide photocatalyst of the present invention obtained in (2) above was placed in a reaction tube, this reaction tube was filled with hydrogen gas, and then PCE was filled at a concentration of 1,003 ppm. Subsequently, when irradiation was performed using four fluorescent lamps FL-10G (wavelength: 500 to 600 nm, 10 W) manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., the decomposition rate of PCE reached 99.4% in 180 minutes. (Figure 3: (3))
[0021]
Example 4
(1) First reforming treatment:
In order to eliminate variation in the activity of the catalyst, two pieces of glass fiber cloth (2 cm square) carrying the titanium oxide photocatalyst prepared in the production of the titanium oxide photocatalyst using the sensitizer of Example 1 above were previously used. Four blacklights (FL10-BLB, 10W) manufactured by the company were used and pre-irradiated for 1 hour.
This was then placed in a hard glass reaction tube that could be sealed, and after filling the reaction tube with carbon dioxide, tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was filled at a concentration of 978 ppm, and four black lights (FL10-BLB, 10W) were irradiated. As a result, the decomposition rate reached 99.8% in 15 minutes (FIG. 4: (1)).
[0022]
(2) Second reforming treatment:
After replacing the reaction tube with carbon dioxide, PCE was filled again at a concentration of 941 ppm, and four black lights (FL10-BLB, 10W) were irradiated. As a result, the decomposition rate reached 99.7% in 10 minutes, and the titanium oxide photocatalyst of the present invention was obtained (FIG. 4: (2)).
(3) PCE decomposition reaction:
The titanium oxide photocatalyst of the present invention obtained in (2) above was placed in a reaction tube, this reaction tube was filled with carbon dioxide gas, and then PCE was filled at a concentration of 993 ppm. Next, when four fluorescent lamps FL-10G (wavelength: 500 to 600 nm, 10 W) manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. were used for irradiation, the PCE decomposition rate reached 99.7% in 120 minutes. (Figure 4: (3))
[0023]
Example 5
(1) First reforming treatment:
In order to eliminate variation in the activity of the catalyst, two pieces of glass fiber cloth (2 cm square) carrying the titanium oxide photocatalyst prepared in the production of the titanium oxide photocatalyst using the sensitizer of Example 1 above were previously used. Four blacklights (FL10-BLB, 10W) manufactured by the company were used and pre-irradiated for 1 hour.
This was then placed in a hard glass reaction tube that could be sealed, and after filling the reaction tube with helium, tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was filled at a concentration of 761 ppm, and four black lights (FL10-BLB, 10W) were irradiated. As a result, the decomposition rate reached 99.8% in 20 minutes (FIG. 5: (1)).
[0024]
(2) Second reforming treatment:
After replacing the reaction tube with helium, the PCE was again filled at a concentration of 903 ppm, and four black lights (FL10-BLB, 10W) were irradiated. As a result, the decomposition rate reached 99.6% in 25 minutes, and the titanium oxide photocatalyst of the present invention was obtained (FIG. 5: (2)).
(3) PCE decomposition reaction:
The titanium oxide photocatalyst of the present invention obtained in (2) above was placed in a reaction tube, this reaction tube was filled with helium, and then PCE was filled at a concentration of 1,075 ppm. Next, irradiation was performed using four fluorescent lamps FL-10G (wavelength: 500 to 600 nm, 10 W) manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., and the PCE decomposition rate reached 99.6% in 210 minutes. (Figure 5: (3))
[0025]
Comparative Example 1
The titanium oxide photocatalyst before reforming treatment used in Example 1 was placed in the reaction tube. After filling this reaction tube with nitrogen gas, PCE was filled at a concentration of 1032 ppm, and then irradiated with four fluorescent lamps FL-10G (wavelength: 500-600 nm, 10 W) manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. However, the PCE decomposition rate was 27.7% in 210 minutes. (Fig. 1: (4))
This catalyst did not achieve sufficient PCE decomposition.
[0026]
Comparative Example 2
The titanium oxide photocatalyst before reforming treatment used in Example 1 was placed in the reaction tube. After filling this reaction tube with oxygen gas, PCE was filled at a concentration of 786 ppm, and then irradiated using four fluorescent lamps FL-10G (wavelength: 500 to 600 nm, 10 W) manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. The decomposition rate of PCE was 27.6% in 180 minutes. (Figure 2: (4))
This catalyst did not achieve sufficient PCE decomposition.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
By using a titanium oxide photocatalyst modified with an organic compound for reforming in a gas other than air by the method of the present invention, TCE is irradiated by irradiating visible light and near infrared light having a wavelength longer than visible light. It has become possible to decompose volatile organic compounds such as PCE at a high decomposition rate of 99% or more. This greatly expands the application field of titanium oxide photocatalysts.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in the decomposition rate of the reforming process and decomposition reaction of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in the decomposition rate of the reforming process and decomposition reaction of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in the decomposition rate of the reforming process and decomposition reaction of Example 3.
4 is a graph showing changes in the decomposition rate of the reforming process and decomposition reaction of Example 4. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing changes in the decomposition rate of the reforming process and decomposition reaction of Example 5.
Claims (5)
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