JP4086287B2 - Specimen, manufacturing method and fiber testing machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a test piece, a method for producing the test piece, and a fiber testing machine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As is well known, carbon fiber has excellent mechanical properties such as light weight and high specific strength as a composite material, so demand has increased mainly in the fields of aviation, space, and sporting goods. It is well established as a material that promotes its use in a wide range of fields such as civil engineering and architecture.
[0003]
However, the strength evaluation of ultrafine fibers has not been established because there are problems in the difficulty of producing a test piece due to the fineness of the fibers, the effect of twisting of the fibers, breakage under a small load, and the like.
[0004]
Conventionally, as for the tensile test of carbon fiber, a tensile test of SiC fiber obtained by mineralization of a silicon-based blend polymer is known (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
[0005]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Outline of the Japan Institute of Metals, 1997 Spring (120th) Conference, (917) Properties of SiC fiber obtained by mineralization of silicon blend polymer.
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in consideration of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a test piece that can be reliably cut at a fiber portion between clamps separated from each other during a tensile test.
[0007]
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a test piece that can be produced by a simple method with good reproducibility.
[0008]
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a weigh scale, a beam supported and arranged on the weighing scale by a support, a load container suspended from the middle point of the beam via the test piece, and a continuous to the load container. Load measuring means for applying a load to the load, and measuring the tensile load of the fiber, which is one component of the test piece, while continuously applying the load to the load container, thereby obtaining an accurate tensile break for the fiber. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fiber tensile load tester capable of measuring a physical property value of stress inexpensively and easily.
[0009]
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a base, a balance disposed on the base, and provided with a support, a balance bar, a pendulum, and a scale, a load container suspended from one end of the balance bar, and the other end of the balance bar. A test piece fixing jig suspended through the test piece, and a plurality of magnets installed on the test piece fixing jig and the base and controlling the fibers of the test piece from the base side. By using the fact that strain is generated in the fiber of the test piece when a load is applied to the load container, the relationship between the strain of the fiber and the tensile load is obtained, so that the tensile rupture stress with an accurate value for the fiber is obtained. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fiber load / strain testing machine capable of obtaining physical property values and stress-strain curves.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The test piece according to the first invention of the present application is a test piece for obtaining a load of a fiber or a relationship between a load and a strain, and an adhesive is used from the front and the back so that the fiber is located in the center. A first clamp part made of copy paper and tissue paper fixed by sandwiching and fixing the fiber by using an adhesive from the front and rear so that the fiber is located in the center at a position apart from the first clamp part. And a second clamp unit made of copy paper and tissue paper.
[0011]
The method for producing a test piece according to the second invention of the present application includes a step of arranging fibers in a stretched state on a copy paper having an opening of a certain size, and the copy closer to the outside than the opening. A step of fixing the tissue paper on the paper by using an adhesive to sandwich the fiber from the front and back, and cutting the test paper along the copied copy paper and the tissue paper so as to leave a test piece. Forming a first clamp portion and a second clamp portion made of copy paper and tissue paper sandwiched and fixed from the front and back using adhesive.
[0012]
The fiber tensile load testing machine according to the third invention of the present application is a weighing instrument, a beam supported by the weighing scale supported by a support, and a test piece according to claim 1 at the middle point of the beam. A suspended load container and a load loading means for continuously applying a load to the test piece are provided, and a tensile load of a fiber which is one component of the test piece is measured while continuously applying a load to the test piece. It is characterized by doing.
[0013]
A fiber load / strain testing machine according to a fourth invention of the present application includes a base, a support disposed on the base, and a support bar erected on the support; A pendulum that extends vertically from the fulcrum of the balance bar to the lower side, a balance that includes a scale for observing the lateral deflection of the pendulum, a load container suspended at one end of the balance bar, and the balance rod A test piece fixing jig suspended from the end of the test piece according to claim 1 and the test piece fixing jig and the base, and controls the separation of the fiber of the test piece from the base side. A plurality of magnets are provided, and the relationship between the strain of the fiber and the tensile load is obtained by utilizing the fact that strain is generated in the fiber of the test piece when a load is applied to the load container.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
In the first invention, the fiber includes, for example, an ultrafine fiber having a diameter in the range of about 0.01 to 100 μm, but the present invention is applicable to fibers having all diameters. In addition, examples of the adhesive used for fixing the fiber between the copy paper and the tissue paper include Aron Alpha, but are not limited thereto.
[0015]
In the second invention, an opening is formed in the copy paper corresponding to the first clamp part and the second clamp part. The reason for this is to improve the workability when cutting only the copy paper and the tissue paper or the tissue paper so that the test piece remains later. However, the opening is not limited to an elliptical shape as shown in FIG. Alternatively, the tissue paper may be adhered to the copy paper in a large size from the beginning and then cut off later.
[0016]
In the third invention, the load loading means includes, for example, an injector that supplies water to the load container at a constant speed while transferring water to the fibers of the test piece. Any material that can be supplied to the container may be used. Here, the reason why the water is supplied to the load container while being transferred to the fibers is to alleviate the impact on the test piece, to prevent the test piece from twisting, and to apply a load at a constant speed.
[0017]
In a fourth aspect of the invention, the test piece fixing jig is a container in which the first magnet with the N-pole or S-pole facing the lower side is disposed, and the base side facing the test piece fixing jig And the case where the 2nd magnet is arrange | positioned in the position facing a 1st magnet so that it may attract | suck with this 1st magnet is mentioned. The number of magnets is not particularly limited as long as the separation of the fibers of the test piece from the base side can be controlled. Further, as a means for applying a load to the load container, the load may be increased by sequentially storing load pieces whose weights are known in advance in the load container, or injection as in Example 2 described later. The load may be increased while supplying water to the load container little by little using a vessel, and is not particularly limited thereto.
[0018]
【Example】
Example 1
A method for producing the test piece of Example 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.
First, a blank copy paper 2 in which an elliptical opening 1 having a major axis L was formed at a substantially central portion was prepared. Next, a carbon fiber (ultrafine fiber) 3 having a diameter of, for example, 6 μm was set on the copy paper 2 without slack. Subsequently, on the copy paper 2 including the carbon fiber 3 outside the opening 1 (upper and lower sides in the drawing), the shape is horizontal L ₁ and vertical L ₂ using an adhesive such as Aron Alpha (not shown). The rectangular tissue papers 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ were affixed, and the carbon fiber 3 was sandwiched and fixed between the copy paper 2 and the tissue papers 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ (see FIG. 1A).
[0019]
Next, the test piece was cut out along the copy paper 2 and the tissue papers 4 ₁ and 4 ₂ that were stacked (that is, along the shape of the tissue paper). Accordingly, the second clamping portion made of carbon fiber 3 first clamping portion 5 which consists of copy sheets 2 and tissue paper 4 ₁ fixed across using an adhesive from the front and back at the center, from the copy paper 2 and tissue paper 4 ₂ 6 were formed apart from each other by a certain distance to produce a test piece 7 (see FIG. 1B).
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 1B, the test piece 7 produced in this manner is sandwiched between the carbon fiber 3 and the carbon fiber 3 from the front and rear so that the carbon fiber 3 is located at the center. bonded in a fixed copy sheets 2 and tissue paper 4 ₁ first clamping portion 5 made of a carbon fiber 3 at a position spaced apart with the first clamping portion 5 from the front and back respectively to the carbon fibers 3 is located at the center and a fixed copy sheets 2 and tissue paper 4 ₂ and a second clamp portion 6 which sandwich with agent. In the tensile test, the test piece 7 could be reliably cut at the fiber portion between the first and second clamps 5 and 6 that were separated from each other.
Moreover, the above-mentioned test piece was able to be produced with a simple method and at a low cost with good reproducibility.
[0021]
(Example 2)
A fiber load tensile testing machine according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
Reference numeral 11 in the figure indicates a digital display capable weighing scale that also serves as a base. On the weighing scale 11, a beam 13 supported by two struts 12a and 12b is arranged. A load container 14 is suspended from the middle point of the beam 13 via a test piece 7 shown in FIG. Here, one first clamp portion 5 of the test piece 7 is clamped to the beam 13, and the other second clamp portion 6 is clamped to a hanging string 15 that suspends the load container 14.
[0022]
Above the load vessel 14, an injector (load load means) 17 that can supply water 16 through the carbon fiber 3 of the test piece 7 to the load vessel 14 at a constant speed is disposed. The injector 17 is connected to a leveler 19 that maintains the same level as the water level in the drawing device via a tube 18. A support 20 is connected to the level 19.
[0023]
As described above, the load tensile testing machine for the fiber according to Example 2 includes the weigh scale 11, the beam 13 supported on the weigh scale 11 by the support columns 12 a and 12 b, and the midpoint of the beam 13. The load container 14 is suspended through the test piece 7, and the injector 17 is configured to continuously supply water 15 at a constant speed to the load container 14 to apply a load. In such a testing machine, water can be supplied to the load container 14 at a constant speed while the water 15 is transmitted from the injector 17 to the carbon fiber 3 of the test piece 7, and thus the load is continuously applied to the test piece 7. The tensile load of the fiber which is one constituent of the test piece is measured.
[0024]
That is, in the above tester, the tensile breaking load of the fiber itself is accurately measured by relaxing the twist of the ultrafine fiber 3 by supporting the load container 14 at a point and minimizing the chuck breakage. The tensile breaking stress can be measured easily and inexpensively.
[0025]
In fact, when the relationship between the breaking rate and tensile breaking stress of TORAYCA M30SC (trade name, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) measured by the JIS test method and M30SC measured by the load tensile tester shown in FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. Results were obtained. As shown in FIG. 4, the original tensile strength test is performed by reducing the twisting compared to a general tensile test evaluation with a very fine single fiber, thereby obtaining the original high strength characteristics and obtaining a high fracture strength value. Turned out to be.
[0026]
In the second embodiment, the case where the trading card M30SC is applied to the test piece is described. However, if the wire is a thin wire, the change in fracture strength can be evaluated freely from gold to carbon fiber. FIG. 5 shows product names manufactured by ASAHI Co., Ltd .: ASAHI carbon fiber (φ6 μm), product names manufactured by Toray Co., Ltd .: trading card T800 (φ6 μm), M30SC (φ6 μm), glass fiber manufactured by Nittobo Co., Ltd. FIG. 11 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the fracture rate and the tensile fracture stress in a gold wire (φ5 μm) manufactured by Nilaco Corporation (φ11 μm).
[0027]
(Example 3)
A fiber load / strain testing machine according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, FIG. 3A is an overall view of the load / strain testing machine, and FIG. 3B is an explanatory view showing an arrangement state of magnets described later. The same members as those in FIG. 1 and FIG.
[0028]
Reference numeral 21 in the figure indicates a base on which a weighing meter 22 and a magnet to be described later are installed. A balance 23 is disposed on the base 21. Here, the balance 23 is composed of a support column 24 erected on the base 21, a balance rod 25 supported on the support column 24 so as to rotate in the direction of arrow X, and a fulcrum P of the balance rod 25. A pendulum 26 that extends vertically in the lower direction and a scale 27 disposed at the lower end of the support column 25 are provided for observing the lateral swing of the pendulum 26.
[0029]
The balance rod 25 is provided with a frame-shaped support member 41, and the load container 14 is suspended from one end of the support member 41 via a fiber yarn 28. The load container 14 accommodates a load piece (not shown) whose weight is known in advance. A test piece fixing jig 29 is suspended from the other end of the balance rod 25 via the test piece 7. Here, the first clamp portion 5 of the test piece 7 is clamped at the other end of the balance rod 25, and the second clamp portion 6 is clamped to a suspension string 30 that suspends the test piece fixing jig 29.
[0030]
A plurality of magnets 31 are arranged inside the container-shaped test piece fixing jig 29 with the south pole facing downward. Also, as shown in FIG. 3B, a plurality of magnets 32 are arranged with the north pole facing upward, as shown in FIG. These magnets 31 and 32 suppress the separation of the carbon fiber 3 of the test piece 7 from the base side.
[0031]
As described above, the fiber load / strain testing machine according to the third embodiment includes the base 21, the support 24, the balance rod 25, the pendulum 26, and the scale 27 arranged on the base 21 and supported by the support 24. , A load container 22 suspended from one end of the balance rod 25, a test piece fixing jig 29 suspended from the other end of the balance rod 25 via a test piece 7, and the test piece The fixing jig 29 and the base 22 are provided, and a plurality of magnets 31 and 32 for controlling the glass fiber 3 of the test piece 7 from the base side are provided. Such a tester utilizes the fact that distortion is generated in the carbon fiber 3 of the test piece 7 by applying a load to the load container 28. That is, when strain occurs in the test piece 7, the pendulum 26 fixed to the balance 23 is tilted. Therefore, the tilt is obtained from the scale 27, and the relationship between the strain of the carbon fiber 3 and the tensile load can be obtained. Therefore, the strain amount of the carbon fiber 3 can be measured accurately and inexpensively.
[0032]
In fact, when an ASAHI carbon fiber was used as the ultrafine fiber of the test piece and the relationship between stress and strain was determined by the testing machine shown in FIG. 3, the characteristic diagram shown in FIG. 6 was obtained.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a test piece that can be reliably cut at a fiber portion between clamps separated from each other during a tensile test.
In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for producing a test piece that can be produced by a simple method with good reproducibility.
Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fiber tensile load tester capable of measuring a physical property value of an accurate tensile rupture stress at a low cost and simply with respect to the fiber.
[0034]
Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fiber load / strain testing machine capable of obtaining an accurate physical property value of tensile rupture stress and a stress-strain curve for a fiber.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a test piece according to Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a fiber tensile load testing machine according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a fiber load / strain testing machine according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the fracture rate and tensile fracture stress when various test pieces are used.
FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the fracture rate and tensile fracture stress of a test piece measured according to the JIS test method and the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing a relationship between strain and stress of a carbon filter.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... opening,
2. Copy paper,
3. Carbon fiber,
4 ₁ , 4 ₂ ... tissue paper,
5, 6 ... Clamp part,
7 ... Specimen,
11, 22, ... weigh scales,
12a, 12b, 24 ... struts,
13 ... Beam,
14 ... load container,
17 ... injector (loading means),
21 ... Base,
23 ... Balance,
25 ... Balance rod,
26 ... Pendulum,
27 ... Scale,
31, 32 ... Magnets.

Claims (6)

It is a test piece for obtaining the load of fiber or the relationship between load and strain,
A first clamp part made of copy paper and tissue paper, which is fixed by sandwiching the fiber from the front and rear with an adhesive so that the fiber is located at the center, and the fiber at a position apart from the first clamp part. A test piece comprising: a second clamp portion made of copy paper and tissue paper, which are fixed by being sandwiched with an adhesive from the front and rear so that the fiber is located in the center. A step of disposing fibers in a stretched state on a copy paper having an opening of a certain size; a copy paper using an adhesive on the copy paper closer to the outside than the opening; And a step of fixing the fiber by sandwiching it from the front and back, a copy paper in which the test piece is cut out so as to leave a test piece along the stacked copy paper and tissue paper, and the fiber is fixed by sandwiching the fiber from the front and rear using an adhesive. And a step of forming first and second clamp parts made of tissue paper. A weigh scale; a beam supported by the weighing scale supported by a support; a load container suspended from the midpoint of the beam via the test piece according to claim 1; and continuously to the test piece A fiber tensile load testing machine comprising load loading means for applying a load, and measuring a tensile load of a fiber which is one component of the test piece while continuously applying a load to the test piece. 4. The fiber tensile load tester according to claim 3, wherein the load loading means is an injector for supplying water to the load container at a constant speed while transferring water to the fiber of the test piece. A base, a support column arranged on the base and standing on the base; a balance rod pivotally supported on the upper portion of the support column; a pendulum extending vertically from the fulcrum of the balance rod toward the lower portion; and the pendulum A balance provided with a scale for observing lateral vibration of the balance, a load container suspended at one end of the balance rod, and suspended at the other end of the balance rod via the test piece according to claim 1 By providing a test piece fixing jig and a plurality of magnets that are installed on the test piece fixing jig and the base and control the fibers of the test piece from the base side, and applying a load to the load container A fiber load / strain testing machine characterized in that a relationship between a strain of a fiber and a tensile load is obtained by utilizing the occurrence of strain in the fiber of a test piece. The test piece fixing jig is a container in which a first magnet having an N-pole or an S-pole facing the lower side is disposed, and on the base side facing the test piece fixing jig and the first magnet 6. The fiber load / strain testing machine according to claim 5, wherein a second magnet is arranged at a position facing the magnet so as to attract the first magnet.

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