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JP4090596B2 - Measuring electrode and waste disposal site - Google Patents
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JP4090596B2 - Measuring electrode and waste disposal site - Google Patents

Measuring electrode and waste disposal site Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4090596B2
JP4090596B2 JP30309798A JP30309798A JP4090596B2 JP 4090596 B2 JP4090596 B2 JP 4090596B2 JP 30309798 A JP30309798 A JP 30309798A JP 30309798 A JP30309798 A JP 30309798A JP 4090596 B2 JP4090596 B2 JP 4090596B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
sheet
waste disposal
electrode
measurement
water shielding
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JP30309798A
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JP2000065669A (en
Inventor
滋夫 上田
裕次 小西
三代 上久保
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Taiyo Kogyo Co Ltd
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Taiyo Kogyo Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、廃棄物処分場の遮水シート損傷検出システムに関し、特にはそのシステムに含まれ、その地点の電位を検出する測定用電極に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
廃棄物処分場は地表を適度な深さに掘り下げて形成されるのが一般で、その底から順に廃棄物を埋め立てるようになっている。このような廃棄物処分場においては、汚水が周囲の地中に拡散するのを防止するために、その底面及び法面に遮水シートを施す。遮水シートには一般に電気絶縁性の高い合成樹脂シートやゴムシートが用いられる。このような遮水シートは、廃棄物処分場の建設工事の際や廃棄物の埋め立ての際に損傷する可能性があり、また廃棄物処分場に侵入する鳥獣により損傷を受ける可能性もある。そして僅かな損傷でもそこから廃棄物処分場内の汚水が漏れ出し、遮水の目的を損なう。そのため遮水シート損傷検知システムを設置し、もし遮水シートに損傷を生じた場合には、この遮水シート損傷検知システムにより損傷の発生とその部位を検知し、速やかに補修などの手当てをするようにしている。
【0003】
その遮水シート損傷検知システムは、電気探査の技術を応用しており、例えば2極方式や3極方式などが用いられている(例えば特公平6−63901号公報)。具体的には、遮水シートの内部と外部に電界を形成する給電用電極を設けると共に、遮水シート外側の電位を計測するための電極を遮水シート外側面に沿って網目状に配置し、各電極によってモニタリングされた各点の電位に基づいて遮水シート外部の等電位線を求めることにより、電位のピークにある遮水シート損傷位置を決定するという手段が採られている。
【0004】
この遮水シート損傷検知システムを適切に機能させるには、電極によって得られる上記等電位線をできる限り正確なものにする必要があり、そのためには、電極による電位測定を極限まで正確に行う必要がある。
【0005】
しかしながら、従来用いられていた銅製、ステンレス製などを平面的に形成してなる電極によって、常に十分正確な電位測定値を得られているとは言い難い現状がある。即ち、このような金属製の電極は、長期間土中に埋設されている間に発錆、化学物質付着などの経年劣化を生じる場合があり、これに起因する抵抗値の変化により電位の測定値にバラツキが出がちである。従ってこの遮水シート損傷検知システムでは、電位測定値の誤差を除去するソフトを用いることが多くなされているが、この技術も測定した電位のデータを事後的に修正するものに過ぎず、問題の根本的な解決にはつながっていない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明は、上記のような抵抗値に関する経年劣化の生じない電極を提供することをその主たる目的とすると共に、それを応用した廃棄物処分場をも併せて提供せんとするものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するための本発明による測定用電極は、カーボンブラックを混入した樹脂からなる線状電極を渦状に巻き込むことにより略平面状に形成してなる。この測定用電極はカーボンブラックを混入させた樹脂からなるので、従来の金属電極にありがちであった発錆などが生じる余地がなく、経年劣化が発生しないものとなる。
【0008】
また、この測定用電極は、線状電極を渦状に巻き込んで形成した略平面状の部分を備えているので、従来利用していた金属製の平面電極と同様の方法で使用できる。また、この測定用電極では、カーボンブラックの混入量と、渦状に形成される部分における巻き方の密度などによって、従来の金属電極と略同一の抵抗特性を得ることができる。従って、この測定用電極は、経年劣化がないという優れた特性を備えながらも、従来の金属電極と同様に扱うことが可能であり、長年に渡って蓄積してきた従来のノウハウを応用できるものである点でも好ましい特性を備えている。
【0009】
上記測定用電極形成用の樹脂としては、ポリエチレンを用いることができるが、特にこれに制限されることはなく、例えばポリプロピレンなどを使用することができる。また、樹脂に混入させるカーボンブラックの量は、樹脂を線状にした場合の抵抗値が金属抵抗の抵抗値と同様となるように調整すれば良いが、一般的には2〜10重量%程度のカーボンブラックを混入させるのが良い。
【0010】
また、上記測定用電極を形成する線状電極の内部には、金属製の芯材を設けるのが好ましい。これは、樹脂に混入するカーボンブラックの量を多くしていくと線状電極の強度に影響が出ることがあり、カーボンブラックと樹脂のみの組み合わせでは、導電性と抵抗の双方を好ましい範囲に収めるのに困難があるということを考慮したものである。つまり外部に露出しない金属製の芯材を用いれば、導電性、線材強度の双方を十分に確保できるようになるので、上記測定用電極応用の幅が更に広がることになる。この場合の芯材としては様々なものが考えられるが、例えば導電性を増したい場合には銅製とすることができ、強度を増したい場合には鉄製とすることができる。尚、この芯材を複数本の金属線の束とすることも可能であり、その金属線の束を2種以上の金属線からなるものとすることも勿論可能である。
【0011】
以上で説明した測定用電極は、上述のように、従来の金属製電極と同様に廃棄物処分場の内部で利用できる。ところで、環境問題に対する意識の高まりは廃棄物処分場の更なる遮水性向上を要求するに至っており、これに応えるため、近年では、廃棄物処分場の内側面全面を覆う遮水シートを2重にして布設する場合が増えてきている。このような廃棄物処分場では、2つの遮水シートを挟むようにしてその内外に供給用電極を配すると共に、2重にした遮水シートの間に電界形成用の導電性シートを布設し、この導電性シートに沿うようにして測定用電極を網目状に配置することが必要となる。本願出願人の研究によれば、以上で説明した樹脂を用いる測定用電極は、この2重に布設された遮水シートを備える廃棄物処分場とも相性が良いということが明らかになった。特に、樹脂を用いて形成された測定用電極と、導電性繊維の混入率を1〜10%とし、その抵抗値を10〜10Ω・cmのオーダーとした不織布により形成した導電層とを組み合わせた場合には、測定される値の誤差が非常に小さくできるということがわかった。従って、このような廃棄物処分場は、漏水の可能性が非常に少なく、また仮に漏水が生じた場合にはその位置の正確な特定を行えるものであり、その点で非常に優れた特性を有している。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明による廃棄物処分場及び測定用電極の一実施形態を、添付の図1及び図2を参照して説明する。図1は、一実施形態における廃棄物処分場の断面を模式的に示したものである。
【0013】
この実施形態の廃棄物処分場は、地表から数〜十数mの深さに掘り下げた穴として形成される。そして、その底面と法面には、遮水層1を設け、更にその上に覆土層3を設けている。遮水層1は、不織布2を敷き詰めた上に合成樹脂製やゴム製の電気絶縁性を有する遮水シート4を重ねて敷き詰めることで形成する。この廃棄物処分場では、遮水シート4を上遮水シート4u及び下遮水シート4dの2枚から構成することで、遮水シートに関する2重構造を採用している。また、上下遮水シート4u、4dの間には、不織布に3%の導電性繊維を混入してなる導電性シート5が布設されている。尚、この廃棄物処分場は、図示せぬ散水設備を備えており、これにより上記覆土層3に対して必要に応じた散水を行えるようになっている。
【0014】
また、この廃棄物処分場は、遮水シート4についての損傷検知システムを備えている。この実施形態における損傷検知システムは、3極方式であり、測定系と給電系から構成されている。測定系は、上遮水シート4uと導電性シート5との間で前記導電性シートの上側に沿って網目状として配した多数の測定用電極6、6……と、これら各測定電極6、6……と接続され、各測定電極6、6……から送られる電位についての信号を処理する処理装置7からなる。給電系は、廃棄物処分場の内部に設置する給電用の電極8、廃棄物処分場の外部に設置する給電用の電極9、9それに定電流源10からなる。
【0015】
各測定用電極6,6……は、図2の拡大図に示したようなものである。即ちこの測定電極6,6……は、1本の銅線11及び2本の鉄線12からなる芯部13と、6%のカーボンブラックが混入されたポリエチレンとされ前記芯部13を被覆するようにされた被覆層14とにより線状電極を形成し、その先端を渦状に巻き込むことで略平面状にしたものである。
【0016】
尚、この測定電極の特性を以下に示す。
【表1】
比重 1.050 kg/m
可耐張力 12 kpa
伸び 100 %
線状電極の直径 4.0 mm
抵抗値 10 Ω・cm
渦状にされた部分の直径 85 mm
【0017】
このような構造の廃棄物処分場において、その遮水シート4の損傷の有無を検査するには、上記の状態で給電用の電極8と電極9とに電流源10から電流を流す。もし絶縁性の遮水シート4に損傷があると、そこからの漏水などに伴って電流が流れ、このためにその周囲の電位が変化する。この電位の差分は、測定用電極6、6……を介して処理装置7に送られる。処理装置7では、所定のプログラムに基づいて測定用電極6、6……からの信号を解析することによって等電位線のマップを形成し、これに基づいて遮水シート4の損傷位置と重なる電位ピークの位置を求める。
【0018】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、樹脂及びカーボンブラックを基本とする本発明の測定用電極によれば、経年的劣化がないという特性により、常に安定した正確な電位測定が可能となる。また、この測定電極に金属製の芯材を含めれば、カーボンブラックのみでは困難な強度や導電性に関する調整も可能となり、特に従来の金属電極と同様の特性を得られるような調整を行ったときには、従来技術をそのまま流用できるようになるので便利である。また、この測定用電極は、遮水シートを2重にした廃棄物処分場とも相性が良く、特に導電性繊維の混入率を1〜10%とした不織布により導電層との組み合わせを行った場合には、電位計測を行った場合の誤差を非常に小さく抑えられる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】第1の実施形態による廃棄物処分場の模式化した断面図。
【図2】図1で示した廃棄物処分場に用いられる測定用電極を示す平面図。
【符号の説明】
1 遮水層
3 覆土層
4 遮水シート
5 導電性シート
6 測定用電極
7 処理装置
8 給電用電極
9 給電用電極
11 銅線
12 鉄線
13 芯材
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water shielding sheet damage detection system for a waste disposal site, and more particularly to a measurement electrode that is included in the system and detects the potential at that point.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A waste disposal site is generally formed by digging down the surface to an appropriate depth, and waste is landfilled in order from the bottom. In such a waste disposal site, in order to prevent sewage from diffusing into the surrounding ground, a water shielding sheet is applied to the bottom surface and the slope. Generally, a synthetic resin sheet or a rubber sheet having high electrical insulation is used as the water shielding sheet. Such a water shielding sheet may be damaged during the construction of the waste disposal site or when the waste is landfilled, and may be damaged by birds and animals entering the waste disposal site. And even with slight damage, the sewage in the waste disposal site leaks out from there and impairs the purpose of water shielding. For this reason, a water-blocking sheet damage detection system is installed, and if the water-blocking sheet is damaged, the water-blocking sheet damage detection system detects the occurrence of the damage and its location, and promptly repairs it. I am doing so.
[0003]
The water shielding sheet damage detection system applies an electric exploration technique, and for example, a two-pole system or a three-pole system is used (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-63901). Specifically, power feeding electrodes that form an electric field are provided inside and outside the water shielding sheet, and electrodes for measuring the potential outside the water shielding sheet are arranged in a mesh pattern along the outer surface of the water shielding sheet. Then, a means is adopted in which an equipotential line outside the water shielding sheet is obtained based on the potential at each point monitored by each electrode, thereby determining the water shielding sheet damage position at the potential peak.
[0004]
In order for this waterproof sheet damage detection system to function properly, it is necessary to make the equipotential lines obtained by the electrodes as accurate as possible. To that end, it is necessary to accurately measure the potential by the electrodes to the limit. There is.
[0005]
However, it is difficult to say that a sufficiently accurate potential measurement value can always be obtained by a conventionally formed electrode made of copper, stainless steel or the like in a planar manner. That is, such a metal electrode may cause aging deterioration such as rusting and adhesion of chemical substances while being buried in the soil for a long period of time. The value tends to vary. Therefore, in this impermeable sheet damage detection system, software that removes the error of the potential measurement value is often used, but this technique is also only a correction of the measured potential data afterwards, and there is a problem. It has not led to a fundamental solution.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, the present invention aims to provide an electrode that does not cause aging deterioration with respect to the resistance value as described above, and also provides a waste disposal site to which the electrode is applied. .
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The measurement electrode according to the present invention for solving the above problems is formed in a substantially planar shape by winding a linear electrode made of a resin mixed with carbon black in a spiral shape. Since this measurement electrode is made of a resin mixed with carbon black, there is no room for rusting or the like, which is common in conventional metal electrodes, and no aging deterioration occurs.
[0008]
In addition, since this measuring electrode includes a substantially planar portion formed by winding a linear electrode in a spiral shape, it can be used in the same manner as a conventionally used metallic planar electrode. In addition, in this measurement electrode, substantially the same resistance characteristic as that of a conventional metal electrode can be obtained depending on the amount of carbon black mixed in and the density of winding in the portion formed in a spiral shape. Therefore, this measurement electrode can be handled in the same way as a conventional metal electrode while having excellent characteristics that it does not deteriorate over time, and can apply the conventional know-how accumulated over many years. Some aspects have favorable characteristics.
[0009]
As the resin for forming the measurement electrode, polyethylene can be used, but is not particularly limited thereto. For example, polypropylene or the like can be used. The amount of carbon black mixed in the resin may be adjusted so that the resistance value when the resin is linear is the same as the resistance value of the metal resistance, but generally about 2 to 10% by weight. It is better to mix in carbon black.
[0010]
Moreover, it is preferable to provide a metal core inside the linear electrode forming the measurement electrode. This is because if the amount of carbon black mixed in the resin is increased, the strength of the linear electrode may be affected, and the combination of carbon black and resin alone will keep both conductivity and resistance within the preferred range. It takes into account that there are difficulties. That is, if a metal core material that is not exposed to the outside is used, both the conductivity and the wire strength can be sufficiently ensured, and the range of application of the measurement electrode is further expanded. Various core materials are conceivable in this case. For example, when it is desired to increase the conductivity, it can be made of copper, and when it is desired to increase the strength, it can be made of iron. The core material can be a bundle of a plurality of metal wires, and the bundle of metal wires can of course be made of two or more kinds of metal wires.
[0011]
As described above, the measurement electrode described above can be used inside a waste disposal site in the same manner as a conventional metal electrode. By the way, the growing awareness of environmental issues has led to demand for further improvement in water shielding of waste disposal sites. In recent years, double layers of water shielding sheets covering the entire inner surface of waste disposal sites have been used. The number of laying is increasing. In such a waste disposal site, supply electrodes are arranged on the inside and outside of the two water shielding sheets, and a conductive sheet for forming an electric field is laid between the double water shielding sheets. It is necessary to arrange the measurement electrodes in a mesh pattern along the conductive sheet. According to the research of the applicant of the present application, it has been clarified that the measurement electrode using the resin described above is compatible with the waste disposal site including the double-laid waterproof sheet. In particular, a measurement electrode formed using a resin, a conductive layer formed of a non-woven fabric having a conductive fiber mixing ratio of 1 to 10% and a resistance value of the order of 10 5 to 10 6 Ω · cm, It has been found that the error of the measured value can be made very small when combining. Therefore, such a waste disposal site has a very low possibility of water leakage, and if water leakage occurs, the location can be accurately identified. Have.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of a waste disposal site and a measurement electrode according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross section of a waste disposal site in one embodiment.
[0013]
The waste disposal site of this embodiment is formed as a hole dug down to a depth of several to several tens of meters from the ground surface. And the water-impervious layer 1 is provided in the bottom face and the slope, and also the cover soil layer 3 is provided on it. The water-impervious layer 1 is formed by spreading a nonwoven fabric 2 on a synthetic resin or rubber and having a water-impervious sheet 4 having electrical insulation. In this waste disposal site, the water-impervious sheet 4 is composed of two sheets, an upper water-impervious sheet 4u and a lower water-impervious sheet 4d, thereby adopting a double structure related to the water-impervious sheet. Moreover, between the upper and lower water-impervious sheets 4u and 4d, a conductive sheet 5 in which 3% of conductive fibers are mixed in a nonwoven fabric is laid. In addition, this waste disposal site is equipped with a watering facility (not shown) so that the soil covering layer 3 can be watered as necessary.
[0014]
Further, this waste disposal site is provided with a damage detection system for the water shielding sheet 4. The damage detection system in this embodiment is a three-pole system, and includes a measurement system and a power feeding system. The measurement system includes a large number of measurement electrodes 6, 6... Arranged between the upper water-impervious sheet 4u and the conductive sheet 5 along the upper side of the conductive sheet. 6... And a processing device 7 for processing a signal regarding the potential sent from each measurement electrode 6, 6. The power supply system includes a power supply electrode 8 installed inside the waste disposal site, power supply electrodes 9 and 9 installed outside the waste disposal site, and a constant current source 10.
[0015]
Each of the measurement electrodes 6, 6... Is as shown in the enlarged view of FIG. That is, the measurement electrodes 6, 6... Are made of a core portion 13 composed of one copper wire 11 and two iron wires 12 and polyethylene mixed with 6% carbon black so as to cover the core portion 13. A linear electrode is formed with the coating layer 14 formed, and its tip is wound into a spiral shape to make it substantially planar.
[0016]
The characteristics of this measurement electrode are shown below.
[Table 1]
Specific gravity 1.050 kg / m 3
Tensile strength 12 kpa
Elongation 100%
Diameter of linear electrode 4.0 mm
Resistance value 10 6 Ω · cm
Diameter of the vortexed part 85 mm
[0017]
In the waste disposal site having such a structure, in order to inspect whether or not the water shielding sheet 4 is damaged, a current is supplied from the current source 10 to the power supply electrode 8 and the electrode 9 in the above state. If the insulating water-impervious sheet 4 is damaged, a current flows with water leaking from the sheet, and the surrounding potential changes accordingly. This potential difference is sent to the processing device 7 via the measurement electrodes 6, 6. The processing device 7 forms a map of equipotential lines by analyzing the signals from the measurement electrodes 6, 6... Based on a predetermined program, and based on this, the potential overlapping with the damaged position of the water shielding sheet 4 is formed. Find the peak position.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the measurement electrode of the present invention based on resin and carbon black, stable and accurate potential measurement is always possible due to the characteristic that there is no deterioration over time. In addition, if a metal core is included in the measurement electrode, it is possible to make adjustments for strength and conductivity that are difficult with carbon black alone, especially when adjustments are made to obtain the same characteristics as conventional metal electrodes. This is convenient because the conventional technology can be used as it is. In addition, this measurement electrode has good compatibility with a waste disposal site with double water-proof sheets, especially when combined with a conductive layer with a nonwoven fabric with a conductive fiber mixing rate of 1 to 10% In this case, the error when the potential measurement is performed can be suppressed very small.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waste disposal site according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing an electrode for measurement used in the waste disposal site shown in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water shielding layer 3 Soil covering layer 4 Water shielding sheet 5 Conductive sheet 6 Measuring electrode 7 Processing device 8 Power feeding electrode 9 Power feeding electrode 11 Copper wire 12 Iron wire 13 Core material

Claims (6)

カーボンブラックを混入した樹脂からなる線状電極を渦状に巻き込むことにより略平面状に形成してなる測定用電極。  A measurement electrode formed by winding a linear electrode made of a resin mixed with carbon black into a spiral shape. 金属製の芯材を備える請求項1に記載の測定用電極。  The measurement electrode according to claim 1, comprising a metal core. 芯材は、銅線及び/又は鉄線である請求項2記載の測定用電極。  The measurement electrode according to claim 2, wherein the core material is a copper wire and / or an iron wire. 線状電極の抵抗値は、10〜10Ω・cmのオーダーである請求項1〜請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の測定用電極。The measurement electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the resistance value of the linear electrode is on the order of 10 5 to 10 6 Ω · cm. その内側面全面を覆うようにして布設された遮水シートと、前記遮水シートの内外に配された供給用電極と、前記遮水シートに沿って配された電界形成用の導電性シートと、及び前記導電性シートに沿って所定間隔で配置された多数の測定電極とを備える廃棄物処分場であって、測定用電極として請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の測定用電極を用いるものである廃棄物処分場。A water shielding sheet laid so as to cover the entire inner surface, a supply electrode disposed inside and outside the water shielding sheet, and an electric field forming conductive sheet disposed along the water shielding sheet; and a waste disposal site and a plurality of measuring electrodes arranged at predetermined intervals along the conductive sheet, for measurement according to any one of claims 1 to 4 as the measurement electrode Waste disposal site that uses electrodes. その内側面全面を覆うようにして2重に布設された遮水シートと、前記2重に布設された遮水シートの間に布設された導電性シートと、前記遮水シートの内外に配された供給用電極と、前記遮水シートに沿って配された電界形成用の導電性シートと、及び前記導電性シートに沿って所定間隔で配置された多数の測定電極とを備える廃棄物処分場であって、測定用電極として請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の測定用電極を用いると共に、導電性シートを導電性繊維の混入率が1〜10%とされた不織布により形成した廃棄物処分場。A water shielding sheet laid in a double manner so as to cover the entire inner surface, a conductive sheet laid between the double laid water shielding sheets, and the inside and outside of the water shielding sheet. and a supply electrode, and the conductive sheet for electric field arranged along said water shield sheet, and waste disposal comprising a multiplicity of measurement electrodes arranged at predetermined intervals along the conductive sheet The measurement electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is used as a measurement electrode, and the conductive sheet is formed of a non-woven fabric having a conductive fiber mixing rate of 1 to 10%. Waste disposal site.
JP30309798A 1998-06-09 1998-10-23 Measuring electrode and waste disposal site Expired - Fee Related JP4090596B2 (en)

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