JP4091136B2 - Immunostimulator - Google Patents
Immunostimulator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4091136B2 JP4091136B2 JP00651997A JP651997A JP4091136B2 JP 4091136 B2 JP4091136 B2 JP 4091136B2 JP 00651997 A JP00651997 A JP 00651997A JP 651997 A JP651997 A JP 651997A JP 4091136 B2 JP4091136 B2 JP 4091136B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- curdlan
- hydrolyzate
- lymphocytes
- degradation product
- enzyme
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920002558 Curdlan Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000001879 Curdlan Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229940078035 curdlan Drugs 0.000 claims description 38
- 235000019316 curdlan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 38
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000003308 immunostimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960001438 immunostimulant agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003022 immunostimulating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000139 costimulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000763602 Manilkara zapota Thaumatin-like protein 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
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- 101000966653 Musa acuminata Glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
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- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 18
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
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- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010062580 Concanavalin A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090001090 Lectins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004856 Lectins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
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- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBWRJAOOMGASJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,5-diphenyl-1h-tetrazol-1-ium-2-yl)-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazole;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].S1C(C)=C(C)N=C1N1N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)N=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)[NH2+]1 NBWRJAOOMGASJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZKSAVLVSZKNRD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].S1C(C)=C(C)N=C1[N+]1=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN1C1=CC=CC=C1 AZKSAVLVSZKNRD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、副作用がない、食品の他、飼料および餌料にも、利用可能な免疫賦活剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
生体内の免疫系は、細菌、酵母、カビ、ウイルスなどの微生物による感染や、腫瘍に対する防御に重要な役割を果しており、その主要な機構は、Tリンパ球およびBリンパ球が、これらの微生物や腫瘍を、抗原受容体を介して認識することにより刺激を受け、抗原特異的に活性化し、これらの異物を排除する能力を高めることである。常に微生物に曝され、また、細胞が変異している生体内では、こうしたTリンパ球およびBリンパ球の活性化は常時起こっている。また、抗原特異的な活性化の他に、Tリンパ球およびBリンパ球の活性化には、菌体成分やレクチン等を認識する受容体を介する抗原非特異的な活性化がある。
抗原特異的および抗原非特異的のいずれの活性化においても、他からの刺激、すなわち、共刺激が加わるとTリンパ球およびBリンパ球の活性化はさらに促進される。
現在の免疫賦活剤は、免疫担当細胞を非特異的に活性化することにより、微生物感染、腫瘍に対する生体の防御機構を高めているが、有効性において満足しうるものは少なくまた、これらの免疫賦活剤は、単独で免疫担当細胞を活性化するため、生体にとって好ましくない免疫応答を誘導し、種々のアレルギー反応の増悪をはじめとする副作用を引き起こす。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、免疫賦活作用が高く、さらに他の免疫賦活物質と併用することにより、より強い免疫賦活作用を示し、副作用がなく食品の他、飼料および餌料にも利用可能な免疫賦活剤を提供することを目的とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、糖類および免疫に関する研究を進める上で、直鎖のβ−1,3グルカンが、リンパ球共刺激作用を示すことを見いだした。
かかるβ−1,3グルカンは、▲1▼抗原受容体を介する刺激により活性化されたTリンパ球およびBリンパ球の活性をさらに上昇させ、また、▲2▼菌体成分あるいはレクチンを認識する受容体を介する刺激により抗原非特異的に活性化されたTリンパ球およびBリンパ球の活性をさらに上昇させた。しかし、▲3▼β−1,3グルカン単独ではTリンパ球およびBリンパ球をほとんど活性化しなかった。
かくして、β−1,3グルカンは、抗原受容体を介するTリンパ球およびBリンパ球の活性化を上昇させることから、生体内で常時起こっている、微生物および腫瘍細胞に対する排除反応を高め、単独でTリンパ球およびBリンパ球を活性しないことから、生体にとって好ましくない免疫応答を誘導せず、抗原非特異的なTリンパ球およびBリンパ球の活性化上昇させることから、他の免疫賦活剤との併用が有効であり、β−1,3グルカンが、副作用がなく常用に適した免疫賦活剤であることを見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0005】
すなわち、本発明は、β−1,3−グルコシド結合からなる直鎖の糖類を有効成分とする免疫賦活剤を提供するものである。
用いるβ−1,3−グルコシド結合からなる直鎖の糖類としては、カードラン加水分解物が挙げられる。特に、酸加水分解物、とりわけ蟻酸加水分解物またはβ−1,3−グルカナーゼのような酵素による加水分解物で、数平均分子量が340〜4000の範囲のものが好ましい。
本発明の免疫賦活剤は、副作用がなく、常用に適しており、免疫力を高めるための医薬はもとより、食品にも利用できる。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の免疫賦活剤の有効成分であるβ−1,3−グルコシド結合からなる直鎖の糖類としては、グルコース分子が分岐せずに、β−1,3−グルコシド結合により結合したオリゴ糖ないしは多糖であり、代表的な例としては、アルカリゲネス(Alkaligenes)属又はアグロバクテリウム(Agrobacterium)属の細菌が産生する、β−1,3−グルコシド結合を有する多糖類であるカードランの加水分解物が挙げられる。
以下、カードランの加水分解物を例として本発明を説明する。
カードランの加水分解物は、自体公知の多糖類の加水分解法により調製できるが、得られる加水分解物の免疫賦活活性から、蟻酸、酢酸のような有機酸、塩酸、硫酸のような無機酸、特に、蟻酸あるいはβ−1,3−グルカナーゼのような酵素で行うことが好ましく、数平均分子量が、340〜4000の範囲のものが好ましい。
【0007】
本明細書における数平均分子量は、以下の条件で高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)により測定したものである。
測定装置としては、東ソー(株)製の高速液体クロマトグラフィー装置を使用した。
検出器:RI−8022
ポンプ:CCPM−II
カラムオーブン:CO−8020
脱気装置:SD−8022
オートサンプラー:AS−8020
測定カラムは、TSKゲルのカラム(G−OLIGO−PWまたはG−3000PWXL、7.8φmm×30cm)を用い、流速0.6〜0.7ml/分、温度40℃で測定した。試料の0.02%水溶液を調製し、その200μlを用いた。溶出は純水で行った。
一方、分子量既知のプルラン標準品を同様に測定して較正曲線を作成し、この較正曲線を基に、東ソー(株)GPC−LALLSプログラムとマイクロソフト(株)の計算プログラム「エクセル」によって分子量分布関数を求め、数平均分子量として算出した。
【0008】
酸加水分解は、例えば、1〜85重量%程度の酸を含有するカードランの0.5〜5.0重量%水溶液を、70〜100℃にて10分〜3時間加熱することにより行うことができる。加水分解反応液を水酸化ナトリウム等のアルカリ剤で中和し、遠心分離して上澄を得、必要に応じて活性炭処理、透析、溶媒分画、加熱によるホルミル基の除去等の自体公知の方法で精製することにより、所望の加水分解物が得られる。
酵素による加水分解は、例えば、用いる酵素に適したpH、温度で所定時間、カードランの0.5〜3重量%水溶液を酵素処理することにより行うことができる。ついで、酵素を失活させた後、遠心分離して上澄を得、必要に応じて活性炭処理、透析、溶媒分画等の自体公知の方法で精製することにより、所望の加水分解物が得られる。
【0009】
得られたカードラン加水分解物は、液体または固体の状態で、そのまま本発明の免疫賦活剤として使用できる。また、自体公知の医薬担体または賦形剤あるいは食品、飼料、餌料や、それら各々の成分と自体公知の方法で合して、免疫力を高める医薬、食品、飼料および餌料とすることができる。
用いる、医薬担体または賦形剤あるいは食品、飼料、餌料や、各々の成分は特に限定するものではなく、当該免疫賦活剤の具体的用途に応じて当業者が適宜選択できる。また、免疫賦活剤の形態も特に限定する物ではなく、具体的用途に応じて、種々の固体や液体の形態とすることができる。
本発明の免疫賦活剤は、医薬として用いる場合、経口投与、非経口投与いずれでもよく、その投与量は、カードラン加水分解物の固形分量として1日当たり4mg〜40gである。
本発明の免疫賦活剤を食品として用いる場合、調味料、畜肉加工品、水産加工品、農産加工品、ステープル、調味食品、調理済食品、デザート類、乳油製品、菓子、スナック菓子等の形態で提供することも可能である。
【0010】
【実施例】
つぎに、実施例および試験例を挙げて、本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明は、これらに限定されるものではない。
実施例1
酵素によるカードラン加水分解物の調製
カードラン4gを0.05M酢酸緩衝液200mlに分散し、ヒイロタケ酵素18ユニット/mlを添加した。これを40℃に昇温し、4時間インキュベートした後沸騰水浴中に15分間保持して酵素を失活させた。ついで、冷却、遠心分離して沈澱部分を除去し、上澄を直径5cmの高さ30cmのカラムに詰めた活性炭に吸着させ、1000mlの水で洗浄後、さらに4%エタノール2000mlで洗浄した。ついで、20%エタノール2000mlで吸着成分を溶出し、これをエバポレーターで濃縮した後、凍結乾燥した。
このものはHPLCで測定したときの数平均分子量が340(プルラン換算値)であり、そのまま本発明の免疫賦活剤として使用できるものであった。
【0011】
実施例2
蟻酸によるカードラン加水分解物の調製
カードラン30グラムを85%蟻酸3000ml中に分散し、90℃まで加温して20分間保持した。ついで、容器ごと冷水にさらして室温まで冷却し、エバポレーターで濃縮した後、5N NaOHで中和してpH7とし、遠心分離した。上澄はホルミル基を除去するため沸騰水浴中で120分間加熱したが、このとき、pHが低下したので、2N NaOHを添加して7に戻した。このものをビスキングチューブ中にいれ純水10リットルに対して一夜透析し、透析内液を凍結乾燥した。
このものをHPLCで測定したときの数平均分子量はプルラン換算で約2800であり、そのまま本発明の免疫賦活剤として使用できるものであった。
【0012】
試験例1
実施例1で得たカードラン酵素分解物および実施例2で得たカードラン蟻酸分解物を用いて、マウス脾臓リンパ球の抗原受容体を介する増殖反応に対するカードラン酵素分解物、カードラン蟻酸分解物のリンパ球共刺激効果を検証した。
マウス(C57BL/6、雌、8週齢)から無菌的に脾臓を摘出し、RPMI1640培地中で脾臓を押しつぶし、200メッシュの節に通し脾臓細胞浮遊液を得た。脾臓細胞浮遊液の細胞数を自動血球計測装置により測定した後、細胞数を1×107/mlの濃度にRPMI1640培地で調製し、96穴組織培養プレート1穴当たり50マイクロリットルを播種した。抗マウスイムノグロブリンM(anti−IgM)を200マイクログラム/mlの濃度でRPMI1640培地に溶解した液、あるいはRPMI1640培地を、それぞれ1穴当たり50マイクロリットル播種した脾臓細胞浮遊液に加えて、Bリンパ球刺激群、無刺激群とした。Tリンパ球刺激群は、細胞播種前に、抗マウスCD3抗体(anti−CD3)を10マイクログラム/mlの濃度でほう酸緩衝液に溶解した液を1穴当たり100マイクロリットル加え37℃で3時間放置し、anti−CD3を各穴に付着させ、3時間後に各穴をRPMl 1640培地で洗浄後、RPMI1640培地を1穴当たり50マイクロリットル加えた穴に、細胞を播種した。
【0013】
この3群にRPMI1640培地(対照)あるいはカードラン酵素分解物を1mg/mlの濃度でRPMI1640培地に溶解した液、カードラン蟻酸分解物を1mg/mlの濃度でRPMI1640培地に溶解した液をそれぞれ1穴当たり100マイクロリットル加え、37℃の5%炭酸ガス培養器内で2日間培養した。培養を終わる3時間前に臭化3−(4,5−ジメチル−2−チアゾリル)−2,5−ジフェニル−2Hテトラゾリウムを5mg/mlの濃度でRPMl 1640培地に溶解した液を1穴当たり10マイクロリットル加え、培養終了時に20%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム溶液を1穴当たり50マイクロリットル加え、37℃で1日放置後、脾臓細胞の増殖反応をマイクロプレートリーダーで培養液の吸光度550nmを測定することにより求めた。表1にその結果を示す。
【0014】
【表1】
【0015】
カードラン酵素分解物、カードラン蟻酸分解物は抗原受容体を介したTリンパ球増殖反応およびBリンパ球増殖反応を強力に促進し、カードラン酵素分解物、カードラン蟻酸分解物の抗原受容体を介したリンパ球増殖に対する共刺激効果が認められた。また、カードラン酵素分解物、カードラン蟻酸分解物は単独ではほとんどリンパ球増殖反応を促進しなかった。
【0016】
試験例2
実施例1および2で得られたカードラン酵素分解物およびカードラン蟻酸分解物を用いて、マウス脾臓リンパ球抗原非特異的増殖反応に対するカードラン酵素分解物およびカードラン蟻酸分解物のリンパ球共刺激効果を検証した。
マウス(C57BL/6、雌、8週齢)から無菌的に脾臓を摘出し、RPMI1640培地中で脾臓を押しつぶし、200メッシュの節に通し脾臓細胞浮遊液を得た。脾臓細胞浮遊液の細胞数を自動血球計測装置により測定した後、細胞数を1×107/mlの濃度にRPMI1640培地で調製し、96穴組織培養プレート1穴当たり50マイクロリットルを播種した。Tリンパ球増殖刺激物質のコンカナバリンA(ConA)を8マイクログラム/mlの濃度でRPMl 1640培地に溶解した液、Bリンパ球増殖刺激物質のリポポリサッカライド(LPS)を200マイクログラム/mlの濃度でRPMI1640培地に溶解した液を、それぞれ1穴当たり50マイクロリットル播種した脾臓細胞浮遊液に加えて、Tリンパ球刺激群、Bリンパ球刺激群とした。
【0017】
この2群にRPMI1640培地(対照)あるいはカードラン酵素分解物を1mg/mlの濃度でRPMI1640培地に溶解した液、カードラン蟻酸分解物を1mg/mlの濃度でRPMI1640培養に溶解した液をそれぞれ1穴当たり100マイクロリットル加え、37℃の5%炭酸ガス培養器内で2日間培養した。培養を終わる3時間前に臭化3−(4,5−ジメチル−2−チアゾリル)−2,5−ジフェニル−2Hテトラゾリウムを5mg/mlの濃度でRPMI1640培地に溶解した液を1穴当たり10マイクロリットル加え、培養終了時に20%ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム溶液を1穴当たり50マイクロリットル加え、37℃で1日放置後、脾臓細胞の増殖反応をマイクロプレートリーダーで培養液の吸光度550nmを測定することにより求めた。表2にその結果を示す。
【0018】
【表2】
【0019】
カードラン酵素分解物、カードラン蟻酸分解物は抗原非特異的なTリンパ球増殖反応および抗原非特異的なBリンパ球増殖反応を促進し、カードラン酵素分解物、カードラン蟻酸分解物の抗原非特異的リンパ球活性化に対する共刺激効果が認められた。
【0020】
試験例3
本試験例では、実施例1で得られたカードラン酵素分解物を用いて、マウスの免疫応答反応におけるカードラン酵素分解物の抗体産生促進作用を試験した。
15週齢、雌性のC57BL/6マウス(1群6匹)に、生理食塩水で2×108/mlに調製した羊赤血球溶液をマウス1匹当たり0.5ml腹腔内投与し、マウスを羊赤血球で一次免疫した。一次免疫の3日後に生理食塩水で2×109/mlに調製した羊赤血球溶液をマウス1匹当たり50μl足蹠内投与し、マウスを羊赤血球で二次免疫した。二次免疫の4日後にマウスの眼底静脈から採血し、血漿を分離し、抗羊赤血球IgM抗体価および抗羊赤血球IgG抗体価をエンザイムイムノアッセイにより測定した。
カードラン酵素分解物は、羊赤血球の一次免疫当日から連続して5日間毎日、カードラン酵素分解物を20mg/mlの濃度に生理食塩水で調製した溶液をマウス1匹当たり0.5ml腹腔内投与した。対照群には同様のスケジュールで生理食塩水をマウス1匹当たり0.5ml腹腔内投与した。
【0021】
エンザイムイムノアッセイは、羊赤血球をホウ酸緩衝液で1×108/mlに調製した溶液を、96穴組織培養プレート1穴当たり100μl加え5℃で3日間放置し羊赤血球を各穴に付着させたプレートを用いて行った。分離した血漿をウシ血清アルブミンを1%含有するホウ酸緩衝液で10倍希釈し1穴当たり50μl加え室温で90分間放置し、血漿の抗羊赤血球抗体をプレートに付着した羊赤血球と結合させた。洗浄後、ペルオキシダーゼで標識した抗マウスIgM抗体あるいは抗マウスIgGl抗体を加え、プレートに結合させた抗羊赤血球抗体のIgM抗体あるいはIgGl抗体に結合させた。洗浄後、過酸化水素0.006%とオルトフェニレンジアミン0.1%を含有するリン酸緩衝液を1穴当たり100μl加え37℃で30分間反応させ、反応を1.5N硫酸で停止し、マイクロプレートリーダーで吸光度492nmを測定することにより血漿抗羊赤血球IgM抗体価あるいはIgGl抗体価を求めた。
その結果を表3に示す。
【0022】
【表3】
【0023】
表3から明らかなごとく、カードラン酵素分解物を投与したマウスの血漿抗羊赤血球IgM抗体価あるいはIgGl抗体価はカードラン酵素分解物の投与により上昇した。カードラン酵素分解物は、Tリンパ球に依存しないBリンパ球のIgM抗体産生およびTリンパ球に依存したBリンパ球のIgGl抗体産生のいずれも上昇させたことから、カードラン酵素分解物のBリンパ球賦活作用およびTリンパ球賦活作用が認められた。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、免疫賦活作用が高く、他の免疫賦活物質と併用することにより、より強い免疫賦活作用を示し、副作用がなく、医薬はもとより、食品の他飼料・餌料にも利用できる免疫賦活剤が提供される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an immunostimulant that can be used not only for foods but also for feeds and feeds without side effects.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The in vivo immune system plays an important role in the defense against tumors and infections by microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, molds and viruses, and the main mechanism is that T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are these microorganisms. Or stimulating tumors by recognizing them through the antigen receptor, activating antigen-specifically and enhancing their ability to eliminate these foreign substances. In a living body that is constantly exposed to microorganisms and whose cells are mutated, such activation of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes always occurs. In addition to antigen-specific activation, activation of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes includes non-antigen-specific activation via receptors that recognize bacterial components, lectins, and the like.
In both antigen-specific and non-antigen-specific activation, activation of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes is further promoted by the addition of other stimuli, ie, costimulation.
Current immunostimulators enhance the defense mechanism of the body against microbial infections and tumors by non-specifically activating immunocompetent cells, but there are few that can be satisfied with effectiveness, and these immunity Since the activator alone activates immunocompetent cells, it induces an immune response that is undesirable for the living body, and causes side effects such as exacerbation of various allergic reactions.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention provides an immunostimulant that has a high immunostimulatory effect and that exhibits a stronger immunostimulatory effect when used in combination with other immunostimulatory substances and that can be used for food and feed as well as food without side effects. The purpose is to do.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have found that linear β-1,3 glucan exhibits a lymphocyte costimulatory effect in research on saccharides and immunity.
Such β-1,3 glucan (1) further increases the activity of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes activated by stimulation via an antigen receptor, and (2) recognizes bacterial cell components or lectins. The activity of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes activated non-specifically by antigen-mediated stimulation was further increased. However, (3) β-1,3 glucan alone hardly activated T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes.
Thus, since β-1,3 glucan increases the activation of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes through antigen receptors, it enhances the elimination reaction against microorganisms and tumor cells, which are constantly occurring in the living body. Does not activate T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, and does not induce an immune response unfavorable to the living body, and increases activation of non-antigen-specific T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. And β-1,3 glucan was found to be an immunostimulator with no side effects and suitable for daily use, and the present invention was completed.
[0005]
That is, this invention provides the immunostimulant which uses the linear saccharide | sugar which consists of (beta) -1, 3- glucoside bond as an active ingredient.
Curdlan hydrolyzate is mentioned as a linear saccharide | sugar which consists of (beta) -1,3-glucoside bond to be used. In particular, acid hydrolysates, particularly formic acid hydrolysates or hydrolysates by enzymes such as β-1,3-glucanase, having a number average molecular weight in the range of 340 to 4000 are preferred.
The immunostimulant of the present invention has no side effects and is suitable for daily use, and can be used for foods as well as pharmaceuticals for enhancing immunity.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As a linear saccharide composed of a β-1,3-glucoside bond, which is an active ingredient of the immunostimulant of the present invention, an oligosaccharide or a sugar linked by a β-1,3-glucoside bond without branching a glucose molecule. A typical example is a hydrolyzate of curdlan, which is a polysaccharide having a β-1,3-glucoside bond, produced by a bacterium of the genus Alkaligenes or Agrobacterium. Is mentioned.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described using a curdlan hydrolyzate as an example.
Hydrolyzate of curdlan can be prepared by a known hydrolysis method of polysaccharides, but from the immunostimulatory activity of the obtained hydrolyzate, organic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are used. In particular, it is preferably carried out with an enzyme such as formic acid or β-1,3-glucanase, and those having a number average molecular weight in the range of 340 to 4000 are preferred.
[0007]
The number average molecular weight in this specification is measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) under the following conditions.
As a measuring device, a high performance liquid chromatography device manufactured by Tosoh Corporation was used.
Detector: RI-8022
Pump: CCPM-II
Column oven: CO-8020
Deaeration device: SD-8022
Autosampler: AS-8020
A TSK gel column (G-OLIGO-PW or G-3000PWXL, 7.8 φmm × 30 cm) was used as a measurement column, and measurement was performed at a flow rate of 0.6 to 0.7 ml / min and a temperature of 40 ° C. A 0.02% aqueous solution of the sample was prepared and 200 μl thereof was used. Elution was performed with pure water.
On the other hand, a pullulan standard with a known molecular weight is measured in the same manner to create a calibration curve. Based on this calibration curve, the molecular weight distribution function is calculated by the Tosoh Corporation GPC-LALLS program and the Microsoft Corporation calculation program “Excel”. Was calculated as the number average molecular weight.
[0008]
For example, the acid hydrolysis is performed by heating a 0.5 to 5.0% by weight aqueous solution of curdlan containing about 1 to 85% by weight of acid at 70 to 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to 3 hours. Can do. The hydrolysis reaction solution is neutralized with an alkali agent such as sodium hydroxide, and centrifuged to obtain a supernatant. If necessary, known per se such as activated carbon treatment, dialysis, solvent fractionation, removal of formyl group by heating, etc. Purification by the method yields the desired hydrolyzate.
Hydrolysis with an enzyme can be performed, for example, by subjecting a 0.5 to 3% by weight aqueous solution of curdlan to an enzyme treatment at a pH and temperature suitable for the enzyme used for a predetermined time. Next, after inactivating the enzyme, the supernatant is obtained by centrifugation, and the desired hydrolyzate can be obtained by purifying it by a known method such as activated carbon treatment, dialysis, solvent fractionation, etc., if necessary. It is done.
[0009]
The obtained curdlan hydrolyzate can be used as an immunostimulator of the present invention as it is in a liquid or solid state. Moreover, it can combine with a well-known pharmaceutical carrier or excipient | filler or food, feed, feed, and each of those components by a well-known method, and can be set as the medicine, food, feed, and feed which raises immunity.
The pharmaceutical carrier or excipient to be used or food, feed, feed, and each component are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art depending on the specific use of the immunostimulator. Also, the form of the immunostimulant is not particularly limited, and various solid and liquid forms can be used depending on the specific application.
When used as a pharmaceutical, the immunostimulant of the present invention may be administered either orally or parenterally, and its dosage is 4 mg to 40 g per day as the solid content of curdlan hydrolyzate.
When the immunostimulant of the present invention is used as food, it is provided in the form of seasonings, processed meat products, processed fishery products, processed agricultural products, staples, seasoned foods, cooked foods, desserts, milk oil products, confectionery, snack confectionery, etc. It is also possible to do.
[0010]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
Preparation of curdlan hydrolyzate by enzyme 4 g of curdlan was dispersed in 200 ml of 0.05M acetic acid buffer, and 18 units / ml of agaric enzyme were added. This was heated to 40 ° C., incubated for 4 hours, and then kept in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme. Subsequently, the precipitate was removed by cooling and centrifuging, and the supernatant was adsorbed on activated carbon packed in a column having a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 30 cm, washed with 1000 ml of water, and further washed with 2000 ml of 4% ethanol. Subsequently, the adsorbed component was eluted with 2000 ml of 20% ethanol, concentrated with an evaporator, and freeze-dried.
This had a number average molecular weight of 340 (as calculated as pullulan) as measured by HPLC, and could be used as it is as an immunostimulator of the present invention.
[0011]
Example 2
Preparation of curdlan hydrolyzate with formic acid 30 grams of curdlan was dispersed in 3000 ml of 85% formic acid, heated to 90 ° C. and held for 20 minutes. Subsequently, the whole container was exposed to cold water, cooled to room temperature, concentrated with an evaporator, neutralized with 5N NaOH to pH 7, and centrifuged. The supernatant was heated in a boiling water bath for 120 minutes in order to remove the formyl group. At this time, since the pH was lowered, 2N NaOH was added to return to 7. This was placed in a Visking tube and dialyzed overnight against 10 liters of pure water, and the dialyzed solution was lyophilized.
The number average molecular weight when this was measured by HPLC was about 2800 in terms of pullulan, and could be used as it is as an immunostimulator of the present invention.
[0012]
Test example 1
Using the curdlan enzymatic degradation product obtained in Example 1 and the curdlan formic acid degradation product obtained in Example 2, curdlan enzymatic degradation product and curdlan formic acid degradation for proliferation reaction via the antigen receptor of mouse spleen lymphocytes The lymphocyte costimulatory effect of the product was verified.
The spleen was aseptically removed from a mouse (C57BL / 6, female, 8 weeks old), spleen was crushed in RPMI1640 medium, and passed through a 200 mesh node to obtain a spleen cell suspension. After the number of cells in the spleen cell suspension was measured with an automatic hemocytometer, the number of cells was adjusted to a concentration of 1 × 10 7 / ml in RPMI 1640 medium, and 50 microliters were seeded per well of a 96-well tissue culture plate. A solution of anti-mouse immunoglobulin M (anti-IgM) dissolved in RPMI1640 medium at a concentration of 200 microgram / ml or RPMI1640 medium was added to each spleen cell suspension seeded at 50 microliters per well, and B lymph A ball stimulation group and an unstimulation group were used. In the T lymphocyte stimulation group, 100 microliters of a solution prepared by dissolving anti-mouse CD3 antibody (anti-CD3) in boric acid buffer at a concentration of 10 microgram / ml was added per well for 3 hours at 37 ° C. before cell seeding. Then, anti-CD3 was allowed to adhere to each well, and after 3 hours, each well was washed with RPMl 1640 medium, and then cells were seeded in a hole to which 50 microliters of RPMI1640 medium was added per well.
[0013]
In each of these three groups, a solution obtained by dissolving RPMI1640 medium (control) or curdlan enzyme degradation product in RPMI1640 medium at a concentration of 1 mg / ml, and a solution obtained by dissolving curdlan formic acid degradation product in RPMI1640 medium at a concentration of 1 mg / ml, respectively 100 microliters per well was added, and the cells were cultured in a 5% carbon dioxide incubator at 37 ° C. for 2 days. Three hours before the end of the culture, a solution prepared by dissolving 3- (4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl) -2,5-diphenyl-2Htetrazolium bromide in RPMl 1640 medium at a concentration of 5 mg / ml was 10 per well. Add microliter, add 50 microliter of 20% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution per well at the end of the culture, leave it at 37 ° C for 1 day, and measure the proliferation reaction of the spleen cells by measuring the absorbance of the culture with a microplate reader at 550 nm. Asked. Table 1 shows the results.
[0014]
[Table 1]
[0015]
Curdlan enzyme degradation product and curdlan formic acid degradation product strongly promote T lymphocyte proliferation reaction and B lymphocyte proliferation reaction via antigen receptor. A costimulatory effect on lymphocyte proliferation was observed. In addition, the curdlan enzyme degradation product and the curdlan formic acid degradation product alone hardly promoted the lymphocyte proliferation reaction.
[0016]
Test example 2
Using the curdlan enzyme degradation product and the curdlan formic acid degradation product obtained in Examples 1 and 2, the lymphocytes of the curdlan enzyme degradation product and the curdlan formic acid degradation product for mouse spleen lymphocyte antigen non-specific proliferation reaction were used. The stimulation effect was verified.
The spleen was aseptically removed from a mouse (C57BL / 6, female, 8 weeks old), spleen was crushed in RPMI1640 medium, and passed through a 200 mesh node to obtain a spleen cell suspension. After the number of cells in the spleen cell suspension was measured with an automatic hemocytometer, the number of cells was adjusted to a concentration of 1 × 10 7 / ml in RPMI 1640 medium, and 50 microliters were seeded per well of a 96-well tissue culture plate. A solution of T lymphocyte proliferation stimulating substance concanavalin A (ConA) in RPMl 1640 medium at a concentration of 8 microgram / ml, a B lymphocyte proliferation stimulating substance lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a concentration of 200 microgram / ml. Then, the solution dissolved in RPMI 1640 medium was added to the spleen cell suspensions seeded at 50 microliters per well, respectively, to obtain a T lymphocyte stimulation group and a B lymphocyte stimulation group.
[0017]
In each of these two groups, a solution obtained by dissolving RPMI1640 medium (control) or curdlan enzyme degradation product in RPMI1640 medium at a concentration of 1 mg / ml, and a solution obtained by dissolving curdlan formic acid degradation product in RPMI1640 culture at a concentration of 1 mg / ml, respectively. 100 microliters per well was added, and the cells were cultured for 2 days in a 5% carbon dioxide incubator at 37 ° C. Three microseconds before the end of the culture, a solution prepared by dissolving 3- (4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl) -2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide in RPMI 1640 medium at a concentration of 5 mg / ml was 10 micron per well. At the end of cultivation, 50 microliters of 20% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution was added per well. After standing at 37 ° C. for 1 day, the proliferation reaction of spleen cells was determined by measuring the absorbance of the culture solution at 550 nm with a microplate reader. It was. Table 2 shows the results.
[0018]
[Table 2]
[0019]
The curdlan enzyme degradation product and the curdlan formic acid degradation product promote the antigen non-specific T lymphocyte proliferation reaction and the antigen non-specific B lymphocyte proliferation reaction. A costimulatory effect on nonspecific lymphocyte activation was observed.
[0020]
Test example 3
In this test example, the curdlan enzyme degradation product obtained in Example 1 was used to test the antibody production promoting effect of the curdlan enzyme degradation product in the immune response reaction of mice.
15-week-old female C57BL / 6 mice (6 mice per group) were intraperitoneally administered with 0.5 ml of sheep erythrocyte solution prepared to 2 × 10 8 / ml with physiological saline. Primary immunization was performed with erythrocytes. Three days after the primary immunization, a sheep erythrocyte solution prepared to 2 × 10 9 / ml with physiological saline was administered intraperitoneally at 50 μl per foot, and the mice were secondary immunized with sheep erythrocytes. Four days after the second immunization, blood was collected from the fundus vein of the mouse, plasma was separated, and anti-sheep erythrocyte IgM antibody titer and anti-sheep erythrocyte IgG antibody titer were measured by enzyme immunoassay.
The curdlan enzyme degradation product was intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 ml per mouse of a solution prepared with a physiological saline solution of curdlan enzyme degradation at a concentration of 20 mg / ml every day for 5 consecutive days from the day of primary immunization of sheep erythrocytes. Administered. In the control group, 0.5 ml of physiological saline was intraperitoneally administered per mouse according to the same schedule.
[0021]
In the enzyme immunoassay, a solution prepared from sheep erythrocytes to 1 × 10 8 / ml with borate buffer was added at 100 μl per well of a 96-well tissue culture plate and allowed to stand at 5 ° C. for 3 days to allow sheep erythrocytes to adhere to each well. This was done using a plate. The separated plasma was diluted 10-fold with borate buffer containing 1% bovine serum albumin, 50 μl per well was added and allowed to stand at room temperature for 90 minutes, and the plasma anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody was bound to sheep erythrocytes attached to the plate. . After washing, an anti-mouse IgM antibody or an anti-mouse IgGl antibody labeled with peroxidase was added and allowed to bind to an anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody IgM antibody or IgGl antibody bound to a plate. After washing, 100 μl of phosphate buffer containing 0.006% hydrogen peroxide and 0.1% orthophenylenediamine was added per well, and the mixture was reacted at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction was stopped with 1.5N sulfuric acid, Plasma anti-sheep erythrocyte IgM antibody titer or IgGl antibody titer was determined by measuring the absorbance at 492 nm with a plate reader.
The results are shown in Table 3.
[0022]
[Table 3]
[0023]
As is apparent from Table 3, the plasma anti-sheep erythrocyte IgM antibody titer or IgGl antibody titer of the mice administered with the curdlan enzyme degradation product was increased by administration of the curdlan enzyme degradation product. The curdlan enzyme degradation product increased both IgM antibody production of B lymphocytes independent of T lymphocytes and IgGl antibody production of B lymphocytes dependent on T lymphocytes. Lymphocyte activation action and T lymphocyte activation action were observed.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the immunostimulatory effect is high, and when used in combination with other immunostimulatory substances, it exhibits a stronger immunostimulatory effect, has no side effects, and can be used not only for pharmaceuticals but also for foods and feeds and feeds. An activator is provided.
Claims (5)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP00651997A JP4091136B2 (en) | 1997-01-17 | 1997-01-17 | Immunostimulator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP00651997A JP4091136B2 (en) | 1997-01-17 | 1997-01-17 | Immunostimulator |
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| JPH10194977A JPH10194977A (en) | 1998-07-28 |
| JP4091136B2 true JP4091136B2 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE10309281A1 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2004-09-23 | Satia Gmbh | Process for the preparation of a beta-1,3-glucan with improved properties |
| CA2706620C (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2018-02-27 | Novartis Ag | Conjugated beta-1,3-linked glucans |
| JP5350626B2 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2013-11-27 | キリンフードテック株式会社 | Dendritic cell activation composition |
| RU2702987C2 (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2019-10-15 | Торэй Индастриз, Инк. | Immunostimulant |
| JP6618698B2 (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2019-12-11 | 三菱商事ライフサイエンス株式会社 | Modified curdlan thickening polysaccharide |
| CN112076209A (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-15 | 青岛海洋生物医药研究院股份有限公司 | Beta-glucan composition and application thereof |
| TWI862656B (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2024-11-21 | 日商三菱商事生命科學股份有限公司 | Compositions for preventing or improving lifestyle diseases |
| KR102674770B1 (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2024-06-13 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | Food composition comprising beta-glucan hydrolysate for enhancing of immune function and manufacturing method thereof |
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