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JP4092836B2 - Method for preventing heavy metal elution from incineration ash and / or incineration fly ash - Google Patents
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JP4092836B2 - Method for preventing heavy metal elution from incineration ash and / or incineration fly ash - Google Patents

Method for preventing heavy metal elution from incineration ash and / or incineration fly ash Download PDF

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JP4092836B2
JP4092836B2 JP35904999A JP35904999A JP4092836B2 JP 4092836 B2 JP4092836 B2 JP 4092836B2 JP 35904999 A JP35904999 A JP 35904999A JP 35904999 A JP35904999 A JP 35904999A JP 4092836 B2 JP4092836 B2 JP 4092836B2
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Prior art keywords
ash
heavy metal
incineration
elution
incineration fly
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JP2001170600A (en
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克美 松本
敏仁 内田
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、都市ゴミの焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰の溶融スラグからの重金属の溶出を防止する重金属溶出防止処理方法に係わる
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般ごみ廃棄物や下水汚泥等の産業廃棄物は、通常焼却処理されるが、更にその減量化や安定化を目的として焼却残渣を溶融処理する場合がある
【0003】
のような溶融処理で排出される溶融スラグ中には重金属が含有されている。この溶融スラグ中の重金属は一般的には溶出しにくいとされているが、条件によっては溶出する場合がある。特に、酸性条件下では重金属の溶出量が高くなることが知られている。また、重金属のうち、特に鉛の溶出量が高いことも知られている。
【0004】
従来、このような溶融スラグからの重金属の溶出を防止する方法として、
(1) 焼却ダストにリン酸一水素二ナトリウム、リン酸三ナトリウム又はリン酸三カリウムを添加して溶融する方法(特開昭60−165326号公報)
(2) 被溶融物にFe,Zn,Mg,Alの成分を有する添加物を添加して溶融する方法(特開平10−277521号公報)が提案されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記(1)(2)の方法では、重金属の溶出防止効果が十分ではなく、得られる溶融スラグは、再利用の基準とされている環境庁告示48号試験における土壌環境基準値を多くの場合満足するものの、酸性雨を考慮した酸性条件下での溶出試験では、埋立基準値や土壌環境基準値を満足できないか、或いは、これらの基準値を満足するためには大量の薬剤が必要となるという欠点があった。
【0006】
本発明は上記従来の問題点を解決し、少ない薬剤使用量で、酸性条件においても都市ゴミの焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰の溶融スラグからの重金属の溶出を確実に防止することができる重金属溶出防止剤を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰の重金属溶出防止処理方法は、都市ゴミの焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰に重合リン酸、重合リン酸塩、リン酸二水素ナトリウム及びリン酸の多価金属塩よりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上を含有する重金属溶出防止剤を混合した後、1200〜1600℃で加熱溶融し、その後冷却する焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰の重金属溶出防止処理方法であって、前記重金属溶出防止剤は、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム、メタリン酸ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、ヒドロキシアパタイト、二リン酸三カルシウム、リン酸アルミニウム、又はリン酸鉄( III )であることを特徴とする。
【0008】
なお、以下において、重合リン酸及び/又は重合リン酸塩を「重合リン酸(塩)」と称す場合がある。
【0009】
一般に、重金属類は、溶融過程において溶融スラグ中に閉じこめられるとともに、一部は揮発し溶融飛灰中に移行する。
【0010】
本発明において、重合リン酸(塩)やリン酸二水素ナトリウムは、重金属類の大部分を溶融スラグ中に閉じこめて安定化させる機能を奏し、この結果、溶融飛灰中の重金属は低減する。一方、溶融スラグの重金属量含有量は従来法よりも多くなるが、この溶融スラグ中の重金属は安定的に溶融スラグ中に固定され、非常に溶出しにくいものとなる。重合リン酸(塩)及びリン酸二水素ナトリウムによるこの作用機構の詳細なメカニズムは明らかではないが、次のように推定される。即ち、重合リン酸(塩)やリン酸二水素ナトリウムの融点は、通常の廃棄物の溶融処理温度である1200〜1600℃よりも低いため、被溶融物が溶融状態にあるときにこれらの化合物が融解し、被溶融物中の重金属と相互作用することで重金属類を溶融スラグ中に取り込み、安定化し、その溶出を防止する。
【0011】
また、リン酸の多価金属塩は、重金属類を溶融飛灰に移行させることで重金属含有量の低い溶融スラグを製造すると共に、溶融スラグからの重金属の溶出をも防止する機能を奏する。リン酸の多価金属塩によるこの作用機構の詳細なメカニズムは明らかではないが、次のように推定される。即ち、リン酸の多価金属塩の融点は、通常の溶融温度である1200〜1600℃よりも高いため、被溶融物が溶融状態にあったときでも、被溶融物中の重金属との相互作用はあまり起こらず、そのままの形態で溶融スラグ中に残存すると考えられる。しかし、溶融スラグから重金属が溶出する際、この重金属と不溶性の化合物を形成し、これを安定化させて溶出を防止する。
【0012】
リン酸の多価金属塩を用いた場合は、重合リン酸(塩)やリン酸二水素ナトリウムを用いた場合に比較すると、重金属濃度の高い溶融飛灰が生成されるので、これを別途処理する必要がある。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰の重金属溶出防止処理方法の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。
【0014】
本発明の焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰の重金属溶出防止処理方法において、重合リン酸としては、メタリン酸、トリポリリン酸が挙げられ、重合リン酸塩としては、これらの重合リン酸のナトリウム塩が挙げられる。
【0015】
また、リン酸の多価金属塩としては、二リン酸三カルシウム又はヒドロキシアパタイトや、リン酸鉄、リン酸アルミニウムが挙げられる。
【0016】
本発明においては、これらのリン酸化合物の1種を単独で用いても良く、また、2種以上を併用して用いても良い。
【0017】
本発明に従って都市ゴミの焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰の溶融スラグからの重金属の溶出を防止するには、都市ゴミの焼却灰、焼却飛灰に上記の重金属溶出防止剤を予め混合した後、加熱溶融し、その後冷却する
【0018】
このようにして溶融スラグからの重金属の溶出を防止するに当たり、重金属溶出防止剤の添加量は、重金属の溶出防止効果及び薬剤コストの面から、被溶融物に対して1〜20重量%の範囲とするのが好ましい。
【0019】
【実施例】
以下に実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り、以下の実施例により何ら限定されるものではない。
【0020】
なお、以下の実施例及び比較例では、被溶融物として、都市ごみ焼却灰(ボトムアッシュ)と焼却飛灰(フライアッシュ)を焼却灰:焼却飛灰=7:3(重量比)で混合した混合灰を用いた。これらの成分分析結果は表1に示す通りである。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 0004092836
【0022】
実施例1〜7、比較例1〜3
被溶融物である混合灰180.0gを採取し、これに表2に示す各種のリン酸化合物18.0g(混合灰に対して10重量%)を、均一に混合し(ただし、比較例1では薬剤添加せず。また、比較例3ではリン酸化合物36.0g(混合灰に対して20重量%)添加)アルミナルツボに入れた。この混合物を入れたアルミナツルボを高温電気炉に入れて1450℃で1時間加熱して溶融させた。その後、アルミナルツボを高温電気炉から取り出し、5分程度放冷した。その後、15Lの水道水が入っているバケツにアルミナルツボを入れて冷却させた後、バケツから取り出した。
【0023】
アルミナツルボから溶融スラグを取り出した後、粉砕器を用いて溶融スラグを粉砕し、ふるいを用いて粒度ごとに分別した。
【0024】
粉砕した溶融スラグ(粒径0.3mm以下)について、スラグ中のPb含有量の分析を行った。また、下記手順で環境庁告示46号に準じた溶出試験と、酸性条件下での溶出試験を行い、これらの結果を表2に示した。
〔環境庁告示46号溶出試験〕
試料(単位g)と溶媒(純水に塩酸を加え、水素イオン濃度指数が5.8〜6.3となるようにしたもの)(単位mL)とを重量体積比10%の割合で混合し、混合液500mL以上を調製して試料液とする。調製した試料液を常温(おおむね20℃)、常圧(おおむね1気圧)で振盪機(予め振盪回数を毎分約200回、振盪幅を4〜5cmに調整したもの)を用いて、6時間連続して振盪する。この試料液を10〜30分程度静置後、毎分約3,000回転で20分間遠心分離した後の上澄み液を孔径0.45μmのメンブランフィルターで濾過して濾液を取り、そのpHとPb濃度を測定する。
〔酸性条件下溶出試験〕
試料を200mLのビーカーに所定量採取し、脱塩水を溶融スラグの10倍量加える。次にpHスタットを用いてpH=4になるように硝酸(0.1N)をポンプ注入し、6時間攪拌する。その後、溶出液を孔径0.45μmのグラスファイバー濾紙を用いて濾過し、濾液のpHとPb濃度を測定する。
【0025】
【表2】
Figure 0004092836
【0026】
表2より次のことが明らかである。
(1) リン酸化合物を混合せずに溶融した場合(比較例1)、溶融スラグ中のPb含有量は50mg/kg以下である。また、環境庁告示46号試験でのPbの溶出量は低いが(0.008mg/L)、pH=4の酸性条件下での溶出試験におけるPb溶出量は高い。
(2) トリポリリン酸ナトリウム、メタリン酸ナトリウム、又はリン酸二水素ナトリウムを混合して溶融した場合(実施例1〜3)、溶融スラグ中のPb含有量は高くなるが、環境庁告示46号での溶出試験においても、pH=4の酸性条件下での溶出試験においてもPbの溶出量は低い。
(3) リン酸三ナトリウムを混合して溶融した場合(比較例2,3)、溶融スラグ中のPb含有量は高くなる。環境庁告示46号での溶出試験でのPb溶出量は低いが、pH=4の酸性条件下での溶出試験におけるPb溶出量は高くなり、充分低くするためには比較例3の如く、多くの添加量を要する。
(4) リン酸の多価金属塩を混合して溶融した場合(実施例4〜7)、溶融スラグ中のPb含有量は50mg/kg以下であり、環境庁告示46号での溶出試験においても、pH=4の酸性条件下での溶出試験においてもPbの溶出量は低い。なお、この場合、溶融スラグ中のPb含有量は、薬剤無添加の比較例1と同等であるが、溶出試験、特に酸性条件下での溶出試験において、著しく優れた重金属の溶出防止効果が示されている。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した通り、本発明の溶融スラグの重金属溶出防止剤によれば、少ない薬剤使用量で溶融スラグ中の重金属類の溶出を確実に防止することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a heavy metal elution prevention treatment method for preventing elution of heavy metals from incineration ash of municipal waste and / or molten slag of incineration fly ash .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Industrial waste such as general waste and sewage sludge is usually incinerated, but the incineration residue may be melted for the purpose of reducing and stabilizing the waste .
[0003]
The molten slag discharged by melting treatment, such as this heavy metal is contained. The heavy metal in the molten slag is generally considered to be difficult to elute, but may be eluted depending on conditions. In particular, it is known that the elution amount of heavy metals increases under acidic conditions. It is also known that among heavy metals, the amount of lead elution is particularly high.
[0004]
Conventionally, as a method for preventing elution of heavy metals from such molten slag,
(1) A method in which disodium monohydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate or tripotassium phosphate is added to incineration dust and melted (JP-A-60-165326)
(2) A method of melting by adding an additive having components of Fe, Zn, Mg, and Al to a material to be melted (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-277521) has been proposed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the methods (1) and (2) above, the effect of preventing the elution of heavy metals is not sufficient, and the obtained molten slag has a lot of soil environmental standard values in the Environmental Agency Notification No. 48 test, which is regarded as a standard for reuse. In some cases, the dissolution test under acidic conditions considering acid rain cannot satisfy the landfill standard value or the soil environment standard value, or a large amount of chemicals are required to satisfy these standard values. There was a drawback of becoming.
[0006]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and can reliably prevent elution of heavy metals from incineration ash of municipal waste and / or molten slag of incineration fly ash even under acidic conditions with a small amount of medicine used. An object is to provide an elution inhibitor.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for preventing heavy metal elution of incineration ash and / or incineration fly ash according to the present invention includes a large amount of polymer phosphoric acid, polymer phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and phosphoric acid in incineration ash and / or incineration fly ash of municipal waste. Heavy metal elution of incineration ash and / or incineration fly ash that is mixed with a heavy metal elution inhibitor containing one or more selected from the group consisting of valent metal salts, then heated and melted at 1200 to 1600 ° C and then cooled In the prevention treatment method, the heavy metal dissolution inhibitor is sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, or iron phosphate ( III ). It is characterized by that.
[0008]
Hereinafter, the polymerized phosphoric acid and / or polymerized phosphate may be referred to as “polymerized phosphoric acid (salt)”.
[0009]
In general, heavy metals are confined in the molten slag during the melting process, and partly volatilize and move into the molten fly ash.
[0010]
In the present invention, polymerized phosphoric acid (salt) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate have the function of trapping and stabilizing most of the heavy metals in the molten slag, and as a result, the heavy metals in the molten fly ash are reduced. On the other hand, the heavy metal content in the molten slag is higher than that in the conventional method, but the heavy metal in the molten slag is stably fixed in the molten slag and is very difficult to elute. Although the detailed mechanism of this action mechanism by polymerized phosphoric acid (salt) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate is not clear, it is estimated as follows. That is, since the melting points of polymerized phosphoric acid (salt) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate are lower than 1200 to 1600 ° C. which is a melting treatment temperature of ordinary waste, these compounds are used when the melted material is in a molten state. Melts and interacts with the heavy metal in the material to be melted, thereby taking in and stabilizing the heavy metal into the molten slag and preventing its elution.
[0011]
In addition, the polyvalent metal salt of phosphoric acid produces a molten slag having a low heavy metal content by transferring heavy metals to molten fly ash, and also has a function of preventing elution of heavy metals from the molten slag. Although the detailed mechanism of this action mechanism by the polyvalent metal salt of phosphoric acid is not clear, it is presumed as follows. That is, since the melting point of the polyvalent metal salt of phosphoric acid is higher than the normal melting temperature of 1200 to 1600 ° C., even when the melted material is in a molten state, it interacts with the heavy metal in the melted material. Does not occur so much and remains in the molten slag as it is. However, when heavy metal is eluted from the molten slag, an insoluble compound is formed with the heavy metal, and this is stabilized to prevent elution.
[0012]
When using polyvalent metal salt of phosphoric acid, molten fly ash with a high heavy metal concentration is produced compared to using polymerized phosphoric acid (salt) or sodium dihydrogen phosphate. There is a need to.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the method for preventing heavy metal elution of incineration ash and / or incineration fly ash according to the present invention will be described in detail below.
[0014]
In the method for preventing heavy metal elution of incineration ash and / or incineration fly ash according to the present invention, examples of polymerized phosphoric acid include metaphosphoric acid and tripolyphosphoric acid , and polymerized phosphates include sodium salts of these polymerized phosphoric acids. Can be mentioned.
[0015]
As the polyvalent metal salt of phosphoric acid, diphosphoric tricalcium or hydroxyapatite or iron phosphate, and a phosphoric acid aluminum.
[0016]
In the present invention, one of these phosphoric acid compounds may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.
[0017]
In order to prevent elution of heavy metals from incineration ash and / or incineration fly ash molten slag of municipal waste according to the present invention, after previously mixing the above heavy metal elution inhibitor with the incineration ash of municipal waste , incineration fly ash , Heat and melt, then cool .
[0018]
Upon prevent this way elution of heavy metals from the molten slag, the amount of heavy metal elution preventive agent, from the standpoint of elution preventing effect and drug costs of heavy metals, 1 to 20% by weight with respect to the melt The range is preferable.
[0019]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist.
[0020]
In the following examples and comparative examples, municipal waste incineration ash (bottom ash) and incineration fly ash (fly ash) were mixed in the form of incineration ash: incineration fly ash = 7: 3 (weight ratio) as melts. Mixed ash was used. These component analysis results are as shown in Table 1.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004092836
[0022]
Examples 1-7, Comparative Examples 1-3
180.0 g of mixed ash, which is a material to be melted, was collected, and 18.0 g of various phosphoric acid compounds shown in Table 2 (10% by weight with respect to the mixed ash) were uniformly mixed (however, Comparative Example 1) In Comparative Example 3, 36.0 g of phosphoric acid compound (20% by weight with respect to mixed ash) was added to an alumina crucible. The alumina crucible containing this mixture was placed in a high temperature electric furnace and heated at 1450 ° C. for 1 hour to melt. Thereafter, the alumina crucible was taken out from the high temperature electric furnace and allowed to cool for about 5 minutes. Thereafter, an alumina crucible was placed in a bucket containing 15 L of tap water and cooled, and then removed from the bucket.
[0023]
After the molten slag was taken out from the alumina crucible, the molten slag was pulverized using a pulverizer and fractionated according to particle size using a sieve.
[0024]
The pulverized molten slag (particle size 0.3 mm or less) was analyzed for Pb content in the slag. In addition, a dissolution test in accordance with the Environment Agency Notification No. 46 and a dissolution test under acidic conditions were performed according to the following procedure, and these results are shown in Table 2.
[Environment Agency Notification No. 46 Dissolution Test]
A sample (unit g) and a solvent (hydrochloric acid added to pure water so that the hydrogen ion concentration index becomes 5.8 to 6.3) (unit mL) are mixed at a ratio of 10% by weight to volume. Then, 500 mL or more of the mixed solution is prepared as a sample solution. Using the prepared sample solution at room temperature (generally 20 ° C.) and normal pressure (generally 1 atm) using a shaker (previously adjusted to about 200 times per minute and the shaking width is adjusted to 4 to 5 cm) for 6 hours. Shake continuously. This sample solution is allowed to stand for about 10 to 30 minutes, and then centrifuged at about 3,000 rpm for 20 minutes, and the supernatant is filtered through a membrane filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm to obtain the filtrate. Measure the concentration.
[Dissolution test under acidic conditions]
A predetermined amount of sample is collected in a 200 mL beaker, and demineralized water is added 10 times as much as molten slag. Next, using a pH stat, nitric acid (0.1 N) is pumped so that pH = 4 and stirred for 6 hours. Thereafter, the eluate is filtered using a glass fiber filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm, and the pH and Pb concentration of the filtrate are measured.
[0025]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004092836
[0026]
From Table 2, the following is clear.
(1) When melted without mixing the phosphoric acid compound (Comparative Example 1), the Pb content in the molten slag is 50 mg / kg or less. In addition, the amount of Pb elution in the Environmental Agency Notification No. 46 test is low (0.008 mg / L), but the amount of Pb elution in the elution test under an acidic condition of pH = 4 is high.
(2) When sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, or sodium dihydrogen phosphate is mixed and melted (Examples 1 to 3), the Pb content in the molten slag is high, In the dissolution test of Pb, the dissolution amount of Pb is low in the dissolution test under acidic conditions of pH = 4.
(3) When trisodium phosphate is mixed and melted (Comparative Examples 2 and 3), the Pb content in the molten slag increases. Although the dissolution amount of Pb in the dissolution test in Environment Agency Notification No. 46 is low, the dissolution amount of Pb in the dissolution test under the acidic condition of pH = 4 is high. Is required.
(4) When the polyvalent metal salt of phosphoric acid is mixed and melted (Examples 4 to 7), the Pb content in the molten slag is 50 mg / kg or less, and in the dissolution test in Environment Agency Notification No. 46 Even in the dissolution test under acidic conditions at pH = 4, the dissolution amount of Pb is low. In this case, the Pb content in the molten slag is the same as that of Comparative Example 1 with no chemical added. However, in the dissolution test, particularly in the dissolution test under acidic conditions, a remarkably excellent heavy metal dissolution prevention effect is shown. Has been.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the heavy metal elution inhibitor of the molten slag of the present invention, elution of heavy metals in the molten slag can be surely prevented with a small amount of the chemical used.

Claims (3)

都市ゴミの焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰に重合リン酸、重合リン酸塩、リン酸二水素ナトリウム及びリン酸の多価金属塩よりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上を含有する重金属溶出防止剤を混合した後、1200〜1600℃で加熱溶融し、その後冷却する焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰の重金属溶出防止処理方法であって、
前記重金属溶出防止剤は、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム、メタリン酸ナトリウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、ヒドロキシアパタイト、二リン酸三カルシウム、リン酸アルミニウム、又はリン酸鉄( III )であることを特徴とする焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰の重金属溶出防止処理方法。
Heavy metal containing one or more selected from the group consisting of polymerized phosphoric acid, polymerized phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and polyvalent metal salt of phosphoric acid in incineration ash and / or incineration fly ash of municipal waste A method for preventing heavy metal from elution of incineration ash and / or incineration fly ash, which is mixed with an elution inhibitor , heated and melted at 1200 to 1600 ° C., and then cooled .
The heavy metal elution inhibitor is sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, or iron phosphate ( III ). And / or heavy metal elution prevention processing method of incineration fly ash.
請求項1において、前記重金属溶出防止剤の添加量が、前記焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰に対して1〜20重量%の範囲であることを特徴とする焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰の重金属溶出防止処理方法。Oite to claim 1, the added amount of the heavy metal elution preventive agent, ash and / or incineration fly, which is a range of 1 to 20% by weight with respect to the ash and / or incineration fly ash Method for preventing heavy metal elution from ash. 請求項1において、前記重金属溶出防止剤の添加量が、前記焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰に対して1〜10重量%の範囲であることを特徴とする焼却灰及び/又は焼却飛灰の重金属溶出防止処理方法。Oite to claim 1, the added amount of the heavy metal elution preventive agent, ash and / or incineration fly, which is a range of 1 to 10% by weight with respect to the ash and / or incineration fly ash Method for preventing heavy metal elution from ash.
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