JP4093389B2 - Cleaning method and apparatus using unique three-phase flow - Google Patents
Cleaning method and apparatus using unique three-phase flow Download PDFInfo
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- JP4093389B2 JP4093389B2 JP2000212476A JP2000212476A JP4093389B2 JP 4093389 B2 JP4093389 B2 JP 4093389B2 JP 2000212476 A JP2000212476 A JP 2000212476A JP 2000212476 A JP2000212476 A JP 2000212476A JP 4093389 B2 JP4093389 B2 JP 4093389B2
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 48
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
- Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は特異三相流を利用した洗浄方法及び装置に関し、より詳しくは固体、液体、気体の三つの相からなる特異三相流によって食品や小物部品、人体等に付着した汚れを効率良く洗浄する方法及び装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
さつまいもやれんこん等の農作物や卵などの生鮮食品は、市場に流通する前にその産地において表面に付着した泥等の汚れを除去するための洗浄が施されるのが普通であり、従来この洗浄に際しては、高圧水、高圧空気、ブラシ等が使用されている。
しかしながら、このような従来の洗浄方法では、食品の表面に傷が付いたり、充分に汚れが除去できないことが多く、そのために商品価値が低下してしまうことがあった。また、水を使用する洗浄方法の場合には、大量の水を必要とするという問題があった。
また、上記した高圧水、高圧空気、ブラシ等を使用した洗浄方法は、眼鏡やガラス食器、陶器等の破損し易い製品や、複雑な形状の小物部品の洗浄には適していなかった。
一方、洗浄槽内に多数の粒体を入れ、該粒体に対して気体(反応気体等)を送り込んで粒体を流動化させ、得られた固−気2相流を利用して身体等の洗浄を行う装置も提案されているが、この固−気2相流により得られる洗浄作用は上記したような食品や小物部品に付着した汚れを除去するには充分ではなかった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記実情に鑑みてなされたものであって、農作物や卵などの食品、眼鏡等の破損し易い製品、形状の複雑な小物部品などに付着した汚れを短時間で確実に、しかも被洗浄体に傷を付けることなく容易に除去することができる洗浄方法及び装置を提供せんとするものである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に係る発明は、多数の粒体を洗浄槽内において気体流により流動化状態とした後、該洗浄槽内に粒体と同等の比重をもつ液体を供給し、供給した液体が粒体流動層内に分散して適当な大きさの固液凝集体を形成することによって、気体の実質流路面積を減少させて粒体層内を通過する気体流速度を増加させ、これにより粒体層の流動化状態が活性化した特異三相流を発生させ、この特異三相流中において被洗浄体に対してその動きが活性化された粒体を衝突させることを特徴とする特異三相流を利用した洗浄方法に関する。
請求項2に係る発明は、前記洗浄槽内に加熱熱源を設けることを特徴とする請求項1記載の特異三相流を利用した洗浄方法に関する。
【0005】
請求項3に係る発明は、被洗浄体が入る洗浄槽と、該洗浄槽内において被洗浄体に衝突する多数の粒体と、該粒体は通過し得ないが気体は通過し得る開口を有し前記洗浄槽の底部との間に間隙をあけて配設された中底板と、前記洗浄槽の底部に気体を送り込み前記粒体を洗浄槽内にて流動化させる粒体流動化手段と、洗浄槽内に粒体と同等の比重を有する液体を供給して固液凝集体を形成させることにより粒体層の流動化状態が活性化された特異三相流を発生させる流動化活性化手段とからなることを特徴とする特異三相流を利用した洗浄装置に関する。
請求項4に係る発明は、前記洗浄槽内に加熱熱源が設けられてなることを特徴とする請求項3記載の特異三相流を利用した洗浄装置に関する。
請求項5に係る発明は、前記流動化活性化手段が、前記粒体流動化手段により形成された流動層に液体を供給する手段であることを特徴とする請求項3又は4記載の特異三相流を利用した洗浄装置に関する。請求項6に係る発明は、前記洗浄槽内の中底板が傾斜して配設されるとともに、該傾斜の下流側の端部に洗浄槽内に投入された被洗浄体を槽外へと連続的に取り出すための連続取り出し装置が配設されてなることを特徴とする請求項3乃至5いずれかに記載の特異三相流を利用した洗浄装置に関する。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る特異三相流を利用した洗浄方法及び装置について、図面を参照しつつ説明する。
図1は本発明に係る洗浄装置の第一実施形態を示す断面図である。
この第一実施形態に係る洗浄装置はいわゆるバッチ処理式の装置であって、洗浄槽(1)内に投入された被洗浄体(A)に対し、多数の粒体(2)を一定時間衝突させ続けることにより、被洗浄体(A)の表面に付着した汚れを除去するように構成されている。
【0007】
洗浄槽(1)の上部は被洗浄体(A)の出し入れが可能なように開放されており、底面は下に向かうほど狭くなるように傾斜して形成され、その最底部には洗浄槽(1)内に気体を供給するための気体供給口(3)が形成され、該気体供給口(3)にはバルブ(10)を介してブロワー(11)が接続されている。
この図示例の装置では、気体供給口(3)は液体取出口を兼ねており、バルブ(10)を閉じた状態でバルブ(13)を開放することにより、洗浄槽(1)内の液体を抜き取ることができるようになっている。
【0008】
洗浄槽(1)の底面のやや上方位置には、粒体(2)は通過し得ないが気体は通過し得る開口を有した中底板(5)が配設されている。この中底板(5)の上に載置される粒体(2)が被洗浄体(A)が洗浄槽(1)の底部まで落下するのを防ぎ、例えば金網やパンチングメタル等から構成される。
そして、気体供給口(3)から洗浄槽(1)内に供給された気体はこの中底板(5)を通過して上方へと流れ、この流れによって粒体(2)は流動化されて中底板(5)の上方へと吹き上げられる。
【0009】
また、中底板(5)よりも上部位置の洗浄槽(1)の壁面には、洗浄槽(1)内に液体を供給するための液体供給口(4)が設けられており、この液体供給口(4)はバルブ(14)を介して水道管や液体ポンプ等の液体供給源(図示せず)と接続されている。
そして、前述した気体の供給により流動化された粒体(2)に対して、流動層の上部からこの液体供給口(4)からの液体が供給されることによって、粒体(2)の流動化状態が活性化される。
【0010】
現在一般的に、固−気2相流での流動化状態へ液体を投入すると粒子間に液架橋が形成され、チャネリングが発生して粒体の流動化が停止し、粒体層内に気流の通り抜けが発生することが知られている。
ところが、本発明者らは、粒体の大きさや形状及び液体と粒体の濡れ性を考慮した上で投入液体の比重を粒体の比重に近づけることにより、流動開始速度が低下するとともに適量の液体投入で粒体の流動化が活性化することを実験的に知得した。
原理的には、投入した適量の液体が流動層内に分散し、適当な大きさの固液凝集体を形成して実質流路面積を減少させることによって気体流が加速され、これにより粒体層が流動化へと移行し活性化する、即ち特異三相流が発生するものであり、本発明はこの原理を応用したものである。
【0011】
図2は上記原理を模式的に表した説明図であり、(A)は固−気2相流での粒体の流動化状態を示しており、(B)は(A)の状態にある槽内に適量の液体を投入した状態を示しており、(C)は液体を投入しなかった状態を示している。図示のように、固−気2相流での粒体(2)の流動化状態へ液体を投入すると投入した液体が流動層内に分散し、適当な大きさの固液凝集体(7)を形成して実質流路面積を減少させ、これによって気体流が加速される。即ちv1>v2となる。
図3は、液体投入の有無による、気体流が粒体層を通過する際の圧力損失ΔPと空塔速度Q/S(Q:気体流量、S:層断面積)の関係の変化を表したグラフであり、実線は液体投入が無い場合、二点鎖線は液体投入を行った場合をそれぞれ示し、これらの線上の黒丸は流動化開始点を示している。つまり、同一気流速度で比べれば流動化の状態は活性化されることになる。
図示のように、液体投入を行った場合には液体投入が無い場合に比べて流動化開始速度が小さくなる(vB <vC )。
【0012】
上記したように、本発明においては、洗浄槽(1)内に供給される液体と粒体(2)の比重を同等とすることが必要であるが、具体的に、液体の比重を1としたときは、粒体の比重が約1〜1.5程度の範囲にあるとよい。
粒体(2)の材質としては、ゲル、ゲル発泡体、ガラス、セラミック、合成樹脂、多孔質焼結材等を挙げることができ、例えば液体が水(比重1)である場合には粒体(2)として約比重1のゲル、合成樹脂、多孔質焼結材が好適に使用される。また、液体としては他に硫酸バリウム水溶液、シリコン液(ガラス粉末入り)、食塩水が好適に使用される。
尚、粒体(2)の形状は好ましくは球形又は円柱形とされ、その直径は1mm以上とされる。直径を1mm以上とすると、粒体は液体によってあまり拘束されないために流動化が活性化され易い。
【0013】
また本発明においては、供給される液体の量は少量とされるが、具体的には、供給される液体の量(容積)が、気体流により流動化された粒体からなる静止充填層の容積の約5〜30%程度となるようにすると、流動化状態をより確実に活性化させることが可能となるため好ましい。
【0014】
図4は、比重1のプラスチック球からなる粒体の径φと液体投入率v/V(v:投入液体容積、V:粒体容積)の関係を示すグラフであり、実線は液体A(比重0.5)、一点鎖線は液体B(比重1.0)、二点鎖線は液体C(比重2.0)の場合をそれぞれ示しており、ε0 は流動化された粒体からなる静止充填層の空間率が0となる点、即ち粒体間が液体で満たされる点を示している。但し、液体A,B,C共に粒体との濡れ性が同等の場合を示す。
このグラフにおいて、ε0 よりも上の領域は通常の固−気−液三相流の領域であり、各グラフ曲線の左上の領域はチャネリング領域であり、各グラフ曲線の右下の領域が本発明において利用される特異三相流領域である。
また、縦軸にcで表したのは径φ Cの粒体と液体Cを使用した場合に特異三相流が得られる境界であり、bで表したのは径φ Bの粒体と液体Bを使用した場合に特異三相流が得られる境界であり、aで表したのは径φ Aの粒体と液体Aを使用した場合に特異三相流が得られる境界である。
そしてこの図は、粒体がプラスチックの球体でその比重が1の場合には、特異三相流を得ることができる液体は液体A〜Cの範囲であることを示している。
【0015】
以下、上記した第一実施形態に係る洗浄装置を使用した洗浄方法について説明する。
先ず、洗浄槽(1)の中底板(5)上に多数の粒体(2)を載置した状態で、ブロワー(11)を作動させて気体供給口(3)から洗浄槽(1)内に気体を供給し、これにより粒体(2)を流動化させて上方へと吹き上げる。
そして、粒体(2)が空気流に浮かされているがほぼ静止した状態にある流動化層に対してその上部より、洗浄槽(1)内に粒体(2)と同等の比重をもつ適量の液体を液体供給口(4)から供給し、これによって粒体層の流動化状態が活性化した特異三相流を発生させる。
そして、農作物等の被洗浄体(A)を洗浄槽(1)の上部から投入し、被洗浄体(A)を粒体(2)の流動化状態が活性化した特異三相流の中に入れることによって、被洗浄体(A)に対して多数の流動化が活性化された粒体(2)を衝突させる。すると、粒体(2)の衝突摩擦作用によって被洗浄体(A)の表面に付着した汚れが除去される。
被洗浄体(A)の汚れが除去されたことが目視で確認できたら、被洗浄体(A)を洗浄槽(1)の上部から取り出して洗浄作業を終了する。
【0016】
図5は本発明に係る洗浄装置の第二実施形態を示す断面図である。
この第二実施形態に係る洗浄装置は連続処理式の装置であって、被洗浄体(A)を洗浄槽(1)の一端部に投入し、投入された被洗浄体(A)を槽内で移動させながら多数の粒体(2)を衝突させて被洗浄体(A)の表面に付着した汚れを除去し、洗浄後の被洗浄体(A)を洗浄槽(1)の他端部から自動的に取り出すように構成されている。
【0017】
第二実施形態に係る洗浄装置の基本構成は前記第一実施形態のものと同じであるため、同じ構成には同じ符号を付して説明を省略し、異なる点についてのみ説明する。
この第二実施形態に係る洗浄装置では、洗浄槽(1)内において中底板(5)が洗浄槽(1)の一端側から他端側へ向けて傾斜して配設されており、このように中底板(5)が傾斜して配設されていることによって、洗浄槽(1)内に投入された被洗浄体(A)を中底板(5)に沿って自動的に洗浄槽(1)の一端側から他端側へ向けて移動させることが可能となっている。尚、以下の文章では中底板(5)の傾斜が高い方を上流側、低い方を下流側と称する。
【0018】
そして、上記傾斜の下流端の洗浄槽(1)内には、ベルト表面に一定間隔で引っ掛け用フック(15)を有する回転コンベアからなる連続取り出し装置(6)が配設されている。
この連続取り出し装置(6)は、その下端部が中底板(5)のやや上部位置にあり、上端部が洗浄槽(1)の側壁よりもやや上部位置にあるように配置されており、これによって中底板(5)上を傾斜に沿って流れてきた被洗浄体(A)はその下流端において連続取り出し装置(6)の引っ掛け用フック(15)に引っ掛けられてコンベアの回転に伴って上方へ移動し、洗浄槽(1)の外部へと自動的に取り出されるようになる。
【0019】
以下、第二実施形態に係る洗浄装置を使用した洗浄方法について説明する。
先ず、洗浄槽(1)の中底板(5)上に多数の粒体(2)を載置した状態で、ブロワー(11)を作動させて気体供給口(3)から洗浄槽(1)内に気体を供給し、これにより粒体(2)を流動化させて上方へと吹き上げる。
そして、粒体(2)が空気流に浮かされているがほぼ静止した状態にある流動化層に対してその上部より、洗浄槽(1)内に粒体(2)と同等の比重をもつ適量の液体を液体供給口(4)から供給し、これによって粒体層の流動化状態が活性化した特異三相流を発生させる。
そして、農作物等の被洗浄体(A)を洗浄槽(1)の上流端から投入し、被洗浄体(A)を粒体(2)の流動化状態が活性化した特異三相流の中に入れることによって、被洗浄体(A)に対して多数の流動化が活性化された粒体(2)を衝突させる。このとき、被洗浄体(A)は中底板(5)の傾斜に沿って下流側へと移動しながら多数の粒体(2)の衝突摩擦作用によりその表面に付着した汚れが除去される。
そして、汚れが除去された被洗浄体(A)は洗浄槽(1)の下流端部に配設された連続取り出し装置(6)によって洗浄槽(1)の外部へと自動的に取り出され洗浄作業が終了する。
尚、連続取り出し装置(6)は予め洗浄槽(1)内に配設しておいてもよいが、投入された全ての被洗浄体(A)の洗浄が終わった後に配設して被洗浄体(A)を取り出すようにしてもよい。
【0020】
図6は本発明に係る洗浄装置の第三実施形態を示す断面図である。
この第三実施形態に係る洗浄装置は身体洗浄装置であって、洗浄槽(1)内に入った人間である被洗浄体(A)に対し、多数の粒体(2)を湯や洗浄剤等と共に衝突させることにより、人体の表面に付着した汚れを除去するように構成されている。この第三実施形態に係る洗浄装置は、特に自力での入浴が困難な病人や老人等の身体洗浄装置として好適に利用され、図示例は被洗浄者が車椅子に座って洗浄槽(1)内に入った状態を示している。
【0021】
第三実施形態に係る洗浄装置では、洗浄槽(1)内において中底板(5)の上方位置にヒーター等からなる加熱熱源(8)が配設されており、この加熱熱源(8)によって洗浄槽(1)内を加熱することが可能となっている。尚、他の構成は基本的に前記第一実施形態のものと同じであるため、同じ構成には同じ符号を付して説明を省略する。
【0022】
この第三実施形態に係る洗浄装置は、特異三相流が有する特異な熱伝導率特性を利用するものであり、以下図7及び図8に基づいてこの特異三相流が有する熱伝導率特性について説明する。
図8は、図7に示すように、槽(1)の下方位置に加熱熱源としてのヒーター(8)を、上方位置に熱電対(9)をそれぞれ設置し、下方から上方に向けて気体流を送り込み、粒体(2)を槽(1)内にて吹き上げて、粒体層の上方から水・湯・洗浄剤を投入した場合の熱伝達率特性を表すグラフであり、グラフ内の記号は、α(=v/V):水・湯・洗浄剤投入率、h(=C/S(tH −tC )):熱伝達率、hm :固−気二相流最大限熱伝達率(α=0の場合)、(umf)0:固−気二相流流動化開始速度(α=0の場合)、(umf)α:固−気−液三相流流動化開始速度(α>0の場合)、ε0 :空間率である。但し、S:ヒーター表面積、C:ヒーター供給熱量、tH :ヒーター表面温度、tC :熱電対測定温度、v:水・湯・洗浄剤投入量、V:粒体層容積、Q:供給空気量、A:槽断面積、u(=Q/A):空塔速度である。
【0023】
図8から、α≒ε0 及びα=0.1で示される特異三相流は、α=0で示される固−気二相流に比べて熱伝達率が格段に高いことが分かる。尚、α≧ε0 で示される通常の固−気−液三相流は更に高い熱伝達率を有しているが、この通常の固−気−液三相流は以下に説明するように流動化の際の圧力損失が非常に大きい。
【0024】
図9は、特異三相流、固−気二相流、通常の固−気−液三相流の圧力損失の違いを示すグラフである。尚、図中、ΔPは圧力損失、ucrは特異三相流の流動化開始速度、um は固−気二相流の流動化開始速度、ul は通常の固−気−液三相流の流動化開始速度をそれぞれ表しており、他の記号は図8と同じである。
図示のように、通常の固−気−液三相流は特異三相流に比べて圧力損失が非常に大きく、特異三相流と固−気二相流との圧力損失の差は小さい。また、特異三相流及び固−気二相流とでは、洗浄可能な流動化速度の差が非常に大きい。
【0025】
図8及び図9から分かるように、特異三相流は固−気二相流に比べて熱伝達率が格段に高く、また圧力損失は通常の固−気−液三相流に比べて格段に小さくて固−気二相流との差は余りない。
第三実施形態に係る洗浄装置は、特異三相流が有するこの特性を利用することによって、少ない空気流量により流動化状態を活性化させるとともに、少ない供給熱量で被洗浄体に対して充分な熱量を与え、これにより優れた洗浄効果を得るように構成したものである。
【0026】
以下、上記した第三実施形態に係る洗浄装置を使用した洗浄方法について説明する。
先ず、被洗浄体(A)となる身体を洗浄される人が洗浄槽(1)内に入った状態にて、ヒーターからなる加熱熱源(8)を動作させ、次いでブロワー(図示せず)を作動させて気体供給口(3)から洗浄槽(1)内に気体(温風)を供給し、これにより洗浄槽(1)の中底板(5)上に載置された多数の粒体(2)を流動化させて上方へと吹き上げる。
そして、粒体(2)が空気流に浮かされているがほぼ静止した状態にある流動化層に対してその上部より、洗浄槽(1)内に粒体(2)と同等の比重をもつ適量の液体(水・湯・洗浄剤)を液体供給口(4)から供給し、これによって粒体層の流動化状態が活性化した特異三相流を発生させる。
すると、被洗浄体(A)に対して多数の流動化が活性化された粒体(2)が衝突し、粒体(2)の衝突摩擦作用によって被洗浄体(A)の表面に付着した汚れが除去される。このとき、特異三相流が高い熱伝達率を有しているため、加熱熱源(8)の熱は迅速に且つ効率良く身体表面へと伝わり、洗浄効果により優れたものとなる。
【0027】
尚、前述した第一及び第二実施形態の装置に加熱熱源を設けることにより、第三実施形態と同様に特異三相流の熱伝達特性を利用して野菜や小物部品等の洗浄を行うことも可能である。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明に係る特異三相流を利用した洗浄方法及び装置によれば、気体流によって流動化された粒体を液体の供給によって更に活性化させて特異三相流として被洗浄体に対して衝突させるために、液体のみ或いは気体のみによって流動化された粒体、即ち二相流の場合に比べて被洗浄体に対する衝突摩擦作用が大きくなり、短時間で優れた洗浄効果を発揮することが可能となり、しかも過度の衝撃力が被洗浄体に加わることがなく被洗浄体が破損したり傷付くことがない。また、通常の固−気−液三相流によって粒体を流動化させる場合に比べて気体流のエネルギーが非常に小さくて済む。
また、特異三相流は固−気二相流に比べて熱伝達率が格段に高く、また圧力損失は通常の固−気−液三相流に比べて格段に小さいので、洗浄槽内に加熱熱源を設けることによって、少ないエネルギー消費で加熱による優れた洗浄効果を得ることが可能となる。
更に、洗浄槽内の中底板を傾斜して配設し、該傾斜の下流側の端部に洗浄槽内に投入された被洗浄体を槽外へと連続的に取り出すための連続取り出し装置を設けた洗浄装置によれば、被洗浄体を連続的に洗浄槽内に投入して洗浄した後に取り出すことができ、作業効率に優れたものとなる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る洗浄装置の第一実施形態を示す断面図である。
【図2】本発明に係る洗浄装置の原理を模式的に表した説明図である。
【図3】液体投入の有無による気体流が粒体層を通過する際の圧力損失と空塔速度の関係の変化を表したグラフである。
【図4】粒体の径φと液体投入率v/Vの関係を示すグラフである。
【図5】本発明に係る洗浄装置の第二実施形態を示す断面図である。
【図6】本発明に係る洗浄装置の第一実施形態を示す断面図である。
【図7】特異三相流が有する熱伝導率特性を説明するための説明図である。
【図8】特異三相流が有する熱伝導率特性を説明するためのグラフである。
【図9】特異三相流、固−気二相流、通常の固−気−液三相流の圧力損失の違いを示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
1 洗浄槽
2 粒体
4 液体供給口
5 中底板
6 連続取り出し装置
8 加熱熱源
A 被洗浄体[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cleaning method and apparatus using a specific three-phase flow, and more specifically, efficiently cleans dirt adhered to food, small parts, the human body, etc. by a specific three-phase flow consisting of three phases of solid, liquid, and gas. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Fresh produce such as sweet potatoes and lotus roots and fresh foods such as eggs are usually washed to remove dirt such as mud adhering to the surface in the production area before being distributed to the market. At that time, high-pressure water, high-pressure air, a brush, or the like is used.
However, in such a conventional cleaning method, there are many cases where the surface of the food is scratched or the dirt cannot be sufficiently removed, and thus the commercial value may be lowered. In the case of a cleaning method using water, there is a problem that a large amount of water is required.
Further, the above-described cleaning method using high-pressure water, high-pressure air, brushes, and the like is not suitable for cleaning easily damaged products such as glasses, glass tableware, and ceramics, and small parts having complicated shapes.
On the other hand, a large number of particles are put in a washing tank, gas (reaction gas, etc.) is sent to the particles to fluidize the particles, and the body or the like using the obtained solid-gas two-phase flow However, the cleaning action obtained by this solid-gas two-phase flow has not been sufficient to remove the dirt adhering to food and small parts as described above.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is possible to reliably and quickly remove dirt adhered to foods such as crops and eggs, easily damaged products such as glasses, and small parts having complicated shapes. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cleaning method and apparatus that can be easily removed without damaging the cleaning body.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the invention according to
The invention according to
[0005]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cleaning tank in which an object to be cleaned enters, a large number of particles that collide with the object to be cleaned in the cleaning tank, and an opening through which the gas cannot pass but gas can pass. An intermediate bottom plate disposed with a gap between the bottom of the cleaning tank, and a granule fluidizing means for feeding gas into the bottom of the cleaning tank and fluidizing the granules in the cleaning tank; Fluidization activation that generates a specific three-phase flow in which the fluidized state of the granular layer is activated by supplying a liquid having a specific gravity equivalent to that of the granular body into the washing tank to form a solid-liquid aggregate It is related with the washing | cleaning apparatus using a peculiar three-phase flow characterized by comprising.
The invention according to
The invention according to
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a cleaning method and apparatus using a specific three-phase flow according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a cleaning apparatus according to the present invention.
The cleaning apparatus according to the first embodiment is a so-called batch processing type apparatus, and a large number of particles (2) collide with a target object (A) charged into the cleaning tank (1) for a certain period of time. By making it continue, it is comprised so that the stain | pollution | contamination adhering to the surface of to-be-cleaned body (A) may be removed.
[0007]
The upper part of the cleaning tank (1) is opened so that the object to be cleaned (A) can be taken in and out, and the bottom surface is formed so as to become narrower as it goes downward, and the cleaning tank ( 1) A gas supply port (3) for supplying gas is formed inside, and a blower (11) is connected to the gas supply port (3) via a valve (10).
In the apparatus of this illustrated example, the gas supply port (3) also serves as a liquid outlet, and by opening the valve (13) with the valve (10) closed, the liquid in the cleaning tank (1) is removed. It can be extracted.
[0008]
An intermediate bottom plate (5) having an opening through which gas (2) cannot pass but gas can pass is disposed slightly above the bottom surface of the cleaning tank (1). The granular material (2) placed on the inner bottom plate (5) prevents the object to be cleaned (A) from dropping to the bottom of the cleaning tank (1), and is composed of, for example, a wire mesh or punching metal. .
The gas supplied from the gas supply port (3) into the washing tank (1) flows upward through the inner bottom plate (5), and the particles (2) are fluidized by this flow. It blows up above the bottom plate (5).
[0009]
Further, a liquid supply port (4) for supplying a liquid into the cleaning tank (1) is provided on the wall surface of the cleaning tank (1) at an upper position than the middle bottom plate (5). The port (4) is connected to a liquid supply source (not shown) such as a water pipe or a liquid pump through a valve (14).
And by supplying the liquid from the liquid supply port (4) from the upper part of the fluidized bed to the particles (2) fluidized by the gas supply described above, the flow of the particles (2) The activation state is activated.
[0010]
Currently, when a liquid is put into a fluidized state in a solid-gas two-phase flow, liquid bridges are formed between the particles, channeling occurs, the fluidization of the particles stops, and the airflow in the particle layer It is known that passage through occurs.
However, the present inventors consider the size and shape of the particles and the wettability between the liquid and the particles, and bring the specific gravity of the input liquid closer to the specific gravity of the particles. It was experimentally learned that the fluidization of the granules was activated by the liquid injection.
In principle, an appropriate amount of liquid charged is dispersed in the fluidized bed, forming a solid-liquid aggregate of an appropriate size and reducing the substantial flow area, thereby accelerating the gas flow, thereby The bed shifts to fluidization and is activated, that is, a specific three-phase flow is generated. The present invention applies this principle.
[0011]
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing the above principle, where (A) shows the fluidized state of the particles in a solid-gas two-phase flow, and (B) is in the state (A). A state in which an appropriate amount of liquid is put into the tank is shown, and (C) shows a state in which no liquid is put in. As shown in the figure, when the liquid is introduced into the fluidized state of the particles (2) in the solid-gas two-phase flow, the introduced liquid is dispersed in the fluidized bed, and the solid-liquid aggregate (7) having an appropriate size. To substantially reduce the flow area, thereby accelerating the gas flow. That is, v1> v2.
FIG. 3 shows a change in the relationship between the pressure loss ΔP when the gas flow passes through the granular layer and the superficial velocity Q / S (Q: gas flow rate, S: layer cross-sectional area) depending on whether or not liquid is charged. In the graph, a solid line indicates a case where no liquid is supplied, a two-dot chain line indicates a case where a liquid is supplied, and a black circle on these lines indicates a fluidization start point. That is, when compared at the same air velocity, the fluidized state is activated.
As shown in the figure, when the liquid is supplied, the fluidization start speed becomes smaller than when no liquid is supplied (v B <v C ).
[0012]
As described above, in the present invention, it is necessary to make the specific gravity of the liquid supplied into the cleaning tank (1) and the granule (2) equal, but specifically, the specific gravity of the liquid is set to 1. When it does, it is good that the specific gravity of a granule exists in the range of about 1-1.5.
Examples of the material of the granule (2) include gel, gel foam, glass, ceramic, synthetic resin, porous sintered material, and the like, for example, when the liquid is water (specific gravity 1). As (2), a gel having a specific gravity of 1, a synthetic resin, or a porous sintered material is preferably used. Further, as the liquid, a barium sulfate aqueous solution, a silicon liquid (with glass powder), and a saline solution are preferably used.
The shape of the granule (2) is preferably spherical or cylindrical, and its diameter is 1 mm or more. When the diameter is set to 1 mm or more, the particles are not easily restrained by the liquid, so that fluidization is easily activated.
[0013]
In the present invention, the amount of liquid to be supplied is small, but specifically, the amount (volume) of the liquid to be supplied is that of the stationary packed bed composed of particles fluidized by the gas flow. A volume of about 5 to 30% is preferable because the fluidized state can be more reliably activated.
[0014]
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the diameter φ of particles made of plastic spheres having a specific gravity of 1 and the liquid input rate v / V (v: input liquid volume, V: particle volume), and the solid line indicates the liquid A (specific gravity). 0.5), the alternate long and short dash line indicates the case of liquid B (specific gravity 1.0), and the alternate long and two short dashes line indicates liquid C (specific gravity 2.0), respectively, and ε 0 is static filling made of fluidized granules. It shows the point where the space ratio of the layer becomes 0, that is, the point between the particles is filled with the liquid. However, the liquids A, B, and C show the case where the wettability with the particles is equal.
In this graph, the region above ε 0 is a normal solid-gas-liquid three-phase region, the upper left region of each graph curve is the channeling region, and the lower right region of each graph curve is the main region. It is a unique three-phase flow region used in the invention.
In addition, the vertical axis c represents a boundary where a specific three-phase flow can be obtained when using particles and liquid C having a diameter φ C , and b represents particles and liquid having a diameter φ B. A boundary where a specific three-phase flow is obtained when B is used, and a boundary represented by a is a boundary where a specific three-phase flow is obtained when a particle having a diameter φ A and liquid A are used.
This figure shows that when the particles are plastic spheres and the specific gravity is 1, the liquid capable of obtaining a specific three-phase flow is in the range of liquids A to C.
[0015]
Hereinafter, a cleaning method using the cleaning apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described.
First, in a state where a large number of granules (2) are placed on the inner bottom plate (5) of the cleaning tank (1), the blower (11) is operated to enter the cleaning tank (1) from the gas supply port (3). Is supplied with gas, thereby fluidizing the granules (2) and blowing them upward.
Then, an appropriate amount having a specific gravity equivalent to that of the granules (2) in the washing tank (1) from above the fluidized bed in which the granules (2) are floated in the air flow but are almost stationary. Is supplied from the liquid supply port (4), thereby generating a specific three-phase flow in which the fluidized state of the granular layer is activated.
And to-be-cleaned body (A), such as agricultural products, is thrown in from the upper part of a washing tank (1), and the to-be-cleaned body (A) is in the peculiar three-phase flow where the fluidization state of the granule (2) was activated By inserting, a large number of fluidized particles (2) collide with the body (A) to be cleaned. Then, the dirt adhering to the surface of the object to be cleaned (A) is removed by the collision friction action of the granules (2).
When it can be visually confirmed that the object to be cleaned (A) has been cleaned, the object to be cleaned (A) is taken out from the upper part of the cleaning tank (1) and the cleaning operation is finished.
[0016]
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment of the cleaning apparatus according to the present invention.
The cleaning apparatus according to the second embodiment is a continuous processing type apparatus, in which the object to be cleaned (A) is put into one end of the cleaning tank (1), and the object to be cleaned (A) is put into the tank. The particles (2) colliding with each other while being moved in order to remove the dirt adhering to the surface of the object to be cleaned (A), and the object to be cleaned (A) is washed with the other end of the cleaning tank (1). It is configured to be automatically taken out from.
[0017]
Since the basic configuration of the cleaning apparatus according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof is omitted, and only different points will be described.
In the cleaning apparatus according to the second embodiment, the inner bottom plate (5) is disposed in an inclined manner from one end side to the other end side of the cleaning tank (1) in the cleaning tank (1). Since the insole plate (5) is inclined, the object to be cleaned (A) put into the cleaning tank (1) is automatically washed along the insole plate (5) (1). ) From one end side to the other end side. In the following text, the higher slope of the midsole plate (5) is referred to as the upstream side, and the lower slope is referred to as the downstream side.
[0018]
In the washing tank (1) at the downstream end of the slope, a continuous take-out device (6) comprising a rotating conveyor having hooks (15) for hooking at regular intervals on the belt surface is disposed.
The continuous take-out device (6) is arranged such that its lower end is slightly above the middle bottom plate (5) and its upper end is slightly above the side wall of the cleaning tank (1). The object to be cleaned (A) that has flowed along the slope on the inner bottom plate (5) is hooked on the hook (15) of the continuous take-out device (6) at the downstream end thereof, and moves upward as the conveyor rotates. And automatically taken out of the washing tank (1).
[0019]
Hereinafter, a cleaning method using the cleaning apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described.
First, in a state where a large number of granules (2) are placed on the inner bottom plate (5) of the cleaning tank (1), the blower (11) is operated to enter the cleaning tank (1) from the gas supply port (3). Is supplied with gas, thereby fluidizing the granules (2) and blowing them upward.
Then, an appropriate amount having a specific gravity equivalent to that of the granules (2) in the washing tank (1) from above the fluidized bed in which the granules (2) are floated in the air flow but are almost stationary. Is supplied from the liquid supply port (4), thereby generating a specific three-phase flow in which the fluidized state of the granular layer is activated.
Then, an object to be cleaned (A) such as a crop is introduced from the upstream end of the cleaning tank (1), and the object to be cleaned (A) is in a specific three-phase flow in which the fluidized state of the granules (2) is activated. By putting in, the particle | grains (2) by which many fluidization was activated collided with to-be-cleaned body (A). At this time, while the object to be cleaned (A) moves downstream along the inclination of the midsole plate (5), the dirt adhered to the surface is removed by the collision friction action of a large number of granules (2).
Then, the object to be cleaned (A) from which the dirt has been removed is automatically taken out of the washing tank (1) and washed by the continuous take-out device (6) disposed at the downstream end of the washing tank (1). The work is finished.
The continuous take-out device (6) may be disposed in the cleaning tank (1) in advance, but is disposed after all the objects to be cleaned (A) have been cleaned. The body (A) may be taken out.
[0020]
FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of the cleaning apparatus according to the present invention.
The cleaning apparatus according to the third embodiment is a body cleaning apparatus, and a large number of granules (2) are poured into hot water or a cleaning agent with respect to an object to be cleaned (A) that has entered the cleaning tank (1). It is configured to remove dirt adhering to the surface of the human body by colliding with the like. The cleaning apparatus according to the third embodiment is preferably used as a body cleaning apparatus for sick persons and elderly persons who are difficult to bathe by themselves. In the illustrated example, the person to be cleaned sits in a wheelchair and the cleaning tank (1) The state entered is shown.
[0021]
In the cleaning apparatus according to the third embodiment, a heating heat source (8) composed of a heater or the like is disposed above the midsole plate (5) in the cleaning tank (1), and cleaning is performed by the heating heat source (8). The inside of the tank (1) can be heated. Since the other configuration is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, the same reference numeral is given to the same configuration and the description is omitted.
[0022]
The cleaning device according to the third embodiment uses the unique thermal conductivity characteristic of the specific three-phase flow, and the thermal conductivity characteristic of the specific three-phase flow is described below with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. Will be described.
FIG. 8 shows a heater (8) as a heating heat source at a lower position of the tank (1) and a thermocouple (9) at an upper position, respectively, as shown in FIG. Is a graph showing the heat transfer coefficient characteristics when water, hot water, and a detergent are introduced from above the particle layer by blowing up the particles (2) in the tank (1). Α (= v / V): water / hot water / cleaning agent charging rate, h (= C / S (t H −t C )): heat transfer rate, h m : solid-gas two-phase flow maximum heat Transmission rate (when α = 0), (u mf ) 0 : solid-gas two-phase flow fluidization start speed (when α = 0), (u mf ) α: solid-gas-liquid three-phase flow fluidization Starting speed (when α> 0), ε 0 : space factor. However, S: Heater surface area, C: Heater supply heat amount, t H : Heater surface temperature, t C : Thermocouple measurement temperature, v: Water / hot water / cleaning agent input amount, V: Particle layer volume, Q: Supply air Amount, A: tank cross-sectional area, u (= Q / A): superficial velocity.
[0023]
From FIG. 8, it can be seen that the singular three-phase flow represented by α≈ε 0 and α = 0.1 has a significantly higher heat transfer coefficient than the solid-gas two-phase flow represented by α = 0. Incidentally, the normal solid-gas-liquid three-phase flow represented by α ≧ ε 0 has a higher heat transfer coefficient, but this normal solid-gas-liquid three-phase flow is described below. The pressure loss during fluidization is very large.
[0024]
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the difference in pressure loss between a specific three-phase flow, a solid-gas two-phase flow, and a normal solid-gas-liquid three-phase flow. In the figure, ΔP is the pressure loss, u cr is the fluidization start speed of the singular three-phase flow, u m is the fluidization start speed of the solid-gas two-phase flow, and u 1 is a normal solid-gas-liquid three-phase flow. The flow fluidization start speed is shown respectively, and the other symbols are the same as in FIG.
As shown in the figure, the normal solid-gas-liquid three-phase flow has a very large pressure loss compared to the singular three-phase flow, and the difference in pressure loss between the singular three-phase flow and the solid-gas two-phase flow is small. In addition, the difference in the fluidization speed that can be washed is very large between the specific three-phase flow and the solid-gas two-phase flow.
[0025]
As can be seen from FIGS. 8 and 9, the specific three-phase flow has a significantly higher heat transfer coefficient than the solid-gas two-phase flow, and the pressure loss is much higher than that of the normal solid-gas-liquid three-phase flow. There is not much difference between the small and solid-gas two-phase flow.
The cleaning device according to the third embodiment activates the fluidized state with a small air flow rate by utilizing this characteristic of the unique three-phase flow, and also has a sufficient amount of heat for the object to be cleaned with a small amount of supplied heat. Thus, an excellent cleaning effect is obtained.
[0026]
Hereinafter, a cleaning method using the cleaning apparatus according to the third embodiment will be described.
First, in a state where a person who is to clean the body to be cleaned (A) enters the cleaning tank (1), the heating heat source (8) including a heater is operated, and then a blower (not shown) is operated. A gas (warm air) is supplied into the cleaning tank (1) from the gas supply port (3) by operating, and thereby a large number of granules (5) placed on the inner bottom plate (5) of the cleaning tank (1) ( 2) is fluidized and blown upward.
Then, an appropriate amount having a specific gravity equivalent to that of the granules (2) in the washing tank (1) from above the fluidized bed in which the granules (2) are floated in the air flow but are almost stationary. Liquid (water / hot water / cleaning agent) is supplied from the liquid supply port (4), thereby generating a specific three-phase flow in which the fluidized state of the granular layer is activated.
Then, a large number of fluidized particles (2) collide with the object to be cleaned (A), and adhere to the surface of the object to be cleaned (A) by the collisional friction action of the particles (2). Dirt is removed. At this time, since the unique three-phase flow has a high heat transfer coefficient, the heat of the heating heat source (8) is quickly and efficiently transmitted to the body surface, and the cleaning effect is excellent.
[0027]
In addition, by providing a heating heat source in the apparatus of the first and second embodiments described above, vegetables and small parts are washed using the heat transfer characteristics of the unique three-phase flow as in the third embodiment. Is also possible.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the cleaning method and apparatus using the specific three-phase flow according to the present invention, the particles that have been fluidized by the gas flow are further activated by supplying the liquid to be covered as a specific three-phase flow. Compared to the case of particles that are fluidized only with a liquid or gas, that is, a two-phase flow in order to collide against the cleaning object, the impact frictional action against the object to be cleaned becomes larger, and an excellent cleaning effect in a short time In addition, an excessive impact force is not applied to the object to be cleaned, and the object to be cleaned is not damaged or damaged. Further, the energy of the gas flow can be very small compared to the case where the particles are fluidized by a normal solid-gas-liquid three-phase flow.
In addition, the specific three-phase flow has a much higher heat transfer coefficient than the solid-gas two-phase flow, and the pressure loss is much smaller than the normal solid-gas-liquid three-phase flow. By providing a heating heat source, it is possible to obtain an excellent cleaning effect by heating with less energy consumption.
Furthermore, a continuous take-out device is provided for inclining the inner bottom plate in the cleaning tank and continuously taking out the object to be cleaned put into the cleaning tank at the end on the downstream side of the inclination. According to the provided cleaning device, the object to be cleaned can be continuously put into the cleaning tank and cleaned, and the work efficiency is excellent.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a cleaning apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing the principle of a cleaning apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a change in the relationship between pressure loss and superficial velocity when a gas flow passes through a granular layer depending on whether or not liquid is charged.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a particle diameter φ and a liquid input rate v / V.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of the cleaning apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of a cleaning apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram for explaining thermal conductivity characteristics of a specific three-phase flow.
FIG. 8 is a graph for explaining thermal conductivity characteristics of a specific three-phase flow.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing a difference in pressure loss between a specific three-phase flow, a solid-gas two-phase flow, and a normal solid-gas-liquid three-phase flow.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (6)
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| JP2000212476A JP4093389B2 (en) | 2000-07-13 | 2000-07-13 | Cleaning method and apparatus using unique three-phase flow |
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| JP2000212476A JP4093389B2 (en) | 2000-07-13 | 2000-07-13 | Cleaning method and apparatus using unique three-phase flow |
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| JP2002028581A JP2002028581A (en) | 2002-01-29 |
| JP4093389B2 true JP4093389B2 (en) | 2008-06-04 |
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| JP4580916B2 (en) | 2005-11-02 | 2010-11-17 | 株式会社リコー | Cleaning device and cleaning method |
| CN112931300A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2021-06-11 | 陈亚勤 | Repeated pressure flow type quail egg cleaning equipment capable of achieving disordered effect and cleaning method |
| CN110479741B (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2020-11-27 | 宜兴国际环保城科技发展有限公司 | Harmless treatment process for oil-containing sediment gas-induced vibration |
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