JP4096537B2 - Coke shrinkage measurement method - Google Patents
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- JP4096537B2 JP4096537B2 JP2001284877A JP2001284877A JP4096537B2 JP 4096537 B2 JP4096537 B2 JP 4096537B2 JP 2001284877 A JP2001284877 A JP 2001284877A JP 2001284877 A JP2001284877 A JP 2001284877A JP 4096537 B2 JP4096537 B2 JP 4096537B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、石炭乾留後のコークス収縮量を、試験コークス炉を用いて効率よく、正確に測定する方法について提案する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
通常の室炉式コークス炉において、石炭層は、炉壁れんがを介して加熱されるため、炉壁面に近い部分の石炭から急速に乾留されてコークスとなる。そして、乾留終了後では、コークス自体が炉幅方向(水平方向)に収縮するため、炉壁とコークス層との間、およびコークス炭芯に隙間が生じ、この隙間の存在により、生成したコークスを、コークス炉より容易に押し出すことができるようになるのである。
【0003】
したがって、コークスの収縮量が不十分な場合には、コークスの押出し不良を生じることになり、生産性が低下することに加え、プッシャ−ロッドからの過大な横圧により炉壁が大きなダメージを受けることになる。
このような背景の下で、コークスの収縮量を正確に把握することが必要であり、このことがコークス炉の操業の安定化および炉体長寿命化を実現することになると考えられる。
【0004】
従来、コークス炉幅方向へのコークス収縮量の測定は、小型の試験コークス炉(2〜500kg)を用いて行なわれている。この試験コークス炉を用いたコークス収縮量の測定方法は、熱間(コークス温度および炉壁温度:1000℃以上)の状態においては、炉壁に開口した窓孔からロッドを挿入してコークス面に直接押し当て、そのロッドの変位を読み取る方法が一般的な方法である。
一方、冷間(コークス温度および炉壁温度:室温)の状態においては、図1に示すように、乾留後の炉壁面と生成コークス表面との隙間に形成されたガラスビーズを装入し、その装入量から収縮量を算出する方法が用いられている。しかしながら、こうした測定方法では、ガラスビーズがコークス表面の亀裂に入り込み、測定誤差が生じたり、ガラスビーズの取扱の悪さや測定効率の低さなどの問題点があった。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明の目的は、従来技術が抱えている上述した問題点のないコークスの平均収縮量(冷間)の測定方法を提案することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的の実現に向けた研究の中で、発明者らは、試験コークス炉の炉壁内面と乾留後のコークス表面までの水平距離を所定面積範囲において、所定のピッチで測定し、その測定値の平均値を算出すればコークスの平均収縮量を正確に求めることができることを知見し、本発明を開発するに到った。
【0007】
即ち、本発明は、乾留後のコークスの収縮量を試験コークス炉を用いてレーザ変位計で測定する方法において、前記試験コークス炉中の乾留後のコークスを冷却し、炉壁を外した後そのコークスの表面までの水平距離(x)を上下・左右方向に移動可能な非接触のレーザ変位計を用い、90mmL×90mmHの面積範囲を3.5mm〜5mmピッチで測定し、該試験コークス炉の初期炉壁鉄皮に相当する位置にステンレス鋼板を設置して該ステンレス鋼板表面までの水平距離(y)を測定し、冷却コークスの平均収縮量を、測定した全データのうち亀裂による異常値を除外した残りのデータをもとに、ステンレス鋼板の板厚(t)を考慮して、次式;
平均収縮量z=Σ{(コークス表面までの距離y−(ステンレス鋼板までの距離x)−(ステンレス鋼板の板厚t)}÷データ数
に基づき算出することを特徴とするコークス収縮量の測定方法である。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
図2は、本発明に係るレーザー変位計を用いたコークス収縮量測定方法の概念図である。つまり、本発明では、コークス収縮量を炉壁内面位置と生成コークス表面までの水平距離から求めるようにしたのである。以下、その求め方について説明する。
まず、コークス面に対し平行に上下・左右方向に移動可能なステージ1(以下、XY式ステージと記す。)に設置されたレーザ変位計2より、レーザ光を炉壁鉄皮に相当するステンレス鋼板4および生成コークス3の外表面に向けて照射し、それぞれの水平距離(x、y)を測定する。なお、前記炉壁位置は、炉壁のあったところにステンレス鋼板4を設置し、レーザ光の照射により得られたステンレス鋼板4までの水平距離(x)からステンレス鋼板4の厚み(t)を加えたものから求めた。従って、この場合、コークス収縮量の測定値は、基本的にコークス表面までの距離(y)から炉壁内面までの距離(x+t)を差し引いた値となる。
【0010】
さて、前記ステージ1は、あらかじめ入力されたプログラムによりコークス面に対し、平行に上下・左右方向に自動に走行しながら、所定の面積範囲において所定ピッチにて前記距離(x、y)の測定を行なう。測定した全データは、付設のパソコンに伝送され、亀裂等による異常値を除外した残りのデータから平均収縮量が算出される。つまり、
平均収縮量z=Σ{(コークス表面までの距離y)−(ステンレス鋼板までの距離x)−(ステンレス板の板厚t)}÷データ数
である。なお、データ処理から上記平均収縮量の算出までは、パソコンにより自動的に行なわれる。
【0011】
従って、試験炉のコークスを冷却後、そのまま取出してXY式ステージを設ければ、どのようなコークス面の収縮量でも自由に測定することができる。しかしながら、面積が大きいほど、また測定面積が一定であっても測定ピッチが短いほど測定時間が長くなり、非効率となる。そのため、現実的には、90mmL×90mmH程度の面積範囲において3.5mm〜5mmピッチで測定すれば、5mmピッチであっても(測定点:19×19=361点)、相対的な比較が充分にできる。また、5mmピッチの条件にて測定を実施すれば、基準面となるステンレス板までの測定を含めても約13分で測定を終了することができる。
【0012】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を示して詳細に説明する。以下の実施例において、本発明にかかる測定方法(以下、本発明法という)の乾留条件および測定方法は下記のとおりである。
(乾留条件)
図3に示すコークスの平均収縮量測定用の小型模擬レトルト(114mmL×114mmW×120mmH)を用い、40kg乾留炉において、表1に示す乾留条件の下、乾留を行なった。
【表1】
【0013】
(測定方法)
乾留後、まず、この小型模擬レトルトを所定の位置にセットしてステンレス鋼板までの距離をレーザー変位計で測定し、その後、ステンレス鋼板を取り除いてコークス面までの距離を測定する。測定データは付設のパソコンに伝送され、上記の通り、コークス収縮量z=(コークス表面までの距離y)−(ステンレス鋼板までの距離x)−(ステンレス鋼板の板厚t)から、各ポイントの測定距離を求め、測定した全ポイントの測定距離を平均してコークスの平均収縮量を算出する。また、平均収縮量としては、左右両方の平均収縮量を足した値を採用した。
【0014】
(実施例1)
<測定ピッチの検討>
工場で実際に使用している配合炭を乾留し、生成したコークスの収縮量を測定した結果を表2に示す。本発明法において、測定面積を110mm×110mm、測定ピッチを5mmとした例(測定点:23×23=529点)を本発明法1とし、同面積で測定ピッチを3.5mmとした例(測定点:32×32=1024点)を本発明法2とした。なお、本発明法の参考例として、2mmピッチで測定した場合(測定点:56×56=3136点)の結果を合わせて示す。また、比較例1、2は、図1に示した従来のガラスビーズを用いた測定方法により収縮量を測定したものである。なお、比較例1は、コークス表面の亀裂に粘度を埋め込み、ガラスビーズが亀裂に入り込まないように養生を行なった場合、比較例2は、とくにコークス表面の亀裂に養生を行なわない場合の結果である。
【0015】
【表2】
【0016】
表2の結果より、本発明法1では、測定時間が21分と比較例1、2と比較して大幅に短縮でき、さらに、1回目の測定結果と2回目の測定結果がまったく同じであることから、再現性が非常に良いことがわかった。また、本発明法2では、測定時間は38〜39分であり、比較例2相当の測定時間となるが、測定時間は安定しており、再現性は非常に良い。一方、比較例1では、亀裂に養生を行なったため、ほぼ再現性よく測定できたが、1回目の測定に135分も要してしまい、また、比較例2では、測定時間は短くなるものの亀裂にビーズが侵入し、1回目と2回目の測定で1.4mmの誤差が生じ、再現性が悪いことがわかった。
【0017】
以上より、本発明法がコークスの平均収縮量の測定方法として非常に効果的であることが確認されたが、本発明法の参考例において2mmピッチで測定した場合、再現性が非常に良いものの、測定時間が1回目、2回目共に110分も要し、とくに2回目の測定においては、比較例1および2よりも時間を要してしまった。したがって、本発明法では、測定時間の点から測定ピッチを3.5mm〜5mm程度とすることが、測定時間および再現性の点で効果的であることがわかった。なお、測定ピッチを5mmとするとき、測定時間および再現性の点で最も効果的である。
【0018】
(実施例2)
<測定面積の検討>
次に、測定面積を小さくすれば、より測定時間を短縮できると考え検討を行なった。本発明法の利用の目的は、工場で実際に使用している各配合炭において、それぞれのコークス収縮量を正確にかつ迅速に把握することにある。そのためには、例えば、操業上問題のない配合炭の収縮量を基準として、その収縮量と各測定値とを相対的に比較して管理すればよいことになる。つまり、本条件下において、収縮量を相対的に比較するためには、測定誤差(σ=0.2)を考慮し、ベース配合の結果と各測定値の差が0.3mm以上好ましくは0.5mm以上あることが望ましい。そこで、測定ピッチを一定の5mmとして、測定面積を変え、ベース配合およびベース配合に対して収縮量の大きい配合Aと収縮量の小さい配合Bについて、収縮量の測定を行なった。その結果を表3に示す。配合Aと配合Bの測定結果を比較してみると、測定時間およびベース配合との相対比較の点から本発明法3(測定面積70×70mm)好ましくは、本発明法2(測定面積:90×90mm)が望ましいことがわかる。
【0019】
【表3】
【0020】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、石炭配合条件や乾留条件がコークス平均収縮量に対して与える影響を、試験コークス炉において、冷間で効率よく迅速かつ正確に測定することができるので、コークス炉の操業の安定化および炉体の長寿命化の実現が期待できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 ガラスビーズによるコークス収縮量の測定方法を示す概略図である。
【図2】 レーザ変位計でコークス収縮量を測定する方法の概要図である。
【図3】 レーザによる冷間測定に用いた小型模擬レトルトの概略図である。
【符号の説明】
1:XYステージ
2:レーザ変位計
3:コークス
4:ステンレス板[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention proposes a method for measuring coke shrinkage after coal carbonization efficiently and accurately using a test coke oven.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In an ordinary chamber-type coke oven, the coal layer is heated through the bricks of the furnace wall, so that it is rapidly dry-distilled from the coal near the furnace wall surface to become coke. And after completion of dry distillation, the coke itself shrinks in the furnace width direction (horizontal direction), so that gaps are formed between the furnace wall and the coke layer and in the coke coal core, and the existence of this gap causes the generated coke to It can be easily extruded from a coke oven.
[0003]
Therefore, if the amount of contraction of the coke is insufficient, the coke will be pushed out poorly, resulting in a decrease in productivity, and the furnace wall is greatly damaged by excessive lateral pressure from the pusher rod. It will be.
Under such circumstances, it is necessary to accurately grasp the amount of contraction of coke, which is considered to realize stabilization of the operation of the coke oven and longer life of the furnace body.
[0004]
Conventionally, measurement of the amount of coke shrinkage in the coke oven width direction has been performed using a small test coke oven (2 to 500 kg). The method of measuring the amount of coke shrinkage using this test coke oven is as follows. In the hot state (coke temperature and furnace wall temperature: 1000 ° C or higher), a rod is inserted into the coke surface through a window hole opened in the furnace wall. The method of directly pressing and reading the displacement of the rod is a general method.
On the other hand, in the cold state (coke temperature and furnace wall temperature: room temperature), as shown in FIG. 1, glass beads formed in the gap between the furnace wall after dry distillation and the generated coke surface are charged, A method of calculating a contraction amount from a charging amount is used. However, such a measuring method has problems such as glass beads entering into cracks on the coke surface, resulting in measurement errors, poor handling of glass beads, and low measurement efficiency.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to propose a method for measuring the average shrinkage (cold) of coke, which is free from the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the research for the realization of the above object, the inventors measured the horizontal distance between the inner surface of the test coke oven wall and the coke surface after the carbonization at a predetermined pitch in a predetermined area range, and the measurement. It has been found that if the average value of the values is calculated, the average amount of coke shrinkage can be obtained accurately, and the present invention has been developed.
[0007]
That is, the present invention relates to a method of measuring the amount of shrinkage of coke after dry distillation with a laser displacement meter using a test coke oven, cooling the coke after dry distillation in the test coke oven, removing the furnace wall, Using a non-contact laser displacement meter that can move the horizontal distance (x) to the surface of the coke vertically and horizontally, an area of 90mmL x 90mmH is measured at a pitch of 3.5mm to 5mm. by installing a stainless steel plate in a position corresponding to the Rokabetetsu skin was measured horizontal distance (y) to the stainless steel plate table surface, an average shrinkage of the cooling coke, abnormality due to cracking of all data measured Based on the remaining data excluding the values, considering the thickness (t) of the stainless steel plate, the following formula:
Average shrinkage z = Σ {(distance to coke surface y− (distance to stainless steel plate x) − (thickness t of stainless steel plate))} ÷ measurement of coke shrinkage calculated based on the number of data Is the method.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a coke shrinkage measuring method using a laser displacement meter according to the present invention. That is, in the present invention, the coke shrinkage is obtained from the horizontal distance to the furnace wall inner surface position and the generated coke surface. Hereinafter, how to obtain it will be described.
First, a stainless steel plate corresponding to a furnace wall iron from a laser displacement meter 2 installed on a stage 1 (hereinafter referred to as an XY stage) that can move in the vertical and horizontal directions parallel to the coke surface. 4 and the generated
[0010]
The stage 1 measures the distance (x, y) at a predetermined pitch in a predetermined area range while automatically running in parallel with the coke surface in the vertical and horizontal directions with respect to the coke surface by a program inputted in advance. Do. All measured data is transmitted to the attached personal computer, and the average shrinkage is calculated from the remaining data excluding abnormal values due to cracks and the like. That means
Average shrinkage z = Σ {(distance to coke surface y) − (distance to stainless steel plate x) − (plate thickness t of stainless steel plate)} ÷ number of data. Note that the processing from data processing to calculation of the average shrinkage is automatically performed by a personal computer.
[0011]
Therefore, if the coke of the test furnace is cooled and taken out as it is and an XY type stage is provided, any shrinkage amount of the coke surface can be measured freely. However, the larger the area is, and even if the measurement area is constant, the shorter the measurement pitch is, the longer the measurement time becomes and the more inefficient. Therefore, in reality, if you measure at 3.5mm to 5mm pitch in an area range of about 90mmL x 90mmH, even if it is 5mm pitch (measuring point: 19 x 19 = 361 points), relative comparison is sufficient. it can. Moreover, if the measurement is performed under the condition of 5 mm pitch, the measurement can be completed in about 13 minutes even including the measurement up to the stainless steel plate as the reference surface.
[0012]
【Example】
Examples will be described in detail below. In the following examples, the dry distillation conditions and measurement methods of the measurement method according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the present method) are as follows.
(Dry distillation conditions)
Using a small simulated retort (114 mmL × 114 mmW × 120 mmH) for measuring the average shrinkage of coke shown in FIG. 3, carbonization was performed under the carbonization conditions shown in Table 1 in a 40 kg carbonization furnace.
[Table 1]
[0013]
(Measuring method)
After dry distillation, first, this small simulated retort is set at a predetermined position, the distance to the stainless steel plate is measured with a laser displacement meter, and then the stainless steel plate is removed and the distance to the coke surface is measured. The measurement data is transmitted to the attached PC. As described above, the coke shrinkage z = (distance y to the coke surface) − (distance x to the stainless steel plate) − (thickness t of the stainless steel plate) The measurement distance is obtained, and the average measurement amount of coke is calculated by averaging the measurement distances of all the measured points. Further, as the average contraction amount, a value obtained by adding the average contraction amount of both the left and right was adopted.
[0014]
Example 1
<Examination of measurement pitch>
Table 2 shows the results of dry distillation of the coal blend actually used in the factory and measuring the shrinkage of the produced coke. In the method of the present invention, an example in which the measurement area is 110 mm × 110 mm and the measurement pitch is 5 mm (measurement point: 23 × 23 = 529 points) is the method 1 of the present invention, and the measurement pitch is 3.5 mm in the same area (measurement) Point: 32 × 32 = 1024 points) was determined as Method 2 of the present invention. In addition, as a reference example of the method of the present invention, the result when measured at a pitch of 2 mm (measurement point: 56 × 56 = 3136 points) is also shown. In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the amount of shrinkage was measured by the measurement method using the conventional glass beads shown in FIG. In Comparative Example 1, when viscosity is embedded in the crack on the coke surface and the glass beads are cured so as not to enter the crack, Comparative Example 2 is a result when the curing is not performed on the crack on the coke surface. is there.
[0015]
[Table 2]
[0016]
From the results shown in Table 2, the method 1 of the present invention has a measurement time of 21 minutes, which is significantly shorter than those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and the first and second measurement results are exactly the same. Therefore, it was found that the reproducibility was very good. In the method 2 of the present invention, the measurement time is 38 to 39 minutes, which is the measurement time corresponding to Comparative Example 2, but the measurement time is stable and the reproducibility is very good. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, since the crack was cured, it was possible to measure with almost reproducibility, but it took 135 minutes for the first measurement, and in Comparative Example 2, although the measurement time was short, the crack was reduced. It was found that the beads entered into the surface, and an error of 1.4 mm was generated in the first and second measurements, and the reproducibility was poor.
[0017]
From the above, it was confirmed that the method of the present invention is very effective as a method for measuring the average shrinkage of coke, but when measured at a 2 mm pitch in the reference example of the method of the present invention, the reproducibility is very good. The measurement time required 110 minutes for both the first time and the second time, and in particular, the second time required more time than Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, it has been found that it is effective in terms of measurement time and reproducibility that the measurement pitch is about 3.5 mm to 5 mm from the viewpoint of measurement time. When the measurement pitch is 5 mm, it is most effective in terms of measurement time and reproducibility.
[0018]
(Example 2)
<Examination of measurement area>
Next, it was considered that the measurement time could be further shortened by reducing the measurement area. The purpose of utilizing the method of the present invention is to accurately and quickly grasp the amount of coke shrinkage in each blended coal actually used in a factory. For this purpose, for example, the shrinkage amount of the blended coal having no operational problem may be used as a reference, and the shrinkage amount and each measured value may be relatively compared and managed. In other words, in order to relatively compare the shrinkage amounts under these conditions, the measurement error (σ = 0.2) is taken into consideration, and the difference between the result of the base formulation and each measured value is 0.3 mm or more, preferably 0.5 mm or more. It is desirable. Therefore, the measurement pitch was fixed at 5 mm, the measurement area was changed, and the shrinkage was measured for the base formulation and formulation A having a large shrinkage with respect to the base formulation and formulation B having a small shrinkage. The results are shown in Table 3. Comparing the measurement results of Formulation A and Formulation B, the present invention method 3 (measurement area 70 × 70 mm), preferably the present invention method 2 (measurement area: 90) from the viewpoint of relative comparison with measurement time and base formulation X90mm) is desirable.
[0019]
[Table 3]
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the effect of coal blending conditions and carbonization conditions on the average coke shrinkage can be measured quickly and accurately in the test coke oven efficiently and coldly. In addition, it can be expected that the operation of the coke oven will be stabilized and the life of the furnace body will be extended.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a method for measuring coke shrinkage by glass beads.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for measuring coke shrinkage with a laser displacement meter.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a small simulated retort used for cold measurement by a laser.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: XY stage 2: Laser displacement meter 3: Coke 4: Stainless steel plate
Claims (1)
平均収縮量z=Σ{(コークス表面までの距離y−(ステンレス鋼板までの距離x)−(ステンレス鋼板の板厚t)}÷データ数
に基づき算出することを特徴とするコークス収縮量の測定方法。In the method of measuring the amount of shrinkage of coke after carbonization with a laser displacement meter using a test coke oven, the coke after carbonization in the test coke oven is cooled, the furnace wall is removed, and then the horizontal to the surface of the coke is obtained. Using a non-contact laser displacement meter that can move the distance (x) up and down, left and right, measure the area range of 90mmL x 90mmH at 3.5mm to 5mm pitch, and corresponds to the initial furnace wall iron skin of the test coke oven a position by installing a stainless steel plate was measured horizontal distance (y) to the stainless steel plate table surface, an average shrinkage of the cooling coke remaining excluding the abnormal value due to cracking of all data measured Based on the data, considering the thickness (t) of the stainless steel plate, the following formula:
Average shrinkage z = Σ {(distance to coke surface y− (distance to stainless steel plate x) − (thickness t of stainless steel plate))} ÷ measurement of coke shrinkage calculated based on the number of data Method.
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| JP2001284877A JP4096537B2 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2001-09-19 | Coke shrinkage measurement method |
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| JP2001284877A JP4096537B2 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2001-09-19 | Coke shrinkage measurement method |
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| JP4096537B2 true JP4096537B2 (en) | 2008-06-04 |
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| KR100966817B1 (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2010-06-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | How to measure the quality of coal for coke production |
| JP5499784B2 (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2014-05-21 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Coke cake shrinkage measurement method |
| CN102865819A (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2013-01-09 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Low-temperature shrinkage measurement device and measuring method thereof |
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