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JP4096632B2 - Desulfurization method of molten steel under reduced pressure - Google Patents
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JP4096632B2 - Desulfurization method of molten steel under reduced pressure - Google Patents

Desulfurization method of molten steel under reduced pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4096632B2
JP4096632B2 JP2002157916A JP2002157916A JP4096632B2 JP 4096632 B2 JP4096632 B2 JP 4096632B2 JP 2002157916 A JP2002157916 A JP 2002157916A JP 2002157916 A JP2002157916 A JP 2002157916A JP 4096632 B2 JP4096632 B2 JP 4096632B2
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cao
flux
ratio
desulfurization
molten steel
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JP2003342631A (en
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光裕 沼田
善彦 樋口
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えばRH真空脱ガス装置のように浸漬管と真空槽とからなる真空脱ガス装置内の減圧下溶鋼表面にフラックスを吹き付けて、あるいはフラックスを吹き込んで脱硫を行う溶鋼の減圧下脱硫方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術およびその問題点】
近年の要求鋼材特性の高まりにより、応力腐食割れや溶接不良の原因となる鋼中S濃度のさらなる低減が求められている。鋼中S濃度の低減は主として、転炉出鋼後の溶鋼脱硫処理で行われるが、そのときの溶鋼脱硫はガス吹き込み攪拌や大気圧下での脱硫フラックス吹き込みによって行われてきた。しかし、これらの方法では溶鋼処理工程が煩雑化し、処理時間の延長や各種コストの悪化を招いていた。
【0003】
そこで、これらの脱硫処理を真空脱ガス処理に統合する処理方法が開発され、減圧下溶鋼表面にフラックスを吹き付け、あるいは吹き込むことにより脱硫を促進する技術が提案されてきた。
【0004】
例えば、特開5−171253号公報には、RH真空脱ガス槽内溶鋼にCaO を主成分としたCaF2を含むフラックスをRH真空脱ガス槽内溶鋼表面に吹き付ける技術が開示されている。これらの技術ではフラックスと溶鋼間の反応に着目し、より高い脱硫力を有するフラックスやその使用方法が提示されている。
【0005】
従って、従来技術では、より脱硫力を高めるためにフラックス中にCaF2を含有させることが必須であった。そのため、このCaF2により、フラックスコストの増加、耐火物損耗などの問題があった。
【0006】
さらに、これらの従来技術では取鍋スラグの作用が考慮されていないために、RH真空脱ガス装置で脱硫処理を実施した際に脱硫効果にばらつきが生じやすいという問題があった。
【0007】
そこで、スラグの作用を考慮した技術も提示された。例えば、特開平5−345910号公報には、取鍋スラグのCaO/(Al2O3+2.5×SiO2) を0.9 以上としてCaO を主成分とするフラックスを吹き付ける方法が示されている。この技術ではスラグ中CaO 濃度を増加させることで、スラグ中CaO 濃度が低い場合に生じる脱硫力低下を回避するのである。しかし、この技術ではスラグ中の高いCaO 濃度を前提とするため、CaO の多量添加が必須であり、その結果、CaO 原単位増加、スラグ量増加といった問題を生じる。また、かかる技術では脱硫促進には、CaO を増加させる以外に手法がないため、任意のCaO 濃度での脱硫促進も不可能である。このため、常時CaO 濃度を高めなければならず、製品コストの増加を招いていた。
【0008】
以上のように、従来の減圧下フラックス上吹き溶鋼脱硫法では、▲1▼CaF2を使用すること、▲2▼スラグ中CaO 濃度を増加させなければならないこと、の問題があり、各種コストの上昇を招いていた。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の課題は、CaF2使用量を低減し、スラグ中CaO 濃度が低濃度でも脱硫可能とし、さらに任意のCaO 濃度での脱硫促進を可能とする脱硫方法を提供することである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
一般に、脱硫反応では、スラグ中CaO/Al2O3 比が高い方が脱硫はより進行することが知られている。これは、従来の研究報告を基にした熱力学的検討から、CaO/Al2O3 比が高い方がスラグのサルファイドキャパシティが高く、加えてCaO/Al2O3 比が高い方がAl2O3 活量が低くなるため、Al脱酸溶鋼では酸素活量が低くなるためと説明される。
【0011】
一方、CaO/Al2O3 比が一定の条件で、脱硫反応を促進させるには、溶鋼の酸素活量を低減するしかない。酸素活量低減には、脱酸元素であるAl濃度を高めれば良いが、Al濃度は製品特性の都合で上限規格が存在するため、限界がある。
【0012】
また、Al濃度を増加させて酸素活量を低減するにはAl濃度を0.2 〜1%と著しく高める必要があり、Alコスト的にも限界がある。
Al以外で酸素活量を大幅に低減するには、10ppm 以下でもAl以上の脱酸力 (酸素活量低減能力)を有するCaを活用すればよい。しかし、減圧下上吹きでCaを用いると、Caの蒸発反応によりCa濃度が上昇せず、酸素活量低減が図れないという課題があった。
【0013】
この課題を解決するために、CaとCaO を混合して上吹きすることで、Ca活量を安定させ、酸素活量を低減することが可能と考えた。さらに、配合比は数%と微量でよい。
【0014】
このような考え方に基づき、CaとCaO を混合したCa配合CaO フラックスを用いることで減圧下粉体上吹きによる脱硫能力を著しく高めることに成功し、すでに特許出願を行った (特願平11-102672 号、特願平11-370516 号)。すなわち、一定のCaO/Al2O3 比の条件下であればこの技術で対応できる。しかし、スラグ中CaO/Al2O3 比が変化する場合、この技術では対応できない。
【0015】
そこでスラグ中CaO/Al2O3 比が変化する場合、CaO/Al2O3 に応じたCa配合比とすることで、最小のCa配合比あるいは最低のCaO/Al2O3 比での脱硫が可能となると考えた。また、この最適バランスにより、CaF2も全く使用しない脱硫も可能になると考えた。
【0016】
つまり、CaO/Al2O3 比が低下するに従い、その分だけ酸素活量をより低減しなければならない。逆にCaO/Al2O3 比が高ければ過剰に酸素活量を低減する必要はない。また、CaF2についてもCaO/Al2O3 比の場合と同様の考え方となり、CaF2が低ければ酸素活量を低減する必要がある。
【0017】
従って、減圧下で行う溶鋼のフラックス脱硫において、酸素活量増減に作用するCaとCaO/Al2O3 比の増減の関係を明らかにすれば、スラグ中CaO/Al2O3 比に応じた脱硫促進可能な最適Ca配合比が明確化されるとの着想を得た。
【0018】
以上のように、定性的に推測することは可能であるが、▲1▼Caが蒸発物質であること、▲2▼真空槽内で上吹またはインジェクションされるフラックスと大気圧下取鍋スラグとの脱硫に対する定量的影響が不明確であること、等の理由により予め理論的にこれらを定量的に予測することは困難である。
【0019】
そこで、250t溶鋼の脱硫処理を行う浸漬管および真空槽から成るRH真空脱ガス装置を使って上記調査を行った。溶鋼量は250tとし、スラグはSiO2濃度20%以下、MgO 濃度10%以下のCaO-Al2O3 系スラグとした。なお、RH真空脱ガス処理前のスラグ量は10〜15kg/tであった。溶鋼中のAl濃度は0.03〜0.08%、S濃度は15〜20ppm であった。
【0020】
転炉から取鍋へ溶鋼を出鋼し、取鍋をRH真空脱ガス装置へ移動した。浸漬管を取鍋溶鋼内に浸漬して行うRH真空脱ガス処理開始直後から、真空槽内溶鋼表面に上吹きランスから60%CaO-40%CaF2フラックス、または1〜5%のCaを混合したCaO フラックスをArガスと共に吹き付けた。
【0021】
フラックス量は3〜5kg/t、吹き付け速度は0.7kg/(t・min)とした。吹き付け処理前後の溶鋼中S濃度から、フラックス1kg/t当たりの脱硫率Rを(1) 式で定義し、脱硫能力を評価した。
【0022】
フラックス1kg/t当たりの脱硫率R[%/(kg/t)]=
[処理前S濃度(%) −処理後S濃度(%)]/ [処理前S濃度(%) ×フラックス量(kg/t)] ×100 ・・・(1)
図1に、吹き付け処理前のスラグ中CaO/Al2O3 比と(1) 式で算出したRとの関係をグラフで示す。
【0023】
図1の結果から分かるように、スラグ中CaO/Al2O3 比によらず、Caを1.5 〜5%配合することにより、CaF2=0のフラックスでも同一CaO/Al2O3 比であれば CaO−CaF2フラックスよりも高い脱硫力が得られる。一方、フラックスの種類によらず、スラグ中CaO/Al2O3 比の低下に伴い、各フラックスの脱硫力は低下する。この現象は前述した機構に基づくものである。
【0024】
ところで、従来から用いられているCaO-CaF2フラックスでは、CaO/Al2O3=1.5(CaO 飽和) で得られる脱硫率Rは7.7 [%/(kg/t)]である。つまり、CaO-CaF2ではCaO を最大に添加して得られる最大脱硫力はR=7.7 [%/(kg/t)]である。
【0025】
一方、Caを1%混合した試験では、CaO/Al2O3=1.48でR=10[%/(kg/t)]、Caを5%配合した試験では CaO/Al2O3=1.39でR=17[%/(kg/t)]と高い脱硫力が得られる。
【0026】
しかし、Ca配合比1%の場合、CaO/Al2O3 が0.8 程度まで低下してしまうとRは、CaO/Al2O3 =1. 5でのCaO-CaF2フラックス上吹きでのRよりも低くなってしまう。
【0027】
同一CaO/Al2O3 比ではCaを配合したフラックスの方が、CaO-CaF2よりも高い脱硫力を発揮するが、低CaO/Al2O3 では脱硫力が低下するため、Caを配合したCaO フラックスでも取鍋スラグ中CaO を高める必要がある。すなわち、Ca配合比を1%と固定した場合には、CaO 投入により、取鍋スラグ中CaO/Al2O3 比を高める必要がある。
【0028】
ところで、図1はCaO/Al2O3 比が低下してもCa配合比を増加すると、一定の脱硫力が得られることを同時に示している。従って、CaO を大量投入することなしに、CaO-CaF2よりも常に脱硫力を高めるにはスラグ中CaO/Al2O3 比に応じてCa配合比を変化させれば良いことが解る。そこで、CaO-CaF2で得られる最大R=7.7 [%/(kg/t)]に対し、各CaO/Al2O3 でR>10[%/(kg/t)]を確保できる最低Ca配合比の関係を図1より求めた。結果を図2に示す。
【0029】
その結果、最低Ca配合比は、下記式で記述されることが分かった。
最低Ca配合比=−6.4 ×(CaO/Al2O3比)+10
これは、CaO/Al2O3 比の低減に伴って低下するスラグのサルファイドキャパシティの悪化を、酸素活量低減で補う際にCaをより多量に必要とするという前述の機構により説明される。
【0030】
従って、安定した脱硫力を確保するには、
0.75≦CaO/Al2O3 ≦1.55:−6.4 ×(CaO/Al2O3)+10≦W
CaO/Al2O3:取鍋スラグ中CaO とAl2O3 の質量比
W:フラックス中Ca純分配合比 (質量%)
とする。ここに、フラックス中Ca純分配合比Wはフラックスに金属CaまたはCa合金として添加される全Ca分のフラックス全量に対する割合である。CaF2が添加されるときはCaF2のCa分は考えない。
【0031】
また、CaO/Al2O3 >1.55はCaO 飽和領域であり、スラグ液相部の組成はCaO 飽和濃度となる。
従って、CaO/Al2O3 >1.55では、上記不等式のCaO/Al2O3 =1.55のときの値0.08以上であればよい。同様に CaO/Al2O3<0.75の領域はアルミナ飽和となるので、上記不等式での CaO/Al2O3=0.75の代入値以上であればよい。よって、
CaO/Al2O3 <0.75:W>5.2 %
CaO/Al2O3 >1.55:W>0.08%
となる。
【0032】
また、Ca純分配合比Wが10%を超えて高いと効果が飽和したり、清浄度が悪化する場合もあるので、Wの上限は10%とする。
以上から、真空槽内減圧下溶鋼にフラックスを吹き付けて脱硫を行う処理において、フラックスが低CaF2混合比でまたはCaF2無添加で、かつ取鍋スラグが低CaO/Al2O3 比でも脱硫を促進させるには、フラックスをCaO と金属CaまたはCa合金の混合物とし、フラックス中Ca純分配合比Wが処理開始前取鍋スラグ中CaO/Al2O3 比を用いた次式を満足することが重要である。
【0033】
CaO/Al2O3 <0.75:10>W>5%
CaO/Al2O3 >1.55:10>W>0.1 %
0.75≦CaO/Al2O3 ≦1.55:−6.4 ×(CaO/Al2O3)+10≦W≦10
CaO/Al2O3:処理開始前取鍋スラグ中CaO とAl2O3 の質量比
W:フラックス中Ca純分配合比 (質量%)
【0034】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明を、転炉、RH真空脱ガス装置、連続鋳造機を用いて脱硫鋼を製造する場合を例に説明する。
【0035】
転炉から取鍋内へ溶鋼を出鋼した後、取鍋をRH真空脱ガス装置へ移動する。この出鋼の際、取鍋スラグ中CaO/Al2O3 比を増加させるためのCaO 投入は特に必要ない。所定のAl濃度に調整するためのAlを添加し、スラグ液相率が高くなる程度のCaO を添加すればよい。このとき、Al濃度狙い、転炉終了時の酸素濃度によってAl添加量と生成Al2O3 量が判定できるが、総スラグ量の目標値と液相率を確保するためのCaO 量だけを添加すればよい。
【0036】
スラグ量を最小とし、液相率を最大とするには、CaO/Al2O3 比が0.9 程度となるようにアルミナ生成量に対しCaO を添加すればよい。また、スラグの溶鋼表面被覆効果を高めたい場合は、CaO 投入量を増加させればよい。この操作で、スラグ中のCaO/Al2O3 比が把握できる。
【0037】
RH真空脱ガス処理では、処理開始直後から、フラックス上吹きを行い脱硫処理を開始してもよい。また、溶鋼昇温処理あるいは脱ガス、成分調整等の処理を行ってから脱硫処理を行ってもよい。ただし、スラグ中CaO/Al2O3 比とフラックス中Ca配合比は本発明の範囲を満足させることが重要である。
【0038】
フラックス上吹き量は、図1と処理前S濃度、目標処理後S濃度から求まるが、2kg/t以上8kg/t以下が望ましい。2kg/t未満であると脱硫量が少なく、8kg/tを超えて多いと、総スラグ量が増加してしまう。
【0039】
フラックス上吹き速度は0.05kg/t/min以上、2kg/t/min以下が望ましい。0.05kg/t/min未満であると総処理時間が長くなりすぎ、2kg/t/minを越えて高いとCaO によるスプラッシュが激しくなる。
【0040】
上吹きに用いるランスは、ラバール、ストレートなどいかなるタイプでも構わないが、ランス高さは1.5m以上、4m 以下が望ましい。ランス高さが1.5m未満であると地金付着が激しく、4m を越えて高いとフラックスの一部が排気されてしまう場合がある。
【0041】
フラックスに混合するCaは、金属Ca、Ca合金などいかなるものでもよい。また、上吹き時の真空槽内圧力は100Torr 以下が望ましく、さらには10Torr以下が望ましい。真空槽内圧力が100Torr よりも高い場合、ランスから吐出したフラックスの速度が遅く、溶鋼に十分侵入できない。また、10Torr以下となると脱ガスが進行するため、総処理時間の短縮が図れる。
【0042】
本発明ではフラックス中にCaF2を必要としないが、さらなる脱硫力向上、あるいはスラグ流動性確保を図るために、フラックス中にCaF2、MgO 、Al2O3 などを混合してもよい。ただし、CaF2、Al2O3 の質量配合比はそれぞれ30%以下、MgO は15%以下であることが望ましい。CaF2、Al2O3 がそれぞれ30%を超えて多くなると、CaO 量が少なくなりすぎ、一方、MgO が15%を越えて高くなると逆に流動性が低下する場合がある。
【0043】
以上のように、本発明において用いるフラックスは上吹きで高い性能を発揮するが、真空処理中の溶鋼への吹き込みでもよい。この場合も、真空槽内圧力、フラックス形態などは前述と同様である。
【0044】
以上の説明はRH真空脱ガス装置を使った場合について行ったが、すでにこれまでの説明から当業者には自明のようにDH真空脱ガス装置、タンク脱ガス装置等を使用する場合のように減圧溶鋼一般に本発明は適用可能である。
【0045】
【実施例】
本例では、転炉で脱炭脱硫した溶鋼250tを取鍋内に出鋼し、この取鍋を浸漬管および真空槽を備えたRH真空脱ガス装置に移動して浸漬管を取鍋溶鋼に浸漬して行う真空脱ガス処理に際して溶鋼脱硫を行った。
【0046】
まず、出鋼時にAlを添加し、溶鋼中Al濃度を0.07〜0.09%に調整した。CaO の添加量を変化させ、CaO/Al2O3 比を0.8 〜1.5 の範囲で変化させた。
RH真空脱ガス処理では処理開始後、真空槽内圧力が5Torr以下に安定したのを確認したのち、上吹きランスからフラックスを真空槽内溶鋼表面に6kg/t吹き付けた。吹き付け速度は1kg/t/minとし、キャリアーガスArの流量は4000Nl/minとした。ランス高さは3m であった。
【0047】
表1に、フラックス吹き付け前後のS濃度、脱硫率、フラックス吹き付け前のCaO/Al2O3 を示す。フラックスはCaSi配合CaO であり、表1にはCa純分配合比 (Ca配合比と表記) もあわせて示す。また、CaO-40%CaF2を用いた場合は、Ca純分配合比欄に0と記した。
【0048】
表1のNo.1〜17とNo.18 〜21、 24を比較するとCa配合によりCaO-CaF2以上の脱硫が得られることが解る。
さらに、No.1〜12とNo.13 〜17、22、23を比較すると、本発明に従いCa純分配合比を制御した方が、CaO/Al2O3 によらず安定して高い脱硫率が得られることが解る。
【0049】
【表1】

Figure 0004096632
【0050】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明にあっては、CaF2使用量を低減し、安定して高い脱硫率で溶鋼の処理ができ、その実際上の意義が大きいことが分かる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】スラグ中のCaO/Al2O3 比とフラックス1kg/t当たりの脱硫率の関係を示すグラフである。
【図2】スラグ中のCaO/Al2O3 比とフラックス中最低Ca配合比の関係を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to desulfurization under reduced pressure of molten steel in which flux is blown to the surface of molten steel under reduced pressure in a vacuum degassing apparatus comprising a dip tube and a vacuum tank, such as an RH vacuum degassing apparatus, or desulfurization is performed by blowing a flux. Regarding the method.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
Due to the recent increase in required steel properties, further reduction in the S concentration in steel, which causes stress corrosion cracking and poor welding, is required. The reduction of the S concentration in the steel is mainly performed by molten steel desulfurization treatment after the converter steel, and the molten steel desulfurization at that time has been performed by gas blowing agitation and desulfurization flux blowing under atmospheric pressure. However, these methods complicate the molten steel treatment process, leading to an extended treatment time and various costs.
[0003]
Accordingly, a processing method for integrating these desulfurization processes into the vacuum degassing process has been developed, and a technique for promoting desulfurization by blowing or blowing a flux onto the surface of molten steel under reduced pressure has been proposed.
[0004]
For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-171253 discloses a technique in which a flux containing CaF 2 containing CaO as a main component is sprayed onto the molten steel in the RH vacuum degassing tank on the molten steel in the RH vacuum degassing tank. In these technologies, attention is paid to the reaction between the flux and the molten steel, and a flux having a higher desulfurization power and a method for using the flux are proposed.
[0005]
Therefore, in the prior art, it was essential to include CaF 2 in the flux in order to further increase the desulfurization power. Therefore, this CaF 2 has problems such as an increase in flux cost and wear of refractories.
[0006]
Furthermore, in these prior arts, since the action of the ladle slag is not taken into account, there is a problem that the desulfurization effect tends to vary when the desulfurization treatment is performed by the RH vacuum degassing apparatus.
[0007]
Then, the technique which considered the effect | action of slag was also presented. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-345910 discloses a method of spraying a flux mainly composed of CaO with CaO / (Al 2 O 3 + 2.5 × SiO 2 ) of ladle slag being 0.9 or more. In this technology, by increasing the CaO concentration in the slag, the reduction in desulfurization power that occurs when the CaO concentration in the slag is low is avoided. However, since this technology presupposes a high CaO concentration in the slag, it is essential to add a large amount of CaO, resulting in problems such as an increase in the basic unit of CaO and an increase in the amount of slag. In addition, with this technique, there is no method other than increasing CaO to promote desulfurization, and therefore it is impossible to promote desulfurization at any CaO concentration. For this reason, it was necessary to constantly increase the CaO concentration, resulting in an increase in product cost.
[0008]
As described above, the conventional flux top blown molten steel desulfurization method under reduced pressure has the problems of (1) using CaF 2 and (2) increasing the CaO concentration in the slag. Invited to rise.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a desulfurization method that reduces the amount of CaF 2 used, enables desulfurization even when the CaO concentration in the slag is low, and further enables desulfurization promotion at an arbitrary CaO concentration.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Generally, in the desulfurization reaction, it is known that the desulfurization proceeds more when the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in the slag is higher. This is based on thermodynamic studies based on previous research reports. The higher the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio, the higher the slag sulfide capacity, and the higher the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio, Al. It is explained that the oxygen activity decreases in the Al deoxidized molten steel because the 2 O 3 activity decreases.
[0011]
On the other hand, the only way to promote the desulfurization reaction under the condition of a constant CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio is to reduce the oxygen activity of the molten steel. In order to reduce the oxygen activity, the concentration of Al, which is a deoxidizing element, may be increased, but the Al concentration is limited because there is an upper limit for the convenience of product characteristics.
[0012]
Further, in order to increase the Al concentration and reduce the oxygen activity, it is necessary to remarkably increase the Al concentration to 0.2 to 1%, and there is a limit in the Al cost.
In order to greatly reduce the oxygen activity other than Al, Ca having a deoxidizing power (oxygen activity reducing ability) equal to or higher than Al may be used even at 10 ppm or less. However, when Ca is used by top blowing under reduced pressure, there is a problem that the Ca concentration does not increase due to the evaporation reaction of Ca, and the oxygen activity cannot be reduced.
[0013]
In order to solve this problem, we thought that it was possible to stabilize Ca activity and reduce oxygen activity by mixing and blowing Ca and CaO. Furthermore, the blending ratio may be as small as several percent.
[0014]
Based on this concept, we succeeded in remarkably increasing the desulfurization ability by blowing powder on the vacuum under reduced pressure by using Ca-mixed CaO flux mixed with Ca and CaO. 102672, Japanese Patent Application No. 11-370516). That is, this technique can cope with the condition of a constant CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio. However, if the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in the slag changes, this technique cannot cope with it.
[0015]
Desulfurization So if slag CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio is changed, by the Ca compounding ratio according to CaO / Al 2 O 3, with a minimum of Ca compounding ratio or the lowest CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio I thought it would be possible. We also thought that this optimal balance would allow desulfurization without using CaF 2 at all.
[0016]
That is, as the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio decreases, the oxygen activity must be further reduced accordingly. Conversely, if the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio is high, there is no need to excessively reduce the oxygen activity. CaF 2 has the same concept as the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio. If CaF 2 is low, the oxygen activity needs to be reduced.
[0017]
Therefore, in the flux desulfurization of molten steel performed under reduced pressure, if the relationship between Ca and CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio increase / decrease acting on oxygen activity increase / decrease is clarified, it corresponds to the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in slag The idea that the optimum Ca compounding ratio that can promote desulfurization is clarified was obtained.
[0018]
As described above, it is possible to estimate qualitatively, but (1) Ca is an evaporating substance, (2) the flux blown up or injected in the vacuum chamber, the atmospheric pressure ladle slag, It is difficult to theoretically predict these in advance theoretically because the quantitative influence of desulfurization on desulfurization is unclear.
[0019]
Therefore, the above investigation was performed using an RH vacuum degassing apparatus comprising a dip tube and a vacuum tank for desulfurizing 250 t molten steel. The amount of molten steel was 250 t, and the slag was CaO—Al 2 O 3 slag having a SiO 2 concentration of 20% or less and a MgO concentration of 10% or less. The amount of slag before RH vacuum degassing was 10 to 15 kg / t. The Al concentration in the molten steel was 0.03 to 0.08%, and the S concentration was 15 to 20 ppm.
[0020]
Molten steel was discharged from the converter to the ladle, and the ladle was moved to the RH vacuum degasser. Immediately after the start of the RH vacuum degassing process, which is performed by immersing the dip tube in the ladle molten steel, 60% CaO-40% CaF 2 flux or 1-5% Ca is mixed on the molten steel surface in the vacuum chamber from the top blowing lance. The CaO flux was sprayed with Ar gas.
[0021]
The flux amount was 3 to 5 kg / t, and the spraying speed was 0.7 kg / (t · min). The desulfurization rate R per 1 kg / t of flux was defined by the formula (1) from the S concentration in the molten steel before and after the spraying treatment, and the desulfurization capacity was evaluated.
[0022]
Desulfurization rate R [% / (kg / t)] per 1 kg / t of flux =
[S concentration before treatment (%) − S concentration after treatment (%)] / [S concentration before treatment (%) × Flux amount (kg / t)] × 100 (1)
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in slag before spraying treatment and R calculated by equation (1).
[0023]
As can be seen from the results in FIG. 1, regardless of the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in the slag, the same CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio can be obtained even when the flux is CaF 2 = 0 by adding 1.5 to 5% of Ca. For example, higher desulfurization power than CaO-CaF 2 flux can be obtained. On the other hand, regardless of the type of flux, the desulfurization power of each flux decreases as the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in the slag decreases. This phenomenon is based on the mechanism described above.
[0024]
By the way, in the conventionally used CaO—CaF 2 flux, the desulfurization rate R obtained when CaO / Al 2 O 3 = 1.5 (CaO saturation) is 7.7 [% / (kg / t)]. That is, in CaO-CaF 2 , the maximum desulfurization force obtained by adding CaO to the maximum is R = 7.7 [% / (kg / t)].
[0025]
On the other hand, in the test with 1% Ca, CaO / Al 2 O 3 = 1.48 and R = 10 [% / (kg / t)], and in the test with 5% Ca, CaO / Al 2 O 3 = 1.39. R = 17 [% / (kg / t)] and a high desulfurization power can be obtained.
[0026]
However, when the Ca compounding ratio is 1%, when CaO / Al 2 O 3 is reduced to about 0.8, R is more than R when CaO / Al 2 O 3 = 1.5 is blown over CaO-CaF 2 flux. Will also be low.
[0027]
In the same CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio, Ca-mixed flux exhibits higher desulfurization power than CaO-CaF 2, but low CaO / Al 2 O 3 decreases desulfurization power, so Ca is mixed. It is necessary to increase the CaO in the ladle slag even with the CaO flux. That is, when the Ca compounding ratio is fixed at 1%, it is necessary to increase the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in the ladle slag by introducing CaO.
[0028]
By the way, FIG. 1 simultaneously shows that even if the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio decreases, a constant desulfurization power can be obtained when the Ca compounding ratio is increased. Therefore, it can be understood that the Ca mixing ratio can be changed in accordance with the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in the slag in order to always increase the desulfurization power over CaO—CaF 2 without adding a large amount of CaO 2 . Therefore, the minimum Ca that can secure R> 10 [% / (kg / t)] in each CaO / Al 2 O 3 against the maximum R = 7.7 [% / (kg / t)] obtained with CaO-CaF 2. The relationship of the mixing ratio was determined from FIG. The results are shown in FIG.
[0029]
As a result, it was found that the minimum Ca compounding ratio is described by the following formula.
From Ca compounding ratio = -6.4 × (CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio) +10
This is explained by the mechanism described above, which requires a larger amount of Ca to compensate for the reduced slag sulfide capacity, which decreases as the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio decreases, by reducing the oxygen activity. .
[0030]
Therefore, to ensure a stable desulfurization power,
0.75 ≦ CaO / Al 2 O 3 ≦ 1.55 : −6.4 × (CaO / Al 2 O 3 ) + 10 ≦ W
CaO / Al 2 O 3 : Mass ratio of CaO and Al 2 O 3 in ladle slag W: Mixing ratio of pure Ca in flux (mass%)
And Here, the Ca pure content ratio W in the flux is the ratio of the total Ca added to the flux as metal Ca or Ca alloy to the total flux. When CaF 2 is added, the Ca content of CaF 2 is not considered.
[0031]
Further, CaO / Al 2 O 3 > 1.55 is a CaO saturation region, and the composition of the slag liquid phase part is a CaO saturation concentration.
Therefore, when CaO / Al 2 O 3 > 1.55, the value in the above inequality CaO / Al 2 O 3 = 1.55 may be 0.08 or more. Similarly, since the region of CaO / Al 2 O 3 <0.75 is saturated with alumina, the value of CaO / Al 2 O 3 = 0.75 or more in the above inequality may be used. Therefore,
CaO / Al 2 O 3 <0.75: W> 5.2%
CaO / Al 2 O 3 > 1.55: W> 0.08%
It becomes.
[0032]
Further, if the Ca pure content ratio W is higher than 10%, the effect may be saturated or the cleanliness may deteriorate, so the upper limit of W is 10%.
From the above, in the treatment of desulfurization by blowing flux to the molten steel under reduced pressure in the vacuum tank, the desulfurization is performed even when the flux is a low CaF 2 mixing ratio or no addition of CaF 2 and the ladle slag is a low CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio. In order to promote this, the flux is a mixture of CaO and metallic Ca or Ca alloy, and the pure Ca mixing ratio W in the flux satisfies the following formula using the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in the ladle slag before the start of treatment. This is very important.
[0033]
CaO / Al 2 O 3 <0.75: 10>W> 5%
CaO / Al 2 O 3 > 1.55: 10>W> 0.1%
0.75 ≦ CaO / Al 2 O 3 ≦ 1.55 : −6.4 × (CaO / Al 2 O 3 ) + 10 ≦ W ≦ 10
CaO / Al 2 O 3 : Mass ratio of CaO and Al 2 O 3 in ladle slag before treatment start W: Mixing ratio of pure Ca in flux (mass%)
[0034]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described by taking as an example the case of producing desulfurized steel using a converter, an RH vacuum degassing apparatus, and a continuous casting machine.
[0035]
After the molten steel is discharged from the converter into the ladle, the ladle is moved to the RH vacuum degasser. At the time of steeling, it is not particularly necessary to add CaO to increase the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in the ladle slag. What is necessary is just to add Al for adjusting to a predetermined Al concentration and to add CaO so as to increase the slag liquid phase ratio. At this time, the amount of added Al and the amount of generated Al 2 O 3 can be determined by aiming at the Al concentration and the oxygen concentration at the end of the converter, but only the amount of CaO is added to ensure the target value of the total slag amount and the liquid phase ratio. do it.
[0036]
In order to minimize the amount of slag and maximize the liquid phase ratio, CaO may be added to the amount of alumina produced so that the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio is about 0.9. In addition, to increase the surface coating effect of the slag on the molten steel, the amount of CaO input should be increased. By this operation, the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in the slag can be grasped.
[0037]
In the RH vacuum degassing process, the flux may be blown immediately after the start of the process to start the desulfurization process. Further, the desulfurization treatment may be performed after the molten steel temperature raising treatment, the degassing, the component adjustment, or the like. However, it is important that the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in the slag and the Ca mixing ratio in the flux satisfy the scope of the present invention.
[0038]
The flux top blowing amount can be obtained from FIG. 1, the pre-treatment S concentration, and the target post-treatment S concentration, but is preferably 2 kg / t or more and 8 kg / t or less. If it is less than 2 kg / t, the desulfurization amount is small, and if it exceeds 8 kg / t, the total slag amount increases.
[0039]
The flux top blowing speed is desirably 0.05 kg / t / min or more and 2 kg / t / min or less. If it is less than 0.05 kg / t / min, the total processing time becomes too long, and if it exceeds 2 kg / t / min, the splash due to CaO becomes intense.
[0040]
The lance used for top blowing may be any type such as laval or straight, but the lance height is preferably 1.5m or more and 4m or less. If the lance height is less than 1.5 m, adhesion of the metal is severe, and if it exceeds 4 m, part of the flux may be exhausted.
[0041]
Ca mixed in the flux may be any material such as metallic Ca or Ca alloy. Further, the pressure in the vacuum chamber at the time of top blowing is preferably 100 Torr or less, and more preferably 10 Torr or less. When the pressure in the vacuum chamber is higher than 100 Torr, the speed of the flux discharged from the lance is too slow to sufficiently penetrate the molten steel. Moreover, since the degassing proceeds when the pressure is 10 Torr or less, the total processing time can be shortened.
[0042]
In the present invention, CaF 2 is not required in the flux, but CaF 2 , MgO 2 , Al 2 O 3, etc. may be mixed in the flux in order to further improve the desulfurization power or secure slag fluidity. However, the mass blending ratio of CaF 2 and Al 2 O 3 is preferably 30% or less and MgO is preferably 15% or less. When CaF 2 and Al 2 O 3 increase in excess of 30%, the CaO content decreases too much, whereas when MgO exceeds 15%, the fluidity may decrease.
[0043]
As described above, the flux used in the present invention exhibits high performance by top blowing, but may be blown into molten steel during vacuum processing. Also in this case, the pressure in the vacuum chamber, the flux form, and the like are the same as described above.
[0044]
The above description has been given for the case where the RH vacuum degassing apparatus is used. As is apparent to those skilled in the art from the above description, the DH vacuum degassing apparatus, the tank degassing apparatus, and the like are used. The present invention is generally applicable to vacuum molten steel.
[0045]
【Example】
In this example, 250 t of molten steel decarburized and desulfurized in a converter is put into a ladle, and the ladle is moved to an RH vacuum degassing apparatus equipped with a dip tube and a vacuum tank to remove the dip tube into the ladle. Molten steel desulfurization was performed during the vacuum degassing treatment performed by immersion.
[0046]
First, Al was added at the time of steel output, and the Al concentration in the molten steel was adjusted to 0.07 to 0.09%. The amount of CaO added was changed to change the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in the range of 0.8 to 1.5.
In the RH vacuum degassing process, after confirming that the pressure in the vacuum chamber was stabilized at 5 Torr or less after starting the treatment, flux was sprayed from the top blowing lance onto the surface of the molten steel in the vacuum chamber at 6 kg / t. The spraying speed was 1 kg / t / min, and the flow rate of the carrier gas Ar was 4000 Nl / min. The lance height was 3m.
[0047]
Table 1 shows the S concentration before and after flux blowing, the desulfurization rate, and CaO / Al 2 O 3 before flux blowing. The flux is CaSi blended CaO, and Table 1 also shows the pure Ca blend ratio (expressed as Ca blend ratio). When CaO-40% CaF 2 was used, 0 was written in the Ca pure content ratio column.
[0048]
Comparing No. 1 to 17 and No. 18 to 21 and 24 in Table 1, it is understood that desulfurization of CaO—CaF 2 or more can be obtained by adding Ca.
Furthermore, Nanba1~12 and No.13 When ~17,22,23 comparing, better to control the Ca purity blending ratio in accordance with the present invention, stable and high desulfurization rate regardless of the CaO / Al 2 O 3 It can be seen that
[0049]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004096632
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the present invention, it is understood that the molten steel can be treated stably with a high desulfurization rate by reducing the amount of CaF 2 used, and its practical significance is great.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in slag and the desulfurization rate per 1 kg / t of flux.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in slag and the lowest Ca compounding ratio in flux.

Claims (2)

浸漬管と真空槽からなる真空脱ガス装置を用い、真空槽内減圧下溶鋼にフラックスを吹き付けまたは吹き込んで脱硫を行う処理において、
取鍋への出鋼の際にCaOを添加して処理開始前のスラグ中 CaO/Al 2 O 3 比を制御すると共に、
フラックスをCaOと金属CaまたはCa合金との混合物とし、該フラックスに金属CaまたはCa合金として添加される全Ca分の当該フラックス全量に対する割合であるフラックス中 Ca 純分配合比( 質量% )が、前記処理開始前取鍋スラグ中CaO/Al2O3比を用いた次式を満足することを特徴とする溶鋼の脱硫方法。
CaO/Al2O3 <0.75:10>W>5.2 %
CaO/Al2O3 >1.55:10>W>0.08%
0.75≦CaO/Al2O3 ≦1.55:−6.4 ×(CaO/Al2O3)+10≦W≦10
CaO/Al2O3:処理開始前取鍋スラグ中CaOとAl2O3の質量比
W:フラックス中Ca純分配合比 (質量%)
In the process of desulfurization by blowing or blowing flux to the molten steel under reduced pressure in the vacuum tank using a vacuum degassing device consisting of a dip tube and a vacuum tank,
In addition to controlling the CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio in the slag before the start of treatment by adding CaO when steeling to the ladle ,
The flux is a mixture of CaO and metallic Ca or a Ca alloy, and the Ca pure content ratio W ( mass% ) in the flux, which is the ratio of the total Ca added to the flux as the metallic Ca or Ca alloy to the total flux. , method for desulfurizing molten steel satisfies the following formula using the process before starting ladle slag CaO / Al 2 O 3 ratio.
CaO / Al 2 O 3 <0.75: 10>W> 5.2%
CaO / Al 2 O 3 > 1.55: 10>W> 0.08%
0.75 ≦ CaO / Al 2 O 3 ≦ 1.55 : −6.4 × (CaO / Al 2 O 3 ) + 10 ≦ W ≦ 10
CaO / Al 2 O 3 : Mass ratio of CaO to Al 2 O 3 in ladle slag before treatment start W: Mixing ratio of pure Ca in flux (mass%)
前記CaO添加に際して、Al濃度狙い及び転炉終了時の酸素濃度によってAl添加量及び生成AlWhen adding CaO, the amount of Al added and the amount of Al produced depends on the target Al concentration and the oxygen concentration at the end of the converter. 22 O 3Three 量を判定する請求項1記載の溶鋼の脱硫方法。The method for desulfurizing molten steel according to claim 1, wherein the amount is determined.
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