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JP4097249B2 - Wood adhesive and wood bonding method - Google Patents
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JP4097249B2 - Wood adhesive and wood bonding method - Google Patents

Wood adhesive and wood bonding method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4097249B2
JP4097249B2 JP2002091517A JP2002091517A JP4097249B2 JP 4097249 B2 JP4097249 B2 JP 4097249B2 JP 2002091517 A JP2002091517 A JP 2002091517A JP 2002091517 A JP2002091517 A JP 2002091517A JP 4097249 B2 JP4097249 B2 JP 4097249B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
wood
adhesive
chitosan
glucomannan
solution
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JP2002091517A
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JP2003286462A (en
Inventor
研二 梅村
秀一 川井
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Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
Japan Science and Technology Agency
National Institute of Japan Science and Technology Agency
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Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
Japan Science and Technology Agency
National Institute of Japan Science and Technology Agency
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  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、グルコマンナンおよびキトサンを必須成分とする木材用接着剤および木材の接着方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
木材用接着剤を大別すると、合成系と天然系に分類することができる。合成系接着剤は、接着力を有する合成樹脂からなる接着剤である。一方、天然系接着剤は、各種天然物から抽出、精製し、場合によっては変性させた化合物を接着剤として使用するものである。代表的なものとしては、デンプン、にかわ、カゼイングルー、大豆グルーなどがある。
【0003】
一方、キトサンはカニの甲羅などから得られるキチンの脱アセチル化物で、水に不溶であるが希酸には溶ける性質がある。キトサンを希酢酸溶液に溶解させた糊液を木材表面に塗布したり合成系木材用接着剤に添加すると、耐水性が向上することが知られている。
【0004】
また、グルコマンナンを用いて木材を接着することも可能であることが知られている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
接着剤としての合成樹脂を得るためには、モノマーを定められた合成条件下で反応させる必要があり、多大な労力とエネルギーを要する。また、合成樹脂に含まれる化合物の中には、環境汚染や健康被害を引き起こす原因となる有機化合物が多数含まれる。特に、木材用接着剤として代表的なホルムアルデヒド系接着剤によるシックハウス症候群は顕著な例である。
【0006】
他方、従来の天然系接着剤は、天然物を由来とするため合成系接着剤に比べて安全性が高いと考えられるが、接着性能の低さに加えて必要とされる塗布量が多いことが欠点となっている。
【0007】
例えばカゼイングルーや大豆グルーは天然系接着剤の中でも比較的優れた接着性を示すが、合成系接着剤と比べると十分とは言いがたい。これらの接着剤は粉末であるため、塗布する際には、重量に対して2〜3倍の水に溶解させる必要がある。良好な接着性能を得るためには、心板単板の厚みが2ミリ以下の合板を例にとると、200g/m2以上の塗布量が必要とされている。すなわち、実質50〜66g/m2以上の固形分が必要である。
【0008】
また、キトサンは合成樹脂接着剤の耐水性を改善することが知られているが改質剤としての域を脱しておらず、グルコマンナンは耐水を殆ど示さないので接着剤としての性能には限界がある。
【0009】
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、環境や人体への悪影響が少なく、接着性能に優れた接着剤組成物および木材の接着方法を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者が、鋭意研究を重ねたところ、グルコマンナンとキトサンを併用することにより、上記課題を解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0011】
すなわち、本発明は、下記要点に関するものである。
【0012】
(1) グルコマンナンおよびキトサン溶液からなる木材用接着剤。
【0013】
(2) 接着面にキトサン溶液を塗布し、グルコマンナン粉末を散布し、圧着することを特徴とする木材の接着方法。
【0014】
(3) 前記キトサン溶液が、キトサンの希酢酸溶液であることを特徴とする(2)に記載の木材の接着方法。
【0015】
(4) 前記グルコマンナン粉末が、60メッシュ全通のグルコマンナン粉末であることを特徴とする(2)に記載の木材の接着方法。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明におけるグルコマンナンとは、コンニャク(Amorphophallus konjac)の根塊中にある一種のヘキソサンであり、グルコースとマンノースがβ1→4結合したヘテロ多糖である。
【0017】
グルコマンナンは、コンニャク精粉を分離・精製することにより調製される。
【0018】
本発明の接着剤の他の必須成分であるキトサンは、節足動物の皮膚,軟体動物の殻,菌類の細胞壁を構成するキチンを濃アルカリ溶液と加熱、またはカリ融解をして脱アセチル化したものである。
【0019】
本発明の木材の接着方法は、接着面にキトサン溶液を塗布し、グルコマンナン粉末を散布し、圧着することを特徴とするものである。
【0020】
本発明方法におけるグルコマンナン粉末の粒度は、60メッシュ全通が好ましく、これより粒度が大きくなると少量を単板に均一に塗布することが難しい。グルコマンナン粉末の散布量は、20g/m2以下が好ましく、20g/m2を超えると、キトサン溶液によるグルコマンナンの膨潤が不十分になる。
【0021】
本発明方法におけるキトサン溶液における溶媒としては、例えば酢酸水溶液、ギ酸水溶液、乳酸水溶液、塩酸水溶液、硝酸水溶液等を挙げることができるが、安全性や取扱いが容易である点で酢酸水溶液が好ましい。
【0022】
酢酸水溶液としては、酢酸濃度が0.5〜5wt%、好ましくは1〜2wt%程度の希酢酸が好ましい。酢酸濃度が0.5wt%未満では、キトサンが溶解しにくくなり、また5wt%を超えると刺激臭が強く、取扱いが困難であるため好ましくない。
【0023】
キトサンを酢酸水溶液に溶解させたときの濃度は、20wt%以下であることが好ましい。濃度が20%を超えると溶液の粘性が極めて高くなり、単板への塗布が困難になる。キトサン溶液の単板への塗布量は80〜300g/m2が望ましい。塗布量が80g/m2未満では均一な塗布が困難であり、300g/m2を超えると接着操作が難しくなる。
【0024】
本発明方法の接着方法の一実施形態を、合板の製造を例にとって説明する。
【0025】
本発明の木材用接着剤を均一に塗布後、単板を繊維方向が互いに直交するように積層した後、圧締する。圧締は、まずコールドプレスを用いて0.2〜2.0MPa程度で仮圧締を行う。0.2MPa未満では十分な仮圧締が行われず、2.0MPaを超えると厚さ減りや単板の座屈の原因となるので好ましくない。その後、ホットプレスを用い、80〜200℃の熱板温度、0.2〜2.0MPaの圧力で圧締する。熱板温度が80℃未満では圧締時間が極めて長くなり、また200℃を超えると木材や接着剤の劣化や分解が懸念されるので好ましくない。圧締圧力が0.2MPa未満や2.0MPaを超えると接着不良となる可能性が大きいために好ましくない。
【0026】
本発明の接着方法の実施形態を例示すると以下のようになる。
(1) 接着しようとする一方の木材の接着面にキトサン溶液を塗布し、キトサン溶液を塗布した接着面に、グルコマンナン粉末を均一に散布し、接着しようとする他方の木材を圧着する方法。
(2) 接着しようとする一方の木材の接着面にグルコマンナン粉末を均一に散布し、接着しようとする他方の接着面にキトサン溶液を塗布し、両者を圧着する方法。
(3) 接着しようとする両方の木材の接着面にキトサン溶液を塗布し、キトサン溶液を塗布した両接着面にグルコマンナンをそれぞれ均一に塗布し、両者を圧着する方法。
(4) 接着しようとする両方の木材の接着面にキトサン溶液を塗布し、キトサン溶液を塗布した一方の接着面にグルコマンナン粉末を均一に散布し、両者を圧着する方法。
【0027】
以下に、本発明を具体的に説明するために実施例を示すが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
【0028】
【実施例】
実施例1
実施例で使用したキトサンは脱アセチル化度80−90%、分子量約35000の精製キトサンであり、グルコマンナンは80メッシュ全通の粉末で分子量約120万である。また、単板には厚さ1.6mmのラワン材を用いた。
【0029】
まず、室温中で1%酢酸水溶液152重量部にキトサン8重量部を加え、攪拌混合して糊液を得た。この糊液を接着面に160g/m2の割合で塗布し、その後グルコマンナン粉末を8g/m2の割合で上から均一に散布した。すなわち、キトサンとグルコマンナンを合わせた固形分ベースの塗布量は16g/m2であった。圧締条件は、冷圧を0.98MPaで10分間行った後、熱圧を130℃、0.98MPaで15分間行った。なお、熱圧開始5分後に脱気を行った。
【0030】
得られた合板は、JIS K6851(接着剤の木材引張りせん断接着強さ試験法)に準拠し、常態、耐水試験を行った。結果は表1のとおりであった。
【0031】
常態試験:試験片を試験室で48時間状態調節した後、接着力試験を行う。
【0032】
耐水試験:30℃の水中に3時間浸漬した後、20℃の水中に10分間浸し、濡れたままの状態で測定。
【0033】
比較例1
市販のカゼイングルー100重量部に水200重量部を添加して、カゼイン接着剤を得た。この接着剤を一接着剤層当たり200g/m2(固形分量66.7g/m2)の割合で接着面に塗布し、3プライ合板を作成した。圧締条件は冷圧を0.98MPaで10分間行った後、熱圧を120℃、0.98MPaで15分間行った。なお、熱圧開始5分後に脱気を行った。得られた合板は、実施例と同様にして各試験を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0034】
比較例2
市販の大豆グルー50重量部に水150重量部を添加して、大豆接着剤を得た。この接着剤を一接着剤層当たり200g/m2(固形分量50g/m2)の割合で接着面に塗布し、3プライ合板を作成した。圧締条件は冷圧を0.98MPaで10分間行った後、熱圧を120℃、0.98MPaで15分間行った。なお、熱圧開始5分後に脱気を行った。得られた合板は、実施例と同様にして各試験を行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0035】
【表1】

Figure 0004097249
【0036】
表1に示した結果から明らかなように、本発明の接着剤は、従来の天然系接着剤の1/3〜1/4の塗布量(固形分量)であるにも係わらず、常態強度、常態強度における木破率、耐水強度とも優れた値を示すことが分かる。
【0037】
【発明の効果】
本発明の木材用接着剤は、従来の合成系接着剤と比べて環境や人体への悪影響が少なく、また従来の天然系接着剤に比べて、固形分量が1/3〜1/4と極めて少量の塗布量であるにも係わらず、優れた接着性能を示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an adhesive for wood and an adhesive method for wood, which contain glucomannan and chitosan as essential components.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Wood adhesives can be broadly classified into synthetic and natural types. A synthetic adhesive is an adhesive made of a synthetic resin having adhesive strength. On the other hand, natural adhesives use compounds extracted and purified from various natural products and optionally modified as adhesives. Typical examples include starch, glue, casein glue, and soybean glue.
[0003]
Chitosan, on the other hand, is a deacetylated product of chitin obtained from crab shells and the like, and is insoluble in water but soluble in dilute acids. It is known that water resistance is improved when a paste solution in which chitosan is dissolved in a dilute acetic acid solution is applied to a wood surface or added to an adhesive for synthetic wood.
[0004]
It is also known that wood can be bonded using glucomannan.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to obtain a synthetic resin as an adhesive, it is necessary to react monomers under predetermined synthesis conditions, which requires a great deal of labor and energy. In addition, the compounds contained in the synthetic resin include many organic compounds that cause environmental pollution and health damage. In particular, sick house syndrome due to a formaldehyde adhesive, which is a typical adhesive for wood, is a remarkable example.
[0006]
On the other hand, conventional natural adhesives are derived from natural products and are considered safer than synthetic adhesives. However, in addition to the low adhesive performance, a large amount of coating is required. Is a drawback.
[0007]
For example, casein glue and soybean glue show relatively excellent adhesiveness among natural adhesives, but are not sufficient compared to synthetic adhesives. Since these adhesives are powders, they need to be dissolved in 2 to 3 times the weight of water when applied. In order to obtain good adhesive performance, a coating amount of 200 g / m 2 or more is required when a plywood having a thickness of 2 mm or less is taken as an example. That is, a solid content of substantially 50 to 66 g / m 2 or more is necessary.
[0008]
Chitosan is known to improve the water resistance of synthetic resin adhesives, but it does not leave the region as a modifier, and glucomannan shows almost no water resistance, so its performance as an adhesive is limited. There is.
[0009]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an adhesive composition and a method for bonding wood, which have less adverse effects on the environment and the human body and are excellent in bonding performance.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of extensive research, the present inventor has found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using glucomannan and chitosan together, and has completed the present invention.
[0011]
That is, the present invention relates to the following main points.
[0012]
(1) An adhesive for wood comprising a glucomannan and chitosan solution .
[0013]
(2) A method for bonding wood, comprising applying a chitosan solution to the bonding surface, spraying glucomannan powder, and press-bonding.
[0014]
(3) The method for bonding wood according to (2), wherein the chitosan solution is a dilute acetic acid solution of chitosan.
[0015]
(4) The method for adhering wood according to (2), wherein the glucomannan powder is a 60-mesh glucomannan powder.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The glucomannan in the present invention is a kind of hexosane in the root mass of konjac (Amorphophallus konjac), and is a heteropolysaccharide in which glucose and mannose are linked by β1 → 4.
[0017]
Glucomannan is prepared by separating and purifying konjac flour.
[0018]
Chitosan, which is another essential component of the adhesive of the present invention, was deacetylated by heating chitin which constitutes arthropod skin, mollusk shell, fungal cell wall with concentrated alkaline solution or by potash melting. Is.
[0019]
The method for bonding wood according to the present invention is characterized in that a chitosan solution is applied to the bonding surface, glucomannan powder is sprayed, and pressure bonding is performed.
[0020]
The particle size of the glucomannan powder in the method of the present invention is preferably 60 mesh, and if the particle size is larger than this, it is difficult to uniformly apply a small amount to a single plate. The application amount of the glucomannan powder is preferably 20 g / m 2 or less, and if it exceeds 20 g / m 2 , swelling of the glucomannan by the chitosan solution becomes insufficient.
[0021]
Examples of the solvent in the chitosan solution in the method of the present invention include an acetic acid aqueous solution, a formic acid aqueous solution, a lactic acid aqueous solution, a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and a nitric acid aqueous solution, but an acetic acid aqueous solution is preferable in terms of safety and easy handling.
[0022]
The acetic acid aqueous solution is preferably dilute acetic acid having an acetic acid concentration of about 0.5 to 5 wt%, preferably about 1 to 2 wt%. If the acetic acid concentration is less than 0.5 wt%, chitosan is difficult to dissolve, and if it exceeds 5 wt%, the irritating odor is strong and the handling is difficult.
[0023]
The concentration when chitosan is dissolved in an acetic acid aqueous solution is preferably 20 wt% or less. If the concentration exceeds 20%, the viscosity of the solution becomes extremely high, and it becomes difficult to apply to a veneer. The amount of chitosan solution applied to a single plate is preferably 80 to 300 g / m 2 . When the coating amount is less than 80 g / m 2 , uniform coating is difficult, and when it exceeds 300 g / m 2 , the bonding operation becomes difficult.
[0024]
One embodiment of the bonding method of the method of the present invention will be described taking the production of plywood as an example.
[0025]
After uniformly applying the wood adhesive of the present invention, the single plates are laminated so that the fiber directions are perpendicular to each other, and then pressed. For the pressing, first, temporary pressing is performed at about 0.2 to 2.0 MPa using a cold press. If the pressure is less than 0.2 MPa, sufficient temporary pressing is not performed. If the pressure exceeds 2.0 MPa, the thickness is reduced and the single plate is buckled. Thereafter, using a hot press, pressing is performed at a hot plate temperature of 80 to 200 ° C. and a pressure of 0.2 to 2.0 MPa. When the hot plate temperature is less than 80 ° C., the pressing time becomes extremely long, and when it exceeds 200 ° C., there is a concern about deterioration or decomposition of wood or adhesive, which is not preferable. If the pressing pressure is less than 0.2 MPa or more than 2.0 MPa, there is a high possibility of adhesion failure, which is not preferable.
[0026]
An embodiment of the bonding method of the present invention is exemplified as follows.
(1) A method in which a chitosan solution is applied to the bonding surface of one piece of wood to be bonded, and glucomannan powder is uniformly dispersed on the bonding surface to which the chitosan solution is applied, and the other piece of wood to be bonded is pressure-bonded.
(2) A method in which glucomannan powder is uniformly dispersed on the bonding surface of one wood to be bonded, a chitosan solution is applied to the other bonding surface to be bonded, and both are pressure-bonded.
(3) A method in which a chitosan solution is applied to the adhesive surfaces of both pieces of wood to be bonded, glucomannan is uniformly applied to both adhesive surfaces to which the chitosan solution is applied, and both are pressure-bonded.
(4) A method in which a chitosan solution is applied to the bonding surfaces of both pieces of wood to be bonded, the glucomannan powder is uniformly sprayed on one bonding surface to which the chitosan solution is applied, and both are pressure-bonded.
[0027]
Examples are shown below to specifically describe the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0028]
【Example】
Example 1
The chitosan used in the examples is purified chitosan having a degree of deacetylation of 80-90% and a molecular weight of about 35,000, and glucomannan is a powder of 80 mesh and has a molecular weight of about 1.2 million. In addition, a lauan material having a thickness of 1.6 mm was used for the single plate.
[0029]
First, 8 parts by weight of chitosan was added to 152 parts by weight of an aqueous 1% acetic acid solution at room temperature, followed by stirring and mixing to obtain a paste solution. This paste solution was applied to the adhesive surface at a rate of 160 g / m 2 , and then glucomannan powder was uniformly sprayed from above at a rate of 8 g / m 2 . That is, the solid-based coating amount of chitosan and glucomannan combined was 16 g / m 2 . The pressing conditions were a cold pressure of 0.98 MPa for 10 minutes and a hot pressure of 130 ° C. and 0.98 MPa for 15 minutes. In addition, deaeration was performed 5 minutes after the start of hot pressure.
[0030]
The obtained plywood was subjected to a normal state and a water resistance test in accordance with JIS K6851 (wood tensile shear bond strength test method of adhesive). The results are shown in Table 1.
[0031]
Normal test: After the specimen is conditioned for 48 hours in the test room, an adhesion test is performed.
[0032]
Water resistance test: After being immersed in 30 ° C. water for 3 hours, immersed in 20 ° C. water for 10 minutes and measured in a wet state.
[0033]
Comparative Example 1
200 parts by weight of water was added to 100 parts by weight of commercially available casein glue to obtain a casein adhesive. This adhesive was applied to the adhesive surface at a rate of 200 g / m 2 (solid content 66.7 g / m 2 ) per adhesive layer to prepare a 3-ply plywood. The pressing conditions were a cold pressure of 0.98 MPa for 10 minutes and a hot pressure of 120 ° C. and 0.98 MPa for 15 minutes. In addition, deaeration was performed 5 minutes after the start of hot pressure. The obtained plywood was tested in the same manner as in the examples. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0034]
Comparative Example 2
150 parts by weight of water was added to 50 parts by weight of a commercially available soybean glue to obtain a soybean adhesive. This adhesive was applied to the adhesive surface at a rate of 200 g / m 2 (solid content 50 g / m 2 ) per one adhesive layer to prepare a 3-ply plywood. The pressing conditions were a cold pressure of 0.98 MPa for 10 minutes and a hot pressure of 120 ° C. and 0.98 MPa for 15 minutes. In addition, deaeration was performed 5 minutes after the start of hot pressure. The obtained plywood was tested in the same manner as in the examples. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0035]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004097249
[0036]
As is apparent from the results shown in Table 1, the adhesive of the present invention has a normal strength, despite the application amount (solid content) of 1/3 to 1/4 of the conventional natural adhesive. It can be seen that the wood breaking rate and the water resistance strength at normal strength show excellent values.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
The adhesive for wood of the present invention has less adverse effects on the environment and the human body than conventional synthetic adhesives, and has a solid content of 1/3 to 1/4 compared to conventional natural adhesives. Despite a small coating amount, it exhibits excellent adhesion performance.

Claims (4)

グルコマンナンおよびキトサン溶液からなる木材用接着剤。An adhesive for wood comprising a glucomannan and chitosan solution . 接着面にキトサン溶液を塗布し、グルコマンナン粉末を散布し、圧着することを特徴とする木材の接着方法。A method for adhering wood, characterized in that a chitosan solution is applied to an adhesion surface, glucomannan powder is dispersed, and pressure bonding is performed. 前記キトサン溶液が、キトサンの希酢酸溶液であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の木材の接着方法。The wood bonding method according to claim 2, wherein the chitosan solution is a dilute acetic acid solution of chitosan. 前記グルコマンナン粉末が、60メッシュ全通のグルコマンナン粉末であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の木材の接着方法。The method for bonding wood according to claim 2, wherein the glucomannan powder is a 60-mesh glucomannan powder.
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