JP4097316B2 - Method for oxidizing ethers and method for producing acetal compounds or carbonyl compounds - Google Patents
Method for oxidizing ethers and method for producing acetal compounds or carbonyl compounds Download PDFInfo
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- JP4097316B2 JP4097316B2 JP09999698A JP9999698A JP4097316B2 JP 4097316 B2 JP4097316 B2 JP 4097316B2 JP 09999698 A JP09999698 A JP 09999698A JP 9999698 A JP9999698 A JP 9999698A JP 4097316 B2 JP4097316 B2 JP 4097316B2
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- -1 acetal compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 88
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 27
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000006574 non-aromatic ring group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 40
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 29
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 24
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- SFLGSKRGOWRGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2COCC2=C1 SFLGSKRGOWRGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical group CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- ARGCQEVBJHPOGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dihydrofuran Chemical compound C1OCC=C1 ARGCQEVBJHPOGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CFMZSMGAMPBRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(O)C(=O)C2=C1 CFMZSMGAMPBRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WNZQDUSMALZDQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)OCC2=C1 WNZQDUSMALZDQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052696 pnictogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HBEDSQVIWPRPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OCCC2=C1 HBEDSQVIWPRPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000006374 C2-C10 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical group CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- HEBMCVBCEDMUOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isochromane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2COCCC2=C1 HEBMCVBCEDMUOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- ZWLUXSQADUDCSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=O ZWLUXSQADUDCSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UNDXPKDBFOOQFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]morpholine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1N1CCOCC1 UNDXPKDBFOOQFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Chemical class CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 3
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- GQKZBCPTCWJTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound COCC1=CC=CC=C1 GQKZBCPTCWJTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XGJWQNKXTXSVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5,7-tetraoxocane Chemical compound C1OCOCOCO1 XGJWQNKXTXSVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHBQPCCCRFSCAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 OHBQPCCCRFSCAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JPQWBGWCHRUTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3,4-dihydro-1h-isochromen-1-yloxy)-3,4-dihydro-1h-isochromene Chemical compound O1CCC2=CC=CC=C2C1OC1C2=CC=CC=C2CCO1 JPQWBGWCHRUTAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MFJCPDOGFAYSTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-isochromene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2COC=CC2=C1 MFJCPDOGFAYSTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JECYNCQXXKQDJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylhexan-2-yloxymethyl)oxirane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)(C)OCC1CO1 JECYNCQXXKQDJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XVHIUKSUZLPFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethyl)benzaldehyde Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1C=O XVHIUKSUZLPFCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropoxy)propane Chemical compound CC(C)COCC(C)C SZNYYWIUQFZLLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-1,2-benzoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CNOC2=C1 CMLFRMDBDNHMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical class [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamantane Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1CC2C3 ORILYTVJVMAKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008378 aryl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZWXIQHBIQLMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCOC2=C1 VZWXIQHBIQLMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QZHPTGXQGDFGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C[CH]OC2=C1 QZHPTGXQGDFGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001925 cycloalkenes Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical group C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004742 propyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium metavanadate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][V](=O)=O CMZUMMUJMWNLFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IBWGNZVCJVLSHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC IBWGNZVCJVLSHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorophthalic anhydride Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1Cl AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ODTSDWCGLRVBHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrahexylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC ODTSDWCGLRVBHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NJFUXFRJVIXVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[P+](C)(C)C NJFUXFRJVIXVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MKBMFIUCQUUSSD-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(hexadecyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC MKBMFIUCQUUSSD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NNENFOSYDBTCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(hexadecyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NNENFOSYDBTCBO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ICTMDIORIDZWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(phenyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ICTMDIORIDZWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZQPLVTMCKFXQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethyl(phenyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[P+](CC)(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZQPLVTMCKFXQJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LKDQWVKWYGOVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-M triethylsulfanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CC[S+](CC)CC LKDQWVKWYGOVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L vanadium(2+);sulfate Chemical compound [V+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O VLOPEOIIELCUML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UUUGYDOQQLOJQA-UHFFFAOYSA-L vanadyl sulfate Chemical compound [V+2]=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O UUUGYDOQQLOJQA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940041260 vanadyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000352 vanadyl sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical class [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Furan Compounds (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、エーテル類から対応する酸化物(アセタール化合物、カルボニル化合物など)を製造する上で有用な酸化方法、及びアセタール化合物又はカルボニル化合物の製造法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
カルボニル化合物は、医薬、農薬、香料、染料、有機合成中間体などとして重要な化合物である。また、アセタール化合物は、前記カルボニル化合物のカルボニル基の保護体として重要である。
エーテル類からカルボニル化合物を得る方法として、過酸化物、四酢酸鉛、硝酸銅などを酸化剤として用いる方法が知られている。しかし、これらの方法では、危険性の高い試薬や金属化合物を多量に用いる必要があり、取扱性、経済性などの点で不利である。
なお、Tetrahedoron Lett., 1997, 7075には、本発明と同様のN−ヒドロキシフタルイミドを触媒として、アダマンタンと一酸化窒素とを反応させると、リッター反応が進行し、対応するアミド類が生成することが報告されている。しかし、エーテル類と一酸化窒素との反応については記載されていない。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の目的は、エーテル類を簡易に且つ効率よく酸化でき、アセタール化合物やカルボニル化合物などを生成させるのに有用な方法を提供することにある。
本発明の他の目的は、温和な条件下、エーテル類から対応するアセタール化合物やカルボニル化合物を収率よく製造できる方法を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記目的を達成するため鋭意検討した結果、特定の触媒の存在下、エーテル類を一酸化窒素と反応させると、対応する酸化物が収率よく生成することを見いだし、本発明を完成した。
【0005】
すなわち、本発明は、下記式(1)
【化1】
(式中、R1及びR2は、同一又は異なって、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アリール基、シクロアルキル基、ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アシル基を示し、R1及びR2は互いに結合して二重結合、または芳香族性又は非芳香族性の環を形成してもよい。Xは酸素原子又はヒドロキシル基を示し、nは1〜3の整数を示す)
で表されるイミド化合物で構成された酸化触媒の存在下、下記式(2)
【化2】
(式中、R a1 及びR a2 は、同一又は異なって、水素原子、炭化水素基又は複素環基を示し、R b は炭化水素基又は複素環基を示す。R a1 とR a2 、R a1 又はR a2 とR b とは、それぞれ、互いに結合して、隣接する炭素原子、又は隣接する炭素原子及び酸素原子と共に環を形成してもよい)
で表されるエーテル類と一酸化窒素とを反応させて、下記式(3)
【化3】
(式中、R a1 、R a2 、R b は前記に同じ)
で表されるアセタール化合物、又は下記式(4)
【化4】
(式中、R a1 、R a2 は前記に同じ)
で表されるカルボニル化合物を生成させる、アセタール化合物又はカルボニル化合物の製造法を提供する。
【0007】
さらに、本発明は、前記式(1)で表されるイミド化合物で構成された酸化触媒の存在下、前記式(2)で表されるエーテル類と一酸化窒素とを反応させて、前記式(3)で表されるアセタール化合物を生成させ、次いで、該アセタール化合物を、下記式(5)
Rc−OH (5)
(式中、Rcは、水素原子、炭化水素基又は複素環基を示す)
で表される化合物と反応させて、下記式(6)、又は(7)及び(8)
【化8】
(式中、Ra1、Ra2、Rb、Rcは前記に同じ)
で表される化合物を生成させるアセタール化合物の製造法を提供する。
また、本発明は、上記のアセタール化合物の製造法により生成した前記式(6)で表される化合物、式(7)で表される化合物、又は式(7)及び式(8)で表される化合物を、加水分解に付して、下記式(9)、(10)、(4)、または(4)及び(8)
【化9】
(式中、Ra1、Ra2、Rb、Rcは前記に同じ)
で表される化合物を得るアセタール化合物又はカルボニル化合物の製造法を提供する。
【0008】
さらにまた、本発明は、前記式(1)で表されるイミド化合物で構成された酸化触媒の存在下、下記式(2a)
【化11】
(式中、Ra1、Ra2、Ra3及びRa4は、同一又は異なって、水素原子、炭化水素基又は複素環基を示す。Ra1とRa2、Ra3とRa4、Ra1又はRa2とRa3又はRa4Rbとは、それぞれ、互いに結合して、隣接する炭素原子、又は隣接する2つの炭素原子及び酸素原子と共に環を形成してもよい)
で表されるエーテル類と、一酸化窒素とを反応させて、下記式(4a)
【化12】
(式中、Ra1、Ra2、Ra3、Ra4は前記に同じ)
で表されるカルボニル化合物を生成させるカルボニル化合物の製造法を提供する。
【0009】
なお、本明細書において、「アセタール化合物」とは、ケタール(ケトンアセタール)化合物及びヘミアセタール化合物をも含む意味に用いる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
[イミド化合物]
前記式(1)で表されるイミド化合物において、置換基R1及びR2のうちハロゲン原子には、ヨウ素、臭素、塩素およびフッ素が含まれる。アルキル基には、例えば、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、s−ブチル、t−ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、ヘプチル、オクチル、デシル基などのC1-10程度の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状アルキル基が含まれる。好ましいアルキル基としては、例えば、C1-6程度、特にC1-4程度のアルキル基が挙げられる。
【0011】
アリール基には、フェニル基、ナフチル基などが含まれ、シクロアルキル基には、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロオクチル基などが含まれる。アルコキシ基には、例えば、メトキシ、エトキシ、プロポキシ、イソプロポキシ、ブトキシ、イソブトキシ、t−ブトキシ、ペンチルオキシ、ヘキシルオキシ基などのC1-10程度、好ましくはC1-6程度、特にC1-4程度のアルコキシ基が含まれる。
【0012】
アルコキシカルボニル基には、例えば、メトキシカルボニル、エトキシカルボニル、プロポキシカルボニル、イソプロポキシカルボニル、ブトキシカルボニル、イソブトキシカルボニル、t−ブトキシカルボニル、ペンチルオキシカルボニル、ヘキシルオキシカルボニル基などのアルコキシ部分がC1-10程度のアルコキシカルボニル基が含まれる。好ましいアルコキシカルボニル基にはアルコキシ部分がC1-6程度、特にC1-4程度のアルコキシカルボニル基が含まれる。
【0013】
アシル基としては、例えば、ホルミル、アセチル、プロピオニル、ブチリル、イソブチリル、バレリル、イソバレリル、ピバロイル基などのC1-6程度のアシル基が例示できる。
【0014】
前記置換基R1およびR2は、同一又は異なっていてもよい。また、前記式(1)において、R1およびR2は互いに結合して、二重結合、または芳香族性又は非芳香族性の環を形成してもよい。好ましい芳香族性又は非芳香族性環は5〜12員環、特に6〜10員環程度であり、複素環又は縮合複素環であってもよいが、炭化水素環である場合が多い。このような環には、例えば、非芳香族性脂環式環(シクロヘキサン環などの置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルカン環、シクロヘキセン環などの置換基を有していてもよいシクロアルケン環など)、非芳香族性橋かけ環(5−ノルボルネン環などの置換基を有していてもよい橋かけ式炭化水素環など)、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環などの置換基を有していてもよい芳香族環が含まれる。前記環は、芳香族環で構成される場合が多い。前記環は、アルキル基、ハロアルキル基、ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、アミノ基、ハロゲン原子などの置換基を有していてもよい。
【0015】
好ましいイミド化合物には、下記式で表される化合物が含まれる。
【化13】
(式中、R3〜R6は、同一又は異なって、水素原子、アルキル基、ハロアルキル基、ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アシル基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、アミノ基、ハロゲン原子を示す。窒素原子NとXとの結合は単結合又は二重結合を示す。R3〜R6は、隣接する基同士が互いに結合して芳香族性又は非芳香族性の環を形成していていもよい。R1、R2およびnは前記に同じ)
置換基R3〜R6において、アルキル基には、前記例示のアルキル基と同様のアルキル基、特にC1-6程度のアルキル基が含まれ、アルコキシ基には、前記と同様のアルコキシ基、特にC1-4程度のアルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基には、前記と同様のアルコキシカルボニル基、特にアルコキシ部分がC1-4程度のアルコキシカルボニル基が含まれる。また、アシル基としては、前記と同様のアシル基、特にC1-6程度のアシル基が例示され、ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素、塩素、臭素原子などが例示できる。置換基R3〜R6は、通常、水素原子、C1-4程度のアルキル基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、ハロゲン原子である場合が多い。R3〜R6が互いに結合して形成する環としては、前記R1及びR2が互いに結合して形成する環と同様であり、特に芳香族性又は非芳香族性の5〜12員環が好ましい。
【0016】
前記式(1)において、Xは酸素原子又はヒドロキシル基を示し、窒素原子NとXとの結合は単結合又は二重結合である。nは、通常、1〜3程度、好ましくは1又は2である。式(1)で表される化合物は酸化反応において一種又は二種以上使用できる。
【0017】
前記式(1)で表されるイミド化合物に対応する酸無水物には、例えば、無水コハク酸、無水マレイン酸などの飽和又は不飽和脂肪族ジカルボン酸無水物、テトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸(1,2−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸無水物)、1,2,3,4−シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸1,2−無水物などの飽和又は不飽和非芳香族性環状多価カルボン酸無水物(脂環式多価カルボン酸無水物)、無水ヘット酸、無水ハイミック酸などの橋かけ環式多価カルボン酸無水物(脂環式多価カルボン酸無水物)、無水フタル酸、テトラブロモ無水フタル酸、テトラクロロ無水フタル酸、無水ニトロフタル酸、無水トリメリット酸、メチルシクロヘキセントリカルボン酸無水物、無水ピロリメット酸、無水メリト酸、1,8;4,5−ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸二無水物などの芳香族多価カルボン酸無水物が含まれる。
【0018】
好ましいイミド化合物としては、例えば、N−ヒドロキシコハク酸イミド、N−ヒドロキシマレイン酸イミド、N−ヒドロキシヘキサヒドロフタル酸イミド、N,N′−ジヒドロキシシクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸イミド、N−ヒドロキシフタル酸イミド、N−ヒドロキシテトラブロモフタル酸イミド、N−ヒドロキシテトラクロロフタル酸イミド、N−ヒドロキシヘット酸イミド、N−ヒドロキシハイミック酸イミド、N−ヒドロキシトリメリット酸イミド、N,N′−ジヒドロキシピロメリット酸イミド、N,N′−ジヒドロキシナフタレンテトラカルボン酸イミドなどが挙げられる。特に好ましい化合物は、脂環式多価カルボン酸無水物又は芳香族多価カルボン酸無水物、なかでも芳香族多価カルボン酸無水物から誘導されるN−ヒドロキシイミド化合物、例えば、N−ヒドロキシフタル酸イミドなどが含まれる。
【0019】
前記イミド化合物は、慣用のイミド化反応、例えば、対応する酸無水物とヒドロキシルアミンNH2OHとを反応させ、酸無水物基の開環及び閉環を経てイミド化する方法により調製できる。
【0020】
式(1)で表されるイミド化合物の使用量は、広い範囲で選択でき、例えば、エーテル類1モルに対して0.001〜1モル、好ましくは0.001〜0.5モル、さらに好ましくは0.01〜0.30モル程度であり、0.01〜0.25モル程度である場合が多い。
【0021】
[助触媒]
本発明の方法では、前記式(1)で表される触媒と助触媒とを併用することもできる。助触媒を用いることにより、反応の転化率や選択率を向上できる場合がある。このような助触媒には、例えば、(i)金属化合物、(ii)少なくとも1つの有機基が結合した周期表15族又は16族元素を含む多原子陽イオン又は多原子陰イオンとカウンターイオンとで構成された有機塩などが含まれる。
【0022】
金属化合物(i)を構成する金属元素としては、特に限定されず、周期表1〜15族の金属元素の何れであってもよい。なお、本明細書では、ホウ素Bも金属元素に含まれるものとする。例えば、前記金属元素として、周期表1族元素(Li、Na、Kなど)、2族元素(Mg、Ca、Sr、Baなど)、3族元素(Sc、ランタノイド元素、アクチノイド元素など)、4族元素(Ti、Zr、Hfなど)、5族元素(Vなど)、6族元素(Cr、Mo、Wなど)、7族元素(Mnなど)、8族元素(Fe、Ruなど)、9族元素(Co、Rhなど)、10族元素(Ni、Pd、Ptなど)、11族元素(Cuなど)、12族元素(Znなど)、13族元素(B、Al、Inなど)、14族元素(Sn、Pbなど)、15族元素(Sb、Biなど)などが挙げられる。好ましい金属元素には、遷移金属元素(周期表3〜12族元素)が含まれる。なかでも、周期表5〜11族元素が好ましい。金属元素の原子価は特に制限されず、1〜6価程度であってもよいが、2価又は3価程度である場合が多い。
【0023】
金属化合物(i)としては、前記金属元素の単体、水酸化物、酸化物(複合酸化物を含む)、ハロゲン化物(フッ化物、塩化物、臭化物、ヨウ化物)、オキソ酸塩(例えば、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、ホウ酸塩、炭酸塩など)、オキソ酸、イソポリ酸、ヘテロポリ酸などの無機化合物;有機酸塩(例えば、酢酸塩、プロピオン酸塩、青酸塩、ナフテン酸塩、ステアリン酸塩など)、錯体などの有機化合物が挙げられる。前記錯体を構成する配位子としては、OH(ヒドロキソ)、アルコキシ(メトキシ、エトキシ、プロポキシ、ブトキシなど)、アシル(アセチル、プロピオニルなど)、アルコキシカルボニル(メトキシカルボニル、エトキシカルボニルなど)、アセチルアセトナト、シクロペンタジエニル基、ハロゲン原子(塩素、臭素など)、CO、CN、酸素原子、H2O(アコ)、ホスフィン(トリフェニルホスフィンなどのトリアリールホスフィンなど)のリン化合物、NH3(アンミン)、NO、NO2(ニトロ)、NO3(ニトラト)、エチレンジアミン、ジエチレントリアミン、ピリジン、フェナントロリンなどの窒素含有化合物などが挙げられる。
【0024】
金属化合物(i)の具体例としては、例えば、コバルト化合物を例にとると、水酸化コバルト、酸化コバルト、塩化コバルト、臭化コバルト、硝酸コバルト、硫酸コバルト、リン酸コバルトなどの無機化合物;酢酸コバルト、ナフテン酸コバルト、ステアリン酸コバルトなどの有機酸塩;コバルトアセチルアセトナトなどの錯体等の2価又は3価のコバルト化合物などが挙げられる。また、バナジウム化合物の例としては、水酸化バナジウム、酸化バナジウム、塩化バナジウム、塩化バナジル、硫酸バナジウム、硫酸バナジル、バナジン酸ナトリウムなどの無機化合物;バナジウムアセチルアセトナト、バナジルアセチルアセトナトなどの錯体等の2〜5価のバナジウム化合物などが挙げられる。他の金属元素の化合物としては、前記コバルト又はバナジウム化合物に対応する化合物などが例示される。金属化合物(i)は、単独で又は2種以上組み合わせて使用できる。
【0025】
前記金属化合物(i)の使用量は、例えば、エーテル類1モルに対して、0.0001〜0.7モル、好ましくは0.001〜0.5モル、さらに好ましくは0.002〜0.1モル程度であり、0.005〜0.05モル程度である場合が多い。
【0026】
前記有機塩(ii)において、周期表15族元素には、N、P、As、Sb、Biが含まれる。周期表16族元素には、O、S、Se、Teなどが含まれる。好ましい元素としては、N、P、As、Sb、Sが挙げられ、特に、N、P、Sなどが好ましい。
【0027】
前記元素の原子に結合する有機基には、置換基を有していてもよい炭化水素基、置換オキシ基などが含まれる。炭化水素基としては、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、s−ブチル、t−ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、オクチル、デシル、テトラデシル、ヘキサデシル、オクタデシル、アリルなどの炭素数1〜30程度(好ましくは炭素数1〜20程度)の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基(アルキル基、アルケニル基及びアルキニル基);シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシルなどの炭素数3〜8程度の脂環式炭化水素基;フェニル、ナフチルなどの炭素数6〜14程度の芳香族炭化水素基などが挙げられる。炭化水素基が有していてもよい置換基として、例えば、ハロゲン原子、オキソ基、ヒドロキシル基、置換オキシ基(例えば、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アシルオキシ基など)、カルボキシル基、置換オキシカルボニル基、置換又は無置換カルバモイル基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、置換又は無置換アミノ基、アルキル基(例えば、メチル、エチル基などのC1-4アルキル基など)、シクロアルキル基、アリール基(例えば、フェニル、ナフチル基など)、複素環基などが例示できる。好ましい炭化水素基には、炭素数1〜30程度のアルキル基、炭素数6〜14程度の芳香族炭化水素基(特に、フェニル基又はナフチル基)などが含まれる。前記置換オキシ基には、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アラルキルオキシ基などが含まれる。
【0028】
前記多原子陽イオンは、例えば、下記式(7)で表される。この多原子陽イオンは、カウンターアニオンとともに、下記式(8)で表される有機オニウム塩を構成する。
[Rd mA]+ (7)
[Rd mA]+Y- (8)
上記式中、Rdは炭化水素基又は水素原子を示す。4個のRdは互いに同一又は異なっていてもよく、少なくとも1つのRdは炭化水素基である。Aは周期表15族又は16族元素の原子を示す。2つのRdは互いに結合して隣接するAと共に環を形成してもよく、また、2つのRdが一体となってAと二重結合を形成すると共に他のRdと結合してAとで環を形成してもよい。mは3又は4を示す。Y-は、カウンターアニオンを示し、Yは酸基を示す。なお、上記炭化水素基は、例えば前記の置換基を有していてもよい。
【0029】
2つのRdが互いに結合して隣接するAと共に形成する環としては、ピロリジン環、ピペリジン環などの3〜8員(好ましくは、5〜6員)程度の含窒素(又は含リン)複素環などが挙げられる。また、2つのRdが一体となってAと二重結合を形成すると共に他のRdと結合してAとで形成する環としては、ピリジン環などの5〜8員の含窒素複素環などが挙げられる。これらの環にはベンゼン環などの環が縮合していてもよい。このような縮合環として、キノリン環などが挙げられる。Aが周期表15族元素の原子のとき、mは4である場合が多く、Aが周期表16族元素の原子のとき、mは3である場合が多い。
【0030】
前記Aは、好ましくは、N、P、As、Sb、又はSであり、さらに好ましくは、N、P、又はSであり、特に、N又はPが好ましい。また、好ましい多原子陽イオンでは、4個のRdのすべてが有機基である(Aを含む環が形成されている場合を含む)。
【0031】
酸基Yとしては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子などのハロゲン原子;硝酸基(NO3)、硫酸基(SO4)、リン酸基(PO4)、過塩素酸基(ClO4)などの無機酸基;酢酸基(CH3CO2)、メタンスルホン酸基、ベンゼンスルホン酸基などの有機酸基などが挙げられる。好ましい酸基には、ハロゲン原子及び無機酸基が含まれ、特に塩素原子、臭素原子などのハロゲン原子が好ましい。
【0032】
前記有機オニウム塩のなかでも、有機アンモニウム塩、有機ホスホニウム塩、有機スルホニウム塩などが特に好ましい。有機アンモニウム塩の具体例としては、テトラメチルアンモニウムクロリド、テトラエチルアンモニウムクロリド、テトラブチルアンモニウムクロリド、テトラヘキシルアンモニウムクロリド、トリオクチルメチルアンモニウムクロリド、トリエチルフェニルアンモニウムクロリド、トリブチル(ヘキサデシル)アンモニウムクロリド、ジ(オクタデシル)ジメチルアンモニウムクロリドなどの第4級アンモニウムクロリド、及び対応する第4級アンモニウムブロミドなどの、窒素原子に4つの炭化水素基が結合した第4級アンモニウム塩;ジメチルピペリジニウムクロリド、ヘキサデシルピリジニウムクロリド、メチルキノリニウムクロリドなどの環状第4級アンモニウム塩などが挙げられる。
【0033】
また、有機ホスホニウム塩の具体例としては、テトラメチルホスホニウムクロリド、テトラブチルホスホニウムクロリド、トリブチル(ヘキサデシル)ホスホニウムクロリド、トリエチルフェニルホスホニウムクロリドなどの第4級ホスホニウムクロリド、及び対応する第4級ホスホニウムブロミドなどの、リン原子に4つの炭化水素基が結合した第4級ホスホニウム塩などが挙げられる。有機スルホニウム塩の具体例としては、トリエチルスルホニウムイオジド、エチルジフェニルスルホニウムイオジドなどの、イオウ原子に3つの炭化水素基が結合したスルホニウム塩などが挙げられる。
【0034】
前記多原子陰イオンは、例えば、下記式(9)で表される。この多原子陰イオンは、カウンターカチオンとともに、下記式(10)で表される有機塩を構成する。
[ReAO3]q- (9)
Zq+[ReAO3]q- (10)
上記式中、Reは炭化水素基又は水素原子を示す。Aは周期表15族又は16族元素の原子を示す。qは1又は2を示し、Zq+は、カウンターカチオンを示す。
【0035】
Reで示される炭化水素基としては、前記と同様の基のほか、樹脂(ポリマー鎖又はその分岐鎖)が挙げられる。好ましいAには、S、Pなどが含まれる。AがSなどのとき、qは1であり、AがPなどのとき、qは2である。Zとしては、ナトリウム、カリウムなどのアルカリ金属;マグネシウム、カルシウムなどのアルカリ土類金属などが挙げられる。好ましいZにはアルカリ金属が含まれる。Zq+は、前記の多原子陽イオンであってもよい。
【0036】
前記式(10)で表される有機塩としては、メタンスルホン酸塩、エタンスルホン酸塩、オクタンスルホン酸塩、ドデカンスルホン酸塩などのアルキルスルホン酸塩;ベンゼンスルホン酸塩、p−トルエンスルホン酸塩、ナフタレンスルホン酸塩、デシルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、ドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸塩などのアルキル基で置換されていてもよいアリールスルホン酸塩;スルホン酸型イオン交換樹脂(イオン交換体);ホスホン酸型イオン交換樹脂(イオン交換体)などが挙げられる。なかでも、C6-18アルキルスルホン酸塩、C6-18アルキル−アリールスルホン酸塩を用いる場合が多い。
【0037】
有機塩(ii)の使用量は、例えば、エーテル類1モルに対して0.0001〜0.7モル、好ましくは0.001〜0.5モル、さらに好ましくは0.002〜0.1モル程度であり、0.005〜0.05モル程度である場合が多い。有機塩(ii)の使用量が多すぎると、反応速度が低下する場合がある。
【0038】
本発明では、さらに他の触媒成分を併用してもよい。
【0039】
前記式(1)で表されるイミド化合物、又はこのイミド化合物および前記助触媒で構成される触媒は、均一系であってもよく、不均一系であってもよい。また、触媒は、担体に触媒成分が担持された固体触媒であってもよい。担体としては、活性炭、ゼオライト、シリカ、シリカ−アルミナ、ベントナイトなどの多孔質担体を用いる場合が多い。固体触媒における触媒成分の担持量は、担体100重量部に対して、0、1〜50重量部、好ましくは0、5〜30重量部、さらに好ましくは1〜20重量部程度である。
【0040】
[エーテル類]
反応成分として用いるエーテル類は、脂肪族エーテル、脂環式エーテル、芳香族エーテル、複素環式エーテルなどの鎖状エーテル;環状エーテルの何れであってもよい。前記環状エーテルにおいて、エーテル結合を含む環には、芳香族性又は非芳香族性環が縮合していてもよい。また、エーテル類は、分子中に複数のエーテル結合を有していてもよい。
【0041】
本発明におけるエーテル類は、前記式(2)で表される。式中、Ra1、Ra2、Rbにおける炭化水素基には、脂肪族炭化水素基、脂環式炭化水素基、芳香族炭化水素基が含まれる。脂肪族炭化水素基としては、メチル、エチル、プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソブチル、s−ブチル、t−ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、オクチル、デシル基などの炭素数1〜15(好ましくは1〜10)程度のアルキル基;ビニル、2−プロペニル基などの炭素数2〜15(好ましくは2〜10)程度のアルケニル基;エチニル、プロピニル基などの炭素数2〜15(好ましくは2〜10)程度のアルキニル基などが挙げられる。
【0042】
脂環式炭化水素基としては、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロオクチル、シクロへキセニル基などの炭素数3〜15(好ましくは3〜10)程度のシクロアルキル基又はシクロアルケニル基が挙げられる。脂環式炭化水素基を構成する非芳香族性炭素環には、ベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環などの炭素環、ピリジン環などの複素環が縮合していてもよい。
【0043】
芳香族炭化水素基としては、フェニル、ナフチル基などが挙げられる。芳香族炭化水素基を構成する芳香環には、シクロヘキサン環などの炭素環、ピリジン環などの複素環が縮合していてもよい。
【0044】
前記Ra1、Ra2、Rbにおける複素環基に対応する複素環としては、例えば、フラン、オキサゾール、イソオキサゾール、チオフェン、チアゾール、イソチアゾール、チアジアゾール、ピロール、ピラゾール、イミダゾール、トリアゾール、ピリジン、ピリダジン、ピリミジン、ピラジン環などの、窒素、酸素及びイオウ原子から選択された少なくとも1種のヘテロ原子を1〜3個程度有する5又は6員の複素環などが挙げられる。この複素環には、ベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環などの炭素環、ピリジン環などの複素環が縮合していてもよい。
Ra1及びRa2のうち一方は、水素原子又は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、特に水素原子である場合が多い。
【0045】
Ra1とRa2とが結合して、隣接する炭素原子と共に形成する環としては、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロオクチル、シクロへキセニル環などの3〜15員(好ましくは3〜10員)の炭素環などが含まれる。この炭素環には、ベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環などの炭素環、ピリジン環などの複素環が縮合していてもよい。
【0046】
Ra1又はRa2とRbとが結合して、隣接する炭素原子及び酸素原子と共に形成する環としては、オキシラン、オキセタン、2,5−ジヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロフラン、3,6−ジヒドロピラン、テトラヒドロピラン、ジヒドロオキセピン、テトラヒドロオキセピン、オキセパン、ジヒドロオキソシン、テトラヒドロオキソシン、オキソカン、1,3,5,7−テトラオキソカン、ジヒドロオキソニン、ジオキサン、ジヒドロジオキシン、ジヒドロオキサチイン、テトラヒドロオキサチイン、ジヒドロオキサジン、ペルヒドロオキサジン環などの、少なくとも1個の酸素原子を含む3〜20員(好ましくは3〜15員、さらに好ましくは4〜10員)程度の非芳香族性複素環が挙げられる。この環には、ベンゼン環、シクロヘキサン環などの炭素環(例えば、3〜15員程度の芳香族性又は非芳香族性炭素環)、ピリジン環などの複素環(例えば、3〜15員程度の芳香族性又は非芳香族性複素環)が縮合していてもよい。このような炭素環又は複素環が縮合した縮合環として、例えば、クマラン、イソクマラン(フタラン)、クロマン、クロメン、イソクロマン、イソクロメン、キサンテン、ベンズオキサジン、3,6,8−トリオキサビシクロ[3.2.2]ノナン環などが例示できる。Ra1又はRa2とRbとが結合して、隣接する炭素原子及び酸素原子と共に環を形成する場合、式(2)で表されるエーテル類は、環状エーテルを構成する。
【0047】
前記炭化水素基、複素環基、Ra1とRa2とが結合して隣接する炭素原子と共に形成する環、Ra1又はRa2とRbとが結合して隣接する炭素原子及び酸素原子と共に形成する環には、種々の置換基、例えば、ハロゲン原子(ヨウ素、臭素、塩素およびフッ素原子)、オキソ基、ヒドロキシル基、メルカプト基、ヒドロキシアルキル基(例えば、ヒドロキシメチル、2−ヒドロキシエチル基などのヒドロキシC1-4アルキル基など)、置換オキシ基[例えば、アルコキシ基(メトキシ基などのC1-4アルコキシ基など)、アリールオキシ基、アシルオキシ基(アセトキシ、ベンゾイルオキシ基などのC2-10アシルオキシ基)など]、置換チオ基、カルボキシル基、置換オキシカルボニル基(例えば、メトキシカルボニル、エトキシカルボニル、ヘキシルオキシカルボニル基などのアルコキシ部分の炭素数が1〜6程度、特に1〜4程度のアルコキシカルボニル基など)、置換又は無置換カルバモイル基、置換又は無置換アミノ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アルキル基(例えば、C1-4アルキル基など)、アルケニル基(例えば、C2-4アルケニル基など)、アルキニル基(例えば、C2-4アルキニル基など)、シクロアルキル基、シクロアルケニル基、アリール基(例えば、フェニル、ナフチル基など)、アラルキル基、複素環基などが置換していてもよい。
【0048】
式(2)で表されるエーテル類の中でも、特に好ましい化合物には、(i)Ra1及びRa2のうち一方が水素原子であり、他方が1−アルケニル基(例えば、ビニル、1−プロペニル、1−ブテニル基などの1−C2-15アルケニル基など)である化合物、(ii)Ra1及びRa2のうち一方が水素原子であり、他方がRbと結合して、隣接する炭素原子及び酸素原子と共に、3〜20員(好ましくは3〜15員、さらに好ましくは4〜10員)程度の非芳香族性複素環(炭素環又は複素環が縮合していてもよい)を形成している化合物(特に、エーテル結合を構成する酸素原子に結合している炭素原子の隣接位に、二重結合又は芳香環を有する化合物)が含まれる。
【0049】
前記式(2a)で表される化合物は、前記式(2)で表される化合物のうち、エーテル結合を構成する酸素原子の両隣接位に炭素−水素結合を有する化合物を示す。式(2a)中、Ra1、Ra2、Ra3及びRa4における炭化水素基、複素環基には、前記式(2)におけるRa1、Ra2、Rbと同様の炭化水素基及び複素環基が含まれる。また、Ra1とRa2、Ra3とRa4とが結合して、隣接する炭素原子と共に形成する環としては、前記式(2)において、Ra1とRa2とが結合して、隣接する炭素原子と共に形成する環と同様の環が例示できる。さらに、Ra1又はRa2とRa3又はRa4Rbとが結合して、隣接する2つの炭素原子及び酸素原子と共に形成する環としては、前記式(2)において、Ra1又はRa2とRbとが結合して、隣接する炭素原子及び酸素原子と共に形成する環と同様の環が挙げられる。
【0050】
本発明において反応成分として用いるエーテル類のうち、好ましい化合物として、例えば、ジメチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル、ジプロピルエーテル、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル、ジイソブチルエーテル、ジペンチルエーテル、ジイソペンチルエーテル、ジヘキシルエーテル、ジヘプチルエーテル、1−クロロ−2−エトキシエタン、ビス(2−クロロエチル)エーテル、2−エトキシエタノール、2,2′−オキシジエタノール、3,3′−オキシジプロピオン酸などの、置換基を有していてもよいジC1-15アルキルエーテル(好ましくは、ジC1-10アルキルエーテル);ジアリルエーテルなどの、置換基を有していてもよいジC2-15アルケニルエーテル(好ましくは、ジC2-10アルケニルエーテル);エチルメチルエーテル、2−メトキシプロパン、メチルブチルエーテル、2−メトキシブタン、2−メトキシペンタン、1−エトキシプロパン、2−エトキシプロパン、1−エトキシブタン、2−エトキシブタン、1−エトキシペンタン、2−エトキシペンタン、2−メトキシエタノールなどの、置換基を有していてもよい非対称C1-15アルキルC1-15アルキルエーテル(好ましくは、非対称C1-10アルキルC1-10アルケニルエーテル);ビニルアリルエーテルなどの、置換基を有していてもよい非対称C2-15アルケニルC2-15アルケニルエーテル(好ましくは、非対称C2-10アルケニルC2-10アルケニルエーテル);メチルビニルエーテル、メチルアリルエーテル、エチルアリルエーテル、エトキシエチレン、3−エトキシプロピレンなどの、置換基を有していてもよいC1-15アルキルC2-15アルケニルエーテル(好ましくは、C1-10アルキルC2-10アルケニルエーテル);シクロプロピルエチルエーテル、シクロプロピルプロピルエーテル、シクロプロピルブチルエーテル、シクロブチルエチルエーテル、シクロブチルプロピルエーテル、シクロブチルブチルエーテル、シクロペンチルエチルエーテル、シクロペンチルプロピルエーテル、シクロペンチルブチルエーテル、シクロヘキシルエチルエーテル、シクロヘキシルプロピルエーテル、シクロヘキシルブチルエーテルなどの、置換基を有していてもよいC1-15アルキルC3-15シクロアルキルエーテル(好ましくは、C1-10アルキルC3-10シクロアルキルエーテル);アリルシクロヘキシルエーテルなどの、置換基を有していてもよいC2-15アルケニルC3-15シクロアルキルエーテル(好ましくは、C2-10アルケニルC3-10シクロアルキルエーテル);メチルフェニルエーテル(アニソール)、エチルフェニルエーテル(フェネトール)、プロピルフェニルエーテル、アネトール、ナフチルメチルエーテル、ナフチルエチルエーテル、トリルエチルエーテル、2−メトキシフェノール、オイゲノールなどの、置換基を有していてもよいC1-15アルキルアリールエーテル(好ましくは、C1-10アルキルアリールエーテル);ベンジルメチルエーテル、ベンジルエチルエーテル、ベンジルプロピルエーテルなどの、置換基を有していてもよいC1-15アルキルアラルキルエーテル(好ましくは、C1-10アルキルアラルキルエーテル);アリルフェニルエーテルなどの、置換基を有していてもよいC2-15アルケニルアリールエーテル(好ましくは、C2-10アルケニルアリールエーテル);アリルベンジルエーテルなどの、置換基を有していてもよいC2-15アルケニルアラルキルエーテル(好ましくは、C2-10アルケニルアラルキルエーテル);1,2−ジメトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、3,6−ジオキシオクタン、p−ジメトキシベンゼン、p−ジエトキシベンゼン、1,1′−(エチレンジオキシ)ジベンゼン、4,4′−(エチレンジオキシ)二安息香酸などの、置換基を有していてもよいエーテル結合を複数有する鎖状ポリエーテル;オキシラン、オキセタン、プロピレンオキサイド、2,5−ジヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン、1,3,5,7−テトラオキソカン、ジオキサン、クマラン、イソクマラン(フタラン)、フタリド、クロマン、クロメン、イソクロマン、イソクロメン、キサンテン、ベンズオキサジン、3,6,8−トリオキサビシクロ[3.2.2]ノナン、クラウンエーテル、1−オキサスピロ[4.5]デカン、テトラヒドロピラン−2−スピロシクロヘキサンなどの、置換基を有していてもよい環状エーテルなどが例示できる。
【0051】
これらのエーテル類を本発明の酸化方法により酸化すると、温和な条件であっても、エーテル結合の酸素原子に隣接する炭素部位が酸化されて、対応する酸化物を効率よく生成させることができる。例えば、前記式(2)で表されるエーテル類を酸化すると、対応する式(3)で表されるアセタール化合物、及び/又は対応する式(4)で表されるカルボニル化合物(アルデヒド又はケトン)が生成する。特に、エーテル類として、式(2a)で表される化合物を酸化すると、前記カルボニル化合物として、式(4a)で表される2分子のカルボニル化合物(アルデヒド又はケトン)、又は、式(2a)で表される化合物が環状エーテルの場合には、ジカルボニル化合物(ジアルデヒド又はジケトン)が生成する。
【0052】
また、反応条件を選択することにより、鎖状エーテルからは、対応するエステル、カルボン酸、酸無水物を、環状エーテルからは、環の員数に対応するラクトン(β−プロピオラクトン、γ−ブチロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン、ε−カプロラクトンなど)や環状酸無水物(無水コハク酸、無水グルタル酸など)を生成させることもできる。
【0053】
[酸化反応]
エーテル類の酸化に利用される一酸化窒素は、純粋な一酸化窒素を用いてもよく、窒素、ヘリウム、アルゴン、二酸化炭素などの不活性ガスで希釈した一酸化窒素を使用してもよい。また、反応系内で発生させた一酸化窒素を用いることもできる。
【0054】
一酸化窒素の使用量は、通常、基質であるエーテル類1モルに対して、0.5モル以上(例えば、1モル以上)、好ましくは1〜100モル、さらに好ましくは2〜50モル程度である。基質に対して過剰モルの一酸化窒素を使用する場合が多い。
【0055】
反応は、通常、反応に不活性な有機溶媒中で行なわれる。有機溶媒としては、例えば、酢酸、プロピオン酸などの有機酸;アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ベンゾニトリルなどのニトリル類;ホルムアミド、アセトアミド、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、ジメチルアセトアミドなどのアミド類;ヘキサン、オクタンなどの脂肪族炭化水素;ベンゼン、トルエンなどの芳香族炭化水素;クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン、ジクロロエタン、四塩化炭素、クロロベンゼンなどのハロゲン化炭化水素;ニトロベンゼン、ニトロメタン、ニトロエタンなどのニトロ化合物;酢酸エチル、酢酸ブチルなどのエステル類;又はこれらの混合溶媒などが挙げられる。なお、過剰量の基質を用いることにより、基質を反応溶媒として利用してもよい。溶媒としては、酢酸などの有機酸、アセトニトリルなどのニトリル類を用いる場合が多い。
【0056】
本発明の方法は、比較的温和な条件であっても円滑に酸化反応が進行するという特色がある。反応温度は、基質の種類などに応じて適当に選択でき、例えば、0〜300℃、好ましくは10〜250℃、さらに好ましくは20〜200℃程度であり、通常、30〜150℃程度で反応する場合が多い。また、反応は、常圧または加圧下で行うことができ、加圧下で反応させる場合には、通常、1〜100atm(例えば、1.5〜80atm)、好ましくは2〜70atm、さらに好ましくは5〜50atm程度である場合が多い。反応時間は、反応温度及び圧力に応じて、例えば30分〜48時間、好ましくは1〜36時間、さらに好ましくは2〜24時間程度の範囲から適当に選択できる。
【0057】
反応は、前記触媒の存在下、基質と一酸化窒素とを接触させればよく、一酸化窒素の存在下又は一酸化窒素の流通下、回分式、半回分式、連続式などの慣用の方法により行うことができる。反応終了後、反応生成物は、慣用の方法、例えば、濾過、濃縮、蒸留、抽出、晶析、再結晶、カラムクロマトグラフィーなどの分離手段や、これらを組み合わせた分離手段により、容易に分離精製できる。
【0058】
[加溶媒分解反応]
前記式(3)で表されるアセタール化合物を、前記式(5)で表される化合物(水又はヒドロキシ化合物)と反応させることにより、加溶媒分解反応(アセタール交換反応)が進行し、前記式(6)、又は(7)及び(8)で表される化合物を得ることができる。
【0059】
式(5)中、Rcにおける炭化水素基、複素環基としては、前記Ra1において例示した炭化水素基、複素環基と同様のものが挙げられる。式(5)で表される化合物として、例えば、水;メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、ヘキサノール、アリルアルコール、エチレングリコールなどの脂肪族アルコール(好ましくはC1-15脂肪族アルコール、さらに好ましくはC1-10脂肪族アルコール、特にC1-4脂肪族アルコール);シクロペンチルアルコール、シクロヘキシルアルコールなどの脂環式アルコール(好ましくはC3-15脂環式アルコール、さらに好ましくはC3-10脂環式アルコール);ベンジルアルコール、2−フェニルエチルアルコールなどの芳香族アルコール(好ましくはC7-15芳香族アルコール);フェノール、クレゾールなどのフェノール類;フルフリルアルコール、2−ヒドロキシピリジンなどのヒドロキシル基含有複素環化合物などが挙げられる。
【0060】
式(5)で表される化合物の使用量は、式(3)で表されるアセタール化合物1モルに対して、例えば0.5モル以上(0.5〜1000モル程度)、好ましくは1モル以上(1〜500モル程度)である。式(5)で表される化合物を溶媒として用いることが多い。反応に用いる溶媒として、前記式(5)で表される化合物のほか、前記酸化反応において例示した溶媒などが挙げられる。この反応では、反応速度を高めるため、系内に、酸を添加してもよい。前記酸としては、塩化水素、塩酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸などの無機酸;酢酸、メタンスルホン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸などの有機酸が挙げられる。酸として、陽イオン交換樹脂を使用することもできる。
【0061】
反応温度は、例えば、0〜200℃、好ましくは0〜150℃、さらに好ましくは10〜100℃程度である。反応は、回分式、半回分式、連続式などの慣用の方法により行うことができる。
【0062】
反応終了後、反応生成物は、慣用の方法、例えば、濾過、濃縮、蒸留、抽出、晶析、再結晶、カラムクロマトグラフィーなどの分離手段や、これらを組み合わせた分離手段により、容易に分離精製できる。
前記式(6)又は式(7)で表されるアセタール化合物は、加水分解に付すことにより、前記式(9)若しくは式(10)で表されるヘミアセタール化合物、又は式(4)で表されるカルボニル化合物に変換できる。また、式(7)及び式(8)で表される化合物を加水分解に付すと、式(4)及び式(8)で表される化合物が生成する。特に、Ra1又はRa2とRbとが結合している場合には、分子内にヒドロキシル基を有するカルボニル化合物(ヒドロキシケトンまたはヒドロキシアルデヒド)を得ることができる。加水分解は、慣用の方法、例えば、触媒の存在下又は不存在下、0〜100℃程度の温度で、前記アセタール化合物を水と反応させることにより行うことができる。触媒としては、シリカゲルや酸(例えば、塩酸、硫酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸、陽イオン交換樹脂など)などを使用できる。
【0063】
【発明の効果】
本発明の酸化方法では、エーテル類を簡易に且つ効率よく酸化でき、アセタール化合物やカルボニル化合物などを生成させることができる。
本発明の製造法によれば、温和な条件下、エーテル類から対応するアセタール化合物やカルボニル化合物を収率よく製造できる。
【0064】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例に基づいて本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例により何ら限定されるものではない。
【0065】
実施例1
イソクロマン10ミリモル、N−ヒドロキシフタルイミド1ミリモル、アセトニトリル5mlの混合物を、一酸化窒素雰囲気下(1気圧)、60℃で7時間攪拌した。反応液中の生成物をカラムクロマトグラフィーにより単離したところ、イソクロマノールが2分子縮合した化合物である1,1′−オキシジイソクロマンが得られた(収率74%)。
次いで、前記1,1′−オキシジイソクロマンとエタノール(5ml)との混合液を、室温で30分撹拌した。反応液中の生成物をカラムクロマトグラフィーで単離したところ、1−エトキシイソクロマンが得られた(イソクロマン基準の収率68%)。
【0066】
実施例2
フタラン(イソクマラン)10ミリモル、N−ヒドロキシフタルイミド1ミリモル、アセトニトリル5mlの混合物を、一酸化窒素雰囲気下(1気圧)、60℃で6時間攪拌した。反応液中の生成物をガスクロマトグラフィーで分析したところ、フタランの転化率90%で、フタルアルデヒド(収率80%)、及びフタリド(1−フタラノン)(収率7%)が生成していた。
【0067】
実施例3
フタランに代えて、2,5−ジヒドロフランを10ミリモル用いた以外は実施例2と同様の操作を行ったところ、2,5−ジヒドロフランの転化率77%で、ブテンジアール(収率70%)、及び2,5−ジヒドロ−2−フラノン(収率4%)が生成していた。
【0068】
実施例4
ベンジルメチルエーテル1ミリモル、N−ヒドロキシフタルイミド0.1ミリモル、アセトニトリル5mlの混合物を、一酸化窒素雰囲気下(1気圧)、60℃で5時間攪拌した。反応液中の生成物をガスクロマトグラフィーで分析したところ、ベンジルメチルエーテルの転化率78%で、ベンズアルデヒド(収率52%)、及び安息香酸メチル(収率20%)が生成していた。
【0069】
実施例5
ベンジルエチルエーテル1ミリモル、N−ヒドロキシフタルイミド0.1ミリモル、アセトニトリル5mlの混合物を、一酸化窒素雰囲気下(1気圧)、60℃で5時間攪拌した。反応液中の生成物をガスクロマトグラフィーで分析したところ、ベンジルエチルエーテルの転化率82%で、ベンズアルデヒド(収率57%)、及び安息香酸エチル(収率18%)が生成していた。
【0070】
実施例6
フタラン(イソクマラン)1ミリモル、N−ヒドロキシフタルイミド0.1ミリモル、アセトニトリル5mlの混合物を、一酸化窒素雰囲気下(1気圧)、60℃で2時間攪拌した。アセトニトリルを留去させた後、エタノール(5ml)を加え、室温で30分撹拌した。反応液中の生成物をカラムクロマトグラフィーで単離したところ、o−ヒドロキシメチルベンズアルデヒドが得られた(収率60%、フタラン転化率80%)。
なお、一酸化窒素雰囲気下での反応時間を2時間から4時間に延長して同様の操作を行ったところ、フタルアルデヒドが主生成物として得られ、o−ヒドロキシメチルベンズアルデヒドは得られなかった。
【0071】
実施例7
フタラン(イソクマラン)1ミリモル、N−ヒドロキシフタルイミド0.1ミリモル、アセトニトリル5mlの混合物を、一酸化窒素雰囲気下(1気圧)、60℃で5時間攪拌した。反応液中の生成物をガスクロマトグラフィーで分析したところ、フタランの転化率99%で、フタルアルデヒド(収率90%)が生成していた。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an oxidation method useful for producing a corresponding oxide (acetal compound, carbonyl compound, etc.) from ethers, and a method for producing an acetal compound or a carbonyl compound.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Carbonyl compounds are important compounds as pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, fragrances, dyes, organic synthetic intermediates and the like. The acetal compound is important as a protector for the carbonyl group of the carbonyl compound.
As a method for obtaining a carbonyl compound from ethers, a method using peroxide, lead tetraacetate, copper nitrate or the like as an oxidizing agent is known. However, in these methods, it is necessary to use a large amount of highly dangerous reagents and metal compounds, which is disadvantageous in terms of handleability and economy.
In Tetrahedoron Lett., 1997, 7075, when adamantane and nitric oxide are reacted with N-hydroxyphthalimide as in the present invention as a catalyst, the liter reaction proceeds and the corresponding amides are produced. Has been reported. However, the reaction between ethers and nitric oxide is not described.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method which can easily and efficiently oxidize ethers and is useful for producing acetal compounds, carbonyl compounds and the like.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of producing a corresponding acetal compound or carbonyl compound from ethers in a high yield under mild conditions.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive investigations to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that when ethers are reacted with nitric oxide in the presence of a specific catalyst, the corresponding oxide is produced in good yield. Completed the invention.
[0005]
That is, the present invention provides the following formula (1):
[Chemical 1]
(Wherein R1And R2Are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or an acyl group, and R1And R2May bond to each other to form a double bond, or an aromatic or non-aromatic ring. X represents an oxygen atom or a hydroxyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 to 3)
In the presence of an oxidation catalyst composed of an imide compound represented byFollowing formula (2)
[Chemical formula 2]
(Wherein R a1 And R a2 Are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, and R b Represents a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group. R a1 And R a2 , R a1 Or R a2 And R b And each may be bonded to each other to form a ring with adjacent carbon atoms or with adjacent carbon atoms and oxygen atoms)
Is reacted with nitrogen monoxide and the following formula (3):
[Chemical Formula 3]
(Wherein R a1 , R a2 , R b Is the same as above)
Or an acetal compound represented by the following formula (4)
[Formula 4]
(Wherein R a1 , R a2 Is the same as above)
A method for producing an acetal compound or a carbonyl compound that produces a carbonyl compound represented by the formulaI will provide a.
[0007]
Furthermore, in the present invention, the ether represented by the formula (2) is reacted with nitric oxide in the presence of an oxidation catalyst composed of the imide compound represented by the formula (1), and the formula The acetal compound represented by (3) is produced, and then the acetal compound is represented by the following formula (5)
Rc-OH (5)
(Wherein RcRepresents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group)
The following formula (6) or (7) and (8)
[Chemical 8]
(Wherein Ra1, Ra2, Rb, RcIs the same as above)
The manufacturing method of the acetal compound which produces | generates the compound represented by these is provided.
Moreover, this invention is represented by the compound represented by said Formula (6) produced | generated by the manufacturing method of said acetal compound, the compound represented by Formula (7), or Formula (7) and Formula (8). The compound is subjected to hydrolysis to give the following formulas (9), (10), (4), or (4) and (8)
[Chemical 9]
(Wherein Ra1, Ra2, Rb, RcIs the same as above)
The manufacturing method of the acetal compound or carbonyl compound which obtains the compound represented by these is provided.
[0008]
Furthermore, the present invention provides the following formula (2a) in the presence of an oxidation catalyst composed of an imide compound represented by the formula (1).
Embedded image
(Wherein Ra1, Ra2, Ra3And Ra4Are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group. Ra1And Ra2, Ra3And Ra4, Ra1Or Ra2And Ra3Or Ra4RbEach may be bonded to each other to form a ring with adjacent carbon atoms, or with two adjacent carbon atoms and oxygen atoms)
Is reacted with nitric oxide to form the following formula (4a):
Embedded image
(Wherein Ra1, Ra2, Ra3, Ra4Is the same as above)
The manufacturing method of the carbonyl compound which produces | generates the carbonyl compound represented by these is provided.
[0009]
In the present specification, the term “acetal compound” is used to include a ketal (ketone acetal) compound and a hemiacetal compound.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[Imide compound]
In the imide compound represented by the formula (1), the substituent R1And R2Among them, the halogen atom includes iodine, bromine, chlorine and fluorine. Examples of the alkyl group include C such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl and decyl groups.1-10To the extent of linear or branched alkyl groups. Preferred alkyl groups include, for example, C1-6Degree, especially C1-4A degree of alkyl group.
[0011]
Aryl groups include phenyl groups, naphthyl groups, and the like, and cycloalkyl groups include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl groups, and the like. Examples of the alkoxy group include C such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, t-butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy groups and the like.1-10Degree, preferably C1-6Degree, especially C1-4A degree of alkoxy group is included.
[0012]
Alkoxycarbonyl groups include, for example, alkoxy moieties such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, pentyloxycarbonyl, hexyloxycarbonyl groups, and the like.1-10To the extent alkoxycarbonyl groups are included. Preferred alkoxycarbonyl groups have an alkoxy moiety as C1-6Degree, especially C1-4To the extent alkoxycarbonyl groups are included.
[0013]
Examples of the acyl group include C such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl, isovaleryl, and pivaloyl groups.1-6A degree of acyl group can be exemplified.
[0014]
The substituent R1And R2May be the same or different. In the formula (1), R1And R2May be bonded to each other to form a double bond or an aromatic or non-aromatic ring. A preferable aromatic or non-aromatic ring is a 5- to 12-membered ring, particularly a 6- to 10-membered ring, and may be a heterocyclic ring or a condensed heterocyclic ring, but is often a hydrocarbon ring. Such a ring includes, for example, a non-aromatic alicyclic ring (a cycloalkene ring which may have a substituent such as a cyclohexane ring and a cycloalkene ring which may have a substituent such as a cyclohexene ring). Ring), non-aromatic bridged ring (such as a bridged hydrocarbon ring which may have a substituent such as 5-norbornene ring), benzene ring, naphthalene ring and the like Also good aromatic rings are included. The ring is often composed of an aromatic ring. The ring may have a substituent such as an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amino group, or a halogen atom.
[0015]
Preferred imide compounds include compounds represented by the following formula.
Embedded image
(Wherein RThree~ R6Are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amino group, or a halogen atom. The bond between the nitrogen atom N and X represents a single bond or a double bond. RThree~ R6In adjacent groups, adjacent groups may be bonded to each other to form an aromatic or non-aromatic ring. R1, R2And n are the same as above)
Substituent RThree~ R6In the above, the alkyl group includes an alkyl group similar to the alkyl group exemplified above, particularly C1-6To the extent of an alkyl group, and the alkoxy group includes an alkoxy group similar to the above, particularly C1-4Alkoxy groups and alkoxycarbonyl groups have the same alkoxycarbonyl groups as those described above, in particular the alkoxy moiety is C1-4To the extent alkoxycarbonyl groups are included. As the acyl group, the same acyl group as described above, particularly C1-6Examples of the acyl group include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom. Substituent RThree~ R6Is usually a hydrogen atom, C1-4It is often an alkyl group, a carboxyl group, a nitro group, or a halogen atom. RThree~ R6As the ring formed by bonding to each other, the above R1And R2Are the same as the ring formed by bonding to each other, and an aromatic or non-aromatic 5- to 12-membered ring is particularly preferable.
[0016]
In the formula (1), X represents an oxygen atom or a hydroxyl group, and the bond between the nitrogen atom N and X is a single bond or a double bond. n is usually about 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2. The compound represented by Formula (1) can be used 1 type, or 2 or more types in an oxidation reaction.
[0017]
Examples of the acid anhydride corresponding to the imide compound represented by the formula (1) include saturated or unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides such as succinic anhydride and maleic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, and hexahydrophthalic anhydride. Saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic cyclic polycarboxylic acid anhydride (fatty acid) such as acid (1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride) and 1,2,3,4-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid 1,2-anhydride Cyclic polyvalent carboxylic acid anhydride), het acid anhydride, hymic anhydride, etc., bridged cyclic polyvalent carboxylic acid anhydride (alicyclic polycarboxylic acid anhydride), phthalic anhydride, tetrabromophthalic anhydride, Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, nitrophthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, methylcyclohexricarboxylic anhydride, pyrrolemet anhydride, melittic anhydride, 1, ; Aromatic polycarboxylic anhydrides such as 4,5-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride are included.
[0018]
Preferred imide compounds include, for example, N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxymaleimide, N-hydroxyhexahydrophthalimide, N, N'-dihydroxycyclohexanetetracarboxylic imide, N-hydroxyphthalimide, N-hydroxytetrabromophthalimide, N-hydroxytetrachlorophthalimide, N-hydroxyhetamic imide, N-hydroxyhymic imide, N-hydroxytrimellitic imide, N, N'-dihydroxypyromellitic acid Examples thereof include imide and N, N′-dihydroxynaphthalenetetracarboxylic imide. Particularly preferred compounds are alicyclic polycarboxylic anhydrides or aromatic polycarboxylic anhydrides, especially N-hydroxyimide compounds derived from aromatic polycarboxylic anhydrides, such as N-hydroxyphthalate. Acid imides and the like are included.
[0019]
The imide compound is prepared by a conventional imidization reaction such as a corresponding acid anhydride and hydroxylamine NH.2It can be prepared by a method of reacting with OH and imidizing via ring opening and ring closing of an acid anhydride group.
[0020]
The amount of the imide compound represented by the formula (1) can be selected within a wide range, for example, 0.001 to 1 mol, preferably 0.001 to 0.5 mol, more preferably, per 1 mol of ethers. Is about 0.01 to 0.30 mol, and is often about 0.01 to 0.25 mol.
[0021]
[Cocatalyst]
In the method of the present invention, the catalyst represented by the formula (1) and a promoter can be used in combination. By using a cocatalyst, the conversion rate and selectivity of the reaction may be improved. Such promoters include, for example, (i) a metal compound, (ii) a polyatomic cation or polyatomic anion containing a group 15 or 16 element of the periodic table to which at least one organic group is bonded, a counter ion, Organic salts composed of
[0022]
It does not specifically limit as a metal element which comprises a metal compound (i), Any of the metal elements of 1-15 group of a periodic table may be sufficient. In this specification, boron B is also included in the metal element. For example, as the metal element, a periodic table group 1 element (Li, Na, K, etc.), a group 2 element (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, etc.), a group 3 element (Sc, lanthanoid element, actinoid element, etc.), 4 Group elements (Ti, Zr, Hf, etc.), Group 5 elements (V, etc.), Group 6 elements (Cr, Mo, W, etc.), Group 7 elements (Mn, etc.), Group 8 elements (Fe, Ru, etc.), 9 Group elements (Co, Rh, etc.), Group 10 elements (Ni, Pd, Pt, etc.), Group 11 elements (Cu, etc.), Group 12 elements (Zn, etc.), Group 13 elements (B, Al, In, etc.), 14 Group elements (Sn, Pb, etc.), Group 15 elements (Sb, Bi, etc.), etc. are mentioned. Preferred metal elements include transition metal elements (periodic group 3-12 elements). Especially, the periodic table 5-11 group element is preferable. The valence of the metal element is not particularly limited and may be about 1 to 6 valence, but is often about 2 or 3 valence.
[0023]
Examples of the metal compound (i) include simple substances, hydroxides, oxides (including complex oxides), halides (fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides), oxo acid salts (for example, nitrates) of the above metal elements. , Sulfates, phosphates, borates, carbonates, etc.), oxo acids, isopolyacids, heteropolyacids, etc .; organic acid salts (eg acetates, propionates, cyanates, naphthenates, Stearates and the like) and organic compounds such as complexes. The ligands constituting the complex include OH (hydroxo), alkoxy (methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, etc.), acyl (acetyl, propionyl, etc.), alkoxycarbonyl (methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, etc.), acetylacetonato , Cyclopentadienyl group, halogen atom (chlorine, bromine, etc.), CO, CN, oxygen atom, H2Phosphorus compounds of O (aquo), phosphines (such as triarylphosphine such as triphenylphosphine), NHThree(Ammin), NO, NO2(Nitro), NOThreeAnd nitrogen-containing compounds such as (nitrato), ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, pyridine, and phenanthroline.
[0024]
Specific examples of the metal compound (i) include, for example, a cobalt compound, an inorganic compound such as cobalt hydroxide, cobalt oxide, cobalt chloride, cobalt bromide, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, and cobalt phosphate; Examples include organic acid salts such as cobalt, cobalt naphthenate, and cobalt stearate; and divalent or trivalent cobalt compounds such as complexes such as cobalt acetylacetonate. Examples of vanadium compounds include inorganic compounds such as vanadium hydroxide, vanadium oxide, vanadium chloride, vanadyl chloride, vanadium sulfate, vanadyl sulfate, sodium vanadate; complexes such as vanadium acetylacetonate and vanadyl acetylacetonate Examples thereof include divalent to pentavalent vanadium compounds. Examples of other metal element compounds include compounds corresponding to the cobalt or vanadium compounds. The metal compound (i) can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0025]
The usage-amount of the said metal compound (i) is 0.0001-0.7 mol with respect to 1 mol of ethers, for example, Preferably it is 0.001-0.5 mol, More preferably, it is 0.002-0. It is about 1 mol and is often about 0.005 to 0.05 mol.
[0026]
In the organic salt (ii), Group 15 elements of the periodic table include N, P, As, Sb, and Bi. Periodic table group 16 elements include O, S, Se, Te and the like. Preferable elements include N, P, As, Sb, and S, and N, P, and S are particularly preferable.
[0027]
The organic group bonded to the atom of the element includes a hydrocarbon group and a substituted oxy group which may have a substituent. Examples of the hydrocarbon group include about 1 to 30 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, and allyl ( A linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group (preferably about 1 to 20 carbon atoms) (alkyl group, alkenyl group and alkynyl group); alicyclic carbon group having about 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl Hydrogen groups; aromatic hydrocarbon groups having about 6 to 14 carbon atoms such as phenyl and naphthyl. Examples of the substituent that the hydrocarbon group may have include, for example, a halogen atom, an oxo group, a hydroxyl group, a substituted oxy group (for example, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an acyloxy group, etc.), a carboxyl group, and a substituted oxycarbonyl group. Substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group, cyano group, nitro group, substituted or unsubstituted amino group, alkyl group (for example, C such as methyl, ethyl group, etc.1-4An alkyl group), a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group (eg, phenyl, naphthyl group, etc.), a heterocyclic group, and the like. Preferred hydrocarbon groups include an alkyl group having about 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having about 6 to 14 carbon atoms (particularly, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group). The substituted oxy group includes an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, and the like.
[0028]
The polyatomic cation is represented, for example, by the following formula (7). This polyatomic cation, together with the counter anion, constitutes an organic onium salt represented by the following formula (8).
[Rd mA]+ (7)
[Rd mA]+Y- (8)
In the above formula, RdRepresents a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen atom. 4 RdMay be the same or different from each other, and at least one RdIs a hydrocarbon group. A represents an atom of a group 15 or group 16 element of the periodic table. 2 RdMay be bonded to each other to form a ring with adjacent A, and two RdTogether form a double bond with A and other RdMay be combined with A to form a ring. m represents 3 or 4. Y-Represents a counter anion, and Y represents an acid group. In addition, the said hydrocarbon group may have the said substituent, for example.
[0029]
2 RdExamples of the ring formed together with A adjacent to each other include nitrogen-containing (or phosphorus-containing) heterocycles of about 3 to 8 members (preferably 5 to 6 members) such as pyrrolidine rings and piperidine rings. . Two RdTogether form a double bond with A and other RdExamples of the ring formed by binding with A include 5- to 8-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as a pyridine ring. These rings may be condensed with a ring such as a benzene ring. Examples of such condensed rings include quinoline rings. When A is an atom of a group 15 element of the periodic table, m is often 4. When A is an atom of a group 16 element of the periodic table, m is often 3.
[0030]
The A is preferably N, P, As, Sb, or S, more preferably N, P, or S, and particularly preferably N or P. Also, in the preferred polyatomic cation, 4 RdAre all organic groups (including the case where a ring containing A is formed).
[0031]
Examples of the acid group Y include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom and iodine atom; nitrate group (NOThree), Sulfate group (SOFour), Phosphate group (POFour), Perchloric acid group (ClO)Four) And other inorganic acid groups; acetate groups (CHThreeCO2), Organic acid groups such as methanesulfonic acid group and benzenesulfonic acid group. Preferred acid groups include halogen atoms and inorganic acid groups, and particularly halogen atoms such as chlorine atoms and bromine atoms are preferred.
[0032]
Among the organic onium salts, organic ammonium salts, organic phosphonium salts, organic sulfonium salts, and the like are particularly preferable. Specific examples of the organic ammonium salt include tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrahexylammonium chloride, trioctylmethylammonium chloride, triethylphenylammonium chloride, tributyl (hexadecyl) ammonium chloride, di (octadecyl) Quaternary ammonium salts in which four hydrocarbon groups are bonded to the nitrogen atom, such as quaternary ammonium chloride such as dimethylammonium chloride and the corresponding quaternary ammonium bromide; dimethylpiperidinium chloride, hexadecylpyridinium chloride, And cyclic quaternary ammonium salts such as methylquinolinium chloride.
[0033]
Specific examples of organic phosphonium salts include quaternary phosphonium chlorides such as tetramethylphosphonium chloride, tetrabutylphosphonium chloride, tributyl (hexadecyl) phosphonium chloride, triethylphenylphosphonium chloride, and the corresponding quaternary phosphonium bromide. And quaternary phosphonium salts in which four hydrocarbon groups are bonded to a phosphorus atom. Specific examples of the organic sulfonium salt include a sulfonium salt in which three hydrocarbon groups are bonded to a sulfur atom, such as triethylsulfonium iodide and ethyldiphenylsulfonium iodide.
[0034]
The polyatomic anion is represented, for example, by the following formula (9). This polyatomic anion together with the counter cation constitutes an organic salt represented by the following formula (10).
[ReAOThree]q- (9)
Zq +[ReAOThree]q- (Ten)
In the above formula, ReRepresents a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen atom. A represents an atom of a group 15 or group 16 element of the periodic table. q represents 1 or 2, and Zq +Indicates a counter cation.
[0035]
ReIn addition to the same groups as described above, the hydrocarbon group represented by (1) includes a resin (polymer chain or a branched chain thereof). Preferred A includes S, P and the like. When A is S or the like, q is 1, and when A is P or the like, q is 2. Examples of Z include alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; alkaline earth metals such as magnesium and calcium. Preferred Z includes an alkali metal. Zq +May be the aforementioned polyatomic cation.
[0036]
Examples of the organic salt represented by the formula (10) include alkyl sulfonates such as methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, octanesulfonate, dodecanesulfonate; benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonic acid. Aryl sulfonates that may be substituted with alkyl groups such as salts, naphthalene sulfonates, decyl benzene sulfonates, dodecyl benzene sulfonates; sulfonic acid type ion exchange resins (ion exchangers); phosphonic acid type ions Exchange resin (ion exchanger) etc. are mentioned. Above all, C6-18Alkyl sulfonate, C6-18Alkyl-aryl sulfonates are often used.
[0037]
The amount of the organic salt (ii) used is, for example, 0.0001 to 0.7 mol, preferably 0.001 to 0.5 mol, more preferably 0.002 to 0.1 mol, per 1 mol of ethers. In many cases, it is about 0.005 to 0.05 mol. If the amount of the organic salt (ii) used is too large, the reaction rate may decrease.
[0038]
In the present invention, other catalyst components may be used in combination.
[0039]
The imide compound represented by the formula (1) or the catalyst composed of the imide compound and the cocatalyst may be a homogeneous system or a heterogeneous system. The catalyst may be a solid catalyst having a catalyst component supported on a carrier. As the carrier, porous carriers such as activated carbon, zeolite, silica, silica-alumina and bentonite are often used. The supported amount of the catalyst component in the solid catalyst is 0, 1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0, 5 to 30 parts by weight, and more preferably about 1 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carrier.
[0040]
[Ethers]
Ethers used as a reaction component may be any of chain ethers such as aliphatic ethers, alicyclic ethers, aromatic ethers, and heterocyclic ethers; and cyclic ethers. In the cyclic ether, an aromatic or non-aromatic ring may be condensed with a ring containing an ether bond. Further, the ethers may have a plurality of ether bonds in the molecule.
[0041]
In the present inventionEthersIsAnd represented by the formula (2)TheWhere Ra1, Ra2, RbThe hydrocarbon group in includes an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include 1 to 15 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 10) such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl and decyl groups. Alkyl group of about; alkenyl group of about 2 to 15 (preferably 2 to 10) carbon atoms such as vinyl and 2-propenyl group; about 2 to 15 (preferably 2 to 10) of carbon atoms such as ethynyl and propynyl group An alkynyl group etc. are mentioned.
[0042]
Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include cycloalkyl groups or cycloalkenyl groups having about 3 to 15 (preferably 3 to 10) carbon atoms such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, and cyclohexenyl groups. It is done. The non-aromatic carbocyclic ring constituting the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be condensed with a benzene ring, a carbocyclic ring such as a cyclohexane ring, or a heterocyclic ring such as a pyridine ring.
[0043]
Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include phenyl and naphthyl groups. The aromatic ring constituting the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be condensed with a carbon ring such as a cyclohexane ring or a heterocyclic ring such as a pyridine ring.
[0044]
Ra1, Ra2, RbExamples of the heterocyclic ring corresponding to the heterocyclic group in the above are nitrogen such as furan, oxazole, isoxazole, thiophene, thiazole, isothiazole, thiadiazole, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine ring, etc. And a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle having about 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen and sulfur atoms. This heterocyclic ring may be condensed with a benzene ring, a carbon ring such as a cyclohexane ring, or a heterocyclic ring such as a pyridine ring.
Ra1And Ra2One of them is often a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, particularly a hydrogen atom.
[0045]
Ra1And Ra2And a ring formed together with the adjacent carbon atom includes a 3-15 membered (preferably 3-10 membered) carbocycle such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, cyclohexenyl ring, etc. Etc. are included. This carbocyclic ring may be condensed with a benzene ring, a carbocyclic ring such as a cyclohexane ring, or a heterocyclic ring such as a pyridine ring.
[0046]
Ra1Or Ra2And RbAnd oxirane, oxetane, 2,5-dihydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, 3,6-dihydropyran, tetrahydropyran, dihydrooxepin, tetrahydrooxane and the ring formed together with the adjacent carbon atom and oxygen atom. Sepin, oxepane, dihydrooxocin, tetrahydrooxocin, oxocan, 1,3,5,7-tetraoxocan, dihydrooxonine, dioxane, dihydrodioxin, dihydrooxathiin, tetrahydrooxathiin, dihydrooxazine, perhydrooxazine Non-aromatic heterocycles of about 3 to 20 members (preferably 3 to 15 members, more preferably 4 to 10 members) containing at least one oxygen atom, such as a ring, are mentioned. This ring includes a benzene ring, a carbocyclic ring such as a cyclohexane ring (for example, an aromatic or non-aromatic carbocyclic ring having about 3 to 15 members), and a heterocyclic ring such as a pyridine ring (for example, about 3 to 15 members. An aromatic or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring) may be condensed. Examples of the condensed ring in which such a carbocycle or heterocycle is condensed include, for example, coumaran, isocoumaran (phthalane), chromane, chromene, isochromane, isochromene, xanthene, benzoxazine, 3,6,8-trioxabicyclo [3.2. .2] Nonane ring and the like can be exemplified. Ra1Or Ra2And RbAre combined to form a ring with the adjacent carbon atom and oxygen atom, the ether represented by the formula (2) constitutes a cyclic ether.
[0047]
The hydrocarbon group, heterocyclic group, Ra1And Ra2A ring formed by bonding together with adjacent carbon atoms, Ra1Or Ra2And RbAnd a ring formed by combining with adjacent carbon atom and oxygen atom include various substituents such as halogen atom (iodine, bromine, chlorine and fluorine atom), oxo group, hydroxyl group, mercapto group, hydroxyalkyl Groups (e.g. hydroxyC such as hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, etc.)1-4Alkyl groups, etc.), substituted oxy groups [for example, alkoxy groups (methoxy groups such as C1-4Alkoxy groups), aryloxy groups, acyloxy groups (acetoxy, benzoyloxy groups, etc.)2-10Acyloxy group) etc.], substituted thio group, carboxyl group, substituted oxycarbonyl group (for example, alkoxy groups such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, hexyloxycarbonyl group etc. having about 1 to 6 carbon atoms, especially about 1 to 4 alkoxy groups) Carbonyl group, etc.), substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl group, substituted or unsubstituted amino group, cyano group, nitro group, alkyl group (for example, C1-4Alkyl group), alkenyl group (for example, C2-4Alkenyl group), alkynyl group (for example, C2-4An alkynyl group), a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an aryl group (eg, phenyl, naphthyl group, etc.), an aralkyl group, a heterocyclic group and the like may be substituted.
[0048]
Among the ethers represented by the formula (2), particularly preferred compounds include (i) Ra1And Ra2One is a hydrogen atom and the other is a 1-alkenyl group (for example, 1-C such as vinyl, 1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, etc.2-15An alkenyl group), (ii) Ra1And Ra2One is a hydrogen atom and the other is RbAnd a non-aromatic heterocycle of about 3 to 20 members (preferably 3 to 15 members, more preferably 4 to 10 members) together with adjacent carbon atoms and oxygen atoms (a carbocycle or a heterocycle is condensed) (In particular, a compound having a double bond or an aromatic ring adjacent to a carbon atom bonded to an oxygen atom constituting an ether bond).
[0049]
The compound represented by the formula (2a) is a compound having a carbon-hydrogen bond at both adjacent positions of the oxygen atom constituting the ether bond among the compounds represented by the formula (2). In formula (2a), Ra1, Ra2, Ra3And Ra4In the hydrocarbon group and heterocyclic group in, R in the above formula (2)a1, Ra2, RbThe same hydrocarbon group and heterocyclic group are included. Ra1And Ra2, Ra3And Ra4As a ring formed by bonding together with adjacent carbon atoms, in the formula (2), Ra1And Ra2And a ring similar to the ring formed together with the adjacent carbon atom. In addition, Ra1Or Ra2And Ra3Or Ra4RbAs a ring formed by combining with two adjacent carbon atoms and oxygen atoms, in the formula (2), Ra1Or Ra2And RbAnd a ring similar to the ring formed together with the adjacent carbon atom and oxygen atom.
[0050]
Of the ethers used as reaction components in the present invention, preferred compounds include, for example, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, diisobutyl ether, dipentyl ether, diisopentyl ether, dihexyl ether, diheptyl ether. 1-chloro-2-ethoxyethane, bis (2-chloroethyl) ether, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2,2′-oxydiethanol, 3,3′-oxydipropionic acid, etc. Moi di C1-15Alkyl ethers (preferably di-C1-10Alkyl ether); di-C which may have a substituent such as diallyl ether2-15Alkenyl ethers (preferably di-C2-10Alkenyl ether); ethyl methyl ether, 2-methoxypropane, methylbutyl ether, 2-methoxybutane, 2-methoxypentane, 1-ethoxypropane, 2-ethoxypropane, 1-ethoxybutane, 2-ethoxybutane, 1-ethoxypentane , 2-ethoxypentane, 2-methoxyethanol and the like, which may have a substituent1-15Alkyl C1-15Alkyl ethers (preferably asymmetric C1-10Alkyl C1-10Alkenyl ether); asymmetrical C which may have a substituent, such as vinyl allyl ether2-15Alkenyl C2-15Alkenyl ethers (preferably asymmetric C2-10Alkenyl C2-10Alkenyl ether); C which may have a substituent such as methyl vinyl ether, methyl allyl ether, ethyl allyl ether, ethoxyethylene, 3-ethoxypropylene, etc.1-15Alkyl C2-15Alkenyl ethers (preferably C1-10Alkyl C2-10Alkenyl ether); cyclopropyl ethyl ether, cyclopropyl propyl ether, cyclopropyl butyl ether, cyclobutyl ethyl ether, cyclobutyl propyl ether, cyclobutyl butyl ether, cyclopentyl ethyl ether, cyclopentyl propyl ether, cyclopentyl butyl ether, cyclohexyl ethyl ether, cyclohexyl propyl ether , C, which may have a substituent, such as cyclohexyl butyl ether1-15Alkyl C3-15Cycloalkyl ether (preferably C1-10Alkyl C3-10Cycloalkyl ether); C which may have a substituent, such as allyl cyclohexyl ether2-15Alkenyl C3-15Cycloalkyl ether (preferably C2-10Alkenyl C3-10Cycloalkyl ether); methyl phenyl ether (anisole), ethyl phenyl ether (phenetol), propyl phenyl ether, anethole, naphthyl methyl ether, naphthyl ethyl ether, tolyl ethyl ether, 2-methoxyphenol, eugenol, etc. C you may have1-15Alkylaryl ethers (preferably C1-10Alkylaryl ether); optionally substituted C, such as benzyl methyl ether, benzyl ethyl ether, benzyl propyl ether1-15Alkyl aralkyl ethers (preferably C1-10Alkyl aralkyl ether); C which may have a substituent, such as allyl phenyl ether2-15Alkenyl aryl ethers (preferably C2-10An alkenyl aryl ether); an optionally substituted C, such as allyl benzyl ether2-15Alkenyl aralkyl ether (preferably C2-10Alkenyl aralkyl ether); 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 3,6-dioxyoctane, p-dimethoxybenzene, p-diethoxybenzene, 1,1 '-(ethylenedioxy) dibenzene, 4,4' A chain polyether having a plurality of ether bonds optionally having substituents, such as-(ethylenedioxy) dibenzoic acid; oxirane, oxetane, propylene oxide, 2,5-dihydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl Tetrahydrofuran, 1,3,5,7-tetraoxocane, dioxane, coumaran, isocoumaran (phthalane), phthalide, chromane, chromene, isochroman, isochromene, xanthene, benzoxazine, 3,6,8-trioxabicyclo [3. 2.2] Nonane Crown ethers, 1-oxaspiro [4.5] decane, such as tetrahydropyran-2-spirocyclohexane, and good cyclic ether which may have a substituent group can be exemplified.
[0051]
When these ethers are oxidized by the oxidation method of the present invention, even under mild conditions, the carbon site adjacent to the oxygen atom of the ether bond is oxidized, and the corresponding oxide can be efficiently generated. For example, when the ether represented by the formula (2) is oxidized, the corresponding acetal compound represented by the formula (3) and / or the corresponding carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) represented by the formula (4) Produces. In particular, when the compound represented by the formula (2a) is oxidized as an ether, the two carbonyl compounds (aldehyde or ketone) represented by the formula (4a) or the formula (2a) as the carbonyl compound When the represented compound is a cyclic ether, a dicarbonyl compound (dialdehyde or diketone) is formed.
[0052]
Further, by selecting reaction conditions, from a chain ether, the corresponding ester, carboxylic acid, and acid anhydride can be selected, and from a cyclic ether, a lactone (β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, corresponding to the number of members of the ring. , Δ-valerolactone, ε-caprolactone, etc.) and cyclic acid anhydrides (succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, etc.) can also be produced.
[0053]
[Oxidation reaction]
Nitric oxide used for the oxidation of ethers may be pure nitric oxide, or nitric oxide diluted with an inert gas such as nitrogen, helium, argon or carbon dioxide. Nitric oxide generated in the reaction system can also be used.
[0054]
The amount of nitric oxide used is usually 0.5 mol or more (for example, 1 mol or more), preferably 1 to 100 mol, more preferably about 2 to 50 mol, relative to 1 mol of the ether as the substrate. is there. Often an excess molar amount of nitric oxide is used relative to the substrate.
[0055]
The reaction is usually performed in an organic solvent inert to the reaction. Examples of the organic solvent include organic acids such as acetic acid and propionic acid; nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile and benzonitrile; amides such as formamide, acetamide, dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylacetamide; hexane, octane and the like Aliphatic hydrocarbons; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorobenzene; nitro compounds such as nitrobenzene, nitromethane, and nitroethane; ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and the like Or mixed solvents thereof. In addition, you may utilize a substrate as a reaction solvent by using an excess amount of a substrate. As the solvent, organic acids such as acetic acid and nitriles such as acetonitrile are often used.
[0056]
The method of the present invention is characterized in that the oxidation reaction proceeds smoothly even under relatively mild conditions. The reaction temperature can be appropriately selected according to the type of the substrate, and is, for example, 0 to 300 ° C, preferably 10 to 250 ° C, more preferably about 20 to 200 ° C, and the reaction is usually performed at about 30 to 150 ° C. There are many cases to do. The reaction can be carried out under normal pressure or under pressure. When the reaction is carried out under pressure, the reaction is usually 1 to 100 atm (for example, 1.5 to 80 atm), preferably 2 to 70 atm, more preferably 5 It is often about 50 atm. The reaction time can be appropriately selected from the range of, for example, 30 minutes to 48 hours, preferably 1 to 36 hours, more preferably 2 to 24 hours, depending on the reaction temperature and pressure.
[0057]
The reaction may be carried out by contacting the substrate with nitric oxide in the presence of the catalyst, and using conventional methods such as batch, semi-batch, continuous, etc. in the presence of nitric oxide or in the flow of nitric oxide. Can be performed. After completion of the reaction, the reaction product is easily separated and purified by a conventional method such as filtration, concentration, distillation, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, column chromatography, or a combination of these. it can.
[0058]
[Solvolysis]
By reacting the acetal compound represented by the formula (3) with the compound (water or hydroxy compound) represented by the formula (5), a solvolysis reaction (acetal exchange reaction) proceeds, and the formula The compound represented by (6) or (7) and (8) can be obtained.
[0059]
In formula (5), RcExamples of the hydrocarbon group and heterocyclic group ina1And the same hydrocarbon groups and heterocyclic groups as those exemplified in the above. Examples of the compound represented by the formula (5) include water; aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, hexanol, allyl alcohol, and ethylene glycol (preferably C1-15Aliphatic alcohols, more preferably C1-10Fatty alcohols, especially C1-4Aliphatic alcohols); alicyclic alcohols such as cyclopentyl alcohol and cyclohexyl alcohol (preferably C3-15Alicyclic alcohols, more preferably C3-10Alicyclic alcohol); aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol and 2-phenylethyl alcohol (preferably C7-15Aromatic alcohol); phenols such as phenol and cresol; and hydroxyl group-containing heterocyclic compounds such as furfuryl alcohol and 2-hydroxypyridine.
[0060]
The amount of the compound represented by the formula (5) is, for example, 0.5 mol or more (about 0.5 to 1000 mol), preferably 1 mol, with respect to 1 mol of the acetal compound represented by the formula (3). This is the above (about 1 to 500 moles). The compound represented by formula (5) is often used as a solvent. Examples of the solvent used in the reaction include the compounds exemplified in the oxidation reaction in addition to the compound represented by the formula (5). In this reaction, an acid may be added to the system in order to increase the reaction rate. Examples of the acid include inorganic acids such as hydrogen chloride, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid; and organic acids such as acetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid. A cation exchange resin can also be used as the acid.
[0061]
The reaction temperature is, for example, about 0 to 200 ° C, preferably 0 to 150 ° C, more preferably about 10 to 100 ° C. The reaction can be performed by a conventional method such as a batch system, a semi-batch system, or a continuous system.
[0062]
After completion of the reaction, the reaction product is easily separated and purified by a conventional method such as filtration, concentration, distillation, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, column chromatography, or a combination of these. it can.
The acetal compound represented by the formula (6) or the formula (7) is subjected to hydrolysis to give the hemiacetal compound represented by the formula (9) or the formula (10) or the formula (4). Can be converted to a carbonyl compound. Moreover, when the compounds represented by the formulas (7) and (8) are subjected to hydrolysis, the compounds represented by the formulas (4) and (8) are generated. In particular, Ra1Or Ra2And RbCan bind to each other, a carbonyl compound (hydroxyketone or hydroxyaldehyde) having a hydroxyl group in the molecule can be obtained. Hydrolysis can be performed by a conventional method, for example, by reacting the acetal compound with water at a temperature of about 0 to 100 ° C. in the presence or absence of a catalyst. As the catalyst, silica gel, acid (for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, cation exchange resin, etc.) can be used.
[0063]
【The invention's effect】
In the oxidation method of the present invention, ethers can be oxidized easily and efficiently, and acetal compounds, carbonyl compounds and the like can be produced.
According to the production method of the present invention, a corresponding acetal compound or carbonyl compound can be produced from ethers in a high yield under mild conditions.
[0064]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0065]
Example 1
A mixture of 10 mmol of isochroman, 1 mmol of N-hydroxyphthalimide and 5 ml of acetonitrile was stirred at 60 ° C. for 7 hours under a nitrogen monoxide atmosphere (1 atm). When the product in the reaction solution was isolated by column chromatography, 1,1′-oxydiisochroman, a compound in which two molecules of isochromanol were condensed, was obtained (yield 74%).
Next, the mixture of 1,1′-oxydiisochroman and ethanol (5 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. When the product in the reaction solution was isolated by column chromatography, 1-ethoxyisochroman was obtained (68% yield based on isochroman).
[0066]
Example 2
A mixture of 10 mmol of phthalane (isocoumaran), 1 mmol of N-hydroxyphthalimide and 5 ml of acetonitrile was stirred at 60 ° C. for 6 hours under a nitrogen monoxide atmosphere (1 atm). When the product in the reaction solution was analyzed by gas chromatography, phthalaldehyde conversion was 90% and phthalaldehyde (yield 80%) and phthalide (1-phthalanone) (yield 7%) were produced. .
[0067]
Example 3
The same operation as in Example 2 was carried out except that 10 mmol of 2,5-dihydrofuran was used instead of phthalane. The conversion of 2,5-dihydrofuran was 77% and butenedial (yield 70%) , And 2,5-dihydro-2-furanone (yield 4%).
[0068]
Example 4
A mixture of 1 mmol of benzyl methyl ether, 0.1 mmol of N-hydroxyphthalimide and 5 ml of acetonitrile was stirred at 60 ° C. for 5 hours in a nitrogen monoxide atmosphere (1 atm). When the product in the reaction solution was analyzed by gas chromatography, benzaldehyde (yield 52%) and methyl benzoate (yield 20%) were produced at a conversion rate of benzyl methyl ether of 78%.
[0069]
Example 5
A mixture of 1 mmol of benzyl ethyl ether, 0.1 mmol of N-hydroxyphthalimide and 5 ml of acetonitrile was stirred at 60 ° C. for 5 hours under a nitrogen monoxide atmosphere (1 atm). When the product in the reaction solution was analyzed by gas chromatography, the conversion of benzyl ethyl ether was 82%, and benzaldehyde (57% yield) and ethyl benzoate (yield 18%) were produced.
[0070]
Example 6
A mixture of 1 mmol of phthalane (isocoumaran), 0.1 mmol of N-hydroxyphthalimide and 5 ml of acetonitrile was stirred at 60 ° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen monoxide atmosphere (1 atm). Acetonitrile was distilled off, ethanol (5 ml) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. When the product in the reaction solution was isolated by column chromatography, o-hydroxymethylbenzaldehyde was obtained (yield 60%, phthalane conversion 80%).
In addition, when the same operation was performed by extending the reaction time in a nitric oxide atmosphere from 2 hours to 4 hours, phthalaldehyde was obtained as a main product, and o-hydroxymethylbenzaldehyde was not obtained.
[0071]
Example 7
A mixture of 1 mmol of phthalane (isocoumaran), 0.1 mmol of N-hydroxyphthalimide and 5 ml of acetonitrile was stirred at 60 ° C. for 5 hours in a nitrogen monoxide atmosphere (1 atm). When the product in the reaction solution was analyzed by gas chromatography, the conversion of phthalane was 99% and phthalaldehyde (yield 90%) was produced.
Claims (4)
で表されるイミド化合物で構成された酸化触媒の存在下、下記式(2)
で表されるエーテル類と一酸化窒素とを反応させて、下記式(3)
で表されるアセタール化合物、又は下記式(4)
で表されるカルボニル化合物を生成させる、アセタール化合物又はカルボニル化合物の製造法。 Following formula (1)
In the presence of an oxidation catalyst composed of an imide compound represented by the following formula (2)
The in represented by ethers and nitrogen monoxide by reacting the following formula (3)
Or an acetal compound represented by the following formula (4)
A method for producing an acetal compound or a carbonyl compound, wherein a carbonyl compound represented by the formula:
で表されるイミド化合物で構成された酸化触媒の存在下、下記式(2)
で表されるエーテル類と、一酸化窒素とを反応させて、下記式(3)
で表されるアセタール化合物を生成させ、次いで、該アセタール化合物を、下記式(5)
Rc−OH (5)
(式中、Rcは、水素原子、炭化水素基又は複素環基を示す)
で表される化合物と反応させて、下記式(6)、又は(7)及び(8)
で表される化合物を生成させるアセタール化合物の製造法。Following formula (1)
In the presence of an oxidation catalyst composed of an imide compound represented by the following formula (2)
Is reacted with nitric oxide to form the following formula (3):
An acetal compound represented by the following formula (5) is produced:
R c —OH (5)
(Wherein R c represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group)
The following formula (6) or (7) and (8)
The manufacturing method of the acetal compound which produces | generates the compound represented by these.
で表される化合物を得るアセタール化合物又はカルボニル化合物の製造法。The compound represented by formula (6), the compound represented by formula (7), or the compound represented by formula (7) and formula (8) produced by the method according to claim 2 is subjected to hydrolysis. The following formulas (9), (10), (4), or (4) and (8)
The manufacturing method of the acetal compound or carbonyl compound which obtains the compound represented by these.
で表されるイミド化合物で構成された酸化触媒の存在下、下記式(2a)
で表されるエーテル類と、一酸化窒素とを反応させて、下記式(4a)
で表されるカルボニル化合物を生成させるカルボニル化合物の製造法。Following formula (1)
In the presence of an oxidation catalyst composed of an imide compound represented by formula (2a)
Is reacted with nitric oxide to form the following formula (4a):
The manufacturing method of the carbonyl compound which produces | generates the carbonyl compound represented by these.
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| JP09999698A JP4097316B2 (en) | 1998-03-04 | 1998-03-26 | Method for oxidizing ethers and method for producing acetal compounds or carbonyl compounds |
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