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JP4100177B2 - Garbage disposal method and garbage disposal apparatus - Google Patents
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JP4100177B2 - Garbage disposal method and garbage disposal apparatus - Google Patents

Garbage disposal method and garbage disposal apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4100177B2
JP4100177B2 JP2003011668A JP2003011668A JP4100177B2 JP 4100177 B2 JP4100177 B2 JP 4100177B2 JP 2003011668 A JP2003011668 A JP 2003011668A JP 2003011668 A JP2003011668 A JP 2003011668A JP 4100177 B2 JP4100177 B2 JP 4100177B2
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Prior art keywords
garbage
rice bran
treatment
tank
treatment tank
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JP2004223337A (en
Inventor
啓介 吉川
悦郎 藤野
潤 斎藤
康 二畠
紳一郎 矢野
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Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
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Matsushita Electric Works Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生ごみ処理方法および生ごみ処理装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、有機物及び水分を含んだ生ごみを加熱するとともに攪拌することにより環境に影響を与えない程度に分解処理する生ごみ処理装置が提供されている。この種の生ごみ処理装置では、処理槽からの排気に生ごみが分解される際に発生するガス成分が含まれているので、処理槽からの排気をヒータにより高温に加熱した後、触媒と接触させて脱臭する脱臭装置が設けられている。また、この種の生ごみ処理装置では、脱臭装置により暖められた空気を処理槽に接触させた熱交換器へ供給して処理槽内の生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを適宜加熱できるようになっており、処理槽の内壁面の温度が180℃程度まで上昇することもある。また、この種の生ごみ処理装置では、処理槽からの排気に含まれている塵埃を除去するためのフィルタも設けられている。
【0003】
ところで、上述の生ごみ処理装置では、生ごみ処理材として杉を小片化した木材チップを用いるものが提供されているが、入手しやすさ、コストの安さ、肥料への転用のしやすさなどから生ごみ処理材として米ぬかを採用することが提案されている。なお、生ごみ処理材については各所で研究されており、米ぬかを主成分としたもの(例えば、特許文献1参照)や、コーヒー粕に米ぬかと木材チップとの混合物などを添加したもの(例えば、特許文献2参照)なども提案されている。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開2002−59135号公報(第2頁−第3頁、図1)
【特許文献2】
特開2002−136947号公報(第5頁)
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、生ごみ処理材として上述の木材チップを採用した場合、木材チップは含水率が高いので、処理槽が高温になると木材チップが処理槽にこびりついてしまうという不具合があった。また、生ごみ処理材として米ぬかのみを採用した場合、米ぬかに含まれる油脂分が飛散し、処理槽の内壁面やフィルタなどに付着して目詰まりなどの原因になるという不具合があった。そこで、本願発明者らは米ぬかの脂肪分を取り除く処理を施した脱脂米ぬかを生ごみ処理材として採用することについて検討したが、脱脂米ぬかが飛散し運転を開始して短期間(3日間ほど)でフィルタが目詰まりを起こしてしまうという問題があった。また、生ごみ処理材として米ぬかと木材チップとを混ぜて乾燥させたものを用いることも考えられるが、生ごみ処理材のコストが高くなったり、米ぬかのみの場合に比べて取り扱いが面倒になるとともに入手しずらくなることが考えられる。
【0006】
また、上記特許文献1、2において提案されている生ごみ処理材は米ぬか以外に複数の材料を混ぜているので、生ごみ処理材のコストが高くなったり、米ぬかのみの場合に比べて取り扱いが面倒になるとともに入手しずらくなることが考えられる。
【0007】
本発明は上記事由に鑑みて為されたものであり、その目的は、生ごみ処理材が処理槽の内壁面にこびりついたりフィルタが目詰まりするのを低コスト化が容易で且つ入手が容易な生ごみ処理材で防止することができる生ごみ処理方法及び生ごみ処理装置を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の発明は、上記目的を達成するために、生ごみを処理するための生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを投入する処理槽と、処理槽内に設けられ生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを攪拌する攪拌手段と、処理槽内の生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを加熱する加熱手段と、処理槽からの排気に含まれる塵埃を除去するフィルタとを備え、生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを攪拌しながら生ごみを処理する生ごみ処理装置における生ごみ処理方法であって、生ごみ処理装置の運転の立ち上げの際に非脱脂米ぬかと脱脂米ぬかとが混合した混合ぬかよりなる生ごみ処理材を処理槽へ初期投入した後で、処理槽へ生ごみを投入することを特徴とし、生ごみ処理材が処理槽の内壁面にこびりついたりフィルタが目詰まりするのを低コスト化が容易で且つ入手が容易な生ごみ処理材で防止することができる。
【0009】
請求項2の発明は、請求項1の発明において、前記生ごみ処理材として脂肪分が5〜15%の混合ぬかを用いることを特徴とし、望ましい実施態様である。
【0010】
請求項3の発明は、生ごみを処理するための生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを投入する処理槽と、処理槽内に設けられ生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを攪拌する攪拌手段と、処理槽内の生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを加熱する加熱手段と、処理槽からの排気に含まれる塵埃を除去するフィルタとを備え、生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを攪拌しながら生ごみを処理する生ごみ処理装置であって、運転の立ち上げの際に処理槽へ初期投入する生ごみ処理材として非脱脂米ぬかと脱脂米ぬかとを混合した混合ぬかを用いることを特徴とするものであり、低コスト化が容易で且つ入手が容易な生ごみ処理材を用いながらも、生ごみ処理材が処理槽の内壁面にこびりついたりフィルタが目詰まりするのを防止することができる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本実施形態における生ごみ処理装置の概略構成について図1〜図3を参照しながら説明する。なお、図示していないが、生ごみ処理装置は、戸外に設置されるハウジングを備え、ハウジングの上面に生ごみ及び生ごみ処理材を投入するための投入口が開口し、投入口が投入扉により開閉自在に覆われている。
【0012】
ハウジングの内部には、図1及び図2に示すように上面が開口した金属製の処理槽2が収納されている。処理槽2は、生ごみ及び生ごみ処理材が投入される槽であって、処理槽2には、生ごみ処理材が生ごみ処理装置の運転の立ち上げの際に生ごみの投入に先だって初期投入される。ここにおいて、生ごみ処理材は、後から処理槽2へ投入される生ごみを処理するために処理槽2へ初期投入されるものであって、基本的には後で投入される生ごみをかき混ぜやすくすることで加熱による生ごみの処理(生ごみの水分の処理)を促進するものであり、立ち上げの際に初期投入する以外は追加したり交換したりする必要がない。したがって、本実施形態における生ごみ処理装置では、生ごみ処理材を追加したり交換したりする手間を省くことができるとともにランニングコストを低減できる。なお、本実施形態の生ごみ処理装置における生ごみの処理としては、生ごみの水分の処理だけでなく生ごみの発酵処理も行われる。また、処理槽2内の内容物が規定量を越えた場合には適宜取り出せばよい。
【0013】
処理槽2の両側板2b,2b間には撹拌軸3が回動自在に支承され、撹拌軸3には処理槽2の内部でそれぞれ回動する複数の撹拌羽根3aが設けられている。撹拌軸3は処理槽2の外部に設けた動力源としてのモータ4から回転力を受けて回動し、処理槽2に投入された生ごみ及び生ごみ処理材を撹拌羽根3aによって撹拌する。このように、生ごみ及び生ごみ処理材を撹拌することにより処理槽2の内容物を曝気する。撹拌軸3の回転方向はモータ4の回転方向によって正逆に切り換えられる。なお、本実施形態では、攪拌軸3、攪拌羽根3aが処理槽2内に設けられ生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを攪拌する攪拌手段を構成している。
【0014】
処理槽2において生ごみの処理を行うと、二酸化炭素、メタン、水などに加えて酢酸や窒素化合物や硫黄化合物のような不快臭を伴うガスが発生する。このような分解ガスおよび水蒸気を処理槽2から排出するために、処理槽2の上部側方にフィルタを備えたフィルタボックス7が設けられており、処理槽2で発生した分解ガス及び水蒸気はフィルタボックス7のフィルタを通して処理槽2から排出される。ここに、フィルタは処理槽2から塵埃が排出されないように設けられている。
【0015】
フィルタボックス7からの排気は、処理槽2の上側に設けられた熱交換器24及び酸化触媒型の脱臭器8を通して処理槽2の下側に設けられた後述の熱交換器9aに導入される。熱交換器24には後述の熱交換器9bからの排気が通る直線状の流路を形成するための流路管24aと、フィルタからの排気が通る蛇行状の流路(以下、第2の流路と称す)を形成するための複数の仕切板24bとが内部に設けられており、第1の流路の出口側には排気ファン11が接続され、排気ファン11により吸引された排気は消音器18を通して排気筒19から上記ハウジングの外部に排出される。
【0016】
脱臭器8は、熱交換器24の上記第2の流路を通して導入された排気を200〜400℃に加熱するヒータと、高温に加熱された排気に接触して分解ガスの不快臭成分の酸化を促進することによって脱臭する白金触媒のような触媒とを内部に備えている。
【0017】
ところで、処理槽2の中の生ごみを加熱するために、本実施形態では処理槽2の下部に上述の熱交換器9a,9bを密接させ、脱臭器8から排出された高温の排気を熱交換器9a,9bに導入することによって、熱交換器9a,9bを通過する熱気と処理槽2の内容物との間で熱交換を行っている。なお、熱交換器9a,9bは、攪拌軸3の長手方向に沿って並設されている。
【0018】
熱交換器9a,9bは、図3に示すように処理槽2の下部外周面に沿った断面J字状に形成された中空箱状の本体部19a,19bと、本体部19a,19bの内部空間に蛇行した流路を形成する仕切板20a,20bとを備える。また、熱交換器9bの排気を熱交換器24に導入するための導入管16c(図2参照)及び熱交換器24の流路管24aからの排気を排気ファン11に排出するための排出管16dが設けられ、導入管16cと排出管16dとの間に蛇行した流路が形成されるのである。本体部19a,19bは、処理槽2との接触面が処理槽2の底部の形状に沿う形状に形成されており、本体部19a,19bの接触面と処理槽2の裏面とが面接触するから、熱交換の効率が高くなる。なお、本実施形態では、熱交換器9a,9bが処理槽2の内部の生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを加熱する加熱手段を構成している。
【0019】
上述のように、処理槽2からの排気経路には、フィルタ、熱交換器24の上記第2の流路、脱臭器8が設けられ、脱臭器8の排気経路には、熱交換器9a、熱交換器9b、熱交換器24の流路管24aが設けられ、流路管24aの排気側に排気ファン11が設けられている。したがって、排気ファン11を作動させることにより、処理槽2からの排気が図3(a)中に矢印で示すように処理槽2、フィルタボックス7、熱交換器24を通して脱臭器8へ導入され、脱臭器8からの排気が図3(b)中に矢印で示すように熱交換器9a、熱交換器9b、フィルタ、熱交換器24の流路管24aを通して排気ファン11に吸入され、さらに消音器18を通してハウジングの外部に排気される。なお、図1〜図3では、熱交換器9aの排出管21aと熱交換器9bの導入管21bとの間、フィルタボックス7と熱交換器24の第2の流路側との間、熱交換器9bの排気管16bと熱交換器24の第2の流路側の導入管16cとの間、熱交換器24の第1の流路側の排出管16dと排気ファン11の導入管16eとの間、熱交換器24の第2の流路側の排出管16fと脱臭器8の導入管16gとの間をそれぞれ接続するダクトは図示を省略している。
【0020】
なお、上記ハウジング内には、熱交換器24に当接した形で吸気筒29が配置され、排気ファン11を作動させ上述のように処理槽2の排気を行うと、上記ハウジングの下部に設けた外気取入口から吸気筒29を通して処理槽2の内部に外気が取り込まれるようになっている。つまり、処理槽2の内容物に新鮮な空気を供給することができ、生ごみの発酵分解に寄与する微生物の活性を高めることができる。また、上記ハウジング内には、脱臭器8に内蔵したヒータの発熱量とモータ4の回転を制御する制御装置12(図2参照)が設けられている。
【0021】
以下、本実施形態の生ごみ処理装置における生ごみ処理方法において特徴となる点について説明する。
【0022】
本実施形態では、上述の生ごみ処理材として、脱脂処理を行っていない米ぬか(以下、非脱脂米ぬかと称す)と脱脂処理を行った米ぬか(以下、脱脂米ぬかと称す)とを混合した混合米ぬかを用いており、生ごみ処理装置の運転の立ち上げの際に非脱脂米ぬかと脱脂米ぬかとが混合した混合ぬかよりなる生ごみ処理材を処理槽2へ初期投入した後で、処理槽2へ生ごみを投入する。なお、混合米ぬかの使用量は、1kgの生ごみに対して4Lを目安としており、例えば、1日当たりの生ごみの処理量を15kgに設定する場合には60Lの混合米ぬかを処理槽2へ初期投入し、1日当たりの生ごみの処理量を30kgに設定する場合には120Lの混合米ぬかを処理槽2へ初期投入し、1日当たりの生ごみの処理量を50kgに設定する場合には200Lの混合米ぬかを処理槽2へ初期投入し、1日当たりの生ごみの処理量を100kgに設定する場合には400Lの混合米ぬかを処理槽2へ初期投入するので、処理槽2の容量を1日当たりの生ごみの処理量に応じて適宜設計することは勿論である。
【0023】
ところで、本願発明者らは、生ごみ処理材が処理槽2の内壁面にこびりついたりフィルタが目詰まりするの低コスト化が容易で入手が容易な生ごみ処理材で防止するという課題の解決策を抽出するにあたって、混合米ぬか(混合米糠)、非脱脂米ぬか(米糠)、脱脂米ぬか(脱脂米糠)、木材チップなどの種々の生ごみ処理材について鋭意研究を行ったところ、下記表1に示す結果が得られ、混合米ぬかを生ごみ処理材として用いた場合のみ、「生ごみ処理材のこびりつき」、「生ごみ処理材の飛散防止」、「脂分のこびりつき防止」の3つの項目を全て満足できることが分かり、これら各生ごみ処理材の食品成分を分析評価することにより初期投入する生ごみ処理材の脂肪分および水分が処理槽2の内壁面への生ごみ処理材のこびりつきやフィルタの目詰まりに影響するという知見を得た。
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 0004100177
【0025】
そこで、本願発明者らは、低コストで且つ入手が容易な米ぬかに着目し、非脱脂米ぬかと脱脂米ぬかとの比率を調整することで脂肪分を種々変化させた複数種類の混合米ぬかおよび水分調整を行うことで水分を種々変化させた複数種類の混合米ぬかそれぞれを生ごみ処理材として処理槽2へ初期投入した場合それぞれについて生ごみ処理を行わせ、混合米ぬかの脂肪分および水分が処理槽2およびフィルタに与える影響や生ごみ処理装置における生ごみの減量率に与える影響などについて調査を行った。その結果、生ごみ処理材が処理槽2の内壁面にこびりついたりフィルタが目詰まりするのを防止するには、混合米ぬかの脂肪分を5〜15%の範囲内で設定することが望ましく、混合米ぬかと生ごみを投入したときの内容物の水分を25%以下に設定することが望ましいという知見を得た。
【0026】
一実施例として、業者Aから入手した混合米ぬか(混合米糠)であって下記表2の右から2列目のような成分比を有する混合米ぬかを生ごみ処理材として初期投入してから生ごみ処理の運転を開始した場合、運転開始から1週間経過しても生ごみ処理材が激しく飛散したりすることはなく、フィルタが詰まったりすることがなかった。また、処理槽2への生ごみ処理材のこびりつきや、処理槽2の内壁面への脂分の付着などは見られなかった。
【0027】
【表2】
Figure 0004100177
【0028】
表2中の数値はパーセントであり、表2には、左から順に、「日本食品成分表に記載された米ぬかの成分」、「業者Aから入手した非脱脂米ぬかの成分の分析結果」、「業者Aから入手した脱脂米ぬかの成分の分析結果」、「日本食品成分表より推定した混合米ぬかの成分」、「業者Aから入手した混合米ぬかの成分の分析結果」、「業者Bから入手した混合米ぬかの成分の分析結果」を記載してある。ここに、各混合米ぬかは、米ぬかと脱脂米ぬかとを1対1の容量比(30L:30L)で混合したものである。表2から、入手先によらず、日本食品成分表より推定した成分の混合米ぬかを入手できるものと考えることができる。ただし、水分の割合については保存状態によって多少異なってくると考えられるので、表2に示した成分を乾重量換算した数値を表3〜表7に示す。ここに、表3には日本食品成分表に記載された米ぬか(非脱脂米ぬか)の成分と、この成分を乾重量換算した数値とを記載してあり、表4には業者Aから入手した米ぬか(非脱脂米ぬか)の成分と、この成分を乾重量換算した数値とを記載してあり、表5には業者Aから入手した脱脂米ぬかの成分と、この成分を乾重量換算した数値とを記載してあり、表6には日本食品成分表の米ぬかの成分から推定した脱脂米ぬかの成分を乾重量換算した数値を記載してあり、表7には業者Aから入手した混合米ぬかの成分の実測値を乾重量換算した数値と、食品成分表から推測した混合米ぬかの成分を乾重量換算した数値とを記載してある。ここに、表7からも、入手先によらず、日本食品成分表より推定した成分の混合米ぬかを入手できるものと考えることができる。
【0029】
【表3】
Figure 0004100177
【0030】
【表4】
Figure 0004100177
【0031】
【表5】
Figure 0004100177
【0032】
【表6】
Figure 0004100177
【0033】
【表7】
Figure 0004100177
【0034】
上記業者Aから入手した混合米ぬかを初期投入し、7日間連続して一定量の生ごみを投入した場合の生ごみの減量率および生ごみ処理材の重量含水率それぞれの経時変化を図4に示す。なお、図4は、横軸が運転開始からの経過日数、左側の縦軸が生ごみの減量率、右側の縦軸が生ごみ処理材の重量含水率であり、同図中のイが減量率の測定データ、ロが重量含水率の測定データである。
【0035】
図4から分かるように、生ごみ処理材の重量含水率については初期投入時は11.3%であったのがその後5〜6%で安定し、生ごみの減量率については80%以上を維持し問題なく処理していることが分かる。また、図示していないが、上記混合米ぬかを生ごみ処理材として用いることにより、非脱脂米ぬかと杉チップとの混合物を生ごみ処理材として用いる場合や、非脱脂米ぬかのみを生ごみ処理材として用いる場合に比べて脂肪分がより短期間で低下するという結果も得られている。なお、1週間毎の脂肪分の変化で比較すると、非脱脂米ぬかの場合、初期投入時が21.9%、1週間後が13.9%、2週間後が8.3%、3週間後が9.2%であり、混合米ぬかの場合、初期投入時が10.1%、1週間後が5.9%であった。
【0036】
以上の結果から、生ごみ処理装置の運転の立ち上げの際に非脱脂米ぬかと脱脂米ぬかとが混合した混合ぬかよりなる生ごみ処理材を処理槽2へ初期投入した後で、処理槽2へ生ごみを投入するようにすれば、処理槽2の温度上昇に伴って生ごみ処理材が処理槽2の内壁面にこびりついたり、生ごみ処理材が攪拌されたときに飛散してフィルタが目詰まりするのを低コスト化が容易で且つ入手が容易な生ごみ処理材で防止することができることが分かる。
【0037】
【発明の効果】
請求項1の発明は、生ごみを処理するための生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを投入する処理槽と、処理槽内に設けられ生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを攪拌する攪拌手段と、処理槽内の生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを加熱する加熱手段と、処理槽からの排気に含まれる塵埃を除去するフィルタとを備え、生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを攪拌しながら生ごみを処理する生ごみ処理装置における生ごみ処理方法であって、生ごみ処理装置の運転の立ち上げの際に非脱脂米ぬかと脱脂米ぬかとが混合した混合ぬかよりなる生ごみ処理材を処理槽へ初期投入した後で、処理槽へ生ごみを投入するので、生ごみ処理材が処理槽の内壁面にこびりついたりフィルタが目詰まりするのを低コスト化が容易で且つ入手が容易な生ごみ処理材で防止することができるという効果がある。
【0038】
請求項2の発明は、請求項1の発明において、前記生ごみ処理材として脂肪分が5〜15%の混合ぬかを用いることを特徴とし、望ましい実施態様である。
【0039】
請求項3の発明は、生ごみを処理するための生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを投入する処理槽と、処理槽内に設けられ生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを攪拌する攪拌手段と、処理槽内の生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを加熱する加熱手段と、処理槽からの排気に含まれる塵埃を除去するフィルタとを備え、生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを攪拌しながら生ごみを処理する生ごみ処理装置であって、運転の立ち上げの際に処理槽へ初期投入する生ごみ処理材として非脱脂米ぬかと脱脂米ぬかとを混合した混合ぬかを用いるので、低コスト化が容易で且つ入手が容易な生ごみ処理材を用いながらも、生ごみ処理材が処理槽の内壁面にこびりついたりフィルタが目詰まりするのを防止することができるという効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施形態における生ごみ処理機の要部概略斜視図である。
【図2】同上における生ごみ処理機の要部概略斜視図である。
【図3】同上における生ごみ処理機の動作説明図である。
【図4】同上の生ごみ処理装置の運転時の生ごみの減量率および生ごみ処理材の重量含水率の経時変化を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
2 処理槽
3 攪拌軸
3a 攪拌羽根
4 モータ
7 フィルタボックス
8 脱臭器
9a 熱交換器
9b 熱交換器
11 排気ファン
12 制御装置
18 消音器
19 排気筒
24 熱交換器[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a garbage disposal method and a garbage disposal apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, there has been provided a garbage disposal apparatus that decomposes to a degree that does not affect the environment by heating and stirring garbage containing organic matter and moisture. In this kind of garbage processing apparatus, gas components generated when the garbage is decomposed are contained in the exhaust from the treatment tank. Therefore, after the exhaust from the treatment tank is heated to a high temperature by a heater, the catalyst and A deodorizing device for deodorizing by contact is provided. Moreover, in this kind of garbage processing apparatus, the air heated by the deodorizing apparatus can be supplied to a heat exchanger that is in contact with the treatment tank so that the garbage treatment material and the garbage in the treatment tank can be appropriately heated. The temperature of the inner wall surface of the treatment tank may rise to about 180 ° C. Moreover, in this kind of garbage processing apparatus, the filter for removing the dust contained in the exhaust_gas | exhaustion from a processing tank is also provided.
[0003]
By the way, in the above-mentioned garbage processing apparatus, what uses wood chips obtained by chopping cedar as a garbage processing material is provided. However, availability, low cost, ease of diversion to fertilizer, etc. It has been proposed to use rice bran as a food waste treatment material. It should be noted that food waste treatment materials have been studied in various places, and rice bran as a main component (for example, see Patent Document 1), or a mixture of rice bran and wood chips added to a coffee grinder (for example, Patent Document 2) is also proposed.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-59135 (page 2 to page 3, FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2002-136947 A (page 5)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the above-mentioned wood chip is used as a garbage treatment material, the wood chip has a high moisture content, and therefore there is a problem that the wood chip sticks to the treatment tank when the treatment tank becomes hot. In addition, when only rice bran is used as the food waste treatment material, the fat and oil contained in the rice bran scatters and adheres to the inner wall surface of the treatment tank, a filter, and the like, which causes clogging. Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have examined the adoption of defatted rice bran treated to remove the fat content of rice bran as a food waste treatment material, but the defatted rice bran is scattered and started operation for a short period (about 3 days). The problem was that the filter would become clogged. It is also possible to use rice bran and wood chips mixed and dried as a food waste treatment material, but the cost of the food waste treatment material is high, and handling is more troublesome compared to rice bran alone. It may be difficult to get along with.
[0006]
Moreover, since the garbage processing material proposed by the said patent documents 1 and 2 mixes several materials other than rice bran, the cost of garbage processing material becomes high, or handling is compared with the case of only rice bran. It can be troublesome and difficult to obtain.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned reasons, and the object thereof is to easily reduce the cost and easily obtain the garbage processing material stuck to the inner wall surface of the processing tank or clogging the filter. An object of the present invention is to provide a garbage disposal method and a garbage disposal apparatus that can be prevented with a garbage disposal material.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention of claim 1 includes a garbage treatment material for treating garbage and a treatment tank for introducing the garbage, and a garbage treatment material and garbage provided in the treatment tank. Agitating means for stirring, heating means for heating the garbage treatment material and garbage in the treatment tank, and a filter for removing dust contained in the exhaust from the treatment tank, and agitating the garbage treatment material and garbage A garbage disposal method in a garbage disposal device that treats garbage while processing the garbage, and a garbage disposal material comprising mixed rice bran mixed with non-defatted rice bran and defatted rice bran at the start of operation of the garbage disposal device It is easy to reduce the cost of garbage processing material sticking to the inner wall of the processing tank or clogging the filter. Easy-to-use garbage disposal material It is possible to stop.
[0009]
The invention of claim 2 is a desirable embodiment, characterized in that, in the invention of claim 1, a mixed bran having a fat content of 5 to 15% is used as the garbage treatment material.
[0010]
The invention according to claim 3 is a garbage treatment material for treating garbage and a treatment tank into which the garbage is introduced, a stirring means provided in the treatment tank for agitating the garbage treatment material and the garbage, and a treatment tank. The garbage processing material and the heating means for heating the garbage and the filter for removing the dust contained in the exhaust from the treatment tank, and the garbage processing material and the garbage are treated while stirring the garbage. It is a waste treatment device, and it is characterized by using mixed rice bran mixed with non-degreasing rice bran and defatted rice bran as raw garbage treatment material initially put into the treatment tank at the start of operation It is possible to prevent the garbage treatment material from sticking to the inner wall surface of the treatment tank or clogging the filter while using the garbage treatment material that is easy to obtain and easily available.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A schematic configuration of the garbage disposal apparatus in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. Although not shown, the garbage disposal apparatus includes a housing that is installed outdoors, and an inlet for introducing garbage and garbage treatment material is opened on the upper surface of the housing, and the inlet is an entry door. It can be opened and closed freely.
[0012]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a metal processing tank 2 having an open upper surface is accommodated inside the housing. The treatment tank 2 is a tank into which the garbage and the garbage treatment material are charged, and the garbage treatment material is put into the treatment tank 2 prior to the introduction of the garbage when the operation of the garbage treatment apparatus is started. Initially charged. Here, the garbage treatment material is initially put into the treatment tank 2 in order to treat the garbage thrown into the treatment tank 2 later. By making it easy to stir, it promotes the treatment of garbage by heating (treatment of moisture in the garbage), and there is no need to add or replace other than the initial input at the time of start-up. Therefore, in the garbage processing apparatus in the present embodiment, it is possible to save time and labor for adding or exchanging the garbage processing material, and to reduce the running cost. In addition, as a garbage process in the garbage processing apparatus of this embodiment, not only the process of the water | moisture content of a garbage but the fermentation process of a garbage is performed. Moreover, what is necessary is just to take out suitably, when the content in the processing tank 2 exceeds prescribed amount.
[0013]
A stirring shaft 3 is rotatably supported between the side plates 2b, 2b of the processing tank 2, and the stirring shaft 3 is provided with a plurality of stirring blades 3a that rotate inside the processing tank 2, respectively. The agitation shaft 3 is rotated by receiving a rotational force from a motor 4 as a power source provided outside the treatment tank 2 and agitates the garbage and the garbage treatment material put into the treatment tank 2 by the agitation blade 3a. In this manner, the contents of the treatment tank 2 are aerated by stirring the garbage and the garbage treatment material. The rotation direction of the stirring shaft 3 is switched between forward and reverse depending on the rotation direction of the motor 4. In this embodiment, the agitation shaft 3 and the agitation blade 3a are provided in the treatment tank 2 to constitute an agitation means for agitating the garbage treatment material and the garbage.
[0014]
When garbage is treated in the treatment tank 2, in addition to carbon dioxide, methane, water, etc., a gas with an unpleasant odor such as acetic acid, a nitrogen compound, or a sulfur compound is generated. In order to discharge such cracked gas and water vapor from the processing tank 2, a filter box 7 having a filter is provided on the upper side of the processing tank 2, and the cracked gas and water vapor generated in the processing tank 2 are filtered. It is discharged from the processing tank 2 through the filter in the box 7. Here, the filter is provided so that dust is not discharged from the treatment tank 2.
[0015]
Exhaust gas from the filter box 7 is introduced into a heat exchanger 9a (described later) provided on the lower side of the processing tank 2 through the heat exchanger 24 and the oxidation catalyst type deodorizer 8 provided on the upper side of the processing tank 2. . The heat exchanger 24 has a flow path tube 24a for forming a straight flow path through which exhaust gas from the heat exchanger 9b, which will be described later, passes, and a serpentine flow path (hereinafter referred to as a second flow path) through which exhaust gas from the filter passes. A plurality of partition plates 24b for forming a flow path), and an exhaust fan 11 is connected to the outlet side of the first flow path. It is discharged from the exhaust tube 19 through the silencer 18 to the outside of the housing.
[0016]
The deodorizer 8 is in contact with the exhaust heated through the second flow path of the heat exchanger 24 to 200 to 400 ° C. and the exhaust heated to a high temperature to oxidize unpleasant odor components of the cracked gas. And a catalyst such as a platinum catalyst that deodorizes by promoting the catalyst.
[0017]
By the way, in order to heat the garbage in the processing tank 2, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned heat exchangers 9a and 9b are brought into close contact with the lower part of the processing tank 2, and the high-temperature exhaust discharged from the deodorizer 8 is heated. By introducing into the exchangers 9a and 9b, heat exchange is performed between the hot air passing through the heat exchangers 9a and 9b and the contents of the processing tank 2. The heat exchangers 9 a and 9 b are arranged side by side along the longitudinal direction of the stirring shaft 3.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 3, the heat exchangers 9a and 9b include hollow box-shaped main body portions 19a and 19b formed in a J-shaped cross section along the lower outer peripheral surface of the processing tank 2, and the inside of the main body portions 19a and 19b. Partition plates 20a and 20b that form a meandering flow path in the space. Further, an introduction pipe 16c (see FIG. 2) for introducing the exhaust gas of the heat exchanger 9b into the heat exchanger 24 and an exhaust pipe for discharging the exhaust gas from the flow path pipe 24a of the heat exchanger 24 to the exhaust fan 11. 16d is provided, and a meandering flow path is formed between the introduction pipe 16c and the discharge pipe 16d. The main body portions 19a and 19b are formed such that the contact surface with the processing tank 2 is in conformity with the shape of the bottom of the processing tank 2, and the contact surfaces of the main body portions 19a and 19b and the back surface of the processing tank 2 are in surface contact. Therefore, the efficiency of heat exchange is increased. In the present embodiment, the heat exchangers 9a and 9b constitute heating means for heating the garbage processing material and the garbage inside the treatment tank 2.
[0019]
As described above, the exhaust path from the processing tank 2 is provided with the filter, the second flow path of the heat exchanger 24, and the deodorizer 8, and the exhaust path of the deodorizer 8 includes the heat exchanger 9a, The heat exchanger 9b and the flow pipe 24a of the heat exchanger 24 are provided, and the exhaust fan 11 is provided on the exhaust side of the flow pipe 24a. Therefore, by operating the exhaust fan 11, the exhaust from the processing tank 2 is introduced into the deodorizer 8 through the processing tank 2, the filter box 7, and the heat exchanger 24 as indicated by arrows in FIG. Exhaust gas from the deodorizer 8 is sucked into the exhaust fan 11 through the heat exchanger 9a, the heat exchanger 9b, the filter, and the flow pipe 24a of the heat exchanger 24 as indicated by an arrow in FIG. The air is exhausted outside the housing through the vessel 18. 1 to 3, heat exchange is performed between the discharge pipe 21 a of the heat exchanger 9 a and the introduction pipe 21 b of the heat exchanger 9 b, and between the filter box 7 and the second flow path side of the heat exchanger 24. Between the exhaust pipe 16b of the heat exchanger 24 and the introduction pipe 16c on the second flow path side of the heat exchanger 24, and between the discharge pipe 16d on the first flow path side of the heat exchanger 24 and the introduction pipe 16e of the exhaust fan 11 The ducts connecting the discharge pipe 16f on the second flow path side of the heat exchanger 24 and the introduction pipe 16g of the deodorizer 8 are not shown.
[0020]
An intake cylinder 29 is disposed in the housing in contact with the heat exchanger 24. When the exhaust fan 11 is operated and the processing tank 2 is exhausted as described above, the intake cylinder 29 is provided at the lower portion of the housing. Outside air is taken into the processing tank 2 from the outside air inlet through the intake cylinder 29. That is, fresh air can be supplied to the contents of the treatment tank 2, and the activity of microorganisms contributing to the fermentation decomposition of garbage can be enhanced. In addition, a control device 12 (see FIG. 2) that controls the amount of heat generated by the heater built in the deodorizer 8 and the rotation of the motor 4 is provided in the housing.
[0021]
Hereinafter, the characteristic point in the garbage processing method in the garbage processing apparatus of this embodiment is demonstrated.
[0022]
In this embodiment, mixed rice bran obtained by mixing rice bran that has not been defatted (hereinafter referred to as non-defatted rice bran) and rice bran that has been subjected to degreasing treatment (hereinafter referred to as defatted rice bran) as the above-described food waste treatment material. When the operation of the garbage processing apparatus is started, the garbage processing material comprising the mixed rice bran mixed with the non-degreasing rice bran and the defatted rice bran is initially charged into the processing tank 2 and then into the processing tank 2. Dispose of garbage. Note that the amount of mixed rice bran used is 4L as a guide for 1kg of garbage. For example, when the amount of food waste per day is set to 15kg, 60L of mixed rice bran is initially added to the treatment tank 2. In order to set the processing amount of garbage to 30 kg per day, 120 L of mixed rice bran is initially added to the processing tank 2, and in order to set the processing amount of garbage to 50 kg per day, 200 L When the mixed rice bran is initially charged into the treatment tank 2 and the amount of garbage treated per day is set to 100 kg, 400 L of mixed rice bran is initially charged into the treatment tank 2, so the capacity of the treatment tank 2 is Of course, it is designed appropriately according to the amount of garbage processed.
[0023]
By the way, the inventors of the present application have solved the problem of preventing the garbage treatment material from sticking to the inner wall surface of the treatment tank 2 or clogging the filter with a garbage treatment material that is easy to reduce costs and easily available. In the extraction of rice bran (mixed rice bran), non-defatted rice bran (rice bran), defatted rice bran (defatted rice bran), and various food waste treatment materials such as wood chips, the results shown in Table 1 below. Only when mixed rice bran is used as a food waste treatment material, it satisfies all three items: "Sticking of garbage treatment material", "Preventing scattering of garbage treatment material" and "Preventing stickiness of fat" By analyzing and evaluating the food components of each of these garbage treatment materials, the fat content and moisture of the garbage treatment material that is initially introduced can be attached to the inner wall surface of the treatment tank 2 To obtain a finding that affect the clogging of the filter.
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004100177
[0025]
Therefore, the inventors of the present application pay attention to low-cost and easily available rice bran, and by adjusting the ratio of non-defatted rice bran and defatted rice bran, a plurality of types of mixed rice bran and water adjustment with various changes in fat content When each of a plurality of types of mixed rice bran whose moisture has been changed in various ways is initially input to the treatment tank 2 as a garbage treatment material, the garbage treatment is performed for each, and the fat content and moisture of the mixed rice bran are treated in the treatment tank 2. We also investigated the effect on the filter and the effect on the weight loss rate of the garbage in the garbage treatment device. As a result, in order to prevent the garbage treatment material from sticking to the inner wall surface of the treatment tank 2 and clogging the filter, it is desirable to set the fat content of the mixed rice bran within a range of 5 to 15%. It was found that it is desirable to set the water content of the rice bran and garbage to 25% or less.
[0026]
As an example, mixed rice bran (mixed rice bran) obtained from supplier A and mixed rice bran having a component ratio as shown in the second row from the right in Table 2 is initially input as a raw garbage treatment material, and then raw garbage. When the operation of the treatment was started, the garbage treatment material was not scattered violently even after 1 week from the start of the operation, and the filter was not clogged. In addition, there was no sticking of the garbage treatment material to the treatment tank 2 and adhesion of fat to the inner wall surface of the treatment tank 2.
[0027]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004100177
[0028]
The numerical values in Table 2 are percentages. In Table 2, in order from the left, “Analysis results of non-defatted rice bran ingredients obtained from supplier A”, “Analysis results of non-defatted rice bran ingredients obtained from trader A”, “ Analysis results of defatted rice bran ingredients obtained from trader A "," mixed rice bran ingredients estimated from Japanese food ingredient table "," analysis results of mixed rice bran ingredients obtained from trader A "," mixture obtained from trader B " Analysis results of rice bran ingredients ”. Here, each mixed rice bran is obtained by mixing rice bran and defatted rice bran at a one-to-one volume ratio (30L: 30L). From Table 2, it can be considered that the mixed rice bran of the components estimated from the Japanese food composition table can be obtained regardless of the source. However, since it is considered that the moisture ratio varies somewhat depending on the storage state, the numerical values obtained by converting the components shown in Table 2 into dry weight are shown in Tables 3 to 7. Here, Table 3 lists the ingredients of rice bran (non-defatted rice bran) listed in the Japanese food composition table, and numerical values obtained by converting this ingredient into dry weight, and Table 4 shows the rice bran obtained from supplier A. Ingredients of (non-defatted rice bran) and numerical values obtained by converting this component into dry weight are described, and Table 5 describes the components of the defatted rice bran obtained from supplier A and the numerical values obtained by converting this component into dry weight. Table 6 shows the dry weight converted values of the defatted rice bran ingredients estimated from the rice bran ingredients in the Japanese food composition table, and Table 7 shows the actual measurements of the mixed rice bran ingredients obtained from the trader A. A value obtained by converting the value into dry weight and a value obtained by converting into dry weight the mixed rice bran component estimated from the food composition table are described. Here, it can be considered from Table 7 that the mixed rice bran of the components estimated from the Japanese food ingredient table can be obtained regardless of the source.
[0029]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004100177
[0030]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004100177
[0031]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004100177
[0032]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004100177
[0033]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004100177
[0034]
Fig. 4 shows changes over time in the weight loss rate of the garbage and the weight moisture content of the garbage treatment material when the mixed rice bran obtained from the supplier A is initially introduced and a certain amount of garbage is introduced continuously for 7 days. Show. In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis is the number of days that have elapsed since the start of operation, the left vertical axis is the garbage reduction rate, the right vertical axis is the weight moisture content of the garbage treatment material, The measurement data of the rate, and b is the measurement data of the weight moisture content.
[0035]
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the weight moisture content of the garbage treatment material was stable at 5-6% after being 11.3% at the initial charging, and the weight loss rate of the garbage was 80% or more. You can see that it is maintained and processed without problems. Although not shown in the figure, by using the above mixed rice bran as a food waste treatment material, a mixture of non-defatted rice bran and cedar chips is used as a food waste treatment material, or only non-defatted rice bran as a food waste treatment material. The result that fat content falls in a shorter period compared with the case where it uses is also obtained. Compared with changes in fat content every week, in the case of non-defatted rice bran, 21.9% at the initial input, 13.9% after 1 week, 8.3% after 2 weeks, 3 weeks later In the case of mixed rice bran, it was 10.1% at the initial charging and 5.9% after one week.
[0036]
From the above results, the garbage treatment material consisting of the mixed rice bran mixed with the non-defatted rice bran and the defatted rice bran at the start-up of the operation of the garbage treatment device is initially put into the treatment tank 2 and then into the treatment tank 2. If garbage is thrown in, as the temperature of the treatment tank 2 rises, the garbage treatment material will stick to the inner wall surface of the treatment tank 2, or when the garbage treatment material is stirred, the filter will be scattered. It can be seen that clogging can be prevented with a waste disposal material that is easy to reduce costs and easily available.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
The invention of claim 1 is a garbage treatment material for treating garbage and a treatment tank into which the garbage is introduced, a stirring means provided in the treatment tank for agitating the garbage treatment material and the garbage, and a treatment tank. The garbage processing material and the heating means for heating the garbage and the filter for removing the dust contained in the exhaust from the treatment tank, and the garbage processing material and the garbage are treated while stirring the garbage. A garbage disposal method in a garbage disposal apparatus, after initial introduction of a garbage disposal material consisting of mixed rice bran mixed with non-degreasing rice bran and defatted rice bran at the start of operation of the garbage disposal apparatus Therefore, it is easy to reduce the cost and prevent the garbage from being stuck to the inner wall of the treatment tank or clogging the filter with the garbage treatment material. Has the effect of being able to
[0038]
The invention of claim 2 is a desirable embodiment, characterized in that, in the invention of claim 1, a mixed bran having a fat content of 5 to 15% is used as the garbage treatment material.
[0039]
The invention according to claim 3 is a garbage treatment material for treating garbage and a treatment tank into which the garbage is introduced, a stirring means provided in the treatment tank for agitating the garbage treatment material and the garbage, and a treatment tank. The garbage processing material and the heating means for heating the garbage and the filter for removing the dust contained in the exhaust from the treatment tank, and the garbage processing material and the garbage are treated while stirring the garbage. It is a waste treatment device, and it uses a mixed rice bran that is a mixture of non-defatted rice bran and defatted rice bran as the raw garbage treatment material that is initially put into the treatment tank at the time of start-up of the operation. While using an easy garbage treatment material, it is possible to prevent the garbage treatment material from sticking to the inner wall surface of the treatment tank and clogging the filter.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a main part of a garbage disposal machine according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a main part of the garbage disposal machine according to the above.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the garbage disposal machine according to the above.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a change over time in the weight reduction rate of garbage and the weight moisture content of the garbage treatment material during operation of the garbage treatment apparatus same as above.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 treatment tank 3 stirring shaft 3a stirring blade 4 motor 7 filter box 8 deodorizer 9a heat exchanger 9b heat exchanger 11 exhaust fan 12 controller 18 silencer 19 exhaust cylinder 24 heat exchanger

Claims (3)

生ごみを処理するための生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを投入する処理槽と、処理槽内に設けられ生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを攪拌する攪拌手段と、処理槽内の生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを加熱する加熱手段と、処理槽からの排気に含まれる塵埃を除去するフィルタとを備え、生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを攪拌しながら生ごみを処理する生ごみ処理装置における生ごみ処理方法であって、生ごみ処理装置の運転の立ち上げの際に非脱脂米ぬかと脱脂米ぬかとが混合した混合ぬかよりなる生ごみ処理材を処理槽へ初期投入した後で、処理槽へ生ごみを投入することを特徴とする生ごみ処理方法。A garbage treatment material for treating garbage, a treatment tank for introducing the garbage, a stirring means provided in the treatment tank for stirring the garbage treatment material and the garbage, a garbage treatment material in the treatment tank, and Garbage treatment in a garbage disposal device that includes a heating means for heating garbage and a filter that removes dust contained in the exhaust from the treatment tank and that treats garbage while stirring the garbage treatment material and garbage In this method, when the operation of the garbage processing apparatus is started, the garbage processing material comprising the mixed rice bran mixed with the non-degreasing rice bran and the defatted rice bran is initially put into the processing tank, and then the garbage is put into the processing tank. Garbage disposal method characterized by throwing in. 前記生ごみ処理材として脂肪分が5〜15%の混合ぬかを用いることを特徴とする請求項1記載の生ごみ処理方法。The garbage processing method according to claim 1, wherein a mixed bran having a fat content of 5 to 15% is used as the garbage processing material. 生ごみを処理するための生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを投入する処理槽と、処理槽内に設けられ生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを攪拌する攪拌手段と、処理槽内の生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを加熱する加熱手段と、処理槽からの排気に含まれる塵埃を除去するフィルタとを備え、生ごみ処理材及び生ごみを攪拌しながら生ごみを処理する生ごみ処理装置であって、運転の立ち上げの際に処理槽へ初期投入する生ごみ処理材として非脱脂米ぬかと脱脂米ぬかとを混合した混合ぬかを用いることを特徴とする生ごみ処理装置。A garbage treatment material for treating garbage, a treatment tank for introducing the garbage, a stirring means provided in the treatment tank for stirring the garbage treatment material and the garbage, a garbage treatment material in the treatment tank, and A garbage processing apparatus comprising a heating means for heating the garbage and a filter for removing dust contained in the exhaust from the treatment tank, and treating the garbage while stirring the garbage treatment material and the garbage, A garbage processing apparatus characterized by using a mixed bran obtained by mixing non-degreasing rice bran and defatted rice bran as a raw garbage processing material to be initially charged into a treatment tank at the start of operation.
JP2003011668A 2003-01-20 2003-01-20 Garbage disposal method and garbage disposal apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP4100177B2 (en)

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