JP4103159B2 - Method for producing high purity erythritol crystals - Google Patents
Method for producing high purity erythritol crystals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4103159B2 JP4103159B2 JP29028697A JP29028697A JP4103159B2 JP 4103159 B2 JP4103159 B2 JP 4103159B2 JP 29028697 A JP29028697 A JP 29028697A JP 29028697 A JP29028697 A JP 29028697A JP 4103159 B2 JP4103159 B2 JP 4103159B2
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- erythritol
- liquid
- separation step
- temperature
- concentration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 78
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 title claims description 78
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 title claims description 77
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Images
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- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、高純度エリスリトール結晶の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
エリスリトール(正確にはメソ−エリスリトール)は、甘味料として、更には医薬品や工業薬品などの中間体として有用な物質である。エリスリトールは、工業的には、例えばブドウ糖を原料とし、水性培地中の好気的条件下でエリスリトール生産菌を培養して得られる。
【0003】
上記のエリスリトール含有培養液は、各種の液体状または固体状の不純物を含有している。すなわち、液体状不純物として、グリセリン等の副生物の他、澱粉の酵素糖化法などで得られた精製ブドウ糖を原料とした場合は、原料ブドウ糖中に含まれる二糖以上のオリゴ糖、その反応生成物、ブドウ糖が主な構成成分であるβ−1,4結合を持つ多糖類などを含有し、固体状不純物として、菌体の他に微小懸濁物質を含有している。
【0004】
高純度エリスリトール結晶は、菌体分離、クロマト分離、晶析の各工程を順次に包含するプロセスで上記の培養液を処理することにより得られる。斯かるプロセスの一例は、エリスリトール含有培養液からのエリスリトールの分離・回収方法として、例えば、特公平7−34748号公報に開示されている。
【0005】
ところで、高純度エリスリトール結晶は、前述の通り、甘味料や医薬品として使用されるため、雑菌の混入やその繁殖防止に十分配慮する必要があるが、斯かる点においては、従来の提案は必ずしも十分とは言えない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記実情に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は、菌体分離、クロマト分離、晶析の各工程を順次に包含するプロセスより成り、そして、雑菌の混入やその繁殖を十分に抑制した高純度エリスリトール結晶の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、種々検討を重ねた結果、次の様な知見を得た。すなわち、菌体分離後の清澄液には依然として雑菌の栄養源となる各種の不純物が含有されているために雑菌が繁殖する。従って、プロセスの初期の段階において、雑菌の繁殖を十分に抑制するならば、エリスリトール結晶への混入防止とは別途に、例えば、クロマト分離工程における樹脂カラムの閉塞や熱交換器における焦げ付きを防止して高純度エリスリトール結晶を工業的有利に製造することが出来る。
【0008】
本発明は、上記の知見に基づき完成されたものであり、その要旨は、エリスリトール含有培養液を原料液とし、少なくとも、培養液から菌体を分離する菌体分離工程、当該菌体分離工程から回収された清澄液をクロマト分離するクロマト分離工程、当該クロマト分離工程から回収されたエリスリトール画分を晶析してエリスリトール結晶を析出させる晶析工程を順次に包含するプロセスで分離・精製処理することにより、高純度エリスリトール結晶を製造するに当たり、前記の菌体分離工程において、セラミック膜または有機膜によるクロスフロー濾過法を使用し且つ被処理液の温度を50〜90℃に維持し、前記の菌体分離工程とクロマト分離工程との間に清澄液の軟化工程として50〜90℃の温度に清澄液を保持してイオン交換樹脂で処理する工程を設けたことを特徴とする高純度エリスリトール結晶の製造方法に存する。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。原料液として使用されるエリスリトール含有培養液は、水性培地中で好気的条件下にエリスリトール生産菌を培養することにより得られる。培養方法は、特に制限されず、従来公知の方法を採用することが出来る。
【0010】
例えば、培養原料としては、結晶ショ糖や結晶ブドウ糖の他、澱粉の酵素糖化法などで得られた精製ブドウ糖を使用することが出来る。なお、精製ブドウ糖は、通常、ブドウ糖含有率が93〜97重量%であり、残余は、二糖類、三糖類およびそれ以上のオリゴ糖である。
【0011】
一方、エリスリトール生産菌としては、オーレオバシディウム属(特開昭61−31091号公報)、モニリエラ・トメントサ・バール・ポリニス(特開昭60−110295〜8号公報)、キャンジダ・ゼイライデス(ATCC15585)、トルロプシス・ファマタ(ATCC1586)等(特開昭49−118889号公報)、キャンジダ・リポリティカ(米国特許第3,756,917号明細書)、トリゴノプシス属、キャンジダ属(特公昭47−41549号公報)等を使用することが出来る。
【0012】
また、培地用の無機塩類としては、KH2 PO4 、MgSO4 、CaCl2 、K2 SO4 、CaSO4 、FeSO4 、MnSO4 、ZnSO4 、(NH4 )2 HPO4 等、窒素源としては、(NH4 )2SO4 、CO(NH2 )2、NH4 Cl、NH4 NO3 等、栄養源としては、コーン・スティープリカー、大豆粉、各種アミノ酸、ペプトン、チアミン、酵母エキス等が挙げられる。
【0013】
本発明においては、高純度エリスリトール結晶を製造するため、上記の様な培養液を原料液とし、少なくとも、培養液から菌体を分離する菌体分離工程、当該菌体分離工程から回収された清澄液をクロマト分離するクロマト分離工程、当該クロマト分離工程から回収されたエリスリトール画分を晶析してエリスリトール結晶を析出させる晶析工程を順次に包含するプロセスで分離・精製処理する。
【0014】
そして、上記のプロセスにおいて、菌体分離工程後の清澄液は、軟化工程で処理された後に好ましくは濃縮工程で処理され、クロマト分離工程に供給される。また、クロマト分離工程から回収されたエリスリトール画分は、好ましくは活性炭処理工程および/または脱塩工程を経由した後に濃縮工程で処理され、晶析工程に供給される。そして、その後、晶析工程で分離されたエリスリトール結晶は、乾燥工程および篩分工程で処理されて高純度製品とされる。
【0015】
本発明において、上記の菌体分離工程は、本発明者らの知見に従い、セラミック膜または有機膜によるクロスフロー濾過法を使用し且つ被処理液の温度を50〜90℃に維持して行なう。その理由は次の通りである。
【0016】
(1)上記の菌体分離工程によれば、各種の液体状または固体状の不純物を含有しているエリスリトール含有培養液に対し、固体状不純物の除去を効率的かつ高度に行ない得るのみではなく、回収された清澄液をクロマト分離の効率アップのために濃縮せんとした場合にも発泡現象が著しく軽減される。従って、菌体分離工程においてセラミック膜または有機膜によるクロスフロー濾過法を使用することにより、高純度エリスリトール結晶を工業的有利に製造することが出来る。
【0017】
(2)上記のクロスフロー濾過法によっても完全に不純物を分離することは困難であり、菌体分離後の清澄液には依然として雑菌の栄養源となる各種の不純物が含有されている。そのため、菌体分離工程における被処理液の温度が低い場合は、雑菌が繁殖する。その結果、甘味料や医薬品として使用される高純度エリスリトール結晶においては好ましくないばかりか、例えば、クロマト分離工程における樹脂カラムの閉塞や熱交換器における焦げ付きの原因となる。そこで、本発明においては、雑菌の繁殖防止のため被処理液の温度を50℃以上に維持して菌体分離を行なう。処理液の温度が90℃を超える場合は、処理液の着色度が急激に増加すると言う不利益がある。
【0018】
セラミック膜(多孔膜)の構造は、特に制限されず、例えば、単層構造の他、細粒層と支持層との二層構造であってもよい。細粒層の平均細孔は、通常0.1〜1μm、好ましくは0.1〜0.5μmに設定される。また、セラミック膜の材質としては、シリカ、アルミナ、シリカ−アルミナ、ムライト、ジルコニア、カーボン、コージェライト、炭化ケイ素などが挙げられる。有機膜の構造は、特に制限されないが、その材質としては、後述する温度(50〜90℃)において十分な耐熱性を有するものを使用する必要がある。斯かる有機膜としては、例えば、ポリオレフィンやポリエーテルスルフォン等が挙げられる。
【0019】
クロスフロー濾過法においては、循環タンク、ポンプ、内部に濾過膜を備えた分離エレメント及び濾液受槽から成る設備が使用され、これらにより処理液の循環路が形成される。そして、上記の循環路の途中には熱交換器を設けるのが好ましい。
【0020】
そして、クロスフロー濾過法は、原理的には、膜フィルター表面に濾過対象液を平行に流しながら濾過を行い、平行流によるせん断力により堆積ケーク層を最小に保持する濾過法である。従って、濾過膜に包囲された流路の一端から供給された濾過対象液(原液)は、流れながら濾過され、濾液は、濾過膜を通過して流路と直交する方向に排出され、濃縮液は、流路の一端から排出される。
【0021】
クロスフロー濾過は、操作的には回分操作で行われ、本発明においては、(A)菌体濃縮濾過、(B)加水濾過、(C)追加濃縮濾過、(D)水洗、(E)再生を順次に行なって1操作を終了する。特に、追加濃縮濾過は、本発明においては、好ましい態様として行われる。
【0022】
菌体濃縮濾過(A)においては、図1に示す菌体分離工程(クロスフロー濾過装置)の循環タンク(1)にエリスリトール含有培養液を一定量供給した後、ポンプ(2)の駆動により、濾過膜(3)と熱交換器(6)とを通して再び循環タンク(1)に戻す培養液の循環を開始し、濾過膜(3)を透過した清澄液(濾液)を濾液受槽(5)に受ける。そして、所定の濃縮率に到達した時点で菌体濃縮濾過を終了する。なお、循環タンク(1)に供給する前のエリスリトール含有培養液は、必要に応じて前記の温度範囲に加熱され、また、循環液は、熱交換器(6)により前記の温度範囲に維持される(以下の加水濾過(B)及び追加濃縮濾過(C)においても同じ)。
【0023】
加水濾過(B)においては、循環タンク(1)内の濃縮液にその液面レベルを一定に保持しながら連続的に水を供給して上記と同様の循環操作を行ない、濾過膜(3)を通過した清澄液(濾液)を濾液受槽(5)に受ける。なお、供給水は、循環タンク(1)に供給する前に必要に応じて前記の温度範囲に加熱される。
【0024】
追加濃縮濾過(C)は、いわゆる搾り出しのために行われ、加水濾過(B)における循環タンク(1)内への水の供給を停止して更に上記と同様の循環操作を行ない、濾過膜(3)を通過した清澄液(濾液)を濾液受槽(5)に受ける。
【0025】
水洗(D)及び再生(E)は常法に従って行われ、再生剤としては、例えば、0.5重量%のNaOHと0.2重量%のNaClOを含有する水溶液を使用することが出来る。操作温度は、通常、約50〜70℃とされる。
【0026】
上記の菌体濃縮濾過(A)、加水濾過(B)及び追加濃縮濾過(C)においては、通常、循環流速1〜10m/s、膜間差圧0.1〜10Kg/cm2の条件下で行われる。そして、菌体濃縮濾過(A)及び加水濾過(B)における透過流速は、通常100〜200L/m2・Hrとされる。そして、追加濃縮濾過(C)においては、次第に上記の透過流速は低下していくが、本発明においては、透過流速が約50L/m2・Hrに到達した時点で追加濃縮濾過を終了し、水洗(D)及び再生(E)に移行するのが好ましい。すなわち、本発明者らの知見によれば、エリスリトール含有培養液の場合、上記の範囲を超えて追加濃縮濾過を行なった場合は、濾過膜(3)における閉塞状態が急激に悪化し、次の菌体分離操作に支障を来すことがある。
【0027】
本発明においては、上記の菌体分離工程に供するエリスリトール含有培養液のpHは3.5〜5.5の範囲に調節するのが好ましい。すなわち、培養工程から得られるエリスリトール含有培養液のpHを等電点に近い上記の範囲に調節するならば、培養液中の溶解蛋白質が析出してフロック状になりその分離が一層容易となる。上記のpH調節には、例えば、苛性ソーダー等の適当なアルカリ物質の水溶液が使用される。
【0028】
本発明は、前記の菌体分離工程と後述のクロマト分離工程との間に清澄液の軟化工程として50〜90℃の温度に清澄液を保持してイオン交換樹脂で処理する工程を設けたことを特徴とする。斯かる軟化工程は、クロマト分離工程における分離性能の維持を目的とした工程であるが、クロマト分離工程の前の濃縮工程に先行して設けるのが好ましい。
【0029】
上記のイオン交換樹脂としては、スルホン酸型強酸性カチオン交換樹脂またはカルボン酸型弱酸性カチオン交換樹脂がNa型で使用される。そして充填塔に清澄液を通してその中のCaイオンやMgイオンをNaイオンと交換させて除去し、Ca型および/またはMg型に変ったカチオン交換樹脂をNa型に再生して繰り返し使用する。スルホン酸型樹脂の場合は、NaCl水溶液で再生し、カルボン酸型樹脂の場合は、HCl又はH2 SO4 等の強酸でH型に変換後、NaOH水溶液で再生する。これらの二つの方法の中では、カルボン酸型弱酸性カチオン交換樹脂(Na型)を使用する方法が好ましい。
【0030】
軟化工程で処理される清澄液の50〜90℃の温度保持は、上記の充填塔に加熱手段を配置し、更には、必要に応じ、軟化工程に供給される清澄液を予め加熱することにより行われる。清澄液の温度が50℃未満の場合は、清澄液中への雑菌の混入や混入した雑菌の繁殖防止が十分ではなく、一方、清澄液の温度が90℃を超える場合は、処理液の着色や樹脂の劣化が促進され、何れの場合も本発明の初期の目的を達成することが出来ない。
【0031】
上記のクロマト分離前の濃縮工程は、クロマト分離工程における効率アップを目的とした工程である。溶解固形分濃度として、通常30〜70重量%、好ましくは35〜45重量%になるまで濃縮する。
【0032】
ところで、一般に、有機物質含有水溶液の濃縮装置としては、例えば、容器の外壁から水蒸気にて加熱を行なうジャケット式蒸発缶、加熱管内の液流速を高めるための循環ポンプを備えた強制循環型蒸発缶、直立長管型に属する上昇膜型蒸発缶や流下膜型蒸発缶などが知られている。
【0033】
上記の濃縮工程における濃縮装置としては、上記加熱式である限り、その構造は制限されないが、本発明者らの知見に従い、強制循環型蒸発缶または膜型蒸発缶が好ましく採用される。特に好ましい濃縮装置は膜型蒸発缶であり、その中では流下膜型蒸発缶が一般的に好ましい。その理由は次の通りである。
【0034】
菌体分離工程から得られる清澄液には、前述した各種の液体状不純物が含まれており、特に、グルコースとアミノ酸とのメイラード反応で着色成分が生成する。斯かる着色成分の生成は加熱時間によって促進される。また、可溶性蛋白質の影響により、濃縮時に発泡現象が現れて清澄液の安定した濃縮は必ずしも容易ではない。斯かる場合、ジャケット式蒸発缶では、特に濃縮時の発泡現象を抑制するための伝熱条件の達成は一般に困難である。これに対し、強制循環型蒸発缶や膜型蒸発缶によれば、広い範囲の伝熱条件において、濃縮時の発泡現象を抑制することが出来る。
【0035】
上記の流下膜型蒸発缶は、その機能的構造上、蒸発缶と流下膜形成部とに区分でき、そして、流下膜形成部としては、(1)プレート方式と(2)シェル&チューブ形式とがあるが、その何れであってもよい。濃縮工程の操作圧力は70〜300torr、液温度は45〜80℃の範囲が好ましい。操作圧力が上記の範囲より小さい場合は、発泡が激化して飛沫同伴による損失、ひいては安定運転が不能になる傾向にあり、また、液温度が低下するため雑菌汚染も懸念される。操作圧力が上記範囲より大きい場合は、液温度が上昇して液の着色が促進される傾向にある。
【0036】
上記のクロマト分離工程は、アルカリ金属型またはアンモニウム型の強酸性カチオン交換樹脂を充填した分離塔に清澄液を通し、次いで、水で溶離流出させ、その流出液からエリスリトールを主成分とする画分を分取することから成る。エリスリトールを主成分とする画分は、通常、3〜30重量%の濃度として分取される。
【0037】
上記の活性炭処理工程および/または脱塩工程は、着色成分、臭気成分、塩類などの除去を目的とした工程である。これらの工程の順序は任意に選択することが出来る。使用する活性炭は粉末または粒状の何れでもよい。脱塩工程は、カチオン交換樹脂塔、アニオン交換樹脂塔、カチオン交換樹脂とアニオン交換樹脂との両樹脂の混床塔より成る。
【0038】
上記の晶析工程の直前の濃縮工程は、晶析工程を効率的に行なうことを目的とした工程である。溶解固形分濃度として、通常30〜70重量%、好ましくは40〜60重量%になるまで濃縮する。そして、斯かる濃縮工程においては、クロマト分離前の濃縮工程の場合と同様の理由により、同様の濃縮装置および操作条件を採用するのが好ましい。
【0039】
上記の晶析工程は、特に制限されないが、本発明者らの知見に従い、次の様に行なうのが好ましい。すなわち、晶析開始時の晶析原液中のエリスリトール濃度を30〜60重量%に調節し、20℃/Hr以下の冷却速度を採用し、冷却晶析途中でエリスリトールの種結晶を添加し、20℃以下の温度まで冷却した後、析出した結晶を分離する。斯かる晶析方法によれば、従来法に比して一層純度が高められ且つ結晶形状が改善された高純度エリスリトール結晶が得られる。
【0040】
そして、上記の晶析工程においては、70℃から60℃迄の冷却過程経過後は、更に冷却速度を遅くし、具体的には10℃/Hr以下とし、20℃以下、好ましくは15℃以下の温度まで冷却する。また、晶析槽内の温度がエリスリトールの飽和溶解度に相当する温度よりも低い温度で且つその温度差が15℃以内の段階において当該晶析槽にエリスリトールの種結晶を添加するのが好ましい。種結晶の添加時期は、晶析槽内の温度がエリスリトールの飽和溶解度に相当する温度よりも1〜5℃低い温度の段階が特に好ましい。また、種結晶の添加量は、特に制限されないが、晶析槽内で析出するエリスリトールに対し、好ましくは0.1重量%以下、更に好ましくは0.001〜0.05重量%の範囲である。
【0041】
結晶分離工程は、特に制限されないが、本発明者らの知見に従い、濾過面の周方向にスラリーを分散させて当該濾過面に衝突させる構造の遠心分離装置を使用するのが好ましい。その理由は次の通りである。
【0042】
最も代表的なバスケット式遠心分離装置を使用した場合、工業的に採用される運転条件下では、単管ノズルから供給されたエリスリトール結晶含有スラリーが濾過面の全体に行き渡る前に固液分離される。その結果、エリスリトール結晶が装置内に直ちに偏在して遠心分離装置の運転に支障が生じることがある。斯かる問題は、前記の構造の遠心分離装置の使用により回避される。前記の構造の遠心分離装置は、例えば、住友重機械工業(株)の商品「コンタベックス」や「プッシャー」として容易に入手することが出来る。
【0043】
ところで、結晶分離工程では結晶の含水率の低減化のために出来るだけ高い遠心力による運転が通常行われる。ところが、本発明者らの知見によれば、エリスリトール結晶の硬度が比較的に高いため、過度な遠心力を採用した場合は、遠心分離装置の内壁面への衝突により、エリスリトール結晶の破砕が生じる。そこで、本発明において、50〜500Gの遠心力条件下に結晶分離を行った後、エリスリトール結晶に対して0.1〜1重量倍で且つ5〜20℃の洗浄水による振り掛け洗浄を行なうのが好ましい。
【0044】
遠心力条件が50G未満の場合は、得られるエリスリトール結晶の含水率が余りにも高すぎて後工程の乾燥負荷が大きくなる。それだけではなく、母液が十分振り切れずに製品に付着して品質低下を招く。一方、遠心力条件が500Gを超える場合は、遠心分離装置の内壁面への衝突により、エリスリトール結晶の破砕が生じる。遠心条件の好ましい範囲は100〜300Gである。
【0045】
振り掛け洗浄における洗浄水の使用量および温度は、上記の様な比較的に小さな遠心条件下において、エリスリトール結晶の溶解損失を防止し且つ十分な洗浄効果を得るとの観点から決定された条件である。すなわち、洗浄水の使用量が0.1重量倍未満の場合は、洗浄効果が不足して高純度のエリスリトール結晶が得られない。一方、洗浄水の使用量が1重量倍を超える場合または洗浄水の温度が20℃を超える場合は、エリスリトール結晶の溶解損失が大きく経済的ではない。洗浄水の好ましい使用量は、エリスリトール結晶に対して0.2〜0.5重量倍であり、洗浄水の好ましい温度は10〜20℃である。
【0046】
上記の乾燥工程は、晶析工程から回収されたエリスリトール結晶中の水分の除去を目的とした工程であり、通常、流動床式乾燥器が好適に使用される。上記の篩分工程は、大粒径品の除去を目的とした工程であり、通常、1000又は1190mmメッシュの振動篩装置が好適に使用される。
【0047】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明は、その要旨を超えない限り、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0048】
実施例1
無水結晶ブドウ糖300g/L(ブドウ糖として)及び酵母エキス10g/L含む培地に、モニリエラ・トメントサ・バール・ポリニスを加え、35℃で48時間振とう培養して種培地(A)を得た。次いで、無水結晶ブドウ糖300g/L(ブドウ糖として)及びコーン・ステイープ・リカー37g/Lを含む培地600Lに上記の種培地(A)1.2Lを加え、通気量300L/min、撹拌速度300rpm、温度35℃、圧力1.0kg/cm2 Gで48時間培養して種培地(B)を得た。次いで、無水結晶ブドウ糖400g/L(ブドウ糖として)及びコーン・ステイープ・リカー15g/Lを含む培地30m3に上記の種培地(B)600Lを加え、通気量15m3/min、撹拌速度100rpm、温度35℃、圧力1.0kg/cm2 Gで90時間培養し、ブドウ糖が完全になくなった時点を確認して培養を停止した。そして、直ちに加熱殺菌した後、セラミック膜を利用したクロスフロー濾過法により、次の条件下で菌体を分離した。
【0049】
すなわち、先ず、菌体濃縮濾過として、図1に示す菌体分離工程(クロスフロー濾過装置)の循環タンク(1)に約70℃に加温されたエリスリトール含有培養液を6m3供給した後、ポンプ(2)の駆動により、濾過膜(3)と熱交換器(6)とを通して再び循環タンク(1)に戻す培養液の循環を開始し、濾過膜(3)を透過した清澄液(濾液)を濾液受槽(5)に受けた。この際、循環液温度は約70℃、循環流速は5m/s、膜間差圧は1Kg/cm2に調節した。その結果、平均透過流速は130L/m2・Hrであった。
【0050】
次いで、加水濾過として、濾液受槽(5)内の清澄液が24m3となった時点において、循環タンク(1)内の濃縮液6m3にその液面レベルを一定に保持しながら連続的に水を供給しながら、上記と同様の循環操作を行ない、清澄液(濾液)を濾液受槽(5)に受けた。なお、供給水は、循環タンク(1)に供給する前に必要約70℃に加熱した。供給水は、全量で18m3であり、加水濾過により、濾液受槽(5)に受けた清澄液(濾液)は、全量で18m3であった。
【0051】
次いで、追加濃縮濾過として、上記の水の供給を停止した後も更に上記と同様の循環操作を行ない、清澄液(濾液)を濾液受槽(5)に受けた。そして、透過流速が約50L/m2・Hrに低下した時点で追加濃縮濾過を終了し、次の菌体分離のため、クロスフロー濾過装置の水洗・再生を行なった。追加濃縮濾過により、濾液受槽(5)に受けた清澄液(濾液)は、全量で2m3であった。
【0052】
上記の各操作で得た清澄液は、全量で44m3であり、エリスリトール121g/L及びグリセリン0.3g/Lを含有していた。
【0053】
次いで、カルボン酸型弱カチオン交換樹脂(三菱化学株式会社商品名ダイヤイオンWK−20)のNa型を充填した塔に上記の清澄液を44m3通し、Ca及びMg等の硬度成分をNaイオンと交換した。この際、清澄液の温度は、70℃に保持した。
【0054】
次いで、溶解固形分濃度が40重量%になるまで濃縮した(一次濃縮)。濃縮装置としては、流下膜形成部にシェル&チューブを備えた4重効用缶を使用した。そして、操作圧力は74〜220torr、液温度は46〜70℃の範囲とした。この際、減圧濃縮時における液の発泡は全く認められず、濃縮操作は、安定に行なうことが出来た。
【0055】
次いで、ジビニルベンゼン架橋ポリスチレンスルホン酸のNa型樹脂(三菱化学株式会社商品名ダイヤイオンUBK−550)を22m3充填した分離塔(直径2000mm×高さ7000mm)の塔頂から、上記の濃縮液(温度70℃)を1.44m3供給した。分離塔の温度は70℃に保持し、濃縮液の供給速度は11.6m3/hrとした。
【0056】
次いで、同じ速度で塔頂から水を引続き供給し、流出液床容量0.54を境にして前段と後段の二つの画分に分けた。画分の液量は、前段が4.8m3であり、後段が3.4m3であった。そして、後段の流出液としてエリスリトール及びグリセリンを回収した。この操作を10回繰り返し、後段流出液として合計34m3を得た。その液組成は、エリスリトール濃度96.5g/L、グリセリン濃度0.2g/L、不明物濃度2.0g/Lであった。
【0057】
次いで、常法に従い、H型強酸性カチオン交換樹脂(三菱化学式会社商品名ダイヤイオンSK1B)を充填した塔、OH型の弱塩基性アニオン交換樹脂(三菱化学株式会社商品名ダイヤイオンWA30)を充填した塔、および、前記のH型強酸性カチオン交換樹脂とOH型強塩基性アニオン交換樹脂(三菱化学株式会社商品名ダイヤイオンPA408)を充填した混床塔で上記の後段流出液を順次に処理した。なお、上記の後段流出液には、H型強酸性カチオン交換樹脂塔に供給するに先立ち、後述の結晶分離工程(遠心分離装置)から発生する洗浄水を含む晶析母液8m3を予め混合した。これは、上記の様に晶析母液を循環することにより、その中に含まれるエリスリトールを回収するためである。次いで、得られた処理液に粉末活性炭3.4Kgを加えて30分間撹拌した後、活性炭を濾過して濾液を得た。
【0058】
次いで、減圧下70℃で溶解固形分濃度が53重量%(エリスリトール濃度:48.0重量%)になるまで上記の濾液を濃縮した(二次濃縮)。濃縮装置としては、流下膜形成部にシェル&チューブを備えた4重効用缶を使用した。そして、操作圧力は74〜220torr、液温度は46〜70℃の範囲とした。この際、減圧濃縮時における液の発泡は全く認められず、濃縮操作は、安定に行なうことが出来た。
【0059】
次いで、上記の70℃の濃縮液を7.5℃/Hrの速度で15℃まで徐冷し、その冷却途中の42℃(飽和温度との温度差:−3℃)の段階で380g(析出結晶に対する割合:0.01重量%)の種晶を添加して結晶を成長させてエリスリトール結晶含有スラリーを得た。
【0060】
次いで、遠心分離装置として住友重機械工業(株)の商品「コンタベックス」を使用し、167Gの遠心条件を採用し且つ湿潤エリスリトール結晶に対して0.2重量倍の15℃の洗浄水を使用し、結晶の分離と洗浄を行なった。すなわち、濾過面の周方向にエリスリトール結晶含有スラリーを分散させて当該濾過面に衝突させながら結晶を濾別しつつ振り掛け洗浄を行なった。そして、エリスリトール結晶3.5Tonを得た。エリスリトール結晶の純度は99.9%、含水率は2.47重量%であった。洗浄水を含む晶析母液は、エリスリトールの回収のため一旦タンクに回収した。
【0061】
その後、上記のエリスリトール結晶を乾燥した。平均粒径を測定した結果、750μmであり、遠心分離前の平均粒径(750μm)との比較から結晶破砕はないことが判った。結晶形状は単結晶が主体であった。また、上記の軟化工程から得られた清澄液について、後述の方法により、吸光度の測定と培養試験を行なった。結果を表1に示す。
【0062】
比較例1
実施例1において、軟化工程の温度70℃を25℃に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてエリスリトール結晶を製造した。この場合、軟化工程の樹脂塔の処理液供給ポンプの圧力損失が次第に上昇してきた。これは、雑菌汚染によるものであった。また、上記の軟化工程から得られた清澄液について、実施例1と同様に吸光度の測定と培養試験を行ない、結果を表1に示す。
【0063】
比較例2
実施例1において、軟化工程の温度70℃を45℃に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてエリスリトール結晶を製造した。上記の軟化工程から得られた清澄液について、実施例1と同様に吸光度の測定と培養試験を行ない、結果を表1に示す。
【0064】
比較例3
実施例1において、軟化工程の温度70℃を95℃に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてエリスリトール結晶を製造した。上記の軟化工程から得られた清澄液について、実施例1と同様に吸光度の測定と培養試験を行ない、結果を表1に示す。
【0065】
(1)吸光度の測定:
分光光度計(日本分光(株)製「UVIDEC−340」)を使用し、420nmの波長で1cm石英セルによる吸光度を測定した。
【0066】
(2)培養試験:
無菌的に採取した試料を25℃の恒温槽で1昼夜保存し、目視により、雑菌の成育状況を観察した。
【0067】
【表1】
【0068】
表1に示した比較例1及び比較例2における雑菌は、主にカビ類が球状になった雑菌であった。
【0069】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、雑菌の混入やその繁殖を十分に抑制した高純度エリスリトール結晶の製造方法が提供される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明における好適な菌体分離工程の概念的な説明図
【符号の説明】
1:循環タンク
2:ポンプ
3:濾過膜
4:分離エレメント
5:濾液受槽
6:熱交換器[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing high-purity erythritol crystals.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Erythritol (exactly meso-erythritol) is a substance useful as a sweetener and as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals. Industrially, erythritol is obtained, for example, by cultivating erythritol-producing bacteria under the aerobic condition in an aqueous medium using glucose as a raw material.
[0003]
The above erythritol-containing culture solution contains various liquid or solid impurities. In other words, when using liquid glucose as a by-product such as glycerin as well as purified glucose obtained by enzymatic saccharification of starch, etc. And polysaccharides having β-1,4 bonds, whose main constituent is glucose, and a microscopic suspended substance in addition to the cells as solid impurities.
[0004]
High-purity erythritol crystals can be obtained by treating the above culture solution in a process that sequentially includes cell separation, chromatographic separation, and crystallization steps. An example of such a process is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-34748 as a method for separating and recovering erythritol from an erythritol-containing culture solution.
[0005]
By the way, as described above, high-purity erythritol crystals are used as sweeteners and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, it is necessary to give due consideration to mixing of germs and their growth prevention. However, in this respect, the conventional proposal is not always sufficient. It can not be said.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is composed of a process that sequentially includes steps of bacterial cell separation, chromatographic separation, and crystallization, and sufficient contamination and propagation of germs are sufficiently achieved. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing suppressed high-purity erythritol crystals.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of various studies, the present inventors have obtained the following knowledge. That is, since the clarified liquid after cell separation still contains various impurities that serve as nutrient sources for bacteria, the bacteria propagate. Therefore, in the early stage of the process, if the propagation of miscellaneous bacteria is sufficiently suppressed, for example, blockage of the resin column in the chromatographic separation process and scorching in the heat exchanger can be prevented separately from the prevention of mixing into the erythritol crystals. Thus, high purity erythritol crystals can be produced industrially advantageously.
[0008]
The present invention has been completed on the basis of the above findings, and the gist of the present invention is that the erythritol-containing culture solution is used as a raw material solution, and at least the cell separation step for separating the cells from the culture solution, from the cell separation step A chromatographic separation process for chromatographic separation of the recovered clarified liquid, and a separation / purification process that sequentially includes a crystallization process for crystallizing the erythritol fraction recovered from the chromatographic separation process and precipitating erythritol crystals. Thus, in producing the high purity erythritol crystal, in the cell separation step, a cross flow filtration method using a ceramic membrane or an organic membrane is used, and the temperature of the liquid to be treated is maintained at 50 to 90 ° C. As a softening process of the clarified liquid between the body separation process and the chromatographic separation process, the clarified liquid is maintained at a temperature of 50 to 90 ° C. It consists in the method of producing a high-purity erythritol crystals characterized in that a management to process.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The erythritol-containing culture solution used as the raw material solution is obtained by culturing erythritol-producing bacteria in an aqueous medium under aerobic conditions. The culture method is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be employed.
[0010]
For example, as the culture raw material, purified glucose obtained by enzymatic saccharification of starch, etc. can be used in addition to crystalline sucrose and crystalline glucose. Note that purified glucose usually has a glucose content of 93 to 97% by weight, and the remainder is disaccharides, trisaccharides and higher oligosaccharides.
[0011]
On the other hand, as erythritol-producing bacteria, Aureobasidium genus (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-31091), Moniliella tomentosa bar polynis (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-110295-8), Candida zeylides (ATCC 15585) , Tolropsis famata (ATCC 1586), etc. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 49-118889), Candida lipolytica (US Pat. No. 3,756,917), Trigonopsis genus, Candida genus (Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-41549) Etc. can be used.
[0012]
Examples of inorganic salts for the medium include KH 2 PO 4 , MgSO 4 , CaCl 2 , K 2 SO 4 , CaSO 4 , FeSO 4 , MnSO 4 , ZnSO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4, etc. Is (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , CO (NH 2 ) 2 , NH 4 Cl, NH 4 NO 3, etc., and nutrition sources are corn steep liquor, soy flour, various amino acids, peptone, thiamine, yeast extract, etc. Is mentioned.
[0013]
In the present invention, in order to produce high-purity erythritol crystals, a culture solution as described above is used as a raw material solution, and at least a cell separation step for separating cells from the culture solution, and a clarified recovered from the cell separation step A separation / purification process is carried out by a chromatographic separation step for chromatographic separation of the liquid and a crystallization step for sequentially crystallizing the erythritol fraction recovered from the chromatographic separation step to precipitate erythritol crystals.
[0014]
In the above process, the clarified liquid after the cell separation step is preferably processed in the concentration step after being processed in the softening step and supplied to the chromatographic separation step. The erythritol fraction recovered from the chromatographic separation step is preferably processed in the concentration step after passing through the activated carbon treatment step and / or the desalting step, and supplied to the crystallization step. Then, the erythritol crystals separated in the crystallization step are processed in the drying step and the sieving step to obtain a high-purity product.
[0015]
In the present invention, the above-mentioned cell separation step is performed according to the knowledge of the present inventors using a cross-flow filtration method using a ceramic membrane or an organic membrane and maintaining the temperature of the liquid to be treated at 50 to 90 ° C. Yeah. The reason is as follows.
[0016]
(1) According to the cell separation step described above, not only can the solid impurities be efficiently and highly removed from the erythritol-containing culture solution containing various liquid or solid impurities. The foaming phenomenon is also greatly reduced when the collected clarified liquid is concentrated to increase the efficiency of chromatographic separation. Therefore, high purity erythritol crystals can be produced industrially advantageously by using a cross-flow filtration method using a ceramic membrane or an organic membrane in the cell separation step.
[0017]
(2) It is difficult to completely separate impurities even by the above-described crossflow filtration method, and the clarified liquid after cell separation still contains various impurities that serve as nutrient sources for various bacteria. For this reason, when the temperature of the liquid to be treated in the cell separation step is low, various germs propagate. As a result, it is not preferable for high-purity erythritol crystals used as sweeteners and pharmaceuticals. For example, it may cause clogging of the resin column in the chromatographic separation step and scorching in the heat exchanger. Therefore, in the present invention, the bacterial cells are separated while maintaining the temperature of the liquid to be treated at 50 ° C. or higher in order to prevent the propagation of various bacteria. When the temperature of the processing liquid exceeds 90 ° C., there is a disadvantage that the coloring degree of the processing liquid increases rapidly.
[0018]
The structure of the ceramic membrane (porous membrane) is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a single-layer structure or a two-layer structure of a fine particle layer and a support layer. The average pores of the fine-grained layer are usually set to 0.1 to 1 μm, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 μm. Examples of the material for the ceramic film include silica, alumina, silica-alumina, mullite, zirconia, carbon, cordierite, and silicon carbide. The structure of the organic film is not particularly limited, but it is necessary to use a material having sufficient heat resistance at a temperature (50 to 90 ° C.) described later. Examples of such an organic film include polyolefin and polyether sulfone.
[0019]
In the cross-flow filtration method, a facility comprising a circulation tank, a pump, a separation element having a filtration membrane inside and a filtrate receiving tank is used, and a circulation path for the treatment liquid is formed by these. And it is preferable to provide a heat exchanger in the middle of said circulation path.
[0020]
In principle, the cross-flow filtration method is a filtration method in which filtration is performed while a liquid to be filtered flows in parallel on the surface of the membrane filter, and the deposited cake layer is kept to a minimum by a shearing force due to the parallel flow. Therefore, the liquid to be filtered (raw solution) supplied from one end of the flow path surrounded by the filtration membrane is filtered while flowing, and the filtrate passes through the filtration membrane and is discharged in a direction perpendicular to the flow path, thereby being concentrated. Is discharged from one end of the flow path.
[0021]
Cross-flow filtration is performed in a batch operation. In the present invention, (A) bacterial cell concentration filtration, (B) hydrofiltration, (C) additional concentration filtration, (D) water washing, (E) regeneration. Are sequentially performed to complete one operation. In particular, additional concentration filtration is performed as a preferred embodiment in the present invention.
[0022]
In bacterial cell concentration filtration (A), after supplying a certain amount of erythritol-containing culture solution to the circulation tank (1) of the bacterial cell separation step (cross flow filtration device) shown in FIG. The circulation of the culture solution returning to the circulation tank (1) again through the filtration membrane (3) and the heat exchanger (6) is started, and the clarified liquid (filtrate) permeated through the filtration membrane (3) is passed to the filtrate receiving tank (5). receive. Then, the bacterial cell concentration filtration is terminated when the predetermined concentration rate is reached. In addition, the erythritol containing culture solution before supplying to a circulation tank (1) is heated to the said temperature range as needed, and a circulating solution is maintained in the said temperature range by a heat exchanger (6). (The same applies to the following hydrofiltration (B) and additional concentration filtration (C)).
[0023]
In the hydrofiltration (B), water is continuously supplied to the concentrated liquid in the circulation tank (1) while keeping the liquid level constant, and the same circulation operation as described above is performed, and the filtration membrane (3) The clarified liquid (filtrate) that has passed through is received in the filtrate receiving tank (5). In addition, before supplying water to a circulation tank (1), it is heated to the said temperature range as needed before supplying.
[0024]
The additional concentration filtration (C) is performed for so-called squeezing, the water supply into the circulation tank (1) in the hydrofiltration (B) is stopped, the circulation operation similar to the above is performed, and the filtration membrane ( The clarified liquid (filtrate) that has passed through 3) is received in the filtrate receiving tank (5).
[0025]
Washing with water (D) and regeneration (E) are carried out according to a conventional method, and as the regenerant, for example, an aqueous solution containing 0.5% by weight NaOH and 0.2% by weight NaClO can be used. The operating temperature is usually about 50-70 ° C.
[0026]
In the above bacterial cell concentration filtration (A), hydrofiltration (B), and additional concentration filtration (C), the circulation flow rate is usually 1 to 10 m / s and the transmembrane pressure difference is 0.1 to 10 kg / cm 2 . Done in And the permeation | transmission flow rate in microbial cell concentration filtration (A) and hydrofiltration (B) shall be 100-200L / m < 2 > * Hr normally. In the additional concentration filtration (C), the permeation flow rate gradually decreases, but in the present invention, the additional concentration filtration is terminated when the permeation flow rate reaches about 50 L / m 2 · Hr, It is preferable to shift to washing with water (D) and regeneration (E). That is, according to the knowledge of the present inventors, in the case of erythritol-containing culture solution, when additional concentration filtration is performed beyond the above range, the clogged state in the filtration membrane (3) deteriorates rapidly, and the following May interfere with cell separation.
[0027]
In the present invention, it is preferable to adjust the pH of the erythritol-containing culture solution to be used for the above-mentioned cell separation step to a range of 3.5 to 5.5. That is, if the pH of the erythritol-containing culture solution obtained from the culturing step is adjusted to the above range close to the isoelectric point, the dissolved protein in the culture solution precipitates and becomes a flock, which makes it easier to separate. For the pH adjustment, for example, an aqueous solution of a suitable alkaline substance such as caustic soda is used.
[0028]
In the present invention, a process of holding the clarified liquid at a temperature of 50 to 90 ° C. and treating it with an ion exchange resin is provided as a clarified liquid softening process between the cell separation process and the chromatographic separation process described later. It is characterized by. Such a softening step is a step aimed at maintaining the separation performance in the chromatographic separation step, but is preferably provided prior to the concentration step prior to the chromatographic separation step.
[0029]
As the ion exchange resin, a sulfonic acid type strong acid cation exchange resin or a carboxylic acid type weak acid cation exchange resin is used in Na type. The clarified liquid is passed through the packed tower to remove Ca ions and Mg ions therein by exchanging them with Na ions, and the cation exchange resin changed to Ca type and / or Mg type is regenerated into Na type and repeatedly used. In the case of a sulfonic acid type resin, it is regenerated with an aqueous NaCl solution. In the case of a carboxylic acid type resin, it is converted into an H type with a strong acid such as HCl or H 2 SO 4 and then regenerated with an aqueous NaOH solution. Among these two methods, a method using a carboxylic acid type weakly acidic cation exchange resin (Na type) is preferable.
[0030]
The temperature of the clarified liquid treated in the softening step is maintained at 50 to 90 ° C. by placing heating means in the packed tower and further heating the clarified liquid supplied to the softening step as necessary. Done. When the temperature of the clarified liquid is less than 50 ° C., mixing of germs in the clarified liquid and the prevention of breeding of the mixed germs are not sufficient, while when the temperature of the clarified liquid exceeds 90 ° C., the treatment liquid is colored. In any case, the initial purpose of the present invention cannot be achieved.
[0031]
The concentration step before chromatographic separation is a step aimed at increasing efficiency in the chromatographic separation step. It concentrates until it becomes 30-70 weight% normally as dissolved solid content concentration, Preferably it is 35-45 weight%.
[0032]
By the way, in general, as an apparatus for concentrating an organic substance-containing aqueous solution, for example, a jacket-type evaporator that heats with water vapor from the outer wall of a container, a forced circulation evaporator equipped with a circulation pump for increasing the liquid flow rate in the heating pipe Ascending film evaporators and falling film evaporators belonging to the upright long tube type are known.
[0033]
The structure of the concentrator in the concentrating step is not limited as long as it is of the heating type, but a forced circulation evaporator or a membrane evaporator is preferably employed according to the knowledge of the present inventors. A particularly preferred concentrator is a membrane evaporator, of which a falling film evaporator is generally preferred. The reason is as follows.
[0034]
The clarified liquid obtained from the bacterial cell separation step contains the various liquid impurities described above, and in particular, a colored component is generated by the Maillard reaction between glucose and amino acids. The production of such colored components is accelerated by the heating time. Also, due to the influence of soluble proteins, a foaming phenomenon appears during concentration, and stable concentration of the clarified liquid is not always easy. In such a case, it is generally difficult for the jacket-type evaporator to achieve heat transfer conditions for suppressing the foaming phenomenon particularly during concentration. On the other hand, according to the forced circulation evaporator and the membrane evaporator, the foaming phenomenon at the time of concentration can be suppressed under a wide range of heat transfer conditions.
[0035]
The falling film type evaporator can be divided into an evaporator and a falling film forming part because of its functional structure, and the falling film forming part includes (1) plate type and (2) shell & tube type. However, any of them may be used. The operation pressure in the concentration step is preferably from 70 to 300 torr, and the liquid temperature is preferably from 45 to 80 ° C. When the operation pressure is smaller than the above range, foaming is intensified and there is a tendency that loss due to entrainment of the droplets, and thus stable operation cannot be achieved. When the operating pressure is larger than the above range, the liquid temperature rises and the liquid coloring tends to be promoted.
[0036]
In the chromatographic separation step, the clarified liquid is passed through a separation column packed with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin of alkali metal type or ammonium type, and then eluted and discharged with water, and a fraction containing erythritol as a main component from the effluent. Consisting of sorting. The fraction containing erythritol as a main component is usually fractionated at a concentration of 3 to 30% by weight.
[0037]
The activated carbon treatment step and / or the desalting step are steps aimed at removing coloring components, odor components, salts, and the like. The order of these steps can be arbitrarily selected. The activated carbon used may be either powdered or granular. The desalting step includes a cation exchange resin tower, an anion exchange resin tower, and a mixed bed tower of both resins of cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin.
[0038]
The concentration step immediately before the crystallization step is a step aimed at efficiently performing the crystallization step. It concentrates until it becomes 30-70 weight% normally as dissolved solid content concentration, Preferably it is 40-60 weight%. And in such a concentration process, it is preferable to employ | adopt the same concentration apparatus and operating conditions for the same reason as the case of the concentration process before chromatographic separation.
[0039]
The crystallization step is not particularly limited, but is preferably performed as follows according to the knowledge of the present inventors. That is, the erythritol concentration in the crystallization stock solution at the start of crystallization was adjusted to 30 to 60% by weight, a cooling rate of 20 ° C./Hr or less was adopted, erythritol seed crystals were added during the cooling crystallization, and 20 After cooling to a temperature of ℃ or lower, the precipitated crystals are separated. According to such a crystallization method, a high-purity erythritol crystal having higher purity and improved crystal shape as compared with the conventional method can be obtained.
[0040]
In the crystallization step, after the cooling process from 70 ° C. to 60 ° C., the cooling rate is further reduced, specifically 10 ° C./Hr or less, 20 ° C. or less, preferably 15 ° C. or less. Cool to the temperature of. In addition, it is preferable to add a seed crystal of erythritol to the crystallization tank at a stage where the temperature in the crystallization tank is lower than the temperature corresponding to the saturation solubility of erythritol and the temperature difference is within 15 ° C. The stage of adding the seed crystal is particularly preferably a stage where the temperature in the crystallization tank is 1 to 5 ° C. lower than the temperature corresponding to the saturation solubility of erythritol. The amount of seed crystal added is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1% by weight or less, more preferably 0.001 to 0.05% by weight, based on erythritol precipitated in the crystallization tank. .
[0041]
The crystal separation step is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a centrifugal separator having a structure in which slurry is dispersed in the circumferential direction of the filtration surface and collided with the filtration surface in accordance with the knowledge of the present inventors. The reason is as follows.
[0042]
When the most typical basket type centrifuge is used, the slurry containing erythritol crystals supplied from a single tube nozzle is solid-liquid separated before reaching the entire filtration surface under the operating conditions adopted in the industry. . As a result, erythritol crystals may be unevenly distributed immediately in the apparatus, which may hinder the operation of the centrifugal separator. Such a problem is avoided by using the centrifugal separator having the above structure. The centrifugal separator having the above-described structure can be easily obtained as, for example, “Comtabex” or “Pusher” manufactured by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.
[0043]
By the way, in the crystal separation step, operation with a centrifugal force as high as possible is usually performed in order to reduce the moisture content of the crystal. However, according to the knowledge of the present inventors, since the hardness of the erythritol crystal is relatively high, when excessive centrifugal force is employed, the erythritol crystal is crushed due to collision with the inner wall surface of the centrifugal separator. . Therefore, in the present invention, after crystal separation is performed under a centrifugal force condition of 50 to 500 G, the erythritol crystal is washed by spraying with a wash water of 0.1 to 1 times by weight and 5 to 20 ° C. preferable.
[0044]
When the centrifugal force condition is less than 50G, the water content of the obtained erythritol crystals is too high, and the drying load in the subsequent process becomes large. Not only that, but the mother liquor does not shake out sufficiently and adheres to the product, leading to quality degradation. On the other hand, when the centrifugal force condition exceeds 500 G, the erythritol crystal is crushed by collision with the inner wall surface of the centrifugal separator. The preferable range of the centrifugation conditions is 100 to 300G.
[0045]
The amount and temperature of the washing water in the sprinkling washing are conditions determined from the viewpoint of preventing the dissolution loss of erythritol crystals and obtaining a sufficient washing effect under the relatively small centrifugal conditions as described above. . That is, when the amount of washing water used is less than 0.1 times by weight, the washing effect is insufficient and high-purity erythritol crystals cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the amount of washing water used exceeds 1 weight times or when the temperature of the washing water exceeds 20 ° C., the dissolution loss of erythritol crystals is large and not economical. The preferred amount of washing water is 0.2 to 0.5 times by weight with respect to the erythritol crystals, and the preferred temperature of the washing water is 10 to 20 ° C.
[0046]
The drying step is a step intended to remove water in the erythritol crystals recovered from the crystallization step, and usually a fluidized bed dryer is preferably used. The above sieving step is a step aimed at removing large-diameter products, and usually a 1000 or 1190 mm mesh vibration sieving apparatus is suitably used.
[0047]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention still in detail, this invention is not limited to a following example, unless the summary is exceeded.
[0048]
Example 1
To a medium containing 300 g / L of anhydrous crystalline glucose (as glucose) and 10 g / L of yeast extract, Moniliella tomentosa bar polynis was added and cultured with shaking at 35 ° C. for 48 hours to obtain a seed medium (A). Then, 1.2 L of the above seed medium (A) is added to 600 L of medium containing 300 g / L of anhydrous crystalline glucose (as glucose) and 37 g / L of corn stapling liquor, the aeration rate is 300 L / min, the stirring speed is 300 rpm, and the temperature is increased. The seed medium (B) was obtained by culturing at 35 ° C. and a pressure of 1.0 kg / cm 2 G for 48 hours. Next, 600 L of the above seed medium (B) is added to 30 m 3 of a medium containing 400 g / L of anhydrous crystalline glucose (as glucose) and 15 g / L of corn stapling liquor, the aeration rate is 15 m 3 / min, the stirring speed is 100 rpm, and the temperature. Culturing was performed at 35 ° C. and a pressure of 1.0 kg / cm 2 G for 90 hours, and when the glucose was completely removed, the cultivation was stopped. And after heat-sterilizing immediately, the microbial cell was isolate | separated on the following conditions by the crossflow filtration method using a ceramic membrane.
[0049]
That is, first, as microbial cell concentration filtration, after supplying 6 m 3 of the erythritol-containing culture solution heated to about 70 ° C. to the circulation tank (1) of the microbial cell separation step (cross flow filtration device) shown in FIG. When the pump (2) is driven, circulation of the culture solution returning to the circulation tank (1) again through the filtration membrane (3) and the heat exchanger (6) is started, and the clarified liquid (filtrate) permeated through the filtration membrane (3) ) Was received in the filtrate receiving tank (5). At this time, the circulating fluid temperature was adjusted to about 70 ° C., the circulating flow rate was adjusted to 5 m / s, and the transmembrane pressure difference was adjusted to 1 kg / cm 2 . As a result, the average permeation flow rate was 130 L / m 2 · Hr.
[0050]
Next, as hydrofiltration, when the clarified liquid in the filtrate receiving tank (5) reaches 24 m 3 , water is continuously added to the concentrated liquid 6 m 3 in the circulation tank (1) while keeping the liquid level constant. In the same manner as described above, the clarified liquid (filtrate) was received in the filtrate receiving tank (5). The supplied water was heated to about 70 ° C. necessary before being supplied to the circulation tank (1). The total amount of feed water was 18 m 3 , and the clarified liquid (filtrate) received in the filtrate receiving tank (5) by hydrofiltration was 18 m 3 in total.
[0051]
Then, as an additional concentration filtration, after the supply of the water was stopped, the same circulation operation as described above was performed, and the clarified liquid (filtrate) was received in the filtrate receiving tank (5). Then, the additional concentration filtration was terminated when the permeation flow rate decreased to about 50 L / m 2 · Hr, and the crossflow filtration device was washed and regenerated for the next cell separation. The total amount of the clarified liquid (filtrate) received in the filtrate receiving tank (5) by additional concentration filtration was 2 m 3 .
[0052]
The clarified liquid obtained by each of the above operations was 44 m 3 in total, and contained erythritol 121 g / L and glycerin 0.3 g / L.
[0053]
Next, 44 m 3 of the clarified liquid is passed through a tower packed with Na type of a carboxylic acid type weak cation exchange resin (trade name Diaion WK-20, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and hardness components such as Ca and Mg are converted into Na ions. Exchanged. At this time, the temperature of the clarified liquid was maintained at 70 ° C.
[0054]
Subsequently, it concentrated until the melt | dissolution solid content density | concentration became 40 weight% (primary concentration). As the concentrating device, a quadruple effect can provided with a shell and tube in the falling film forming part was used. The operating pressure was 74 to 220 torr, and the liquid temperature was 46 to 70 ° C. At this time, no foaming of the liquid was observed at the time of concentration under reduced pressure, and the concentration operation could be performed stably.
[0055]
Next, from the top of a separation tower (diameter 2000 mm × height 7000 mm) packed with 22 m 3 of Na-type resin of divinylbenzene-crosslinked polystyrene sulfonic acid (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, trade name Diaion UBK-550), the above concentrated liquid ( 1.44 m 3 was supplied at a temperature of 70 ° C. The temperature of the separation tower was maintained at 70 ° C., and the supply rate of the concentrate was 11.6 m 3 / hr.
[0056]
Subsequently, water was continuously supplied from the top of the tower at the same speed, and the water was divided into two fractions, a front stage and a rear stage, with an effluent bed volume of 0.54 as a boundary. The liquid volume of the fraction was 4.8 m 3 in the former stage and 3.4 m 3 in the latter stage. And erythritol and glycerin were collect | recovered as an effluent of a back | latter stage. This operation was repeated 10 times to obtain a total of 34 m 3 as the latter stage effluent. The liquid composition had an erythritol concentration of 96.5 g / L, a glycerin concentration of 0.2 g / L, and an unknown concentration of 2.0 g / L.
[0057]
Next, in accordance with a conventional method, a tower filled with an H-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, trade name: Diaion SK1B), and an OH type weakly basic anion exchange resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, trade name: Diaion WA30) are packed. The above-mentioned latter stage effluent is sequentially treated in a mixed bed tower packed with the above-mentioned tower and the H-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin and the OH-type strongly basic anion exchange resin (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Diaion PA408). did. Prior to supplying the latter effluent to the H-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin tower, crystallization mother liquor 8m 3 containing washing water generated from a crystal separation step (centrifugation device) described later was mixed in advance. . This is because the erythritol contained therein is recovered by circulating the crystallization mother liquor as described above. Subsequently, 3.4 kg of powdered activated carbon was added to the obtained treatment liquid and stirred for 30 minutes, and then the activated carbon was filtered to obtain a filtrate.
[0058]
Next, the above filtrate was concentrated (secondary concentration) at 70 ° C. under reduced pressure until the dissolved solid content concentration became 53 wt% (erythritol concentration: 48.0 wt%). As the concentrating device, a quadruple effect can provided with a shell and tube in the falling film forming part was used. The operating pressure was 74 to 220 torr, and the liquid temperature was 46 to 70 ° C. At this time, no foaming of the liquid was observed at the time of concentration under reduced pressure, and the concentration operation could be performed stably.
[0059]
Subsequently, the above-mentioned concentrated solution at 70 ° C. is gradually cooled to 15 ° C. at a rate of 7.5 ° C./Hr, and 380 g (deposition) at the stage of 42 ° C. (temperature difference from the saturation temperature: −3 ° C.) during the cooling. Crystals were grown by adding seed crystals at a ratio of 0.01% by weight to the crystals to obtain erythritol crystal-containing slurry.
[0060]
Next, the product “Contabex” manufactured by Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. is used as the centrifuge, and the 167G centrifugal condition is used and the washing water at 15 ° C. is 0.2 times the weight of the wet erythritol crystal. The crystals were separated and washed. That is, the erythritol crystal-containing slurry was dispersed in the circumferential direction of the filtration surface and sprinkled and washed while separating the crystals while colliding with the filtration surface. And erythritol crystal | crystallization 3.5Ton was obtained. The purity of the erythritol crystal was 99.9%, and the water content was 2.47% by weight. The crystallization mother liquor containing the washing water was once recovered in a tank for recovering erythritol.
[0061]
Thereafter, the erythritol crystal was dried. As a result of measuring the average particle diameter, it was 750 μm, and it was found from the comparison with the average particle diameter before centrifugation (750 μm) that there was no crystal crushing. The crystal shape was mainly a single crystal. Moreover, about the clarified liquid obtained from said softening process, the measurement of the light absorbency and the culture test were done by the method mentioned later. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0062]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, an erythritol crystal was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the softening step was changed from 70 ° C. to 25 ° C. In this case, the pressure loss of the treatment liquid supply pump of the resin tower in the softening step has gradually increased. This was due to contamination with bacteria. Moreover, about the clarified liquid obtained from said softening process, an absorbance measurement and a culture test were performed similarly to Example 1, and a result is shown in Table 1.
[0063]
Comparative Example 2
In Example 1, an erythritol crystal was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the softening process was changed from 70 ° C. to 45 ° C. About the clarified liquid obtained from said softening process, an absorbance measurement and a culture test were performed similarly to Example 1, and the result is shown in Table 1.
[0064]
Comparative Example 3
In Example 1, erythritol crystals were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the temperature of the softening process was changed from 70 ° C to 95 ° C. About the clarified liquid obtained from said softening process, an absorbance measurement and a culture test were performed similarly to Example 1, and the result is shown in Table 1.
[0065]
(1) Measurement of absorbance:
Using a spectrophotometer (“UVIDEC-340” manufactured by JASCO Corporation), the absorbance by a 1 cm quartz cell was measured at a wavelength of 420 nm.
[0066]
(2) Culture test:
The aseptically collected sample was stored in a thermostatic bath at 25 ° C. for one day and night, and the growth of various bacteria was visually observed.
[0067]
[Table 1]
[0068]
The miscellaneous bacteria in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 shown in Table 1 were miscellaneous bacteria in which molds were mainly spherical.
[0069]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the manufacturing method of the high purity erythritol crystal | crystallization which fully suppressed mixing and propagation of various bacteria is provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual explanatory diagram of a preferable cell separation step in the present invention.
1: circulation tank 2: pump 3: filtration membrane 4: separation element 5: filtrate receiving tank 6: heat exchanger
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29028697A JP4103159B2 (en) | 1997-10-07 | 1997-10-07 | Method for producing high purity erythritol crystals |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29028697A JP4103159B2 (en) | 1997-10-07 | 1997-10-07 | Method for producing high purity erythritol crystals |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11103882A JPH11103882A (en) | 1999-04-20 |
| JP4103159B2 true JP4103159B2 (en) | 2008-06-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP29028697A Expired - Lifetime JP4103159B2 (en) | 1997-10-07 | 1997-10-07 | Method for producing high purity erythritol crystals |
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| JP (1) | JP4103159B2 (en) |
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