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JP4107566B2 - Hydrogen separation and purification equipment - Google Patents
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JP4107566B2 - Hydrogen separation and purification equipment - Google Patents

Hydrogen separation and purification equipment Download PDF

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JP4107566B2
JP4107566B2 JP2002110788A JP2002110788A JP4107566B2 JP 4107566 B2 JP4107566 B2 JP 4107566B2 JP 2002110788 A JP2002110788 A JP 2002110788A JP 2002110788 A JP2002110788 A JP 2002110788A JP 4107566 B2 JP4107566 B2 JP 4107566B2
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solvent
organic hydride
hydrogen
container
aromatic hydrocarbon
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JP2003306312A (en
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勝 市川
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、有機ハイドライドの脱水素反応又は芳香族炭化水素の水素化反応による水素発生装置用の水素の分離精製装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
触媒によるシクロヘキサンやデカリン等の有機ハイドライドの脱水素反応を利用して、燃料電池システム向けの水素の貯蔵・供給装置とすることは、特開2001−110437号公報、特開2001−198469号公報で知られている。
【0003】
上記の、有機ハイドライドを利用した水素供給装置は、一定の反応温度を供給する反応容器において有機ハイドライドを触媒に接触させて、水素及び気体状の芳香族炭化水素に改質し、生成する水素及び芳香族炭化水素及び未転化有機ハイドライドの混合ガス(以下、「混合ガス」という。)から、冷却分離器や水素分離膜などの分離手段により、水素を選択的に分離し、固体高分子形燃料電池の燃料として利用するものである。
【0004】
しかし、上記の冷却分離器による芳香族炭化水素及び未転化有機ハイドライドの凝縮分離では、香族炭化水素及び未転化有機ハイドライドの凝縮温度以下の水冷器に混合ガスを接触させて気液分離するため、熱交換された熱エネルギーの有効な利用方法がない限り、エネルギー損失の大きな要因となっている。
【0005】
また、水素分離膜による水素の選択分離では、分離材料として、1nm〜10μmの膜厚で特徴付けられるPd膜、PdとAgの合金膜(Ag−Pd膜)、1nm〜100μmの膜厚で特徴付けられるゼオライト膜や多孔質シリカ膜等のような水素分離膜、ポリイミド等のような高分子分離膜、ゼオライト、メソ多孔質材、フェルト状活性炭、ハニカム状活性炭、カーボンナノチューブ等の水素吸着作用で水素と分離する吸着材等が利用されるが、分離材料自体が高価な素材であることや、分離効率の面から、実用上の制約があった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、かかる有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の運転効率の向上にかかる問題点に鑑み、混合ガスの熱エネルギー損失を低減するとともに、容易かつ効率的に水素のみを分離精製する有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製方法及び水素分離精製装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本願発明者は、上記課題を実現すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、有機ハイドライド及び芳香族炭化水素の混合ガスを、有機ハイドライド及び芳香族炭化水素を溶解する溶剤に接触させることで、有機ハイドライド及び芳香族炭化水素が該溶剤に吸収され、水素が分離できることを見出し、上記課題に対応した、有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製方法及び水素分離精製装置を発明するに至った。
【0013】
本発明は、脱水素触媒を利用した有機ハイドライドの脱水素化反応により生成する水素、芳香族炭化水素及び未転化有機ハイドライドを主成分とする混合ガスを、芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤を浸潤させた充てん物を有する容器に導入し、該充てん物に通気し、該溶剤と気液接触させて、混合ガス中の芳香族炭化水素及び未転化有機ハイドライドを該溶剤に吸収させて分離し、水素を捕集することを特徴とする有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製装置を提供する。
【0014】
また、気液接触のための容器は、複数の気液接触容器により構成される回分式気液接触容器である前記の有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製装置を提供する。
【0015】
また、本発明は、芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤の収容容器又は導通経路に、該溶剤の温度を該溶剤の沸点温度以下に保つための温度制御手段をさらに備える前記の有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製装置を提供する。
【0016】
また、本発明は、芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤の収容容器又は導通経路に、該溶剤の蒸気圧を0.1気圧以下、さらに好ましくは0.01気圧以下に保つための温度制御手段をさらに備える前記の有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製装置を提供する。
【0017】
また、本発明は、芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤を、脱水素化反応させる原料の一部又は全部として供給する手段を備える前記の有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製装置を提供する。
【0019】
また、本発明は、芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤が、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、デカリン、メチルナフタレン、メチルデカリン等の有機ハイドライド溶剤、又はシリコーン油ないしは化学修飾シリコーン油である前記の有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製装置を提供する。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、脱水素触媒を利用した有機ハイドライドの脱水素化反応により生成する水素、芳香族炭化水素及び未転化有機ハイドライドを主成分とする混合ガスを、芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤を浸潤させた充てん物を有する容器に導入し、該充てん物に通気し、該溶剤と気液接触させて、混合ガス中の芳香族炭化水素及び未転化有機ハイドライドを該溶剤に吸収させて、該溶剤には溶解しない水素を捕集する水素分離精製方法である。
【0021】
脱水素化触媒を利用した有機ハイドライドの脱水素化反応容器内は、概25〜400℃、好ましくは概50〜350℃、さらに好ましくは概100〜300℃に保たれ、圧力は概0.1〜50気圧、好ましくは概0.5〜15気圧、さらに好ましくは概1〜10気圧に保たれ、貯留タンクより供給された液体状の有機ハイドライドが脱水素触媒に供給されて、水素と芳香族炭化水素とに改質するとともに、未反応の有機ハイドライドとの混合ガスが生成する。
【0022】
脱水素化反応容器の出口から上記の混合ガスを導出し、芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤に十分に気液接触させることで、混合ガス内の芳香族炭化水素及び未転化の有機ハイドライドが該溶剤内に溶解し、一方、水素は該溶剤に溶解しないために、気体状態で分離精製される。
【0023】
通常の冷却分離機によれば、概10℃程度の水を冷媒として、上記混合ガスを接触させて、芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを凝縮し液体として水素と分離する方法となり、大きな熱エネルギーの損失を伴うが、本発明によれば該溶剤の温度は、該溶剤の沸点以下の温度であればよく、例えばデカリンを溶剤として利用したときは、デカリンの沸点温度195.7℃(シス体)又は185.5℃(トランス体)と、比較的に混合ガスの出口温度に近いため、熱エネルギーの損出をより低減することができる。
【0024】
さらには、芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤を、脱水素化反応させる原料である有機ハイドライドに混合することで、該溶剤に溶解した有機ハイドライドを再利用することができるとともに、原料の予熱することができるため、脱水素触媒に該原料が接触することで生じる気化熱の損失を低減することができ、脱水素化反応容器への熱供給量を削減することができる。
【0025】
また、本発明の如く、芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤を、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、デカリン、メチルナフタレン、メチルデカリン等の有機ハイドライド溶剤、又はシリコーン油ないしは化学修飾シリコーン油とすれば、溶剤自体が脱水素原料となるために、前記の構成を有する方法又は装置により、効率的かつシンプルな方法又は装置で水素を分離精製し、利用することができる。
【0026】
本願発明者の研究によれば、上記の溶剤かつ原料としてデカリンを用いた場合、該溶剤かつ原料の少なくとも85重量%まで脱水素した芳香族炭化水素となっても、脱水素反応容器から発生するデカリン当たりの水素発生量には大きな変化は見られず、また水素の精製・分離効率も維持されて、極めて好適に水素を得ることができた。
【0027】
また、該溶剤への混合ガスの接触を連続して実施することにより、該溶剤の温度は混合ガスの温度付近まで漸次上昇し、該溶剤の沸点以上の温度に上昇すると、該溶剤の気体状ガスが水素に混入する。また同様に、該溶剤の飽和蒸気圧の上昇に伴い、該溶剤が気化し水素に混入する。このため、本発明の如く、水素に該溶剤が混入することを防止するために所定の温度に制御することができる。
【0028】
この場合、該溶剤の温度制御の方法は、該溶剤の収容容器又は導通経路に熱交換用の装置を配設し、空冷又は水等の冷媒による冷却を行うことが望ましい。冷却方法としては、該溶媒の温度に応じた冷却を行える方法であれば、いずれの方法でもよい。
【0029】
ただし、上記の冷却手段を講じても、微量に水素以外の溶剤成分が混入する可能性があり、かつ該溶剤成分が、固体高分子形燃料電池等の水素利用システムの運転に支障を及ぼす可能性があるときは、さらに水を貯蔵した容器等を利用して、該溶剤との接触を経て分離された水素を水中にばっ気して、完全に芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライド成分を取り除くことができる。
【0030】
上記の水中での水素ばっ気は、固体高分子形燃料電池等の水素利用システムで必要とされる水の補給手段(プロトン伝導膜の加湿)ともなるために、該溶剤との接触を経て分離された水素に対して実施することで好適な効果を発揮する。
【0031】
図1から図4は、参考例および本発明の実施の形態の水素分離精製装置を模式的に示したものである。
【0032】
図1は水素分離精製装置の参考例を説明する図であり、芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤を貯留する貯留タンクに所定量貯留された溶剤に浸漬する部位に1つ以上設置した噴出口より、パイプ等で導入された混合ガスを噴出させる。混合ガス中の芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドは該溶剤中に溶解し、一方、該溶剤に溶解しない水素は容器上部等溶剤に浸漬しない部位に設けられた水素導出口より導出され、固体高分子形燃料電池等の水素利用システムに供給される。
【0033】
図1では、溶剤容器中に混合ガス供給パイプが挿入されているが、当然に容器側面部や底面部から該容器中の溶剤に混合ガスを吹き込んでもよい。また、公知の気泡塔反応形式の装置を用いてもよい。
【0034】
図2は、本発明の他の参考例である。図2において、脱水素反応させる原料を貯蔵する原料容器中で所定量貯留された原料に浸漬する部位に1つ以上設置した噴出口より、パイプ等で導入された混合ガスを噴出させる。混合ガス中の芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドは該原料中に溶解し、一方、該溶剤に溶解しない水素は容器上部等溶剤に浸漬しない部位に設けられた水素導出口より導出され、固体高分子形燃料電池等の水素利用システムに供給される。
【0035】
図2では、原料供給パイプが原料容器の底部に設置されているが、当然に脱水素反応容器のレイアウトに応じて排泄することができる。また、原料は自重で供給されてもよいし、ポンプ等で吸引し圧送して供給されてもよい。
【0036】
図3は、本発明の他の参考例を示したものである。図3において、気液接触容器中に1つ以上設置した噴出口より、香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤をシャワー状又はスプレー状に噴霧し、溶剤に浸漬しない部位に設置された導入口より吹き込まれた混合ガスと該容器中にて接触させる。混合ガス中の芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドは該原料中に溶解し、一方、該溶剤に溶解しない水素は容器上部等に設けられた水素導出口より導出され、固体高分子形燃料電池等の水素利用システムに供給される。
【0038】
図4は、本発明の実施例を示したものである。図4において、気液接触容器中に1つ以上設置した噴出口より、香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤をシャワー状又はスプレー状に噴霧し、通気性の充てん物に溶剤を浸潤させ、溶剤に浸漬しない部位に設置された導入口より吹き込まれた混合ガスを該充てん物に通気して該容器中にて接触させる。混合ガス中の芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドは該原料中に溶解し、一方、該溶剤に溶解しない水素は容器上部等に設けられた水素導出口より導出され、固体高分子形燃料電池等の水素利用システムに供給される。
【0039】
本願発明は、図4に示される形態のみならず、公知のいわゆる充てん塔吸収反応形式のいずれの装置を用いてもよい。
【0040】
また、本発明の水素分離精製装置の気液接触のための容器が、同様の構成を有する複数の容器により回分方の気液接触容器とすることができる。同様の反応形式を多段階で連続的に処理する回分方式とすることで、香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを十分に溶解し、より純度の高い水素を得ることができる。
【0041】
本発明は、以上の発明の実施の形態に限定されることなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明の範囲内で、種々の変更が可能であり、それらも本発明の範囲内に包含されるものであることはいうまでもない。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明の有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製方法又は水素分離精製装置によれば、脱水素触媒による脱水素化反応により生成する水素、芳香族炭化水素および未転化有機ハイドライドを主成分とする混合ガスから、熱エネルギー損失を低減するとともに、容易かつ効率的に水素のみを分離精製することができ、水素発生装置全体での運転を特に高効率かつ安定的に行うことができる。このため、燃料電池システムの各方面への導入を促進し、地球環境問題への対応やエネルギー利用の適正化に資することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 溶剤中に混合ガスを気泡として噴出し有機ハイドライド及び芳香族炭化水素を溶剤に溶解し水素を分離精製を説明する参考例を示す図である。
【図2】 脱水素反応させる原料中に混合ガスを気泡として噴出し有機ハイドライド及び芳香族炭化水素を溶剤に溶解し水素を分離精製を説明する参考例を示す図である。
【図3】 シャワー状又はスプレー状の溶剤と混合ガスを接触させて有機ハイドライド及び芳香族炭化水素を溶剤に溶解し水素を分離精製を説明する参考例を示す図である。
【図4】 溶剤を浸潤させた充てん物に混合ガスを通気させて有機ハイドライド及び芳香族炭化水素を溶剤に溶解し水素を分離精製する本発明の実施例を説明する図である。
【符号の説明】
10 溶剤
11 溶剤容器
20 混合ガス導入パイプ
21 噴出された混合ガス気泡
30 水素導出パイプ
40 脱水素反応させる原料
41 原料容器
50 脱水素反応容器
51 脱水素触媒
52 原料供給部
60 溶剤噴出口
70 溶剤を浸潤させた充てん物
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating and purifying hydrogen for a hydrogen generator by dehydrogenation of organic hydride or hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A hydrogen storage / supply device for a fuel cell system using a catalyst by dehydrogenation of an organic hydride such as cyclohexane or decalin is disclosed in JP-A Nos. 2001-110437 and 2001-198469. Are known.
[0003]
In the hydrogen supply apparatus using the organic hydride, the organic hydride is brought into contact with the catalyst in a reaction vessel that supplies a constant reaction temperature, reformed into hydrogen and a gaseous aromatic hydrocarbon, Solid polymer fuel is obtained by selectively separating hydrogen from a mixed gas of aromatic hydrocarbon and unconverted organic hydride (hereinafter referred to as “mixed gas”) by a separation means such as a cooling separator or a hydrogen separation membrane. It is used as fuel for batteries.
[0004]
However, in the condensation separation of aromatic hydrocarbons and unconverted organic hydride by the above cooling separator, gas mixture is separated by bringing the mixed gas into contact with a water cooler below the condensation temperature of aromatic hydrocarbons and unconverted organic hydride. Unless there is an effective method of using the heat exchanged heat energy, it is a major cause of energy loss.
[0005]
In the selective separation of hydrogen by a hydrogen separation membrane, the separation material is characterized by a Pd film characterized by a film thickness of 1 nm to 10 μm, an alloy film of Pd and Ag (Ag-Pd film), and a film thickness of 1 nm to 100 μm. Hydrogen adsorption membrane such as zeolite membrane and porous silica membrane attached, polymer separation membrane such as polyimide, zeolite, mesoporous material, felt activated carbon, honeycomb activated carbon, carbon nanotube etc. Although an adsorbent that separates from hydrogen is used, there are practical limitations in view of the fact that the separation material itself is an expensive material and the separation efficiency.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to reduce the heat energy loss of a mixed gas and to easily and efficiently separate and purify only hydrogen in view of the problem related to the improvement of the operation efficiency of a hydrogen generator using such an organic hydride. An object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen separation and purification method and a hydrogen separation and purification device for a hydrogen generator using hydride.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventor of the present application, as a result of earnest research to realize the above-mentioned problems, brought a mixed gas of organic hydride and aromatic hydrocarbon into contact with a solvent that dissolves organic hydride and aromatic hydrocarbon, thereby allowing organic hydride and It has been found that aromatic hydrocarbons are absorbed by the solvent and hydrogen can be separated, and a hydrogen separation and purification method and a hydrogen separation and purification apparatus for a hydrogen generator using organic hydride, which correspond to the above problems, have been invented.
[0013]
The present invention dissolves aromatic hydrocarbons and organic hydrides in a mixed gas mainly composed of hydrogen, aromatic hydrocarbons and unconverted organic hydrides generated by a dehydrogenation reaction of organic hydrides using a dehydrogenation catalyst. It is introduced into a container having a filler infiltrated with a solvent, vented to the filler, brought into gas-liquid contact with the solvent, and the solvent absorbs the aromatic hydrocarbon and unconverted organic hydride in the mixed gas. Provided is a hydrogen separation and purification apparatus for a hydrogen generation apparatus using an organic hydride, characterized by separating and collecting hydrogen.
[0014]
Moreover, the container for gas-liquid contact provides the hydrogen separation and purification apparatus of the hydrogen generator using the said organic hydride which is a batch type gas-liquid contact container comprised by several gas-liquid contact containers.
[0015]
Further, the present invention provides the organic hydride further comprising a temperature control means for keeping the temperature of the solvent below the boiling point of the solvent in a container or a conduction path for the solvent dissolving the aromatic hydrocarbon and the organic hydride. Provided is a hydrogen separation and purification apparatus for a hydrogen generation apparatus utilizing the above.
[0016]
In addition, the present invention provides a temperature for maintaining the vapor pressure of the solvent at 0.1 atm or less, more preferably 0.01 atm or less in the container or the conduction path for the solvent for dissolving the aromatic hydrocarbon and organic hydride. Provided is a hydrogen separation and purification device for a hydrogen generator using the organic hydride, further comprising a control means.
[0017]
Further, the present invention provides a hydrogen separation and purification of a hydrogen generator using the organic hydride, comprising means for supplying a solvent for dissolving the aromatic hydrocarbon and the organic hydride as a part or all of a raw material to be dehydrogenated. Providing equipment.
[0019]
Further, the present invention is a solvent which dissolves the aromatic hydrocarbon and an organic hydride, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, decalin, methylnaphthalene, the organic is an organic hydride solvents, or silicone oils or chemical modifications silicone oils such as methyl decalin A hydrogen separation and purification device for a hydrogen generator using hydride is provided.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention dissolves aromatic hydrocarbons and organic hydrides in a mixed gas mainly composed of hydrogen, aromatic hydrocarbons and unconverted organic hydrides generated by a dehydrogenation reaction of organic hydrides using a dehydrogenation catalyst. introduced into a vessel having a packing infiltrated with solvents, vented to said charging Ten was in contact the solvent and gas-liquid, the aromatic hydrocarbons and unconverted organic hydride in the mixed gas is absorbed in the solvent The hydrogen separation and purification method collects hydrogen that does not dissolve in the solvent.
[0021]
The inside of the dehydration reaction vessel for organic hydride using a dehydrogenation catalyst is maintained at about 25 to 400 ° C, preferably about 50 to 350 ° C, more preferably about 100 to 300 ° C, and the pressure is about 0.1. -50 atm, preferably about 0.5 to 15 atm, more preferably about 1 to 10 atm, and the liquid organic hydride supplied from the storage tank is supplied to the dehydrogenation catalyst to generate hydrogen and aromatics. While reforming to hydrocarbons, a mixed gas with unreacted organic hydride is generated.
[0022]
By deriving the above mixed gas from the outlet of the dehydrogenation reaction vessel and sufficiently bringing it into gas-liquid contact with a solvent that dissolves the aromatic hydrocarbon and organic hydride, the aromatic hydrocarbon in the mixed gas and the unconverted organic Hydride dissolves in the solvent, while hydrogen does not dissolve in the solvent, so that it is separated and purified in a gaseous state.
[0023]
According to an ordinary cooling separator, water having a temperature of about 10 ° C. is used as a refrigerant, the above mixed gas is brought into contact, and the aromatic hydrocarbon and organic hydride are condensed and separated from hydrogen as a liquid. Although there is a loss, according to the present invention, the temperature of the solvent may be a temperature below the boiling point of the solvent. For example, when decalin is used as a solvent, the boiling point of decalin is 195.7 ° C. (cis form). Or since it is 185.5 degreeC (transformer body) and it is comparatively close to the exit temperature of mixed gas, loss of thermal energy can be reduced more.
[0024]
Further, a solvent which dissolves the Fang aromatic hydrocarbons and organic hydride, by mixing the organic hydride as a raw material to react dehydrogenation, it is possible to reuse the organic hydride dissolved in the solvent, starting material Therefore, the loss of heat of vaporization caused by the contact of the raw material with the dehydrogenation catalyst can be reduced, and the amount of heat supplied to the dehydrogenation reaction vessel can be reduced.
[0025]
Further, as in the present invention, if the solvent for dissolving the aromatic hydrocarbon and organic hydride is an organic hydride solvent such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, decalin, methylnaphthalene, methyldecalin, or silicone oil or chemically modified silicone oil, Since the solvent itself becomes a dehydrogenation raw material, hydrogen can be separated and purified by an efficient and simple method or apparatus and used by the method or apparatus having the above-described configuration .
[0026]
According to the research of the present inventor, when decalin is used as the above solvent and raw material, even if it is an aromatic hydrocarbon dehydrogenated to at least 85% by weight of the solvent and raw material, it is generated from the dehydrogenation reaction vessel. There was no significant change in the amount of hydrogen generated per decalin, and the hydrogen purification / separation efficiency was maintained, so that hydrogen could be obtained very suitably.
[0027]
Further, by continuously contacting the mixed gas with the solvent, the temperature of the solvent gradually increases to near the temperature of the mixed gas, and when the temperature rises above the boiling point of the solvent, the gaseous state of the solvent Gas mixes with hydrogen. Similarly, as the saturated vapor pressure of the solvent increases, the solvent is vaporized and mixed into hydrogen. Therefore, as in the present invention , the temperature can be controlled to a predetermined temperature in order to prevent the solvent from being mixed into hydrogen.
[0028]
In this case, as a method for controlling the temperature of the solvent, it is desirable to dispose a heat exchange device in the container or the conduction path of the solvent and perform cooling with air or a coolant such as water. As a cooling method, any method may be used as long as it can perform cooling according to the temperature of the solvent.
[0029]
However, even if the above cooling means is taken, there is a possibility that a solvent component other than hydrogen may be mixed in a trace amount, and this solvent component may interfere with the operation of a hydrogen utilization system such as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. When there is a property, further remove the aromatic hydrocarbon and organic hydride components by aeration of the hydrogen separated through contact with the solvent into water using a container etc. that stores water. Can do.
[0030]
The above-described hydrogen aeration in water also serves as a means for supplying water (humidification of the proton conducting membrane) required for hydrogen utilization systems such as polymer electrolyte fuel cells, so it is separated through contact with the solvent. A suitable effect is exhibited by carrying out with respect to the generated hydrogen.
[0031]
1 to 4 schematically show a hydrogen separation and purification apparatus according to a reference example and an embodiment of the present invention.
[0032]
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a reference example of a hydrogen separation and purification apparatus, and at least one is installed in a portion immersed in a solvent stored in a predetermined amount in a storage tank storing a solvent for dissolving aromatic hydrocarbons and organic hydrides. The mixed gas introduced by a pipe or the like is ejected from the ejection port. Aromatic hydrocarbons and organic hydrides in the mixed gas are dissolved in the solvent, while hydrogen that does not dissolve in the solvent is derived from a hydrogen outlet provided in a portion not immersed in the solvent, such as the upper part of the container, and is a solid polymer. Supplied to a hydrogen utilization system such as a fuel cell.
[0033]
In FIG. 1, the mixed gas supply pipe is inserted into the solvent container, but naturally the mixed gas may be blown into the solvent in the container from the side or bottom of the container. Also, a known bubble column reaction type apparatus may be used.
[0034]
FIG. 2 shows another reference example of the present invention. In FIG. 2, a mixed gas introduced by a pipe or the like is ejected from one or more jet outlets installed in a portion immersed in the raw material stored in a predetermined amount in the raw material container for storing the raw material to be dehydrogenated. Aromatic hydrocarbons and organic hydrides in the mixed gas dissolve in the raw material, while hydrogen that does not dissolve in the solvent is derived from a hydrogen outlet provided in a portion not immersed in the solvent, such as the upper part of the container, and is a solid polymer. Supplied to a hydrogen utilization system such as a fuel cell.
[0035]
In FIG. 2, the raw material supply pipe is installed at the bottom of the raw material container, but naturally it can be excreted according to the layout of the dehydrogenation reaction container. In addition, the raw material may be supplied by its own weight, or may be supplied by being sucked and pumped by a pump or the like.
[0036]
FIG. 3 shows another reference example of the present invention . In FIG. 3, a solvent that dissolves aromatic hydrocarbons and organic hydrides is sprayed in a shower form or spray form from one or more spouts installed in a gas-liquid contact container, and is installed at a site that is not immersed in the solvent. The mixed gas blown from the mouth is brought into contact with the container. Aromatic hydrocarbons and organic hydrides in the mixed gas are dissolved in the raw material, while hydrogen that does not dissolve in the solvent is led out from a hydrogen outlet provided in the upper part of the container, etc. Supplied to the hydrogen utilization system.
[0038]
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the present invention . In FIG. 4, a solvent that dissolves aromatic hydrocarbons and organic hydrides is sprayed in the form of a shower or spray from one or more jet nozzles installed in a gas-liquid contact container, and the solvent is infiltrated into the air-permeable filler. Then, the mixed gas blown from the introduction port installed in the portion not immersed in the solvent is passed through the filler and brought into contact with the container. Aromatic hydrocarbons and organic hydrides in the mixed gas are dissolved in the raw material, while hydrogen that does not dissolve in the solvent is led out from a hydrogen outlet provided in the upper part of the container, etc. Supplied to the hydrogen utilization system.
[0039]
The present invention may use not only the form shown in FIG. 4 but also any known so-called packed tower absorption reaction type apparatus.
[0040]
Further, the container for gas-liquid contact of the hydrogen separation and purification apparatus of the present invention can be a batch-type gas-liquid contact container by a plurality of containers having the same configuration . By adopting a batch system in which the same reaction mode is continuously processed in multiple stages, aromatic hydrocarbons and organic hydrides can be sufficiently dissolved, and hydrogen with higher purity can be obtained.
[0041]
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention described in the claims, and these are also included in the scope of the present invention. Needless to say, it is something.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
According to the hydrogen separation / purification method or the hydrogen separation / purification apparatus of the hydrogen generator using the organic hydride of the present invention, the main components are hydrogen, aromatic hydrocarbons and unconverted organic hydride generated by the dehydrogenation reaction by the dehydrogenation catalyst. In addition to reducing the heat energy loss from the mixed gas, it is possible to separate and purify only hydrogen easily and efficiently, and the operation of the entire hydrogen generator can be performed particularly efficiently and stably. For this reason, introduction of the fuel cell system into various fields can be promoted, which can contribute to the response to global environmental problems and the optimization of energy use.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a reference example for explaining separation and purification of hydrogen by jetting a mixed gas into a solvent as bubbles and dissolving organic hydride and aromatic hydrocarbon in the solvent .
FIG. 2 is a view showing a reference example for explaining separation and purification of hydrogen by jetting a mixed gas as bubbles in a raw material to be dehydrogenated and dissolving organic hydride and aromatic hydrocarbon in a solvent .
FIG. 3 is a view showing a reference example for explaining separation and purification of hydrogen by bringing a mixed gas into contact with a shower-like or spray-like solvent to dissolve organic hydride and aromatic hydrocarbons in the solvent .
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of the present invention in which a mixed gas is passed through a filler infiltrated with a solvent to dissolve organic hydride and aromatic hydrocarbon in the solvent to separate and purify hydrogen .
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Solvent 11 Solvent container 20 Mixed gas introduction pipe 21 Jetted mixed gas bubble 30 Hydrogen outlet pipe 40 Raw material 41 to perform dehydrogenation reaction Raw material container 50 Dehydrogenation reaction container 51 Dehydrogenation catalyst 52 Raw material supply part 60 Solvent outlet 70 Solvent Infiltrated filler

Claims (7)

脱水素触媒を利用した有機ハイドライドの脱水素化反応により生成する水素、芳香族炭化水素及び未転化有機ハイドライドを主成分とする混合ガスを、芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤を浸潤させた充てん物を有する容器に導入し、該充てん物に通気し、該溶剤と気液接触させて、混合ガス中の芳香族炭化水素及び未転化有機ハイドライドを該溶剤に吸収させて分離し、水素を捕集することを特徴とする有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製装置。  A mixed gas composed mainly of hydrogen, aromatic hydrocarbons, and unconverted organic hydride generated by the dehydrogenation reaction of organic hydride using a dehydrogenation catalyst is infiltrated with a solvent that dissolves the aromatic hydrocarbon and organic hydride. Introduced into a container having a filled material, vented to the filled material, brought into gas-liquid contact with the solvent, and the aromatic hydrocarbon and unconverted organic hydride in the mixed gas were absorbed into the solvent and separated. A hydrogen separation and purification device for a hydrogen generator using organic hydride, characterized in that 気液接触のための容器は、複数の気液接触容器により構成される回分式気液接触容器であることを特徴とする請求項に記載の有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製装置。2. The hydrogen separation and purification of a hydrogen generator using an organic hydride according to claim 1 , wherein the container for gas-liquid contact is a batch-type gas-liquid contact container constituted by a plurality of gas-liquid contact containers. apparatus. 芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤の収容容器又は導通経路に、該溶剤の温度を該溶剤の沸点温度以下に保つための温度制御手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製装置。The container or conductive path solvent which dissolves the aromatic hydrocarbons and organic hydride, to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a temperature control means for maintaining the temperature of said solvent below the boiling temperature of the solvent A hydrogen separation and purification apparatus for a hydrogen generator using the organic hydride described. 芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤の収容容器又は導通経路に、該溶剤の蒸気圧を0.1気圧以下に保つための温度制御手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製装置。The container for the solvent for dissolving the aromatic hydrocarbon and the organic hydride or the conduction path is provided with a temperature control means for keeping the vapor pressure of the solvent at 0.1 atm or less . A hydrogen separation and purification device of a hydrogen generator using the organic hydride according to any one of the above. 前記溶剤の蒸気圧を0.01気圧以下に保つための温度制御手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項4記載の有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製装置。5. The hydrogen separation and purification apparatus for a hydrogen generator using an organic hydride according to claim 4, further comprising temperature control means for maintaining the vapor pressure of the solvent at 0.01 atm or less. 芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤を、脱水素化反応させる原料の一部又は全部として供給する手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製装置。The organic hydride according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , further comprising means for supplying a solvent for dissolving the aromatic hydrocarbon and the organic hydride as a part or all of a raw material to be dehydrogenated. Hydrogen separation and purification equipment for hydrogen generators using 芳香族炭化水素及び有機ハイドライドを溶解する溶剤が、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、デカリン、メチルナフタレン、メチルデカリンから選ばれる有機ハイドライド溶剤、又はシリコーン油ないしは化学修飾シリコーン油であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の有機ハイドライドを利用した水素発生装置の水素分離精製装置。 Claim to a solvent which dissolves the aromatic hydrocarbon and an organic hydride, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, decalin, characterized in that methyl naphthalene, an organic hydride solvents, or silicone oils or chemically modified silicone oil selected from methyl decalin 1 A hydrogen separation and purification device for a hydrogen generator using the organic hydride according to any one of -6.
JP2002110788A 2002-04-12 2002-04-12 Hydrogen separation and purification equipment Expired - Fee Related JP4107566B2 (en)

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