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JP4110707B2 - Galvanized steel sheet with excellent perforation resistance and press workability - Google Patents
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JP4110707B2 - Galvanized steel sheet with excellent perforation resistance and press workability - Google Patents

Galvanized steel sheet with excellent perforation resistance and press workability Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4110707B2
JP4110707B2 JP2000157863A JP2000157863A JP4110707B2 JP 4110707 B2 JP4110707 B2 JP 4110707B2 JP 2000157863 A JP2000157863 A JP 2000157863A JP 2000157863 A JP2000157863 A JP 2000157863A JP 4110707 B2 JP4110707 B2 JP 4110707B2
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zinc phosphate
mass
zinc
steel sheet
coating
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JP2001073163A (en
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尚匡 中小路
京子 浜原
一雄 望月
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/023Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
    • C23C28/025Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、特に自動車車体として用いる亜鉛めっき鋼板であって、他の性能を犠牲にすることなく、電着塗装後の耐穴あき性およびプレス加工性を格段に向上させた亜鉛めっき鋼板に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
亜鉛系のめっきを施した鋼板は、自動車車体の車体強度が長期間の腐食環境下での使用によって低下するのを防ぐために広く使用されており、わが国においては、主として亜鉛系合金めっきである亜鉛−ニッケル合金めっき鋼板と亜鉛−鉄合金めっき鋼板が使用されている。
【0003】
これら亜鉛系合金めっきは、亜鉛とNiやFeを合金化させることによって、高耐食性を鋼板に付与することができるものの、合金化による次に示す生産上の問題点がある。
【0004】
亜鉛−ニッケル合金めっき鋼板は、電気めっき法によって製造されるが、Niが高価であるためコストが高くなり、また、Ni含有量を極めて狭い範囲(通常12±1質量%)に制御せねばならず製造し難いという問題点がある。
【0005】
亜鉛−鉄合金めっき鋼板は、電気めっき法と溶融めっき法のいずれかの方法によって製造することができるが、一般には、溶融めっき法によって製造されることが多い。
【0006】
しかしながら、亜鉛−鉄合金めっき鋼板を電気めっき法によって製造する場合には、上述した亜鉛−ニッケル合金めっき鋼板と同様に亜鉛めっき層中の鉄含有率を極めて狭い範囲に制御する合金制御が困難であることに加えて、めっき液中のFe2+イオンが酸化しやすく、これによりめっきが不安定となり製造に困難が伴い、結果的にコストが高くなるという問題がある。
【0007】
また、亜鉛−鉄合金めっき鋼板を溶融めっき法によって製造する場合には、鋼板表面に溶融した亜鉛を被着させた後に、高温に保持して鋼板と亜鉛を合金化させる必要があるが、合金化させるための温度及び時間や溶融亜鉛めっき浴中のAlの影響などによって、均一な合金めっき層を製造することが困難であり品質が安定せず、さらに、これらの結果として、コストが高くなる。
【0008】
以上示したように、亜鉛系合金めっきは、製造が困難であり、さらにコストが高くなるという問題を有している。
【0009】
一方、亜鉛のみをめっきした亜鉛めっき鋼板は、低コストで電気めっき法又は溶融めっき法のいずれでも製造することができるが、自動車車体に使用されることは希であった。この理由は、亜鉛めっきのみでは耐食牲が不十分であり、とりわけ、亜鉛めっき鋼板を長期間にわたって腐食環境下に曝した場合に、腐食によって鋼板の穴あきが生じ易く、車体の強度保証上問題があるためである。
【0010】
ところで、自動車車体の製造では、鋼板又はめっき鋼板をプレス加工した後に、さらに化成処理、電着塗装、スプレー塗装を順次施してから自動車車体として使用される。
【0011】
また、自動車車体において、腐食により最も穴あきを生じ易い部分は、ドアの下部であると一般に言われている。この理由は、ドア下部は、その内部に窓の隙間等を通じて侵入した水が溜まり易い構造になっており、腐食の進行速度が他の車体部分に比べて速くなる傾向があるからである。
【0012】
また、ドアの下部は、化成処理と電着塗装については廻り込むものの、その後に行われるスプレー塗装では、隙間が狭いために塗料が廻らず、スプレー塗装による防食効果は期待できないことから、電着塗装後の耐穴あき性が特に重要となる。
【0013】
ここで、亜鉛めっき鋼板の耐食性を向上させる方法として、亜鉛系めっき上に、化成処理(りん酸塩処理)によりMgを含有するりん酸塩皮膜を形成する技術が開示されている。
【0014】
例えば、特開平1−312081号公報には、電気亜鉛めっき層上に0.1 質量%以上のMgを含有するりん酸塩皮膜を形成した表面処理金属材料が開示されているが、Mgのみを含有するりん酸塩皮膜を形成した表面処理金属材料は、塩水噴霧試験での錆発生については抑制効果があるものの、自動車車体の実際の腐食と結果がよく一致する複合サイクル腐食試験での耐穴あき性については不十分である。
【0015】
また、特開平3−107469号公報には、電気亜鉛系めっき層上にMgを1〜7%含有するりん酸塩皮膜を形成させた材料が開示されているが、この場合にも、りん酸塩皮膜中にMgのみを含有するため、塩水噴霧試験での錆発生については抑制効果があるものの、自動車車体の実際の腐食と結果がよく一致する複合サイクル腐食試験での耐穴あき性については不十分である。
【0016】
さらに、特開平7−138764号公報には、亜鉛含有金属めっき層の表面上に、亜鉛とりんとを重量比(亜鉛/りん)2.504 :1〜3.166 :1で含み、且つ、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、カルシウム、マグネシウム及びマンガンから選ばれた1種以上の金属を0.06〜9.0 質量%の含有率で含有するりん酸亜鉛複合皮膜を形成した亜鉛含有金属めっき鋼板が開示されているが、このめっき鋼板は、自動車車体製造時の高速プレス加工性については優れているものの、耐食性については考慮されておらず耐穴あき性が十分ではない。
【0017】
よって、前述したように、亜鉛系合金めっきはコスト高である。一方、コストの低い亜鉛めっきを自動車車体に使用すると耐食性が問題となる。そこで、亜鉛めっきの耐食性を向上させるために、種々のの試みがなされている。その中でMgを含有するりん酸塩皮膜を形成させる技術が開示されているが、単にMg含有量のみを制御したりん酸塩皮膜を亜鉛めっき層上に形成しただけでは、十分な耐穴あき性を得ることは難しい。
【0018】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この発明の目的は、特に自動車車体として用いる亜鉛めっき鋼板であって、他の性能を犠牲にすることなく、電着塗装後の耐穴あき性およびプレス加工性に優れた亜鉛めっき鋼板を安価に提供することにある。
【0019】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者らは、上記問題点を解決すべく検討を重ねた結果、鋼板表面上に、所定付着量の亜鉛めっき層及びりん酸亜鉛皮膜を順次積層形成するとともに、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中のMg、Ni及びMnの含有量の適正化を図れば、他の性能を犠牲にすることなく、電着塗装後の耐穴あき性およびプレス加工性を飛躍的に向上できることを新規に見出し、この発明を完成させるに至った。
【0020】
即ち、この発明は、鋼板表面上に、片面当たりの付着量が20〜60g/m2である亜鉛めっき層と、片面当たりの付着量が0.5 〜3.0 g/m2であるりん酸亜鉛皮膜とを順次積層形成し、該りん酸亜鉛皮膜は、りん酸亜鉛結晶が粒状であり、かつその大きさが 2.5 μm未満であり、前記りん酸亜鉛皮膜中に、Mgを2.0 〜7.0 質量%、Niを0.1 〜1.4 質量%及びMnを0.5 〜5.0 質量%を含有し、かつMnとNiの含有量が下記() の関係式を満足することを特徴とする耐穴あき性およびプレス加工性に優れた亜鉛めっき鋼板である。
【0021】

〔Mn〕≦〔Ni〕×11.4 ------ ()
但し、〔Mn〕はMn質量%、〔Ni〕はNi質量%である。
【0024】
加えて、プレス加工性の向上を重視する場合には、前記りん酸亜鉛皮膜は、りん酸亜鉛結晶を粒状としかつその大きさを2.5 μm未満とすることが好ましい。
【0025】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、この発明を上記発明特定事項に限定した理由を説明する。
(1) 亜鉛めっき層
片面当たりの付着量:20〜60g/m2
亜鉛めっき層は、片面当たりの付着量を20〜60g/m2とする。前記付着量が20g/m2未満だと耐穴あき性が不十分であり、また、60g/m2超えだと耐穴あき性は十分であるが、大量の亜鉛めっきを付着させることはコスト性を悪化させるばかりでなく、プレス加工性や溶接性を劣化させることになるからである。
【0026】
また、上記亜鉛めっき層は、公知の電気めっき法及び溶融めっき法のいずれかのめっき方法によって形成すればよい。
尚、各めっき法によって形成した亜鉛めっき層は、亜鉛めっき層中にSn、Ni、Fe、Al等の不可避的不純物が混入するのが一般的であるため、この発明では、これらの不純物を不可避的に混入した亜鉛めっき層も含めることとする。この場合、亜鉛めっき層中の上記不可避的不純物の各含有量は1質量%以下であることが好ましい。
【0027】
(2) りん酸亜鉛皮膜
(i) 片面当たりの付着量:0.5 〜3.0 g/m2
りん酸亜鉛皮膜は、片面当たりの付着量が0.5 〜3.0 g/m2の範囲とする。前記付着量が0.5 g/m2未満だと、耐穴あき性が不十分であり、また、3.0 g/m2を超えると、耐穴あき性は十分に得られるが、皮膜形成に長時間を要しコストがかさむだけでなく、表面の摩擦抵抗が大きくなってプレス加工性が劣化するからである。
【0028】
(ii)りん酸亜鉛皮膜中の成分組成
りん酸亜鉛皮膜中の成分組成はMgを2.0 〜7.0 質量%、Niを0.1 〜1.4 質量%、Mnを0.5 〜5.0 質量%とし、かつ、〔Mn〕≦〔Ni〕×11.4の関係式を満足するようにする。
【0029】
以下、上記成分組成を採用するに至った経緯を説明する。
自動車車体の製造工程では、プレス加工後に溶接等で組み上げられたボディを化成処理し、さらに電着塗装、スプレー塗装するのが一般的であるが、腐食によって穴あきに至りやすい箇所では、スプレー塗装が十分に載らず、この塗装による防食作用は期待できないことから、電着塗装後の耐穴あき性が重要となる。
【0030】
化成処理と上記各塗装を順次行った亜鉛めっき鋼板を腐食環境下に曝すと、腐食環境中の水分によって化成処理皮膜が復水(吸着水あるいは結合水を持つようになること。)して、塗膜膨れを生じやすくなり、その結果、腐食進行が速くなる傾向がある。
【0031】
このため、自動車用の亜鉛めっき鋼板では、その化成処理(りん酸亜鉛)皮膜中にNiやMnを含有させることで、この復水を防ぎ、電着塗装後の耐食性を改善することが一般に行われている。
【0032】
また、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中にMgを含有させると、耐食性が向上することも知られている。
【0033】
発明者らは、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中にMgとNi及びMnとを適正量含有させることができれば、Mgの耐食性向上効果と、Ni及びMnの塗膜膨れ防止効果の双方の相乗効果によって、電着塗装後の耐穴あき性を向上できると考えて鋭意検討を行った。
【0034】
その結果、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中に所定量以上のMgを含有させると、適正量のNi及びMnを前記皮膜中に含有させることができなくなり、反対に、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中に所定量以上のNi及びMnを含有させると、適正量のMgを前記皮膜中に含有させることができなくなり、よって、いずれにしても、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中にMgとNi及びMnの全てを適正量含有させることが現状では困難であり、この結果、十分な耐穴あき性が得られないことが分かった。
【0035】
そこで、発明者らは、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中のMgとNi及びMnの全てを適正量含有させるための検討をさらに進めた結果、Mgを2.0 7.0 質量%の範囲に限定すれば、耐食性の向上が図れるとともに、塗膜膨れ防止効果が発揮できる量のNi及びMnを含有させることも可能となり、さらに、Ni及びMnの含有量の適正化を図ることによって、特に電着塗装後の耐穴あき性が飛躍的に向上することを見出し、この発明を完成するに至ったのである。
【0036】
即ち、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中のMg含有量を2.0 7.0 質量%の範囲に限定したのは、Mg含有量が上記範囲よりも少ないと、耐穴あき性が十分に得られず、一方、上記範囲よりも多いと、Ni及びMnを塗膜膨れ防止効果が発揮できる程度の量を含有させることができないため、腐食環境下での塗膜膨れが大きくなって耐穴あき性が不十分となるからである。
【0037】
加えて、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中のMg含有量を2.0 〜7.0 質量%の範囲に限定すれば、りん酸亜鉛結晶が粒状でかつその結晶の大きさが2.5 μm未満と細かくなる結果、プレス加工性が飛躍的に向上する。その理由は、定かではないが、りん酸亜鉛結晶が粒状でかつ細かいとプレス加工時の金型との接触において摺動摩擦抵抗が小さくなるためと考えられる。
【0038】
尚、前記Mg含有量が2.0 質量%未満だと、りん酸亜鉛結晶が鱗片状となり(図2(a),(b)参照)かつその結晶の大きさが2.5 μm以上となって、プレス加工性の向上効果が顕著ではなくなるからであり、また、前記Mg含有量が7.0 質量%を超えると、りん酸亜鉛結晶自体が脆くなり、プレス加工性の向上効果が顕著ではなくなるからである。
【0039】
図1は、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中のMg含有量の異なる種々の亜鉛めっき鋼板を試作し、これらの亜鉛めっき鋼板について、100 mmのブランク径に打ち抜き、ポンチ径:50mmφ、ダイス径:52mmφ、しわ押さえ圧:1トン及びポンチスピード:120 mm/分の条件下でプレス加工試験を行い、プレス加工性を評価したときの結果であり、縦軸がプレス加工時のポンチ荷重(t)であり、横軸がりん酸亜鉛皮膜中のMg含有量 (質量%)であり、前記ポンチ荷重が小さいほど、プレス加工性に優れていることを意味する。
【0040】
また、図2は、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中のMg含有量が異なる4種類の亜鉛めっき鋼板のりん酸亜鉛皮膜表面のSEMのイメージ画像を示したものである。
【0041】
図1及び図2から、前記Mg含有量を2.0 〜7.0 質量%の範囲に限定すれば、りん酸亜鉛結晶が粒状かつその結晶の大きさが2.5 μm未満と細かくなるとともに、プレス加工性が格段に向上していることがわかる。
尚、ここでいう粒状とは、SEMのイメージ画像で観察される、1個の結晶を、図4の様に表した時に、短辺c/長辺aの比が0.2 を超えるものを意味する。
【0042】
よって、プレス加工性をさらに向上させる必要がある場合には、前記Mg含有量を2.0 〜7.0 質量%の範囲にする
【0043】
また、この発明では、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中のMg含有量を2.0 7.0 質量%に限定するとともに、Ni及びMnの含有量の上記適正範囲を図3横線範囲内に限定すること、即ち、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中のNi含有量を0.1 〜1.4 質量%、Mn含有量を0.5 〜5.0 質量%とし、かつMnとNiの含有量が Mn 〕≦〔 Ni 〕× 11.4を満足することを必須の発明特定事項とし、これにより、耐穴あき性の向上に加えてプレス加工性も向上させることができる。
【0044】
りん酸亜鉛皮膜中のNi及びMnの含有量を上記範囲に限定したのは、Ni含有量が0.1 質量%未満であるか、あるいはMn含有量が0.5 質量%未満であると、腐食環境下での塗膜膨れが大きくなって耐穴あき性が十分に得られないからであり、一方、Ni含有量が1.4 質量%超えか、あるいはMn含有量が5.0 質量%超えだと、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中にMgを、上述したMg含有量の適正範囲の下限値である2.0 質量%ですら含有させにくくなるとともに、りん酸亜鉛結晶が鱗片状でかつその結晶の大きさが細かくならずに 2.5 μm以上のままであるため、プレス加工性の向上効果が得られなくなるからである。
【0045】
さらにMn含有量が(1)式中の{〔Ni〕×11.4}にNi含有量を代入したときの値よりも大きいと、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中にMgを2.0 質量%以上含有させることが極めて困難になり、結局、耐穴あき性が十分に得られないからである。
【0046】
従って、この発明では、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中に、Mgを2.0 〜7.0 質量%、Niを0.1 〜1.4 質量%及びMnを0.5 〜5.0 質量%を含有し、かつMnとNiの含有量が、 Mn 〕≦〔 Ni 〕× 11.4 の関係を満足するようにすることを必須の発明特定事項とし、これによって、他の性能を犠牲にすることなく、耐穴あき性を飛躍的に向上させることができる。
【0050】
尚、上述したところは、この発明の実施形態の一例を示したにすぎず、請求の範囲において種々の変更を加えることができる。
【0051】
【実施例】
次に、この発明の実施例について説明する。
表1に示す亜鉛めっき付着量及びめっき法で製造した各種亜鉛めっき鋼板に、表2に示す条件で浸漬法によるりん酸亜鉛処理を行うことによって、表4に示す付着量、Ni、Mn及びMgの含有量、並びにりん酸亜鉛結晶の形状及び大きさを有するりん酸亜鉛皮膜をそれぞれ形成した。尚、りん酸亜鉛処理の前には必要に応じて脱油処理を行った後、通常の表面調整処理を行った。
【0052】
りん酸亜鉛処理を行った亜鉛めっき鋼板は、自動車車体製造工程に準じて日本ペイント製「SD2500」にて化成処理、日本ペイント製「V20 」カチオン型電着塗装(膜厚10μm)を順次行った。電着塗装後のサンプルはナイフによるクロスカットを入れた後、表3の複合サイクル腐食試験を行い、最大腐食深さ(板厚減少値)を測定し、この測定値から耐穴あき性を評価した。表4にこの評価結果を示す。尚、表4中の腐食深さの数値は小さいほど耐穴あき性に優れていることを意味し、この発明では、腐食深さが0.3 mm以下の場合を合格レベルとした。
【0053】
また、上記処理鋼板を100mm のブランク径に打ち抜き、ポンチ径50mmφ、ダイス径52mmφでしわ押さえ圧1t、ポンチスピード120mm /分で円筒プレス加工を行い、ポンチ荷重を測定して加工性の良否を判定する指標とした。尚、ポンチ荷重は小さいほど加工性が良好であることを意味し、この発明では、ポンチ荷重が3.4 トン以下の場合をプレス加工性が特に優れているとした。また、加工面(円筒側面)の損傷程度を目視にて「○」と「×」の2段階で判定し、プレス加工性を評価した。これらの評価結果を表4に示す。尚、表4中の「○」は、損傷が軽度以下で合格レベル以上であることを意味し、また、「×」は損傷が中程度以上で合格レベルにはないことを意味する。
【0054】
【表1】

Figure 0004110707
【0055】
【表2】
Figure 0004110707
【0056】
【表3】
Figure 0004110707
【0057】
【表4】
Figure 0004110707
【0058】
表4の評価結果から明らかなように、実施例1、2、4および6はいずれも、耐穴あき性およびプレス加工性優れている。
一方、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中のMg、Ni及びMnの含有量の少なくとも1つが適正範囲外である比較例1〜5はいずれも、耐穴あき性が合格レベルに達してなく、比較例4はプレス加工性も劣る
【0059】
【発明の効果】
この発明によって、電着塗装後の耐穴あき性およびプレス加工性に優れ、しかもコスト的にも優位な亜鉛めっき鋼板、特に自動車車体として用いる亜鉛めっき鋼板を提供することが可能になった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 りん酸亜鉛皮膜中のMg含有量が異なる種々の鋼板についてプレス加工試験を行い、このときのポンチ荷重を、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中のMg含有量に対してプロットした図である。
【図2】 (a) 〜(d) はそれぞれ、りん酸亜鉛皮膜中のMg、Ni及びMnの含有量が異なる4種類の亜鉛めっき鋼板のりん酸亜鉛皮膜表面のSEMで観察したときのイメージ画像である。
【図3】 この発明の亜鉛めっき鋼板上に形成するりん酸亜鉛皮膜中のMnとNiの含有量の適正範囲を説明するための図である。
【図4】 この発明の亜鉛めっき鋼板上に形成する粒状のりん酸亜鉛結晶を説明するための図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a galvanized steel sheet that is used particularly as an automobile body, and relates to a galvanized steel sheet that has greatly improved the punching resistance and press workability after electrodeposition coating without sacrificing other performances. It is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Steel sheets plated with zinc are widely used to prevent the body strength of automobile bodies from deteriorating when used in a long-term corrosive environment. In Japan, zinc steel, which is mainly zinc-based alloy plating, is used. -Nickel alloy plated steel sheets and zinc-iron alloy plated steel sheets are used.
[0003]
Although these zinc-based alloy platings can impart high corrosion resistance to steel sheets by alloying zinc and Ni or Fe, there are the following production problems due to alloying.
[0004]
Zinc-nickel alloy-plated steel sheets are manufactured by electroplating, but the cost is high because Ni is expensive, and the Ni content must be controlled within a very narrow range (usually 12 ± 1% by mass). There is a problem that it is difficult to manufacture.
[0005]
A zinc-iron alloy-plated steel sheet can be produced by either an electroplating method or a hot dipping method, but in general, it is often produced by a hot dipping method.
[0006]
However, when producing a zinc-iron alloy-plated steel sheet by electroplating, it is difficult to control the alloy to control the iron content in the galvanized layer to a very narrow range in the same manner as the zinc-nickel alloy-plated steel sheet described above. In addition, there is a problem that Fe 2+ ions in the plating solution are easily oxidized, which makes the plating unstable and difficult to manufacture, resulting in an increase in cost.
[0007]
In addition, when a zinc-iron alloy plated steel sheet is manufactured by the hot dipping method, it is necessary to deposit the molten zinc on the steel sheet surface and then hold it at a high temperature to alloy the steel sheet and zinc. It is difficult to produce a uniform alloy plating layer due to the temperature and time required for heat treatment and the influence of Al in the hot dip galvanizing bath, the quality is not stable, and as a result, the cost increases. .
[0008]
As described above, zinc-based alloy plating has problems that it is difficult to manufacture and the cost is further increased.
[0009]
On the other hand, a galvanized steel sheet plated only with zinc can be manufactured at low cost by either electroplating or hot dipping, but it has rarely been used for automobile bodies. The reason for this is that corrosion resistance is insufficient with galvanization alone, especially when the galvanized steel sheet is exposed to a corrosive environment for a long period of time. Because there is.
[0010]
By the way, in the manufacture of an automobile body, after a steel plate or a plated steel sheet is pressed, chemical conversion treatment, electrodeposition coating, and spray coating are sequentially performed, and then used as an automobile body.
[0011]
Further, it is generally said that the portion of the automobile body that is most likely to be perforated by corrosion is the lower portion of the door. The reason for this is that the lower part of the door has a structure in which water that has entered through the gaps of the window or the like tends to accumulate, and the rate of progress of corrosion tends to be faster than that of other vehicle body parts.
[0012]
The lower part of the door is used for chemical conversion treatment and electrodeposition coating, but in the subsequent spray coating, since the gap is narrow, the paint does not rotate and the anticorrosion effect by spray coating cannot be expected. The perforation resistance after painting is particularly important.
[0013]
Here, as a method for improving the corrosion resistance of a galvanized steel sheet, a technique for forming a phosphate film containing Mg on a zinc-based plating by chemical conversion treatment (phosphate treatment) is disclosed.
[0014]
For example, JP-A-1-3202081 discloses a surface-treated metal material in which a phosphate film containing 0.1% by mass or more of Mg is formed on an electrogalvanized layer, but contains only Mg. The surface-treated metal material with a phosphate coating has the effect of suppressing rust generation in the salt spray test, but the hole resistance in the combined cycle corrosion test is in good agreement with the actual corrosion of the automobile body. Is not enough.
[0015]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-107469 discloses a material in which a phosphate film containing 1 to 7% of Mg is formed on an electrogalvanized plating layer. In this case, phosphoric acid is also disclosed. Since only the Mg is contained in the salt film, there is a suppression effect on the rust generation in the salt spray test, but the puncture resistance in the combined cycle corrosion test is in good agreement with the actual corrosion of the car body. It is insufficient.
[0016]
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-138764 includes zinc and phosphorus in a weight ratio (zinc / phosphorus) 2.504: 1 to 3.166: 1 on the surface of the zinc-containing metal plating layer, and iron, cobalt, nickel Disclosed is a zinc-containing metal-plated steel sheet in which a zinc phosphate composite film containing one or more metals selected from calcium, magnesium and manganese is contained at a content of 0.06 to 9.0% by mass. Although it is excellent in high-speed press workability at the time of manufacturing an automobile body, corrosion resistance is not taken into consideration and the hole resistance is not sufficient.
[0017]
Therefore, as described above, zinc-based alloy plating is expensive. On the other hand, when low-cost galvanizing is used for an automobile body, corrosion resistance becomes a problem. Therefore, various attempts have been made to improve the corrosion resistance of galvanizing. Among them, a technique for forming a phosphate film containing Mg is disclosed. However, by simply forming a phosphate film on which only the Mg content is controlled on the galvanized layer, sufficient perforation resistance is provided. It is difficult to get sex.
[0018]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is a galvanized steel sheet used particularly as an automobile body, and it is possible to reduce the cost of a galvanized steel sheet excellent in perforation resistance and press workability after electrodeposition coating without sacrificing other performances. It is to provide.
[0019]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of repeated studies to solve the above problems, the inventors sequentially formed a predetermined amount of zinc plating layer and a zinc phosphate coating on the steel sheet surface, and Mg in the zinc phosphate coating, By optimizing the contents of Ni and Mn, we have newly found that it is possible to dramatically improve the punching resistance and press workability after electrodeposition without sacrificing other performances. It came to complete.
[0020]
That is, the present invention has, on the surface of the steel sheet, and the galvanized layer adhesion amount per one side is 20 to 60 g / m 2, and the zinc phosphate coating deposition amount is 0.5 ~3.0 g / m 2 per surface In this zinc phosphate coating, the zinc phosphate crystal is granular and the size thereof is less than 2.5 μm. In the zinc phosphate coating, Mg is added in an amount of 2.0 to 7.0 mass%, Ni the 0.1 to 1.4 wt% and Mn containing 0.5 to 5.0 wt%, and the耐穴empty properties and press formability, characterized in that the content of Mn and Ni satisfy the relationship: (1) It is an excellent galvanized steel sheet.
[0021]
[Mn] ≦ [Ni] × 11.4 ------ ( 1 )
However, [Mn] is Mn mass% and [Ni] is Ni mass%.
[0024]
In addition, when importance is placed on the improvement of press workability, the zinc phosphate coating is preferably made of zinc phosphate crystals in a granular form and a size of less than 2.5 μm.
[0025]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the reason why this invention is limited to the above-mentioned invention specific matters will be described.
(1) Amount of adhesion per side of galvanized layer: 20-60g / m 2
The galvanized layer has an adhesion amount per side of 20 to 60 g / m 2 . If the adhesion amount is less than 20 g / m 2 , the hole resistance is insufficient, and if it exceeds 60 g / m 2 , the hole resistance is sufficient, but it is costly to attach a large amount of galvanization. This is because the press workability and weldability are deteriorated in addition to the deterioration of the workability.
[0026]
The galvanized layer may be formed by any one of known electroplating methods and hot dipping methods.
The galvanized layer formed by each plating method generally contains inevitable impurities such as Sn, Ni, Fe, Al, etc. in the galvanized layer. In the present invention, these impurities are unavoidable. Including galvanized layers that have been mixed. In this case, each content of the inevitable impurities in the galvanized layer is preferably 1% by mass or less.
[0027]
(2) Zinc phosphate coating
(i) Amount of adhesion per side: 0.5 to 3.0 g / m 2
Zinc phosphate coating, the adhesion amount per one side in the range of 0.5 ~3.0 g / m 2. When the adhesion amount is less than 0.5 g / m 2 , the perforation resistance is insufficient, and when it exceeds 3.0 g / m 2 , the perforation resistance is sufficiently obtained, but the film formation takes a long time. This is because not only the cost is increased, but also the friction resistance of the surface is increased and the press workability is deteriorated.
[0028]
component composition component composition zinc phosphate coating in in (ii) zinc phosphate coating, the Mg 2.0 to 7.0 wt%, a Ni 0.1 to 1.4 mass%, and 0.5 to 5.0 wt% of Mn, and [Mn ] ≦ [Ni] × 11.4 is satisfied.
[0029]
Hereafter, the background which led to employ | adopting the said component composition is demonstrated.
In the manufacturing process of automobile bodies, it is common to form the body assembled by welding after press working, and then apply electrodeposition and spray coating. Since the anti-corrosion effect due to this coating cannot be expected, the hole resistance after electrodeposition coating is important.
[0030]
When a galvanized steel sheet that has been subjected to the chemical conversion treatment and each of the above coatings is exposed to a corrosive environment, the chemical conversion treatment film condenses (becomes adsorbed or bound water) by the moisture in the corrosive environment. The film tends to swell, and as a result, the corrosion progress tends to increase.
[0031]
For this reason, galvanized steel sheets for automobiles generally contain Ni or Mn in the chemical conversion treatment (zinc phosphate) film to prevent this condensate and improve the corrosion resistance after electrodeposition coating. It has been broken.
[0032]
It is also known that the corrosion resistance is improved when Mg is contained in the zinc phosphate coating.
[0033]
If the inventors can contain appropriate amounts of Mg, Ni, and Mn in the zinc phosphate coating, the inventors have a synergistic effect of both the Mg corrosion resistance improving effect and the Ni and Mn coating swelling preventing effect. We have sought to improve the perforation resistance after coating.
[0034]
As a result, when Mg of a predetermined amount or more is contained in the zinc phosphate film, it is impossible to contain appropriate amounts of Ni and Mn in the film, and conversely, a predetermined amount or more of zinc in the zinc phosphate film. When Ni and Mn are contained, an appropriate amount of Mg cannot be contained in the film. Therefore, in any case, an appropriate amount of Mg, Ni and Mn must be contained in the zinc phosphate film. However, it was difficult at present, and as a result, it was found that sufficient perforation resistance could not be obtained.
[0035]
Therefore, as a result of further investigations to contain Mg, Ni, and Mn in the zinc phosphate coating in an appropriate amount, the inventors of the present invention have achieved corrosion resistance if Mg is limited to a range of 2.0 to 7.0 % by mass. It is possible to contain Ni and Mn in an amount that can improve the effect of preventing the swelling of the coating film, and further, by optimizing the contents of Ni and Mn, the resistance to holes especially after electrodeposition coating The inventors have found that the air permeability is dramatically improved and have completed the present invention.
[0036]
That is, the Mg content in the zinc phosphate film is limited to the range of 2.0 to 7.0 % by mass. If the Mg content is less than the above range, sufficient hole resistance cannot be obtained. If it exceeds the range, Ni and Mn cannot be contained in such an amount that the coating swelling prevention effect can be exerted, so that the coating swelling in a corrosive environment becomes large and the hole resistance is insufficient. Because.
[0037]
In addition, if the Mg content in the zinc phosphate coating is limited to the range of 2.0 to 7.0% by mass, the zinc phosphate crystals are granular and the size of the crystals is less than 2.5 μm, resulting in press workability. Will improve dramatically. The reason for this is not clear, but it is thought that if the zinc phosphate crystals are granular and fine, the sliding frictional resistance is reduced in contact with the mold during pressing.
[0038]
When the Mg content is less than 2.0% by mass, the zinc phosphate crystal becomes scaly (see Fig. 2 (a) and (b)) and the crystal size becomes 2.5 µm or more, and press working This is because, when the Mg content exceeds 7.0% by mass, the zinc phosphate crystal itself becomes brittle and the effect of improving press workability is not significant.
[0039]
Fig. 1 shows prototypes of various galvanized steel sheets with different Mg contents in the zinc phosphate coating. These galvanized steel sheets are punched into a blank diameter of 100 mm, punch diameter: 50 mmφ, die diameter: 52 mmφ, wrinkle Pressing pressure: 1 ton and punch speed: 120 mm / min. Press work test is performed and the press workability is evaluated. The vertical axis represents the punch load (t) during press work. The horizontal axis represents the Mg content (% by mass) in the zinc phosphate coating, and the smaller the punch load, the better the press workability.
[0040]
FIG. 2 shows SEM image images of the zinc phosphate coating surfaces of four types of galvanized steel sheets having different Mg contents in the zinc phosphate coating.
[0041]
1 and 2, when the Mg content is limited to the range of 2.0 to 7.0% by mass, the zinc phosphate crystals are granular and the size of the crystals is less than 2.5 μm, and the press workability is remarkably improved. It can be seen that there is an improvement.
Here, the term “granularity” as used herein means that when one crystal observed in an SEM image is represented as shown in FIG. 4, the ratio of short side c / long side a exceeds 0.2. .
[0042]
Therefore, when it is necessary to further improve the press workability, the Mg content is set in the range of 2.0 to 7.0 mass% .
[0043]
Further, in the present invention, the Mg content in the zinc phosphate film is limited to 2.0 to 7.0 % by mass, and the appropriate range of the Ni and Mn contents is limited to the horizontal line range in FIG. It is essential that the Ni content in the zinc phosphate coating is 0.1 to 1.4 mass%, the Mn content is 0.5 to 5.0 mass%, and the Mn and Ni contents satisfy [ Mn ] ≤ [ Ni ] x 11.4 This makes it possible to improve the press workability in addition to the improvement in perforation resistance.
[0044]
The contents of Ni and Mn in the zinc phosphate coating are limited to the above range because the Ni content is less than 0.1% by mass or the Mn content is less than 0.5% by mass in a corrosive environment. If the Ni content exceeds 1.4 % by mass or the Mn content exceeds 5.0 % by mass, the zinc phosphate coating will be insufficient. It is difficult to contain Mg even at 2.0 % by mass, which is the lower limit of the appropriate range of the Mg content described above, and the zinc phosphate crystal is scaly and the crystal size is not reduced to 2.5 μm. This is because the effect of improving press workability cannot be obtained because of the above.
[0045]
Furthermore , if the Mn content is larger than the value when the Ni content is substituted for {[Ni] × 11.4} in the formula (1), 2.0 % by mass or more of Mg may be contained in the zinc phosphate coating. This is because it becomes extremely difficult, and as a result, sufficient hole resistance cannot be obtained.
[0046]
Accordingly, in this invention, the zinc phosphate coating in an Mg 2.0 to 7.0 wt%, containing 0.5 to 5.0 mass% of 0.1 to 1.4 wt% and Mn to Ni, and a content of Mn and Ni, [ Mn ] ≦ [ Ni ] × 11.4 It is essential to specify the invention, and this can drastically improve the punching resistance without sacrificing other performance. it can.
[0050]
The above description only shows an example of the embodiment of the present invention, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims.
[0051]
【Example】
Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
The galvanized steel sheets manufactured by the galvanized coating amount and the plating method shown in Table 1 are subjected to zinc phosphate treatment by the dipping method under the conditions shown in Table 2, so that the deposited amounts shown in Table 4, Ni, Mn and Mg And a zinc phosphate coating having a zinc phosphate crystal shape and size, respectively. In addition, after the zinc phosphate treatment, a deoiling treatment was performed as necessary, and then a normal surface conditioning treatment was performed.
[0052]
Zinc phosphate-treated galvanized steel sheets were subjected to chemical conversion treatment with “SD2500” made by Nippon Paint and “V20” cationic electrodeposition coating (film thickness 10 μm) made by Nippon Paint in accordance with the automobile body manufacturing process. . Samples after electrodeposition coating were cross-cut with a knife and then subjected to the combined cycle corrosion test shown in Table 3. The maximum corrosion depth (thickness reduction value) was measured, and the hole resistance was evaluated from this measured value. did. Table 4 shows the evaluation results. In addition, it means that the smaller the numerical value of the corrosion depth in Table 4, the better the perforation resistance, and in this invention, the case where the corrosion depth is 0.3 mm or less was regarded as an acceptable level.
[0053]
In addition, the treated steel plate is punched into a blank diameter of 100 mm, cylindrical press working is performed with a punch diameter of 50 mmφ, a die diameter of 52 mmφ and a pressing pressure of 1 t, and a punch speed of 120 mm / min, and the punch load is measured to determine whether the workability is good or bad. It was used as an indicator. The smaller the punch load, the better the workability. In the present invention, the press workability is particularly excellent when the punch load is 3.4 tons or less. Further, the degree of damage on the processed surface (cylindrical side surface) was visually determined in two stages, “◯” and “×”, to evaluate the press workability. These evaluation results are shown in Table 4. In Table 4, “◯” means that the damage is mild or less and is above the acceptable level, and “X” means that the damage is moderate or above and is not at the acceptable level.
[0054]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004110707
[0055]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004110707
[0056]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004110707
[0057]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004110707
[0058]
As apparent from Table 4 Evaluation results Example 1, none of the 2, 4 and 6, has excellent耐穴empty properties and press formability.
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 5 in which at least one of the contents of Mg, Ni and Mn in the zinc phosphate coating is outside the proper range, the perforation resistance has not reached the pass level, and Comparative Example 4 is Inferior press workability .
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a galvanized steel sheet that is excellent in perforation resistance and press workability after electrodeposition coating and that is superior in cost, particularly a galvanized steel sheet used as an automobile body.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram in which press work tests were performed on various steel sheets having different Mg contents in a zinc phosphate coating, and the punch load at this time was plotted against the Mg content in the zinc phosphate coating.
[Fig. 2] (a) to (d) are images observed by SEM on the surface of zinc phosphate coating of four types of galvanized steel sheets with different contents of Mg, Ni and Mn in the zinc phosphate coating. It is an image.
FIG. 3 is a view for explaining an appropriate range of contents of Mn and Ni in a zinc phosphate film formed on the galvanized steel sheet of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view for explaining granular zinc phosphate crystals formed on the galvanized steel sheet of the present invention.

Claims (1)

鋼板表面上に、片面当たりの付着量が20〜60g/m2である亜鉛めっき層と、片面当たりの付着量が0.5 〜3.0 g/m2であるりん酸亜鉛皮膜とを順次積層形成し、該りん酸亜鉛皮膜は、りん酸亜鉛結晶が粒状であり、かつその大きさが 2.5 μm未満であり、前記りん酸亜鉛皮膜中に、Mgを2.0 〜7.0 質量%、Niを0.1 〜1.4 質量%及びMnを0.5 〜5.0 質量%を含有し、かつMnとNiの含有量が下記() の関係式を満足することを特徴とする耐穴あき性およびプレス加工性に優れた亜鉛めっき鋼板。

〔Mn〕≦〔Ni〕×11.4 ------ ()
但し、〔Mn〕はMn質量%、〔Ni〕はNi質量%である。
On the steel sheet surface, sequentially laminated form and the zinc plated layer adhesion amount per one side is 20 to 60 g / m 2, and a zinc phosphate coating deposition amount is 0.5 ~3.0 g / m 2 per surface, The zinc phosphate film has a granular zinc phosphate crystal and a size of less than 2.5 μm. In the zinc phosphate film, Mg is 2.0 to 7.0 mass% and Ni is 0.1 to 1.4 mass%. And a galvanized steel sheet excellent in perforation resistance and press workability , characterized in that it contains 0.5 to 5.0% by mass of Mn and the contents of Mn and Ni satisfy the following relational expression ( 1 ).
[Mn] ≦ [Ni] × 11.4 ------ ( 1 )
However, [Mn] is Mn mass% and [Ni] is Ni mass%.
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