JP4112261B2 - Cemented carbide for electrical discharge machining - Google Patents
Cemented carbide for electrical discharge machining Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4112261B2 JP4112261B2 JP2002109999A JP2002109999A JP4112261B2 JP 4112261 B2 JP4112261 B2 JP 4112261B2 JP 2002109999 A JP2002109999 A JP 2002109999A JP 2002109999 A JP2002109999 A JP 2002109999A JP 4112261 B2 JP4112261 B2 JP 4112261B2
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- Prior art keywords
- cemented carbide
- less
- discharge machining
- electric discharge
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本願発明は、主として放電加工用に用いられる超硬合金に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から放電加工用電極材料として(W−Cu)、(W−Ag)合金等がもちいられていた。しかし、要求穴径が細くなるケースが増えるに従い、電極材料の剛性不足により直進性の穴あけ加工において穴の直進精度や真円度などの精度が劣化する問題点が発生してきた。そこで、1部の分野では、これらの材料にかわって、超硬材料が使用されるようになった。しかしながら、例えば、噴射ノズルのような極めて細い穴加工を従来の超硬材料電極で行うと、電極の異常磨耗等により、期待通りの穴精度が得られない場合や、放電加工時間が期待されるほど短くならないなどの問題が発生した。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このように従来の超硬合金を放電加工用電極として用いて、例えば、1mm以下の極めて細い穴あけ加工を行うと、放電加工時間が予想以上に長くかかり、また、放電加工時間にバラツキが発生し、その結果と思われるが、直進性や真円度などの穴精度を低下させる問題が生じる。
【0004】
【本発明の目的】
本発明は、上述した穴精度の低下、加工時間の遅延とバラツキなどの問題点の発生原因を詳細に調査検討することによって、穴精度の向上と加工時間の短縮および加工時間バラツキを軽減することを目的とするものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、どのような超硬合金材料を電極棒として用いると放電加工時間、放電加工時間バラツキを低減し、穴精度を向上することができるかを検討した結果、炭化タングステン基超硬合金において、該超硬合金のCo含有量は10重量%以下、WCの平均粒径が0.8μm以上、1.5μm以下、Cr、V、Ta、Nb及びその他不可避不純物の含有量が各々0.5重量%以下、該超硬合金のミクロ組織はWC平均粒径の3倍以上の粗大WCが面積率で20%以下及び該超硬合金の比抵抗は0.3μΩm以下、とし、更には、該超硬合金のCo含有量が7重量%以下とした放電加工用超硬合金である。
【0006】
第1に、比抵抗は、0.3μΩm以下でないと、満足のいく加工時間がはかれないことがわかった。放電加工能率は基本的には電極棒を流れる電流に依存するからである。比抵抗が0.3μΩmを超えると電気抵抗が電気の流れを阻止し充分な加工能率が得られない。第2に、Co含有量は、10重量%以下、好ましくは7重量%以下とする。加工穴の直進性は直接的に、また、真円度などの穴精度は間接的に超硬電極棒素材の剛性率に依存する。超硬合金の剛性率は含有Co量に依存し、その量が多いと、剛性が低下し、その量が少ないと剛性は高くなる。本発明の趣旨を実現するにはCo含有量は、10重量%以下、好ましくは7重量%以下とする。10w%を超えると剛性が低下し、本発明の目的とする穴の直進性と穴精度が得られない。第3に、WCの平均粒径は0.8μm以上、1.5μm以下、とする。上記のCo含有量の範囲で比抵抗0.3μΩm以下を満足するためである。超硬合金の比抵抗はWCの粒径にも依存し、概略粗粒ほど比抵抗は低下し、逆に細粒になるほど比抵抗は高くなる。WCの平均粒径が0.8μm未満では比抵抗0.3μΩm以下を満足しない。
【0007】
第4に、超硬合金において、添加材として、Cr、V、Ta、Nb等を添加する場合があるが、電極材用超硬合金にこれらの元素及び不可避不純物は各々0.5重量%以下に押さえる必要がある。これらの元素を各々0.5重量%以上入れると、著しく加工時間が低下する。その理由は目下不明だが、これらの元素は放電加工中に超硬電極の表面に電気の流れを阻害するような物質が形成されるためと推測される。
第5に、加工時間バラツキの問題については、本発明者らは、加工時間のバラツキとミクロ組織との相関性を解析した結果、WC粒度分布が広いと放電加工時間にバラツキが発生することをみいだした。詳細には、平均WC粒径の3倍以上の粗粒WCが面積率で20%以上存在すると、加工時間が著しくばらつくことがわかった。局所的に加工電流の多少が生じるためと思われる。平面ミクロ組織において平均WC粒径の3倍以上の粗粒WCが面積率で20%以下であることを本発明は規定する。20%を超えると本発明の趣旨に沿った均一的な加工時間が得られず、バラツキが生じる。以下、実施例で詳細に説明を加える。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
(実施例1)
Co、WC、Cr3C2、VC、TaC、NbCなどの原料粉末を目的組成になるよう秤量し、適量の押し出し用の成形バインダーと共にアトライター混合機を用いてアルコール中で3時間混合した。混合終了後、ヘンシュル型真空乾燥機を用いてアルコールを除去したのち、押し出し装置を用いて、0.6mm径の丸棒形状の成形体を作製した。
該成形体を、真空炉を用いて、成形バインダーの除去続いて焼結を行い、密度比略100%の超硬丸棒を作製した。得られた丸棒のミクロ組織を観察して平均のWC粒径と粗粒の面積率を求めた。一方得られた超硬丸棒をセンタレス加工して外径0.09mmの電極棒を作製した。この電極棒を放電加工に供し、10重量%Co超硬に深さ0.5mmの穴を作製するテストを行った。表1にその結果を示す。
【0009】
【表1】
【0010】
表1は、各試料番号において数十回の放電加工を行い、放電加工時間はその平均で5分未満は実用に供することが可能で、本発明の趣旨にも叶うものと判断した。放電時間のバラツキは放電時間の平均±2σに全てが収まる場合はバラツキが少ないとして○を記し、収まらない場合はバラツキが大きいとして×を記した。真円度は各試料番号において最後に加工した穴の内径が平均径±3σにすべての個所において収まる場合を真円度が良いとして○を、また収まらない場合は真円度が悪いとして×をそれぞれ記した。
【0011】
表1より、本発明例1は粗粒が少なく放電時間のバラツキ及び真円度とも良好であったが、比較例2は、粗粒の面積率が高く、放電時間のバラツキが大きくなった。本発明例3と比較例4はWC粒径の違いにより、放電時間のバラツキ及び真円度とも性能差が現われた。本発明例5は、Co量を上限、比較例6はCo量を11重量%例であり、放電加工時間ではわずかな違いであるが、Co量が多い分、剛性が低く、真円度が劣る結果となった。本発明例7、9、10、12は、Cr、V、Ta、Nb及びその他不可避不純物の含有量が各々0.5重量%以下で、比較例8、11、13はその一つの元素が超える例であり、本発明例では良好な放電加工時間が得られ、放電加工時間のバラツキ及び真円度のバラツキが小さい。
【0012】
【発明の効果】
本発明を適用することにより、放電加工時間が短く、且つ、加工時間のバラツキが小さく、更には、真円度が良好な放電加工用電極に用いる超硬合金を提供することが出来た。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cemented carbide mainly used for electric discharge machining.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, (W-Cu), (W-Ag) alloys and the like have been used as electrode materials for electric discharge machining. However, as the number of cases in which the required hole diameter becomes smaller, there has been a problem that accuracy such as rectilinear accuracy and roundness of a hole deteriorates in straight drilling due to insufficient rigidity of the electrode material. Therefore, in some fields, super hard materials have been used instead of these materials. However, for example, when extremely fine holes such as injection nozzles are processed with conventional carbide material electrodes, the expected hole accuracy cannot be obtained due to abnormal wear of the electrodes or the like, and electric discharge machining time is expected. There was a problem that it was not so short.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Thus, using a conventional cemented carbide as an electrode for electric discharge machining, for example, when drilling extremely thin holes of 1 mm or less, the electric discharge machining time takes longer than expected, and the electric discharge machining time varies. As a result, problems such as straightness and roundness are reduced.
[0004]
[Object of the present invention]
The present invention improves the hole accuracy, shortens the machining time, and reduces the machining time variation by investigating in detail the cause of the problems such as the above-mentioned decrease in hole accuracy, delay in machining time and variation. It is intended.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of studying what kind of cemented carbide material can be used as an electrode rod to reduce variations in electric discharge machining time and electric discharge machining time and improve hole accuracy, the present inventors have determined that tungsten carbide based carbide In the alloy, the cemented carbide has a Co content of 10% by weight or less, a WC average particle size of 0.8 μm or more and 1.5 μm or less, and Cr, V, Ta, Nb and other inevitable impurities are each 0 content. 0.5% by weight or less, the microstructure of the cemented carbide is 20% or less in terms of area ratio of coarse WC of 3 times or more of the WC average particle diameter, and the specific resistance of the cemented carbide is 0.3 μΩm or less, The cemented carbide for electric discharge machining, wherein the cemented carbide has a Co content of 7% by weight or less.
[0006]
First, it was found that satisfactory processing time cannot be achieved unless the specific resistance is 0.3 μΩm or less. This is because the electric discharge machining efficiency basically depends on the current flowing through the electrode rod. When the specific resistance exceeds 0.3 μΩm, the electric resistance prevents the flow of electricity, and sufficient processing efficiency cannot be obtained. Second, the Co content is 10% by weight or less, preferably 7% by weight or less. The straightness of the machining hole depends directly, and the hole accuracy such as roundness indirectly depends on the rigidity of the carbide electrode rod material. The rigidity of the cemented carbide depends on the amount of Co contained. When the amount is large, the rigidity is lowered, and when the amount is small, the rigidity is increased. In order to realize the gist of the present invention, the Co content is 10% by weight or less, preferably 7% by weight or less. If it exceeds 10 w%, the rigidity is lowered, and the straightness and accuracy of the hole targeted by the present invention cannot be obtained. Third, the average particle size of WC is 0.8 μm or more and 1.5 μm or less . This is because a specific resistance of 0.3 μΩm or less is satisfied within the above Co content range. The specific resistance of the cemented carbide also depends on the grain size of the WC, and the specific resistance decreases as the grain becomes roughly coarser, whereas the specific resistance increases as the grain becomes finer. When the average particle diameter of WC is less than 0.8 μm, the specific resistance is not more than 0.3 μΩm.
[0007]
Fourthly, in the cemented carbide, there are cases where Cr, V, Ta, Nb, etc. are added as additives, but these elements and inevitable impurities are 0.5 wt% or less each in the cemented carbide for electrode materials. It is necessary to hold on. When these elements are added in an amount of 0.5% by weight or more, the processing time is remarkably reduced. The reason for this is unclear at present, but it is speculated that these elements are formed by substances that inhibit the flow of electricity on the surface of the carbide electrode during electric discharge machining.
Fifth, regarding the problem of machining time variation, the present inventors analyzed the correlation between the machining time variation and the microstructure, and as a result, when the WC particle size distribution is wide, the electrical discharge machining time varies. I found it. Specifically, it was found that the processing time varied significantly when coarse WC more than 3 times the average WC grain size was present in an area ratio of 20% or more. This seems to be because some machining current occurs locally. In the planar microstructure, the present invention defines that the coarse WC that is 3 times or more the average WC grain size is 20% or less in terms of area ratio. If it exceeds 20%, a uniform processing time according to the gist of the present invention cannot be obtained, and variations occur. Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given in Examples.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Example 1)
Raw material powders such as Co, WC, Cr 3 C 2 , VC, TaC, and NbC were weighed so as to have a target composition, and mixed in alcohol with an appropriate amount of a molding binder for extrusion for 3 hours using an attritor mixer. After mixing, alcohol was removed using a Henschl type vacuum dryer, and then a 0.6 mm diameter round bar shaped molded body was produced using an extrusion device.
The molded body was sintered using a vacuum furnace to remove the molding binder and then sintered to produce a cemented carbide round bar having a density ratio of about 100%. By observing the microstructure of the obtained round bar, the average WC grain size and the area ratio of coarse grains were determined. On the other hand, the obtained carbide bar was centerless processed to produce an electrode rod having an outer diameter of 0.09 mm. This electrode rod was subjected to electric discharge machining, and a test was conducted to produce a hole having a depth of 0.5 mm in 10 wt% Co carbide. Table 1 shows the results.
[0009]
[Table 1]
[0010]
Table 1 shows that electric discharge machining was performed several tens of times for each sample number, and the average electric discharge machining time was less than 5 minutes, and it was judged that the purpose of the present invention was also achieved. As for the variation of the discharge time, when all of them are within the average ± 2σ of the discharge time, ○ is marked as being small, and when it is not, the symbol is marked as being large. As for roundness, if the inner diameter of the hole processed last in each sample number falls within the average diameter ± 3σ at all locations, ○ is assumed to be good, and if it does not fit, X is assumed to be poor. Each is noted.
[0011]
From Table 1, Example 1 of the present invention had few coarse particles and good discharge time variation and roundness, but Comparative Example 2 had a high coarse particle area ratio and large discharge time variation. Inventive Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 showed performance differences in both discharge time variation and roundness due to differences in WC particle size. Inventive Example 5 is the upper limit of Co amount, and Comparative Example 6 is an example of 11% by weight of Co, and there is a slight difference in electric discharge machining time, but since the Co amount is large, the rigidity is low and the roundness is low. The result was inferior. Inventive Examples 7, 9, 10, and 12 each contain 0.5% by weight or less of Cr, V, Ta, Nb, and other inevitable impurities, and Comparative Examples 8, 11, and 13 exceed that one element. In the example of the present invention, a good electric discharge machining time is obtained, and the electric discharge machining time variation and the roundness variation are small.
[0012]
【The invention's effect】
By applying the present invention, it was possible to provide a cemented carbide used for an electric discharge machining electrode with a short electric discharge machining time, a small variation in machining time, and a good roundness.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002109999A JP4112261B2 (en) | 2002-04-12 | 2002-04-12 | Cemented carbide for electrical discharge machining |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002109999A JP4112261B2 (en) | 2002-04-12 | 2002-04-12 | Cemented carbide for electrical discharge machining |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003301234A JP2003301234A (en) | 2003-10-24 |
| JP4112261B2 true JP4112261B2 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002109999A Expired - Lifetime JP4112261B2 (en) | 2002-04-12 | 2002-04-12 | Cemented carbide for electrical discharge machining |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4535493B2 (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2010-09-01 | 株式会社不二越 | Cemented carbide for discharge electrodes |
| CN101979203B (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-11-21 | 苏州电加工机床研究所有限公司 | Method for controlling quality of micro hole machined by electric spark on line |
| JP6774645B2 (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2020-10-28 | 株式会社Moldino | Cemented carbide and cutting tools and milling inserts using it |
| JP7327864B1 (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2023-08-16 | 株式会社共立合金製作所 | Precision nozzle and its manufacturing method |
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2002
- 2002-04-12 JP JP2002109999A patent/JP4112261B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| JP2003301234A (en) | 2003-10-24 |
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