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JP4114082B2 - Multistage constant current charging method - Google Patents
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JP4114082B2 - Multistage constant current charging method - Google Patents

Multistage constant current charging method Download PDF

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JP4114082B2
JP4114082B2 JP2005274897A JP2005274897A JP4114082B2 JP 4114082 B2 JP4114082 B2 JP 4114082B2 JP 2005274897 A JP2005274897 A JP 2005274897A JP 2005274897 A JP2005274897 A JP 2005274897A JP 4114082 B2 JP4114082 B2 JP 4114082B2
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元次 岡田
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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Description

本願発明は、密閉型鉛蓄電池の充電方法であり、特に小型電動車両等に用いるサイクル使用される鉛蓄電池の多段定電流充電方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for charging a sealed lead-acid battery, and more particularly to a multi-stage constant current charging method for a lead-acid battery used for a cycle used in a small electric vehicle or the like.

従来より、鉛蓄電池の充電方法には定電圧充電や定電流充電、定電圧定電流充電等、種々の充電方法が知られており、多段定電流充電方法には例えば特許文献１や特許文献２が開示されている。
特開平７−７８６３７号公報 特開２００３−８７９９１号公報 Conventionally, various charging methods such as constant voltage charging, constant current charging, constant voltage constant current charging, and the like are known as charging methods for lead-acid batteries. For example, Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2 describe multistage constant current charging methods. Is disclosed.
JP-A-7-78637 JP 2003-87991 A

これらの充電方法は、鉛蓄電池を過不足なく適正に充電するための方法であるが、鉛蓄電池の放電電気量は使用条件により異なり、浅い放電による充電を繰り返した場合には、短距離走行癖がついたように放電特性が変化する。これはＬＥＤランプで電池の残量表示を行っている電動車にあっては、短距離走行癖のついた電池で普段よりも長距離の走行を行うと、急激に電圧が降下し、使用者の予測よりも極端に早くＬＥＤランプが消えていくという問題となる。これらの短距離走行癖は、電池容量が少なくなるまで一気に使用後、充電する等のリフレッシュ充電を行えば、癖が回復し電池本来の放電特性を発揮する場合もあることは知られているが、使用者の充電管理が煩雑になったり、鉛蓄電池に過負荷をかけた充電をしなければならないことや高価な充電制御を行わなければならないという問題があった。
また、複数個の電池を直列接続するものは、充放電による経年的な劣化から各々の電池容量が不均等になり、更に充放電を繰り返すと、その容量のばらつきが大きくなり、急激に、早期に容量低下するという問題もある。
特許文献１、２に記載された発明は、上記の問題を完全に解消できるものではなく、更なる改善が望まれている。本発明者は、密閉型鉛蓄電池の使用条件や充電までの放置時間に応じて充電時間の変わる充電方法について鋭意検討を重ねた結果、充電時に鉛蓄電池の性能を回復させることのできる充電方法をも考慮し、更に、充電時間についても極端に長くなることのない実用的な充電方法を見出し本願発明を完成させるに至った。すなわち、本願発明は、充電前の電池容量や電池の経年的な劣化度合、使用条件や充電するまでの放置時間に応じて、過不足なく適正に充電することができ、また、鉛蓄電池の性能を回復させることのできる充電方法を提供するものである。 These charging methods are methods for properly charging lead-acid batteries without excess or deficiency, but the amount of electricity discharged from lead-acid batteries varies depending on the conditions of use. The discharge characteristics change as indicated by. This is because in an electric vehicle that displays the remaining battery level with an LED lamp, if the battery is equipped with a short-distance traveling rod and the vehicle is driven for a longer distance than usual, the voltage drops rapidly and the user The problem is that the LED lamp goes off extremely quickly than expected. It is known that these short-distance traveling kites may recover the kite and exhibit the battery's original discharge characteristics if they are refreshed after being used at a stroke until the battery capacity is reduced. There is a problem that the user's charge management becomes complicated, the lead storage battery must be charged with an overload, and expensive charge control must be performed.
In addition, in the case of connecting a plurality of batteries in series, the capacity of each battery becomes uneven due to deterioration over time due to charging / discharging, and when charging / discharging is repeated, the capacity variation becomes large, and suddenly, early There is also a problem that the capacity decreases.
The inventions described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 cannot completely solve the above problems, and further improvements are desired. As a result of earnestly examining the charging method in which the charging time varies depending on the use conditions of the sealed lead-acid battery and the standing time until charging, the inventor has developed a charging method capable of recovering the performance of the lead-acid battery during charging. Furthermore, the present invention has been completed by finding a practical charging method that does not cause an extremely long charging time. That is, the present invention can be charged properly without excess or deficiency according to the battery capacity before charging, the degree of deterioration of the battery over time, the use conditions and the standing time until charging, and the performance of the lead storage battery. It is intended to provide a charging method that can recover the battery.

密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂを複数個直列に接続して使用する場合の多段定電流充電方法において、充電電圧が所定第一電圧値Ｖ1に達するまで所定第一電流値Ｉ1で充電する第一段充電時間Ｔ1と、該第一電流値Ｉ1よりも小さい所定第二電流値Ｉ2で充電し始めてから、前記第一電圧値Ｖ1と略同じ第二電圧値Ｖ2に達した後、前記第一段充電時間Ｔ1を基準に延長した時間を含む第二段充電時間Ｔ2と、その後、前記第二電流値Ｉ2よりも更に小さい所定第三電流値Ｉ3で前記第一段充電時間Ｔ1及び第二段充電時間Ｔ2を基準に決定する第三段充電時間Ｔ3からなる多段定電流充電方法とする。
また、第二段充電時間Ｔ2が、密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂの定格能力を基に演算する略２０時間率電流での充電であることを特徴とする多段定電流充電方法とする。
更に、第三段充電時間Ｔ3が、密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂの定格能力を基に演算する４０〜７０時間率電流での充電であることを特徴とする多段定電流充電方法とする。 In a multi-stage constant current charging method when a plurality of sealed lead-acid batteries B are connected in series, the first stage is charged with a predetermined first current value I 1 until the charging voltage reaches the predetermined first voltage value V 1. After starting charging at a charging time T 1 and a predetermined second current value I 2 smaller than the first current value I 1 , after reaching a second voltage value V 2 that is substantially the same as the first voltage value V 1 , second stage charging time T 2, then, the second current value the first stage smaller at a predetermined third current value I 3 than I 2 including the first stage charging time T 1 time extended relative to the A multi-stage constant current charging method including a third stage charging time T 3 determined based on the charging time T 1 and the second stage charging time T 2 is used.
Further, the second stage charging time T 2 is charging with a current of approximately 20 hours rate calculated based on the rated capacity of the sealed lead-acid battery B.
Furthermore, the third stage charging time T 3 is charging at a current rate of 40 to 70 hours calculated based on the rated capacity of the sealed lead-acid battery B.

請求項１の発明にあっては、密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂを複数個直列に接続して使用する場合の多段定電流方法において、充電電圧Ｖが所定第一電圧値Ｖ1に達するまで所定第一電流値Ｉ1で充電する第一段充電時間Ｔ1と、該第一電流値Ｉ1よりも小さい所定第二電流値Ｉ2で充電し始めてから、前記第一電圧値Ｖ1と略同じ第二電圧値Ｖ2に達した後、前記第一段充電時間Ｔ1を基準に延長した時間を含む第二段充電時間Ｔ2の充電により、一定の第二電流値Ｉ2で充電し続け、この延長された時間に複数個直列に接続された各々の鉛蓄電池Ｂ，Ｂの容量の不均一化が解消され、容量を均等化させることができる。この容量均等化は、鉛蓄電池Ｂ自体の複数のセル間においても同様の容量均等化を行うこととなる。
また、第二段充電時間Ｔ2の延長時間は第一段充電時間Ｔ1を基準に延長されるので、鉛蓄電池Ｂの経年的な劣化状況や充電前の放置時間に応じて過不足のない適正な充電を行わせることが可能である。
更に、第二段充電時間Ｔ2後には、第二電流値Ｉ2よりも更に小さい所定第三電流値Ｉ3で前記第一段充電時間Ｔ1及び第二段充電時間Ｔ2を基準に決定する第三段充電時間Ｔ3の充電により、第二段充電時間Ｔ2終了時にわずかに残された硫酸鉛をゆっくりと還元、酸化させることができるので、多数回の充放電でのわずかな充電不足の蓄積による容量低下を防ぐことができ、充電不足を回避するとともに、過充電状態になることを極力抑制することが可能である。 In the invention of claim 1, sealed lead in a multistage constant current method when the storage battery B is used by connecting to each other in series, a predetermined first until the charging voltage V reaches a predetermined first voltage value V 1 a first stage charging time T 1 for charging at a current value I 1, from the start of charging in said first current value less a predetermined second current value I 2 than I 1, substantially the same first and the first voltage value V 1 after reaching second voltage value V 2, the charging of the second stage charge time T 2 including a time extending in the first stage relative to the charging time T 1, continues to charge with a constant second current value I 2, The non-uniformity of the capacity of each of the lead storage batteries B, B connected in series during the extended time is eliminated, and the capacity can be equalized. This capacity equalization also performs the same capacity equalization among a plurality of cells of the lead storage battery B itself.
In addition, since the extension time of the second stage charging time T 2 is extended with reference to the first stage charging time T 1 , there is no excess or deficiency according to the aging deterioration state of the lead storage battery B and the standing time before charging. Appropriate charging can be performed.
Furthermore, after the second stage charge time T 2, determined in the second current value smaller predetermined third current value I 3 in the first stage charging time T 1 and the second stage based on the charge time T 2 than I 2 The third stage charging time T 3 charging allows the lead sulfate remaining slightly at the end of the second stage charging time T 2 to be reduced and oxidized slowly. It is possible to prevent a decrease in capacity due to insufficient accumulation, avoid charging shortage, and suppress overcharging as much as possible.

請求項２に記載の発明にあっては、第二段充電時間Ｔ2が、密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂの定格能力を基に演算する略２０時間率電流での充電であるので、様々な定格能力の密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂを用いるに当たっても同様の効果を得ることができるとともに、効率良く充電することのできる第二段充電時間Ｔ2実行時のガス発生を極力抑制した充電を行うことが可能である。 In the invention described in claim 2, since the second-stage charging time T 2 is, it is charged in approximately 20 hour rate current calculated on the basis of the rated capacity of the sealed lead-acid battery B, a variety of rated capacity The same effect can be obtained even when the sealed lead-acid battery B is used, and it is possible to perform charging while suppressing gas generation at the time of the second stage charging time T 2 that can be efficiently charged as much as possible. is there.

請求項３に記載の発明にあっては、第三段充電時間Ｔ3が、密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂの定格能力を基に演算する４０〜７０時間率電流での充電であるので、密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂの使用状況、すなわち経年的な劣化状況に応じて、更に緻密な充電を行うことができ、鉛蓄電池Ｂの寿命を伸ばすことが可能である。 In the invention described in claim 3, since the third stage charge time T 3, are charged at 40 to 70 hour rate current calculated on the basis of the rated capacity of the sealed lead-acid battery B, sealed lead According to the usage state of the storage battery B, that is, the deterioration over time, it is possible to perform more precise charging, and the life of the lead storage battery B can be extended.

次に、電動車椅子に本発明の充電方法を用いた形態について説明する。この電動車椅子は機体の前後に各々左右一対の前輪１０及び後輪１１を備え、後輪１１上方を覆うリヤカバー１２を設けてある。リヤカバー１２内側には、駆動用のモータ１３、ギヤボックス１４、左右に配設した密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂ、走行や充電を制御するコントローラ１５、充電用のトランス１８等を設け、リヤカバー１２上方には単座のシート１６を設けてある。リヤカバー１２からは前輪１０にかけて操縦者が足を載せるステップ１７を形成してあり、該ステップ１７前部から上方に向けハンドルポスト１９を延設し、そのハンドルポスト１９上端部には操作ボックス２０と、該操作ボックス２０左右を囲むようにループ状のハンドル２１を設けてある。操縦者はシート１６に着座し、ハンドル２１を持って前輪１０を操舵しながら走行する構成である。   Next, the form which used the charging method of this invention for the electric wheelchair is demonstrated. This electric wheelchair is provided with a pair of left and right front wheels 10 and a rear wheel 11 on the front and rear of the body, respectively, and a rear cover 12 is provided to cover the upper part of the rear wheel 11. Inside the rear cover 12, a drive motor 13, a gear box 14, a sealed lead-acid battery B disposed on the left and right sides, a controller 15 for controlling running and charging, a charging transformer 18 and the like are provided above the rear cover 12. A single seat 16 is provided. A step 17 on which the operator puts his / her foot on the front wheel 10 is formed from the rear cover 12, and a handle post 19 is extended upward from the front portion of the step 17. A loop-shaped handle 21 is provided so as to surround the left and right of the operation box 20. The operator sits on the seat 16 and travels while holding the handle 21 and steering the front wheel 10.

前記操作ボックス２０には、前後進切替スイッチ５や電池容量メーター６、変速ダイヤル７、ホーンスイッチ８、左右のウインカースイッチ９等が配置される。操作ボックス２０後部にはキースイッチ２２を設け、操作ボックス２０右側部からアクセル軸２３を突出させ、その先端部に平面視Ｌ字形状のアクセルレバー２４を取着してある。このアクセルレバー２４の把持部２８は、ハンドル２１よりも高位置に設けてあり、アクセル軸２３を支点に後方へ回動可能に構成してある。
アクセルレバー２４は、手を放すと機体が停止するようにスプリングによって前方へ向け付勢されており、アクセルレバー２４を後側ハンドル２１とともに握って後方へ向け回動させると、モータ１３が駆動し走行することができる。アクセルレバー２４は、後方へ向け回動させる角度が大きくなるほど増速し、その最高速度は変速ダイヤル７により決定され、変速ダイヤル７の前進側最高速度は６ｋｍ／ｈに設定してある。 The operation box 20 includes a forward / reverse selector switch 5, a battery capacity meter 6, a speed change dial 7, a horn switch 8, left and right turn signal switches 9, and the like. A key switch 22 is provided at the rear portion of the operation box 20, the accelerator shaft 23 is projected from the right side portion of the operation box 20, and an L-shaped accelerator lever 24 is attached to the front end portion thereof. The grip portion 28 of the accelerator lever 24 is provided at a higher position than the handle 21, and is configured to be able to rotate backward about the accelerator shaft 23 as a fulcrum.
The accelerator lever 24 is biased forward by a spring so that the airframe stops when the hand is released. When the accelerator lever 24 is grasped together with the rear handle 21 and rotated rearward, the motor 13 is driven. You can travel. The accelerator lever 24 increases as the angle of turning backward increases, and the maximum speed is determined by the speed change dial 7, and the maximum speed on the forward side of the speed change dial 7 is set to 6 km / h.

本実施例の電動車椅子の密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂは、各２Ｖのセル６個を直列に接続した１２Ｖ鉛蓄電池Ｂであり、この１２Ｖ鉛蓄電池Ｂを左右一対に配設するとともに、２個の鉛蓄電池Ｂを直列に接続した構成の３５Ａｈ定格能力を持つ電池である。
この密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂの充電は、該密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂ上方に設けたコードリール３０のコード３１を引き出し、一般家庭用電源コンセントに差し込んで行う。 The sealed lead-acid battery B of the electric wheelchair of the present embodiment is a 12V lead-acid battery B in which six 2V cells are connected in series. The 12V lead-acid battery B is disposed in a pair on the left and right, and two lead It is a battery having a 35 Ah rated capacity in which the storage battery B is connected in series.
The sealed lead-acid battery B is charged by pulling out the cord 31 of the cord reel 30 provided above the sealed lead-acid battery B and inserting it into a general household power outlet.

次に、本実施例の電動車椅子の充電方法について説明する。図１は、本発明の充電特性を示した動作グラフであり、充電中の鉛蓄電池Ｂの電圧と電流を縦軸に、横軸には時間を示してその変化を表した図である。
まず、所定第一電流値Ｉ1（４．５Ａ）の定電流充電を開始すると、充電電圧が徐々に高くなる。この充電電圧が所定電圧値Ｖ1（２９．８Ｖ）になるまで第一電流値Ｉ1の定電流充電が行われるが、この時間を第一段充電時間Ｔ1として記憶する。
次に、第一電流値Ｉ1よりも小さい第二電流値Ｉ2（１．７５Ａ）での充電が開始され、第二電流値Ｉ2での定電流充電を継続すると、第一段充電時間Ｔ1終了時に一時的に低下していた充電電圧が再び上昇する。この時、第一電圧値Ｖ1と略同じ第二電圧値Ｖ2（３０．６Ｖ）に達した後、第一段充電時間Ｔ1を基準に演算した時間分が延長される。従って第二電流値Ｉ2での定電流充電は、第二電流値Ｉ2で充電し始めてから、充電電圧が第二電圧値Ｖ2に達した後に、第一段充電時間Ｔ1を基準に演算した延長時間分を含む合計時間が第二段充電時間Ｔ2である。尚、本実施例における延長時間の演算は、Ｔ1×０．１２＋１０分で求めるが、この演算式に限定するものではない。
また、第一段充電時間Ｔ1の間に、第一電流値Ｉ1より大きい電流値、例えば７Ａで定電流充電を行い、充電電圧が所定の第一電圧値Ｖ1に達した後、第一電流値Ｉ1よりも小さく、且つ、第二電流値Ｉ2よりも大きい電流値、例えば３．５Ａの定電流充電域を設け、この時の充電電圧が第一電圧値Ｖ1に達すれば第二段充電時間Ｔ2へ移行するという充電方法であってもよい。従って、本実施例の三段定電流充電方法の定電流充電段数を増加させる場合には、第一段充電時間Ｔ1の間に複数段の定電流充電を行うことが好ましい。
第二段充電時間Ｔ2が終了すると、第二電流値Ｉ2よりも小さい第三電流値Ｉ3（０．７５Ａ）での定電流充電を開始する。この第三段充電時間Ｔ3は、第一段充電時間Ｔ1と第二段充電時間Ｔ2とを基準に決定し、本実施例においては、Ｔ3＝（Ｔ1＋Ｔ2）×０．３５の演算により第三段充電時間Ｔ3を決定している。この第三段充電時間Ｔ3を求める演算式も限定するものではなく、各々のメーカー別に製造される鉛蓄電池Ｂに応じて最適な値になるよう変更してもよい。尚、第一電圧値Ｖ1、及び第二電圧値Ｖ2は、２０℃換算値であり、−６０ｍＶ／℃で温度補正している。 Next, a method for charging the electric wheelchair according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is an operation graph showing the charging characteristics of the present invention, in which the voltage and current of the lead storage battery B being charged are plotted on the vertical axis and the horizontal axis represents time, and the change is shown.
First, when constant current charging at a predetermined first current value I 1 (4.5 A) is started, the charging voltage gradually increases. The constant current charging of the first current value I 1 is performed until the charging voltage reaches the predetermined voltage value V 1 (29.8 V), and this time is stored as the first stage charging time T 1 .
Next, when charging at the second current value I 2 (1.75 A) smaller than the first current value I 1 is started and constant current charging at the second current value I 2 is continued, the first stage charging time is reached. The charging voltage that was temporarily reduced at the end of T 1 rises again. At this time, after reaching the second voltage value V 2 (30.6 V) substantially the same as the first voltage value V 1 , the time calculated based on the first stage charging time T 1 is extended. Thus a constant current charging at the second current value I 2 from the beginning to charge the second current value I 2, after the charging voltage has reached the second voltage value V 2, on the basis of the T 1 first stage charging time the total time including the extension time period computed is a second-stage charging time T 2. In addition, although the calculation of the extension time in this embodiment is obtained in T 1 × 0.12 + 10 minutes, it is not limited to this calculation formula.
Further, during the first stage charging time T 1 , constant current charging is performed at a current value larger than the first current value I 1 , for example, 7 A, and after the charging voltage reaches a predetermined first voltage value V 1 , If a current value smaller than one current value I 1 and larger than the second current value I 2 , for example, a constant current charging region of 3.5 A is provided, and the charging voltage at this time reaches the first voltage value V 1 A charging method of shifting to the second stage charging time T 2 may be used. Therefore, when increasing the number of constant current charging stages in the three-stage constant current charging method of the present embodiment, it is preferable to perform a plurality of stages of constant current charging during the first stage charging time T 1 .
When the second stage charging time T 2 ends, constant current charging at a third current value I 3 (0.75 A) smaller than the second current value I 2 is started. The third stage charging time T 3 is determined based on the first stage charging time T 1 and the second stage charging time T 2, and in this embodiment, T 3 = (T 1 + T 2 ) × 0. The third stage charging time T 3 is determined by 35 calculations. The third stage operational expression for calculating the charging time T 3 is also not limited, may be modified to become an optimum value in accordance with the lead-acid battery B manufactured by each manufacturer. The first voltage value V 1 and the second voltage value V 2 are 20 ° C. converted values, and the temperature is corrected at −60 mV / ° C.

すなわち第一段充電時間Ｔ1は、４．５Ａ定電流充電で充電電圧Ｖが２９．８Ｖに達するまでの時間であり、第二段充電時間Ｔ2は、１．７５Ａ定電流充電で充電電圧Ｖが３０．６Ｖに達してから、第一段充電時間Ｔ1に０．１２を乗じて１０分を加えた時間を延長した時間であり、第三段充電時間Ｔ3は、０．７５Ａ定電流充電で第一段充電時間Ｔ１と第二段充電時間Ｔ2を加算した数に０．３５を乗じた時間である。
尚、第二段充電時間Ｔ2中の第二電流値Ｉ2は１．７５Ａ、第三段充電時間Ｔ3中の第三電流Ｉ3は、０．７５Ａに設定してあり、本実施例の密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂの定格能力は３５Ａｈである。従って第二段充電時間Ｔ2では、３５Ａｈ／１．７５Ａの２０時間率電流で充電を行い、第三段充電時間Ｔ3では、３５Ａｈ／０．７５の４７時間率で充電を行うこととしてある。この第三段充電時間Ｔ3は、４０〜７０時間率電流程度で充電することがよく、実用的な充電時間や密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂへの悪影響を考慮した場合、５０時間率電流程度で充電することが好ましい。 That is, the first stage charging time T 1 is the time until the charging voltage V reaches 29.8 V in 4.5 A constant current charging, and the second stage charging time T 2 is the charging voltage in 1.75 A constant current charging. After V reaches 30.6 V, the first stage charging time T 1 is multiplied by 0.12 and 10 minutes is added, and the third stage charging time T 3 is 0.75 A constant. This is a time obtained by multiplying the number obtained by adding the first stage charging time T 1 and the second stage charging time T 2 by 0.35 in current charging.
Incidentally, the second current value I 2 of the second in the two-stage charging time T 2 are 1.75A, third current I 3 of the in third stage charging time T 3 is and have set the 0.75A, this embodiment The rated capacity of the sealed lead-acid battery B is 35 Ah. Therefore, in the second stage charging time T 2 , charging is performed at a 20 hour rate current of 35 Ah / 1.75 A, and in the third stage charging time T 3 , charging is performed at a 47 hour rate of 35 Ah / 0.75. . The third stage charging time T 3 may be charged with from 40 to 70-hour rate current order, when considering the adverse practical charging time and sealed lead-acid battery B, charged in about 50 hours rate current It is preferable to do.

次に充電中の密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂが各充電段階でどのような状態になるかを説明する。第一段充電時間Ｔ1中は、従来より知られている定電流充電を行い、この間に放電電気量の約８０％が充電されることとなる。
第二段充電時間Ｔ2中は、第一段充電時間Ｔ1中に４．５Ａの大きい電流で充電し、鉛蓄電池Ｂ内の水の電気分解反応が生じ始めたものを、充電電流を１．７５Ａに下げることで沈静化する。この時の充電効率は良く、１．７５Ａでの充電が進み、活性な硫酸鉛がほとんど消費されると、再び充電電圧が急上昇し、３０．６Ｖを検出してから更に１．７５Ａの定電流充電を延長継続する。この時点では放電電気量の約９８％が充電された状態となる。充電電圧が３０．６Ｖを越える状態、すなわち電位が高い状態になると、水の電気分解とガス吸収（分解したガスを陰極で吸収する)反応により充電効率は悪くなるが、鉛蓄電池Ｂの充電不足状態にあるセルへの充電が進行するとともに、左右各々の鉛蓄電池Ｂ，Ｂ間の充電不足状態となっている側の鉛蓄電池Ｂへの充電が進行することにより、セル間及び鉛蓄電池Ｂ，Ｂ間の不均一状態を解消させることができる。尚、充電電圧が３０．６Ｖを越えてからの充電延長時間については、第一段充電時間Ｔ1を基準に演算され、延長時間は変化するので、鉛蓄電池Ｂの劣化の度合に応じて適正な充電を行うことができる。
第二段充電時間Ｔ2終了後は、最後に第三段充電時間Ｔ3を０．７５Ａの定電流で残されていたわずかな硫酸鉛をゆっくりと還元及び酸化させる充電を行う。これは仮に１．７５Ａの定電流充電を継続した場合に、鉛蓄電池Ｂ内でガス吸収反応が優先されるばかりではなく、陽極接合部が酸化することにより劣化を招くこととなるからである。 Next, the state of the sealed lead-acid battery B being charged will be described at each charging stage. Among T 1 first stage charging time, a constant current charging conventionally known, about 80% of the discharged amount of electricity is to be charged during this time.
During the second stage charging time T 2 , charging is performed with a large current of 4.5 A during the first stage charging time T 1 , and the charge current is set to 1 when the electrolysis reaction of the water in the lead storage battery B starts to occur. It calms down by lowering to .75A. The charging efficiency at this time is good, and when charging at 1.75 A progresses and most of the active lead sulfate is consumed, the charging voltage suddenly rises again, and after detecting 30.6 V, a constant current of 1.75 A further Continue to extend the charge. At this point, approximately 98% of the discharged electricity is charged. When the charging voltage exceeds 30.6V, that is, when the potential is high, charging efficiency deteriorates due to the reaction of water electrolysis and gas absorption (the decomposed gas is absorbed at the cathode), but the lead storage battery B is insufficiently charged. As the charging of the cells in the state proceeds, the charging of the lead storage battery B on the side that is in a state of insufficient charge between the left and right lead storage batteries B, B proceeds, so that the inter-cell and lead storage batteries B, The non-uniform state between B can be eliminated. The charge extension time after the charge voltage exceeds 30.6 V is calculated based on the first stage charge time T 1 , and the extension time changes. Therefore, it is appropriate depending on the degree of deterioration of the lead storage battery B. Can be recharged.
Second stage charging time T 2 after the end of the charging to the last third stage slowly slight lead sulfate was left the charging time T 3 at a constant current of 0.75A reduction and oxidation. This is because, if the constant current charging of 1.75 A is continued, not only the gas absorption reaction is prioritized in the lead storage battery B, but also the deterioration of the anode junction is caused by oxidation.

第一段充電時間Ｔ1が短くなる状態（第一電圧値Ｖ1に達するまでの時間が短い状態）は、浅い放電時の充電を行う場合や放置により充電受入が低下した場合であり、この状態で次工程の第二段充電時間Ｔ2に入ると、第二電圧値Ｖ2に達するまでの時間が長くなり、該第一段充電時間Ｔ1を基に演算される第二電圧値Ｖ2に達した後の延長時間は短くなるが、第二段充電時間Ｔ2全体としては長くなり、第二段充電時間Ｔ2及び第三段充電時間Ｔ3で充電不足を解消可能である。従って第一段充電時間Ｔ1が短くなるような放電状態からの充電では、第二段充電時間Ｔ2及び第三段充電時間Ｔ3が長くなって充電不足を解消し、第一充電時間Ｔ1が長くなるような深い放電状態からの充電では、第二段充電時間Ｔ2が短くなって充電時間の短縮と過充電防止ができることとなり、密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂの放電状態に応じた適正な充電時間での充電が可能である。
更に、第一段充電時間Ｔ1のみを基準に第三段充電時間Ｔ3を決定したのでは、第一段充電時間Ｔ1が短い場合には第三段充電時間Ｔ3も短くなるという不都合があるが、本発明では、第一段充電時間Ｔ1と第二段充電時間Ｔ2との両方を基準にして第三段充電時間Ｔ3を決定するので、第一段充電時間Ｔ1が短くなると第二段充電時間Ｔ2と第三段充電時間Ｔ3が長くなることで鉛蓄電池Ｂを充分に回復させることが可能である。 The state in which the first stage charging time T 1 is short (the state in which the time to reach the first voltage value V 1 is short) is when charging at shallow discharge or when charging acceptance is reduced due to neglect. When the second stage charging time T 2 of the next process is entered in this state, the time until the second voltage value V 2 is reached becomes longer, and the second voltage value V calculated based on the first stage charging time T 1 is increased. While extended time after reaching 2 becomes shorter, longer the whole second stage charge time T 2, it is possible to eliminate insufficient charging in the second stage charge time T 2 and the third-stage charging time T 3. Therefore, in charging from a discharge state in which the first stage charging time T 1 is shortened, the second stage charging time T 2 and the third stage charging time T 3 are lengthened to eliminate the shortage of charging, and the first charging time T In charging from a deep discharge state in which 1 becomes longer, the second stage charging time T 2 is shortened, so that the charging time can be shortened and overcharge can be prevented, which is appropriate for the discharge state of the sealed lead-acid battery B. Charging with charging time is possible.
Further, disadvantageously the first stage reference only charging time T 1 than was determined third stage charge time T 3, when T 1 first stage charging time is short is shorter third stage charge time T 3 However, in the present invention, since the third stage charging time T 3 is determined based on both the first stage charging time T 1 and the second stage charging time T 2 , the first stage charging time T 1 is If it becomes shorter, the second stage charging time T 2 and the third stage charging time T 3 become longer, so that the lead storage battery B can be sufficiently recovered.

従って本発明の多段定電流充電方法は、経年的な劣化や放電電気量のばらつき等により刻々と変化する鉛蓄電池Ｂに対して、その状態に応じた適正な充電を行うことが可能で、充電不足状態での繰り返し充電を回避しつつ、過充電を極力抑制することができる。また、第二段充電時間Ｔ2の最終工程で、所定第二電圧値Ｖ2に達した後の延長時間を設けてあるので、この間に密閉型鉛蓄電池Ｂ自体の各セル間、至乃複数個の鉛蓄電池Ｂ，Ｂ間の容量を均等化させることができる。 Therefore, the multistage constant current charging method of the present invention can perform appropriate charging according to the state of the lead storage battery B that changes every moment due to deterioration over time, variation in the amount of discharged electricity, etc. Overcharging can be suppressed as much as possible while avoiding repeated charging in an insufficient state. Further, in the final step of the second stage charging time T 2 , an extension time after reaching the predetermined second voltage value V 2 is provided, and during this time, between the cells of the sealed lead-acid battery B itself, The capacity between the lead acid batteries B and B can be equalized.

充電特性を示す動作グラフOperation graph showing charging characteristics 実施例を示す電動車椅子の平面図Top view of an electric wheelchair showing an embodiment その側面図Its side view

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

Ｂ 鉛蓄電池
Ｉ1 第一電流値
Ｉ2 第二電流値
Ｉ3 第三電流値
Ｔ1 第一段充電時間
Ｔ2 第二段充電時間
Ｔ3 第三段充電時間
Ｖ1 第一電圧値
Ｖ2 第二電圧値 B Lead acid battery I 1 1st current value I 2 2nd current value I 3 3rd current value T 1 1st stage charging time T 2 2nd stage charging time T 3 3rd stage charging time V 1 1st voltage value V 2 Second voltage value

Claims (3)

密閉型鉛蓄電池（Ｂ）を複数個直列に接続して使用する場合の多段定電流充電方法において、充電電圧が所定第一電圧値（Ｖ1）に達するまで所定第一電流値（Ｉ1）で充電する第一段充電時間（Ｔ1）と、該第一電流値（Ｉ1）よりも小さい所定第二電流値（Ｉ2）で充電し始めてから、前記第一電圧値（Ｖ1）と略同じ第二電圧値（Ｖ2）に達した後、前記第一段充電時間（Ｔ1）を基準に延長した時間を含む第二段充電時間（Ｔ2）と、その後、前記第二電流値（Ｉ2）よりも更に小さい所定第三電流値（Ｉ3）で前記第一段充電時間（Ｔ1）及び第二段充電時間（Ｔ2）を基準に決定する第三段充電時間（Ｔ3）からなる多段定電流充電方法。 In multi-stage constant current charging method of using sealed lead-acid battery (B) is connected to each other in series, a predetermined first current value until the charge voltage reaches a predetermined first voltage value (V 1) (I 1) in a first stage charging time for charging (T 1) and, said first current value (I 1) smaller predetermined second current value than from the start of charging in (I 2), said first voltage value (V 1) After reaching the second voltage value (V 2 ) substantially the same as the second stage charging time (T 2 ) including the time extended with respect to the first stage charging time (T 1 ), and then the second stage charging time (T 2 ). Third stage charging time determined based on the first stage charging time (T 1 ) and the second stage charging time (T 2 ) with a predetermined third current value (I 3 ) that is smaller than the current value (I 2 ). A multi-stage constant current charging method comprising (T 3 ). 第二段充電時間（Ｔ2）が、密閉型鉛蓄電池（Ｂ）の定格能力を基に演算する略２０時間率電流での充電であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の多段定電流充電方法。 2. The multistage constant current according to claim 1, wherein the second stage charging time (T 2 ) is charging at a current of approximately 20 hours rate calculated based on the rated capacity of the sealed lead-acid battery (B). Charging method. 第三段充電時間（Ｔ3）が、密閉型鉛蓄電池（Ｂ）の定格能力を基に演算する４０〜７０時間率電流での充電であることを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２に記載の多段定電流充電方法。 The third stage charging time (T 3 ) is charging with a current of 40 to 70 hours calculated based on the rated capacity of the sealed lead-acid battery (B). The multistage constant current charging method described.
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