JP4122422B2 - Novel microorganism and method for degrading chlorinated dioxins - Google Patents
Novel microorganism and method for degrading chlorinated dioxins Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、難分解性有機塩素化合物、特にダイオキシン類の分解能に優れた新規な微生物およびこの微生物を用いた難分解性有機塩素化合物の分解方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
難分解性ハロゲン化芳香族化合物、特にダイオキシン類は、人体に対して非常に高い毒性と催奇性を示し、また疎水的な性質から食物連鎖による生物濃縮が行われる。
近年、これらのダイオキシン類が化学物質の生成過程や廃棄物の燃焼過程で非意図的に生成し、焼却灰や廃棄物処分場の浸出水などを介して拡散する地球規模での環境汚染が大きな社会問題となっている。
ダイオキシン類は熱処理や化学的処理により分解することが可能なものであるが、環境中、特に土壌や河川の底泥などに低濃度で存在しており、その処理を前述の方法で行った場合には、効率が悪くまた経済的にも負担が大きい。
【0003】
このような問題を解決するために、微生物を用いて塩化ダイオシキンを分解する方法が考えられ、シュ−ドモナス、スフィンゴモナス属やテラバクター属など、幾つかのダイオキシン分解能を有する微生物についての報告がなされている。
しかしながら、従来公知の塩化ダイオキシン類分解生成物には、次のような問題点があった。
▲1▼分解機構として共代謝(コメタボリズム)を伴うため、その栄養源として他の炭素源を供給する必要がある。
▲2▼高塩素化ダイオキシン類の分解能に劣る。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、栄養源として新たな他の炭素源を必要とせず、しかも難分解性芳香族化合物特に塩化ダイオキシン類の分解能力に優れた新規微生物およびこれを用いた難分解性芳香族化合物の工業的に有利な分解方法を提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記課題を解決するために有効な新規微生物を全国各地の土壌及び産業排水処理場の活性汚泥等に求め探索した結果、コリネバクテリウム属の中の特定な菌株が有効であるとの知見を得た。
【0006】
即ち、本発明によれば、第一に、ジベンゾ−p−ダイオキシンの資化能力を持ち、かつ塩素化ダイオキシンの分解・資化能力を有する、寄託番号がFERM P−18501である、コリネバクテリウム ウレアリティクム NK32菌株が提供される。
第二に、第一に記載の菌株を用いることを特徴とする塩素化ダイオキシンの分解方法が提供される。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に係る新規微生物は、次のような行程によって天然から分離することにより得られる。
全国30ヶ所から土壌、産業排水処理場の活性汚泥等のサンプル約50点を採取し、まず、試験管に20ml の最少培地(組成:1000mlあたり 4.1 g Na2HPO4・2H20; 0.4 g KH2PO4; 0.5 g (NH4)2SO4; 0.1 g MgCl2・6H2O; 50 mg Ca(NO3)2・4H2O; 20 mg Fe(NH4)2- citrate, 0.1ml a trace element solution without EDTA)と最終濃度0.2 mM のジベンゾフランを加え、採取試料約0.1gを加えて攪拌する。これを約1週間、30度にて培養し、試験管内における培養液の色や濁度の変化を観察し、変化のあった培養液から20μl を採取して、上記の組成の培地に接種して培養し、この操作を5回繰り返し、ジベンゾフランを分解・資化する菌を検索した。培養にて抽出した菌は0.2 mM のジベンゾフランを含む最少寒天培地でコロニーを単一化する。この単一菌を0.1 mM 無塩化ダイオキシンを含む液体最少培地で約7日間、30度にて振盪培養する。これらの菌株からダイオキシンの分解・資化能力を有するものとして得られた菌株が本発明に係る新規微生物であり、コリネバクテリウム・ウレアリティクム NK32株と命名する。
この菌株は、茨城県内で採取されたサンプル(土壌)から分離されたもので、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 特許生物寄託センターに寄託されており、その受託番号はFERM P-18501である。
【0008】
次に、本発明に係る菌株の細菌学的性質を以下に示す。
【0009】
以上の諸性質をバージェイのマニュアル オブ ディターミナティブ バクテリオロジー第8版(Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8 th edition)に基づいて検索したところ、上記性質から本菌はコリネバクテリウム属に属し、コリネバクテリウム・ウレアリティクムに該当すると認められた。しかし、本菌はコリネバクテリウム・ウレアリティクムに属する公知の菌株とは黄色色素産生、β-ガラクトシダーゼ陽性、エスクリン加水分解陽性等に差異があり、新規な菌株と考えられる。なお、本菌は、例えばLB 培地で生育させた後に、350μl のグリセリンに750μl の生育菌を入れ、良く攪拌した後に、-80℃にて維持するといった条件で、保存することができる。
【0010】
本発明に係る新規微生物は、難分解性芳香族化合物に対して、優れた資化能力と分解能力を示す。
対象となる難分解性芳香族化合物としては、芳香環を有する化合物の全て包含され、単素環あるいは複素環の何れであってもよく、またハロゲン、水酸基、カルボキシル基などで置換されていてもよい。
【0011】
単素環としては、ベンゼン;クロロベンゼン等の置換基を有するベンゼン;安息香酸;フェノール;カテコール;サリチル酸;インドール;トルエン等が挙げられる。また複素環としては、ダイベンゾチオフェン;フルオレン−9−オン;キサンテン;ビフェニル;フルオレン;ベンゾフェノン;キサンテン−9−オン;アントロン;ナフタレン;ダイベンゾスベレノンなどが包含される。
【0012】
また、本発明の対象となる難分解性芳香族化合物には、ジベンゾフラン、PCDDs(ポリ塩化ジベンゾダイオキシン類)やPCDFs(ポリ塩化ジベンゾフラン類)等に代表されるダイオキシン類も包含される。
【0013】
特に、本発明に係る新規微生物は、後記実施例に示されるように、PCDDs(ポリ塩化ジベンゾダイオキシン類)やPCDFs(ポリ塩化ジベンゾフラン類)等に代表される塩素化ダイオキシン類と環境中で共存すると言われているジベンゾ−p−ダイオキシンを栄養源として増殖し、塩素化ダイオキシン類の中でも極めて毒性の高い、2,3,7,8の何れかの位置に塩素が置換されたダイオキシン類の分解能に優れたものである。
【0014】
従って、本発明に係る新規微生物は、従来のように、栄養源として新たな他の炭素源を必要とせず、2,3,7,8の何れかの位置に塩素が置換されたダイオキシン類を効率よく分解できるので、工業的に極めて有用なものということができる。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下、本発明に係る新規微生物の性質を試験の結果に基づいて説明する。
【0016】
(1) ダイオキシンの資化能力
ダイオキシンの資化能力は次のような試験により判定した。0.1mMのダイベンゾ-p-ダイオキシンを含む液体最少培地20mlに菌株を植菌し、30℃にて振盪培養する。培養24時間ごとに培養液を採取し、培養液の濁度を分光光度計 [ヒュレットパッカード社製HP8452] にて測定して、菌の生育の良否を観察し、資化能力の有無について判定する。またコントロールとしてCorynebacterium glutamicum
IAM 12435 を植菌したものを振盪培養した。
本試験の結果は、図1に示した。本発明に係る菌株コリネバクテリウム・ウレアリティクム(Corynebacterium urealyticm)NK32株は、公知のCorynebacterium glutamicum IAM 12435 と異なり、ジベンゾフランを栄養源として生育することが認められ、ダイオキシンに対して優れた資化能力を有することが分かる。
【0017】
(2)芳香族化合物の資化能力
芳香族化合物の資化能力は次のような試験により判定した。0.2 mM の芳香族化合物を含む最少液体培地に菌株を植菌し、30℃で約72 時間培養する。72時間培養した後に菌の生育の良否を観察し、資化能力の有無について判定する。
本試験の結果は、表1に示すとおりであり、本発明に係る菌株コリネバクテリウム・ウレアリティクム(Corynebacterium urealyticm)NK32株はダイベンゾチオフェン、ナフタレン、ビフェニルなどの複環の芳香族化合物とともに、トルエン、ベンゼン、フェノールなどの単環の芳香族化合物などを栄養源として生育が認められた。従って幅広い化合物に対して資化能力を有し、既に知られている他の菌株より優れた芳香族化合物の資化能力を有することが分かる。
【0018】
【表1】
【0019】
(3)塩化ダイオキシンの分解試験
本試験は各種ダイオキシンの異性体の分解性を調査するために行ったものであり、次のような手順による。本発明に係る菌(Corynebacterium urealyticm NK32)をシャーレから1白金耳採取し、最少培地50 ml を入れた培養フラスコ(容量100ml )に添加する。これを30 ℃で72 時間振盪培養(120rpm) する。この培養液を6,000rpm で15 分間の遠心分離にかけ、菌体を集めて燐酸バファー (pH7.5) で3回洗浄する。そして、最少培地5ml が入った培養フラスコ(容量50ml)に塩化ダイオキシン1ppm を入れ、上記菌体を加える。これを30℃で7日間振盪培養する。
【0020】
培養後、培養液に5 ml の酢酸エチルを加えて塩化ダイオキシンを抽出する。得られた抽出液のうち、1ml を窒素ガスの噴射によって濃縮する。この液中の塩化ダイオキシンをガスクロマトグラフーマススペクトロメータ(GC-MS)[ヒューレットパッカード社製HP5890, HP5971A] を用いて分析を行う。カラムとしては 内径0.25mm×長さ30m カラムDB5 を用いた。昇温条件は80〜280℃まで10分間で昇温させる。また、ヘリウムガスの流量は0.8 ml/minにて行う。
なお、塩化ダイオキシンの分解成分の同定及び定量にはおのおの市販の標準品を用いることができる。
本試験による分解率を次の式によって算出し、その分解試験結果を表2に示す。
【0021】
【式1】
分解率(%)=(検出塩素化ダイオキシン量/添加ダイオキシン量)×100
【0022】
【表2】
【0023】
一般に、塩化ダイオキシンには塩素の置換している数や位置によって、75種類の異性体が存在し、毒性の高いものは2,3,7,8の何れかの位置、特にジ、トリテトラ体であり、微生物によるダイオキシンの分解能力はダイオキシン分子中の塩素の数が多くなるに従いその能力が低減すると言われているが、本菌は塩素の置換数(モノ置換)が1の場合よりも複数(ポリ置換)のものすなわち毒性の高いダイオキシンに対してその分解能力が向上していることが分かる。また、3塩素化に対しても分解性を有していることが分かる。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明に係る新規微生物は、ダイオキシンや多くの種類の芳香族化合物の資化能力を有するとともに、塩化ダイオキシンの高い分解能力を有しているので、他の炭素源を加えることなしに、汚染水や汚染土壌にて生育させ、維持することができる。従って、河川水、下水等を汚染する塩化ダイオキシンの分解・処理、塩化ダイオキシンによって汚染された土壌等の浄化に用いることができる。また、この新規微生物は、高塩化物、例えば3塩素化程度の塩化ダイオキシンに対して分解性を有し、高塩化物を含む汚染水や汚染土壌の処理に用いることができ、さらに毒性を有する2,3,7,8,位へ塩素が置換した塩化ダイオキシンの分解処理に用いることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】ダイオキシンを栄養源として生育するコリネバクテリウム・ウレアリティクム (Corynebacterium urealyticm)NK32 株の増殖曲線のグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel microorganism excellent in resolution of hardly decomposable organochlorine compounds, particularly dioxins, and a method for degrading hardly decomposable organochlorine compounds using this microorganism.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Refractory halogenated aromatic compounds, particularly dioxins, are extremely toxic and teratogenic to the human body, and are bioconcentrated by the food chain due to their hydrophobic nature.
In recent years, these dioxins are unintentionally produced during the production process of chemical substances and the combustion process of waste, and the global environmental pollution that spreads through incineration ash and leachate from waste disposal sites is significant. It has become a social problem.
Dioxins can be decomposed by heat treatment or chemical treatment, but they are present at low concentrations in the environment, especially in soil and river bottom mud. Is inefficient and economically expensive.
[0003]
In order to solve such a problem, a method of degrading diiochin chloride using a microorganism is considered, and reports have been made on microorganisms having several dioxin-degrading properties such as Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Terrabacter. Yes.
However, the conventionally known chlorinated dioxins decomposition products have the following problems.
(1) Since co-metabolism is involved as a decomposition mechanism, it is necessary to supply another carbon source as a nutrient source.
(2) Poor resolution of highly chlorinated dioxins.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the object thereof is that it does not require any other new carbon source as a nutrient source, and is excellent in the ability to decompose hardly decomposable aromatic compounds, particularly chlorinated dioxins. It is an object of the present invention to provide an industrially advantageous decomposition method of a novel microorganism and a hardly decomposable aromatic compound using the same.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of searching for new microorganisms effective for solving the above-mentioned problems in soil and activated sludge of industrial wastewater treatment plants throughout the country, the inventors have found that a specific strain in the genus Corynebacterium is effective. The knowledge that there is.
[0006]
That is, according to the present invention, firstly, Corynebacterium which has the ability to assimilate dibenzo-p-dioxin and has the ability to decompose and assimilate chlorinated dioxins and whose deposit number is FERM P-18501. Urealyticum NK32 strain is provided.
Second, there is provided a method for degrading chlorinated dioxins characterized by using the strain described in the first.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The novel microorganism according to the present invention can be obtained by separation from nature by the following process.
Approximately 50 samples of soil, activated sludge from industrial wastewater treatment plants, etc. were collected from 30 locations nationwide. First, 20 ml of minimum medium (composition: 4.1 g per 1000 ml Na 2 HPO 4 ·
This strain was isolated from a sample (soil) collected in Ibaraki Prefecture, and deposited with the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. The deposit number is FERM P-18501.
[0008]
Next, the bacteriological properties of the strain according to the present invention are shown below.
[0009]
The above properties were searched based on the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th edition, and from the above properties, this bacterium belongs to the genus Corynebacterium, Approved as Um Urearitikum. However, this strain is considered to be a novel strain because it differs from known strains belonging to Corynebacterium urealyticum in yellow pigment production, β-galactosidase positive, esculin hydrolysis positive, and the like. The bacterium can be stored under the condition that, for example, the bacterium is grown in LB medium, 750 μl of the bacterium is added to 350 μl of glycerin, stirred well, and then maintained at −80 ° C.
[0010]
The novel microorganism according to the present invention exhibits excellent assimilation ability and decomposition ability with respect to hardly decomposable aromatic compounds.
As the target hardly decomposable aromatic compound, all compounds having an aromatic ring are included, which may be either a monocyclic ring or a heterocyclic ring, and may be substituted with a halogen, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, or the like. Good.
[0011]
Examples of the monocyclic ring include benzene; benzene having a substituent such as chlorobenzene; benzoic acid; phenol; catechol; salicylic acid; indole; The heterocycle includes dibenzothiophene; fluoren-9-one; xanthene; biphenyl; fluorene; benzophenone; xanthen-9-one; anthrone; naphthalene;
[0012]
Further, the hardly decomposable aromatic compounds that are the subject of the present invention also include dioxins represented by dibenzofuran, PCDDs (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins), PCDFs (polychlorinated dibenzofurans), and the like.
[0013]
In particular, the novel microorganism according to the present invention coexists in the environment with chlorinated dioxins typified by PCDDs (polychlorinated dibenzodioxins) and PCDFs (polychlorinated dibenzofurans), as shown in the Examples below. It grows using dibenzo-p-dioxin, which is said to be a nutrient source, and is extremely toxic among chlorinated dioxins, with the resolution of dioxins in which chlorine is substituted at any of positions 2, 3, 7, and 8. It is excellent.
[0014]
Therefore, the novel microorganism according to the present invention does not require a new other carbon source as a nutrient source as in the prior art, and dioxins in which chlorine is substituted at any of positions 2, 3, 7, and 8. Since it can be decomposed efficiently, it can be said that it is extremely useful industrially.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the properties of the novel microorganism according to the present invention will be described based on the test results.
[0016]
(1) Dioxin utilization ability Dioxin utilization ability was determined by the following test. The strain is inoculated into 20 ml of a liquid minimal medium containing 0.1 mM dibenzo-p-dioxin and cultured at 30 ° C. with shaking. The culture solution is collected every 24 hours, and the turbidity of the culture solution is measured with a spectrophotometer [HP8452 manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Company], and the growth of the bacteria is observed to determine whether there is an assimilation ability To do. As a control, Corynebacterium glutamicum
What inoculated IAM 12435 was cultured with shaking.
The results of this test are shown in FIG. Unlike the known Corynebacterium glutamicum IAM 12435, the strain Corynebacterium urealyticm NK32 strain according to the present invention is found to grow using dibenzofuran as a nutrient source and has an excellent assimilation ability for dioxins. It can be seen that
[0017]
(2) Ability to assimilate aromatic compounds The ability to assimilate aromatic compounds was determined by the following test. Inoculate the strain in a minimal liquid medium containing 0.2 mM aromatics and incubate at 30 ° C for approximately 72 hours. After culturing for 72 hours, the growth of the fungus is observed, and the presence or absence of assimilation ability is determined.
The results of this test are as shown in Table 1, and the strain Corynebacterium urealyticm NK32 according to the present invention, together with a polycyclic aromatic compound such as dibenzothiophene, naphthalene, biphenyl, Growth was observed using monocyclic aromatic compounds such as toluene, benzene, and phenol as nutrient sources. Accordingly, it can be seen that it has an ability to assimilate a wide range of compounds and has an ability to assimilate aromatic compounds superior to other known strains.
[0018]
[Table 1]
[0019]
(3) Dioxin Chloride Decomposition Test This test was conducted to investigate the decomposability of various dioxin isomers. One platinum loop of the fungus according to the present invention (Corynebacterium urealyticm NK32) is collected from a petri dish and added to a culture flask (capacity 100 ml) containing 50 ml of a minimal medium. This is incubated at 30 ° C for 72 hours with shaking (120 rpm). The culture is centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 15 minutes, and the cells are collected and washed 3 times with phosphate buffer (pH 7.5). Then, 1 ppm of dioxin chloride is added to a culture flask (capacity 50 ml) containing 5 ml of the minimum medium, and the cells are added. This is cultured with shaking at 30 ° C. for 7 days.
[0020]
After incubation, add 5 ml of ethyl acetate to the culture to extract dioxin chloride. Of the resulting extract, 1 ml is concentrated by injection of nitrogen gas. Dioxin chloride in this solution is analyzed using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS) [HP5890, HP5971A manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Company]. As the column, an inner diameter 0.25 mm × length 30 m column DB5 was used. As the temperature raising condition, the temperature is raised to 80 to 280 ° C. in 10 minutes. The flow rate of helium gas is 0.8 ml / min.
In addition, each commercially available standard product can be used for identification and quantification of the decomposition component of dioxin chloride.
The decomposition rate by this test was calculated by the following formula, and the results of the decomposition test are shown in Table 2.
[0021]
[Formula 1]
Decomposition rate (%) = (Detected chlorinated dioxin amount / added dioxin amount) × 100
[0022]
[Table 2]
[0023]
Generally, there are 75 isomers depending on the number and position of chlorine substitution in chlorinated dioxins, and highly toxic ones are in 2,3,7,8, especially di and tritetra isomers. Yes, it is said that the ability to decompose dioxins by microorganisms is said to decrease as the number of chlorine in the dioxin molecule increases. However, this bacterium has more than one when the number of chlorine substitutions (mono substitution) is 1 ( It can be seen that the degradation ability of the poly-substituted), that is, highly toxic dioxin, is improved. Moreover, it turns out that it has decomposability | decomposability also with respect to trichlorination.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the novel microorganism according to the present invention has the ability to assimilate dioxins and many kinds of aromatic compounds, and has a high ability to decompose dioxin chloride, so other carbon sources are added. It can be grown and maintained in contaminated water and soil without incident. Therefore, it can be used for the decomposition and treatment of chloride dioxins that contaminate river water, sewage, etc., and purification of soil contaminated by chloride dioxins. In addition, this novel microorganism is degradable to high chloride, for example, chlorinated dioxin of about 3 chlorination, can be used for the treatment of contaminated water and contaminated soil containing high chloride, and has further toxicity. It can be used to decompose chlorinated dioxins substituted with chlorine at the 2,3,7,8, positions.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph of the growth curve of Corynebacterium urealyticm NK32 grown using dioxin as a nutrient source.
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