JP4124855B2 - Ship power supply - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention mainly relates to a ship power supply device used in a ship equipped with an electric propulsion device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In ordinary ships, the screw is driven by the internal combustion engine, but in recent years, focusing on the ease of speed control, more and more ships of the type in which the screw is driven by the propulsion motor of the electric propulsion device are built. It has come to be. FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a conventional ship power supply device used in a ship equipped with such an electric propulsion device.
[0003]
In FIG. 5, two AC generators 1 </ b> A and 1 </ b> B and one emergency AC generator 2 are connected to the power source side of the AC bus 5 through the circuit breakers 3 </ b> A and 3 </ b> B and the circuit breaker 4, respectively. On the other hand, on the load side of the AC bus 5, AC / DC converters 7A, 7B and power converters (for example, inverter devices, etc.) 8A, 8B constituting two systems of electric propulsion devices via circuit breakers 6A, 6B. The propulsion motors 9A and 9B are connected to drive the two screws 10A and 10B. The operation of these two electric propulsion devices requires a large amount of power, and the AC bus 5 contains harmonics generated due to waveform distortion. To remove these harmonics, AC Active filters 12A and 12B are connected to the bus 5 via circuit breakers 11A and 11B.
[0004]
The AC bus 5 is also connected to a plurality of circuit breakers 14 via a circuit breaker 13, and each of the plurality of circuit breakers 14 includes a plurality of AC / DC conversion devices 15 and a plurality of power conversion devices (for example, , An inverter device or a static starter, etc.) 16 and a plurality of auxiliary motors 17 are connected.
[0005]
Further, a transformer 19 is connected to the AC bus 5 via a circuit breaker 18. Further, a ship load 22 is connected to the secondary form side of the transformer 19 via a transformer 20 and a breaker 21, and a ship load 24 is connected via a breaker 23.
[0006]
Next, the operation of the conventional apparatus configured as described above will be described. The AC power generated by the AC generators 1A and 1B and the emergency AC generator 2 is output onto the AC bus 5 via the circuit breakers 3A and 3B and the circuit breaker 4. Then, the AC / DC converters 7A and 7B input this AC power from the AC bus 5 via the circuit breakers 6A and 6B, and convert this into DC power, and the power converters 8A and 8B are converted. Based on the input of DC power, speed control of the propulsion motors 9A and 9B is performed to drive the screws 10A and 10B. At this time, since the power controlled by the power converters 8A and 8B is large, harmonics are likely to be generated on the AC bus 5, but these harmonics are removed by the active filters 12A and 12B.
[0007]
The plurality of AC / DC converters 15 receive AC power from the AC bus 5 via the circuit breakers 13 and 14 and convert it into DC power, and the plurality of power converters 16 convert the converted DC power. The plurality of electric motors 17 are controlled based on the input of electric power.
[0008]
Furthermore, the transformer 19 steps down the voltage of the AC power input from the AC bus 5 via the circuit breaker 18 for the low voltage circuit. On the secondary side of the transformer 19, the stepped down voltage is further stepped down (or stepped up) to a constant voltage by the transformer 20, and then supplied to the ship load 22 through the circuit breaker 21. The voltage stepped down by the vessel 19 is supplied as it is to the ship load 24 via the circuit breaker 23.
[0009]
The configuration of FIG. 5 described above includes the AC generators 1A and 1B, the AC / DC converters 7A and 7B, the power converters 8A and 8B, the propulsion motors 9A and 9B, and the like that constitute the electric propulsion device, the active filter 12A, 12B and the like are divided into two systems of A system and B system (hereinafter, in this specification, A or B is added to the end of the reference numerals for the components divided into two systems as described above. However, other devices are not divided into two systems, but other devices may be divided into two systems as shown in FIG. FIG. 6 differs from FIG. 5 in that two emergency AC generators 2A and 2B are provided, two AC / DC converters 15A and 15B, power converters 16A and 16B, and an electric motor 17A. , 17B, etc., two systems of transformers 19A, 19B, transformers 20A, 20B, ship loads 22A, 22B, ship loads 24A, 24B, etc., and these 2 A circuit breaker 25 for dividing the system is provided on the AC bus 5. The operation of FIG. 6 is almost the same as that of FIG.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-described conventional marine power supply apparatus has the following problems. That is, since it is necessary to provide large electric devices such as the active filters 12A and 12B and the transformer 19, it is not possible to effectively use the limited space in the ship, and these devices are also heavy in weight. Since it is quite large, the fuel consumption of the ship has increased accordingly. Here, in order to omit the transformer 19, it is conceivable to reduce the voltage of the AC bus 5. Then, the AC / DC converters 7 A and 7 B, the power converters 8 A and 8 B, the AC / DC converter 15, The current rating of the power conversion device 16 and the like must be increased, and the current rating of the breakers 6A, 6B, 13, and 18 must be increased accordingly. For this reason, even if the transformer 19 can be omitted, the entire apparatus is rather enlarged.
[0011]
The emergency alternator 2 is essentially sufficient to start operation when the alternators 1A and 1B become unusable due to failure or the like. However, the ship loads 22 and 24 usually include a power supply that must not be stopped for a moment, such as a computer. For this reason, the emergency alternator 2 must also be operated at all times and kept in a standby state, resulting in the need to consume excess energy.
[0012]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a marine power supply apparatus that can reduce the size and weight of the entire apparatus and can also save energy. Yes.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As means for solving the above-mentioned problems, an invention according to claim 1 includes an AC generator, and a bus for supplying electric power obtained by the AC generator to a plurality of loads including at least a propulsion motor of an electric propulsion device, A power supply device for a ship having a rectifier that outputs DC power to the bus based on the input of AC power from the AC generator, the bus as a DC bus, and input to each AC load A DC / AC converter is provided on the side, and an emergency AC generator used when the AC generator cannot be used, and DC power is supplied to the DC bus based on the input of AC power from the emergency AC generator. And an emergency rectifier.
[0015]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, a storage battery connected to the DC bus and functioning as an emergency power source is provided.
[0016]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect of the invention, the plurality of loads are divided into two systems, and the AC generator, the emergency AC generator, and the storage battery are also two correspondingly. It is characterized by being divided into systems.
[0017]
The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein the storage battery is connected to the output side of the emergency rectifier, and the common connection point is connected to the DC bus. It is characterized by that.
[0018]
The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to claim 2 , wherein a common connection point between the emergency rectifier and the storage battery is connected only to a load side device that needs to be backed up in an emergency. And
[0019]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. However, the same components as those in FIGS . 5 and 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
[0020]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention. In this figure, rectifiers 26A and 26B and a rectifier 27 are connected to the output sides of the AC generators 1A and 1B and the emergency AC generator 2, respectively, and are connected via the breakers 3A and 3B and the breaker 4, respectively. DC power is output to the DC bus 28. That is, the AC bus 5 in FIG. 5 is replaced with the DC bus 28. A storage battery 29 is connected to the DC bus 28 via a circuit breaker 30.
[0021]
As in the case of FIG. 5, circuit breakers 6A and 6B, power converters (inverter devices) 8A and 8B, propulsion motors 9A and 9B, and screws 10A and 10B are arranged on the load side of DC bus 28. However, the AC / DC converters 7A and 7B provided in FIG. 5 are omitted. And the circuit breakers 11A and 11B and the active filters 12A and 12B provided in FIG. 5 are also omitted.
[0022]
Similarly to the case of FIG. 5, a breaker 13, a plurality of breakers 14, a plurality of power conversion devices (inverter devices) 16, and a plurality of electric motors 17 are disposed on the load side of the DC bus 28. . However, the plurality of AC / DC converters 15 provided in FIG. 5 are omitted.
[0023]
Further, on the load side of the DC bus 28, a circuit breaker 18, a DC / AC converter 31, a transformer 20, a circuit breaker 21, a ship load 22, a circuit breaker 23, and a ship load 24 are arranged. In the configuration of FIG. 5, the transformer 19 is provided, but in the configuration of FIG. 1, a DC / AC converter 31 is provided instead of the transformer 19.
[0024]
Next, the operation of the first embodiment configured as described above will be described. The AC power generated by the AC generators 1A and 1B is rectified by the rectifiers 26A and 26B and output to the DC bus 28 via the breakers 3A and 3B. And if the voltage of the storage battery 29 is below a predetermined level, the circuit breaker 30 will be closed and the storage battery 29 will be charged. Therefore, even if a fault occurs in the AC generators 1A and 1B, the storage battery 29 can supply power to the load equipment that must be continuously operated. In this embodiment, the AC generator 1A , 1B is in operation, the emergency alternator 2 is not in operation.
[0025]
The power converters 8A and 8B receive DC power from the DC bus 28 via the circuit breakers 6A and 6B, perform speed control of the propulsion motors 9A and 9B based on this input, and drive the screws 10A and 10B.
[0026]
The plurality of power conversion devices 16 input DC power from the DC bus 28 via the circuit breakers 13 and 14 and control the plurality of auxiliary motors 17. Furthermore, the DC / AC converter 31 converts the DC power input from the DC bus 28 via the circuit breaker 18 and outputs AC power. Then, the voltage of the AC power output from the DC / AC converter 31 is stepped down (or boosted) to a constant voltage by the transformer 20 and then supplied to the ship load 22 via the circuit breaker 21. The voltage output from the DC / AC converter 31 is supplied as it is to the ship load 24 via the circuit breaker 23.
[0027]
By the way, since the power controlled by the power converters 8A and 8B is large, harmonics are generated on the DC bus 28. However, even if harmonics occur on the DC bus 28, the DC / AC converter 31 outputs AC power from which these harmonics have been removed, so even if no active filter is provided as in the conventional device, Harmonics do not affect ship loads 22 and 24 including precision equipment such as computers. Further, the auxiliary motor 17 is not so worried about the influence of harmonics, and the power converter 16 removes a considerable amount of harmonics, so that there is no practical problem. .
[0028]
If either of the alternators 1A and 1B fails and the necessary amount of power cannot be supplied to the DC bus 28, the emergency alternator 2 is activated. As described above, the power supply that should not be stopped even for a moment can be dealt with by the DC power from the storage battery 29 until the start of the emergency AC generator 2 is completed.
[0029]
As described above, according to the marine power supply apparatus of FIG. 1, the rectifiers 26A and 26B and the rectifier 27 are provided on the output side of the AC generators 1A and 1B and the emergency AC generator 2, and the power is supplied to the load side. Since the power supply bus is configured to be a DC bus 28, the conventional active filters 12A and 12B and the transformer 19, which have occupied a limited space in the ship, and further AC / DC conversion. The devices 7A and 7B and the AC / DC converter 15 can be omitted, and the entire device can be reduced in size and weight.
[0030]
In addition, since the bus is configured to be the DC bus 28, a storage battery 29 can be connected to the DC bus 28, which is necessary immediately when a fault occurs in the AC generators 1A, 1B. Minimal power can be supplied onto the DC bus 28 to back up equipment that must continue to operate, such as a computer. Therefore, it is not necessary to always operate the emergency AC generator 2 and keep it in a standby state, so that wasteful energy consumption can be prevented. In this embodiment, the emergency alternator 2 is provided, but there are few devices such as a computer that have to be continuously operated, and the operation of these devices is sufficiently long by the power from the storage battery 29. In the case where the emergency AC generator 2, the rectifier 27, and the breaker 4 are omitted, a configuration in which the emergency AC generator 2, the rectifier 27, and the breaker 4 are omitted may be employed.
[0031]
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention. This second embodiment corresponds to the conventional apparatus shown in FIG. 6, and each component is divided into two systems of A system and B system with the breaker 25 on the DC bus 28 as a boundary. is there. The operation of FIG. 2 is substantially the same as that of FIG.
[0032]
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention. 3 is different from FIG. 1 in that the output side of the rectifier 27 is connected to the positive side of the storage battery 29 and the common connection point is connected to the DC bus 28 via the circuit breaker 30.
[0033]
In this embodiment, when the voltage of the storage battery 29 is below a predetermined level during normal operation, the storage battery 29 is charged from the DC bus 28 by closing the circuit breaker 30. The emergency alternator 2 can be charged until the voltage of the storage battery 29 reaches a predetermined level or higher, and then the emergency alternator 2 can be stopped. According to this embodiment, the circuit breaker 4 in FIG. 1 can be omitted, and further the size and weight of the apparatus can be reduced.
[0034]
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. 4 differs from FIG. 3 in that the circuit breaker 30 is not connected to the DC bus 28 and is directly connected to one of the load side devices, that is, one of the plurality of power converters 16 and the DC / AC converter 31. It is a connected point. By adopting such a configuration, when a failure or the like occurs in the AC generators 1A and 1B, the power from the storage battery 29 is immediately supplied to a device such as a computer without going through an extra circuit breaker. Reliable backup can be performed.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the rectifier that outputs DC power to the bus based on the input of AC power from the AC generator is provided, and the bus is configured to be a DC bus. Miniaturization and weight reduction can be achieved, and further energy saving can be achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a conventional apparatus.
FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of another conventional apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 AC generator 2 Emergency AC generator 3 Breaker 4 Breaker 5 AC bus 6 Breaker 7 AC / DC converter 8 Power converter 9 Propulsion motor 10 Screw 11 Breaker 12 Active filter 13 Breaker 14 Breaker 15 AC / DC converter 16 Power converter 17 Electric motor 18 Breaker 19 Transformer 20 Transformer 21 Breaker 22 Ship load 23 Breaker 24 Ship load 25 Breaker 26 Rectifier 27 Rectifier 28 DC bus 29 Storage battery 30 Break 31 DC / AC converter

Claims (5)

In a marine power supply device having an alternator and a bus that supplies power obtained by the alternator to a plurality of loads including at least a propulsion motor of the electric propulsion device ,
A rectifier that outputs DC power to the bus based on input of AC power from the AC generator is provided, and the bus is a DC bus, and a DC / AC converter is provided on the input side for each AC load. Provided,
Furthermore, an emergency alternator used when the alternator cannot be used;
An emergency rectifier that outputs DC power to the DC bus based on the input of AC power from the emergency AC generator;
A marine power supply device. A storage battery connected to the DC bus and functioning as an emergency power source was provided.
The marine power supply device according to claim 1. The plurality of loads are divided into two systems, and the AC generator, the emergency AC generator, and the storage battery are also divided into two systems correspondingly.
The marine power supply device according to claim 2, wherein: The storage battery is connected to the output side of the emergency rectifier, and the common connection point is connected to the DC bus.
4. The marine power source device according to claim 2 or 3, The common connection point of the emergency rectifier and the storage battery is connected only to the load side equipment that needs backup in an emergency,
The marine power supply device according to claim 2, wherein:

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