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JP4126791B2 - Variable valve operating device for internal combustion engine - Google Patents
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JP4126791B2 - Variable valve operating device for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Variable valve operating device for internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4126791B2
JP4126791B2 JP01647099A JP1647099A JP4126791B2 JP 4126791 B2 JP4126791 B2 JP 4126791B2 JP 01647099 A JP01647099 A JP 01647099A JP 1647099 A JP1647099 A JP 1647099A JP 4126791 B2 JP4126791 B2 JP 4126791B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
drive shaft
valve
cam
intake
intake valve
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP01647099A
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JP2000213318A (en
Inventor
信一 竹村
誠之助 原
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Priority to JP01647099A priority Critical patent/JP4126791B2/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0021Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0021Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio
    • F01L13/0026Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio by means of an eccentric

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、内燃機関の運転状態に応じて吸気弁,排気弁の開閉時期や作動角を可変制御する可変動弁装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
周知にように、機関低速低負荷時における燃費の改善や安定した運転性並びに高速高負荷時における吸気の充填効率の向上による十分な出力を確保する等のために、吸・排気弁の開閉時期とバルブリフト量を機関運転状態に応じて可変制御する可変動弁装置が従来から種々提供されており、その一例として特開昭55−137305号公報等に記載されているものが知られている。
【0003】
図7を参照してその概略を説明すると、シリンダヘッド1のアッパデッキの略中央近傍上方位置にカムシャフト2が設けられていると共に、このカムシャフト2の外周にカム2aが一体に設けられている。また、カムシャフト2の側部には、制御シャフト3が平行に配置されており、この制御シャフト3に偏心カム4を介してロッカアーム5が揺動自在に軸支されている。一方、シリンダヘッド1に摺動自在に設けられた吸気弁6の上端部には、バルブリフター7を介して揺動カム8が配置されている。この揺動カム8は、バルブリフター7の上方にカムシャフト2と並行に配置された支軸9に揺動自在に軸支され、下端のカム面8aがバルブリフター7の上面に当接している。また、上記ロッカアーム5は、一端部5aがカム2aの外周面に当接していると共に、他端部5bが揺動カム8の上端面8bに当接して、カム2aのリフトを揺動カム8及びバルブリフター7を介して吸気弁6に伝達するようになっている。
【0004】
制御シャフト3は、図外のアクチュエータによって所定角度範囲で回転制御されて、偏心カム4の回動位置を制御し、これによってロッカアーム5の揺動支点を変化させるようになっている。そして、偏心カム4が正逆の所定回転位置に制御されるとロッカアーム5の揺動支点が変化して、他端部5bの揺動カム8の上端面8bに対する当接位置が図中上下方向に変化し、これによって揺動カム8のカム面8a上のリフト部円弧の使用角度を可変とすることにより、吸気弁6の開閉時期(バルブタイミング)とバルブリフト量を可変制御するようになっている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、このような従来の内燃機関の可変動弁装置にあっては、機関と同期して回転する吸排気弁駆動用のカムシャフト2に対し、制御シャフト3が別個に設けられているため、制御シャフト3及びこれを支持する構造が必要となる。この結果、機関の寸法の増加を招き、車輌搭載性が低下する、という問題があった。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、請求項1の発明に係る内燃機関の可変動弁装置は、機関の回転に連動して回転する互いに略平行な第1の駆動軸及び第2の駆動軸と、上記第1の駆動軸の外周に相対回転可能に設けられ、吸気弁又は排気弁の一方を駆動する揺動カムと、上記第2の駆動軸の外周に設けられ、吸気弁又は排気弁の他方を駆動する駆動カムと、上記第1の駆動軸の外周に偏心して設けられた偏心カムと、この偏心カムの外周に相対回転可能に設けられたリング状リンクと、上記第2の駆動軸の外周に偏心して設けられた制御カムと、この制御カムの外周に相対回転可能に設けられ、その一端が上記リング状リンクの先端に連結するロッカアームと、このロッカアームの他端と上記揺動カムの先端とを連結するロッド状リンクと、上記第1,第2の駆動軸の回転位相差を可変制御する制御手段と、を有することを特徴としている。
【0007】
機関の回転に連動して第1の駆動軸が回転すると、偏心カムを介してリング状リンクが並進作動し、これに連結するロッカアームが制御カムの軸心周りに揺動する。これにより、ロッカアームにロッド状リンクを介して連結する揺動カムが揺動し、吸,排気弁の一方が開閉駆動される。
【0008】
また、機関の回転に連動して第2の駆動軸が回転すると、その外周に設けられた駆動カムにより吸,排気弁の他方が開閉駆動される。
【0009】
なお、この第2の駆動軸の回転に伴って、上記の制御カムの軸心は第2の駆動軸の軸心周りに回転する。
【0010】
そして、内燃機関の運転状態等に応じて、第1,第2の駆動軸の回転位相差を可変制御することにより、吸,排気弁のリフト特性が変化する。
【0011】
例えば、請求項4の発明のように、上記揺動カムが吸気弁を駆動し、上記駆動カムが排気弁を駆動する構成とした場合、少なくとも吸気弁のバルブリフト量が変化する。
【0012】
この請求項4の構成に加え、請求項5の発明のように、上記制御手段により排気弁側の第2の駆動軸の回転位相が可変制御されるように構成した場合、吸気弁のバルブリフト量とともに排気弁の位相が相対的に変化する。
【0013】
ここで、排気弁の位相を遅角させた際に吸気弁が低リフト特性となる設定と、排気弁の位相を進角させた際に吸気弁が低リフト特性となる設定との2通りの設定が可能であるが、好ましくは請求項5の発明のように、排気弁の位相を相対的に遅角させた際に、吸気弁が低リフト特性となるように設定する。これにより、高回転でバルブオーバーラップが大、排気弁が進角、かつ吸気弁のバルブリフト量が大となり、低回転でバルブオーバーラップが小、排気弁が遅角、かつ吸気弁のバルブリフト量が小となる。また、低回転時に吸気弁が低リフトとなりカム駆動フリクションが低くなるため、燃費の向上を図ることができる。
【0014】
一方、請求項4の構成に加え、請求項6の発明のように、上記制御手段により吸気弁側の第1の駆動軸の回転位相が可変制御されるように構成した場合には、吸気弁のバルブリフト量とともに吸気弁の位相が相対的に変化する。
【0015】
ここで、吸気弁の位相を遅角させた際に吸気弁が低リフト特性となる設定と、吸気弁の位相を進めた際に吸気弁が低リフト特性となる設定との2通りの設定が可能であるが、好ましくは請求項6の発明のように、吸気弁の位相を相対的に進角させた際に、吸気弁が低リフト特性となるように設定する。これにより、高回転で吸気弁の閉時期が遅くなるとともに吸気弁のバルブリフト量が大となって充填効率が向上し、かつ低回転では吸気弁の閉時期が早くなってポンプ損失低減およびカム駆動フリクションの低減化を図ることができる。
【0016】
上記制御手段は、例えば請求項2の発明のように、上記第1,第2の駆動軸の一方の一端に設けられ、一方の駆動軸の回転位相を相対的に変化させるアクチュエータを有している。
【0017】
このアクチュエータに、例えば1つの位相検知センサを設けることで、位相とバルブリフト量(作動角)の双方の検知が可能となる。
【0018】
また、請求項3の発明は、このアクチュエータを上記内燃機関の前側に配置したことを特徴としている。言い換えると、FR車では機関の後側と車室との間のスペースが小さく、FF車では機関の後側にディストリビュータ,スロットルチャンバ,燃料ポンプ等が配置される場合が多いため、機関の後側にアクチュエータを配置することが困難となる場合が多い。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、吸,排気弁を駆動する第1の駆動軸及び第2の駆動軸の回転位相差を可変制御することで、吸,排気弁のリフト特性を変化させることができる。このため、別途制御シャフト等を設ける必要がある従来例に比して、構成の簡素化,機関寸法の低減化を図ることができ、かつ、車両搭載性にも優れている。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、この発明の具体的な実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
【0021】
図1,2は、この発明の第1実施例を示している。
【0022】
シリンダヘッド11の上部には、全気筒にわたって連続した吸気側駆動軸(第1の駆動軸)12及び排気側駆動軸(第2の駆動軸)14が互いに平行に設けられている。各駆動軸12,14は、内部に潤滑油路が形成された中空状に形成されており、図2において右側となる一端に吸気側スプロケット16及び排気側スプロケット18がそれぞれ取り付けられ、図示せぬタイミングチェーンを介してクランクシャフトに連動している。
【0023】
吸気側駆動軸12の外周には、各気筒毎に分割された略円筒状の吸気カムシャフト20が相対回転可能に外嵌されている。各吸気カムシャフト20は、その外周に一対の揺動カム20aが設けられ、かつ、揺動カム20aの中間に設けられたジャーナル部20bが、シリンダヘッド11の取付部と吸気側カムブラケット24との間に回転可能に支持されている。
【0024】
各揺動カム20aは、略L字形状を呈し、そのカムノーズの外周には、基円面から先端へ向けて円弧状に延びるカム面が形成されている。そして、揺動カム20aの揺動位置に応じて、カム面が吸気弁22の上部に設けられたバルブリフタ22aの上面所定位置に当接し、各吸気弁22を開閉駆動するようになっている。
【0025】
一方、排気側駆動軸14の外周には、各気筒毎に分割された略円筒状の排気カムシャフト26が圧入等により固定されている。各排気カムシャフト26の外周には一対の駆動カム26aが設けられ、かつ、これら一対の駆動カム26aの中間のジャーナル部26bが、シリンダヘッド11の取付部と排気側カムブラケット30との間で回転可能に支持されている。そして、各駆動カム26aが、各排気弁28の上部に設けられたバルブリフタ28aに接触し、各排気弁28を開閉駆動するようになっている。
【0026】
また、吸気側駆動軸12の外周には、この吸気側駆動軸12の軸心12aに対して所定量偏心した偏心カム32が吸気カムシャフト20に隣接して固定されている。この偏心カム32の外周には、リング状リンク34が回転可能に外嵌されている。このリング状リンク34は、偏心カム32に外嵌する比較的大径な円環状の基部34aと、この基部34aの外周から径方向に延びるアーム部34bとを有している。
【0027】
一方、排気側駆動軸14の外周には、この排気側駆動軸14の軸心14aに対して所定量偏心した制御カム36が固定されている。この制御カム36の外周には、ロッカアーム38の中央部が相対回転可能に外嵌されている。
【0028】
このロッカアーム38の一端と、リング状リンク34のアーム部34bの先端とは、両者を挿通する第1ピン42を介して相対回転可能に連結されている。また、ロッカアーム38の他端と、上記の揺動カム20aの先端とは、所定長さの直線状に延びるロッド状リンク40によって連結されている。具体的には、揺動カム20aの先端と、ロッド状リンク40の一端とは、両者を挿通する第2ピン44を介して相対回転可能に連結されている。また、ロッド状リンク40の他端と、ロッカアーム38の他端とは、両者を挿通する第3ピン46を介して相対回転可能に連結されている。
【0029】
なお、各ピン42,44,46の一端部には、リング状リンク34やロッド状リンク40の軸方向の移動を規制するスナップリング(図示省略)が取り付けられている。
【0030】
そして、本実施例では、吸気側駆動軸12と排気側駆動軸14との回転位相差を可変制御する制御手段として、排気側スプロケット18に、排気側駆動軸14に対する回転位相を調整するアクチュエータ48が取り付けられている。
【0031】
このアクチュエータ48には図示せぬ位相検知センサが設けられるともに、図外の制御部が接続されている。この制御部は、上記位相検知センサからの信号に基づいて駆動軸12,14の位相並びに作動角を算出するとともに、エンジン回転・負荷・スロットル開度・水温等の機関運転状態を示す信号を検出し、これらの情報に基づいて最適バルブリフト特性を演算して、アクチュエータ48へ駆動信号を出力するようになっている。
【0032】
このアクチュエータ48の配置位置は、内燃機関の前後どちらでも可能であるが、本実施例では機関の前側、すなわちスプロケット16,18が設けられた図2の右側に配置してある。言い換えると、FR車では機関の後側と車室との間のスペースが小さく、FF車では機関の後側にディストリビュータ,スロットルチャンバ,燃料ポンプ等が配置される場合が多いため、機関の後側にアクチュエータ48を配置することが困難な場合が多い。このようなことから、機関の前側にアクチュエータ48を配置することは、レイアウト上非常に有利である。
【0033】
次に、本実施例の作用を説明する。
【0034】
吸気側駆動軸12,排気側駆動軸14は、スプロケット16,18に巻き掛けられた図示せぬタイミングチェーン等を介して、内燃機関のクランクシャフトに連動して回転駆動される。
【0035】
ここで、吸気側駆動軸12が回転すると、その外周に設けられた偏心カム32を介してリング状リンク34が図2の左右方向に並進作動し、このリング状リンク34に連結するロッカアーム38が制御カム36の軸心周りに揺動する。これにより、ロッカアーム38にロッド状リンク40を介して連結する揺動カム20aが揺動し、吸気弁22が開閉駆動される。
【0036】
また、排気側駆動軸14が回転すると、その外周に設けられた駆動カム26aにより排気弁28が開閉駆動される。
【0037】
なお、この排気側駆動軸14の回転に伴って、ロッカアーム38の揺動中心となる制御カム36の軸心36aは排気側駆動軸14の軸心14a周りに回転する形となる(図3参照)。
【0038】
そして、内燃機関の運転状態に応じてアクチュエータ48を駆動制御し、排気側スプロケット18を排気側駆動軸14に対して相対的に回転駆動することにより、吸気側駆動軸12及びクランクシャフトに対する排気側駆動軸14の回転位相が変化する。つまり、排気側駆動軸14に設けられた制御カム36と、吸気側駆動軸12に設けられた偏心カム32との相対的な回転位相が変化する。この結果、吸,排気弁22,28のリフト特性が可変制御される。
【0039】
図3は、図2をリンクで表わており、揺動カム20aが最も揺動し、偏心カム32とリング状リンク34とが図3のリンク図上で一直線に配置された状態、すなわち偏心カム32の軸心32aが吸気側駆動軸12の軸心12aと第1ピン42の軸心とを結ぶ線上に配置された状態を示している。
【0040】
また、図3(a)は、吸気側駆動軸12と排気側駆動軸14との回転位相差がゼロである基準状態を示している。一方、図3(b)は、アクチュエータ48の駆動により排気側駆動軸14を図3(a)の基準状態から排気位相が大きくなる方向、つまり図3で時計回りの方向に所定角度だけ回転させた状態を示している。このように、ロッカアーム38の揺動中心となる制御カム36の軸心36aを図3(a)の基準状態から図3(b)の状態へ変化させると、ロッカアーム38の傾きが変化し、揺動カム20aの揺動量が減少する。この揺動カム20aの揺動量(角度)と吸気側駆動軸12の角度との関係を図4に示す。
【0041】
図4にも示すように、吸気側駆動軸12と排気側駆動軸14との回転位相差に応じて、揺動カム20aの揺動量、つまり吸気弁22のリフト作動角(バルブリフト量)が変化していることが分かる。
【0042】
図5は、本実施例に係る吸,排気弁22,28のリフト特性を示している。本実施例のように、排気側駆動軸14の回転位相を可変制御した場合、主に排気弁28のリフト位相と、吸気弁22の作動角(バルブリフト量)とが変化する。ここで、排気弁28の位相を遅らせた時に吸気弁22を低リフト特性とする設定と、排気弁28の位相を進めた時に吸気弁22を低リフト特性とする設定との2通りの設定が可能である。
【0043】
エンジン性能の向上化を図るためには、排気弁28のリフト位相を遅らせた時に吸気弁22を低リフト特性とする設定が好ましい。この場合、高回転でバルブオーバーラップが大、排気弁28が進角、かつ吸気弁22のバルブリフト量が大となり、低回転でバルブオーバーラップが小、排気弁が遅角、かつ吸気弁22のバルブリフト量が小となる。また、低回転時に吸気弁22が低リフトとなりカム駆動フリクションが低くなるため、燃費の向上を図ることができる。
【0044】
このように、本実施例では、吸,排気弁22,28を駆動する駆動軸12,14の回転位相差を可変制御することで、吸,排気弁22,28のリフト特性を変化させることができる。言い換えると、排気側駆動軸14が制御軸を兼用する形となるため、別途制御シャフト等を設ける必要がある従来例に比して、構成の簡素化,機関寸法の低減化を図ることができ、かつ、車両搭載性にも優れている。
【0045】
図6は、本発明の第2実施例に係る吸,排気弁22,28のリフト特性を示している。この実施例では、排気側駆動軸14と吸気側駆動軸12との回転位相差を可変制御するために、吸気側駆動軸12の回転位相を可変制御する構成としている。具体的には、図2に示すアクチュエータ48を吸気側駆動軸12の吸気側スプロケット16に取り付ける構成としている。
【0046】
この場合、クランクシャフトに対する排気側駆動軸14の回転位相に変化がないため、排気弁28の位相及びバルブリフト量が変化することはないが、揺動カム20aのリフト位相並びに作動角が変化するため、吸気弁22の位相並びにリフト量の双方が変化する。
【0047】
ここで、吸気弁22のリフト位相を遅らせた時に吸気弁22を低リフト特性とする設定と、吸気弁22のリフト位相を進めた時に吸気弁22を低リフト特性とする設定との2種類の設定が可能である。
【0048】
エンジン性能の向上化を図るためには、吸気弁22のリフト位相を進めた時に吸気弁22を低リフト特性とする設定が好ましい。この場合、高回転で吸気弁22の閉時期が相対的に遅くなるとともに吸気弁22のバルブリフト量が大となって充填効率が向上し、かつ低回転では吸気弁22の閉時期が相対的に早くなってポンプ損失低減およびカム駆動フリクションの低減化を図ることができる。
【0049】
なお、上記の実施例では吸気側駆動軸12に揺動カム20aを、排気側駆動軸14に駆動カム26aを設け、吸気弁22のバルブリフト量を可変制御する構成としているが、これとは逆に、吸気側駆動軸12に駆動カム26aを、排気側駆動軸14に揺動カム20aを設け、少なくとも排気弁28のバルブリフト量を可変制御する構成とすることも可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1実施例に係る内燃機関の可変動弁装置を示す図2のA−A断面図。
【図2】第1実施例の可変動弁装置を適用した内燃機関の上面図。
【図3】図1の装置をリンクで表した説明図。
【図4】第1実施例の吸気側駆動軸と揺動カムの角度との関係を示す特性図。
【図5】第1実施例に係る吸,排気弁のリフト特性を示す特性図。
【図6】本発明の第2実施例に係る吸,排気弁のリフト特性を示す特性図。
【図7】従来例に係る内燃機関の可変動弁装置を示す構成図。
【符号の説明】
12…吸気側駆動軸
14…排気側駆動軸
20a…揺動カム
22…吸気弁
26a…駆動カム
28…排気弁
32…偏心カム
34…リング状リンク
36…制御カム
38…ロッカアーム
40…ロッド状リンク
48…アクチュエータ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a variable valve operating apparatus that variably controls opening / closing timings and operating angles of intake valves and exhaust valves according to the operating state of an internal combustion engine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As is well known, the intake / exhaust valve opening / closing timing is used to improve fuel efficiency at low engine speed and low load, to ensure stable operation, and to ensure sufficient output by improving intake charge efficiency at high speed and high load. Various variable valve actuating devices that variably control the valve lift according to the engine operating state have been conventionally provided. For example, those described in JP-A-55-137305 are known. .
[0003]
The outline will be described with reference to FIG. 7. A cam shaft 2 is provided at a position near the upper center of the upper deck of the cylinder head 1, and a cam 2 a is integrally provided on the outer periphery of the cam shaft 2. . A control shaft 3 is arranged in parallel on the side of the camshaft 2, and a rocker arm 5 is pivotally supported on the control shaft 3 via an eccentric cam 4. On the other hand, a swing cam 8 is disposed at the upper end of an intake valve 6 slidably provided on the cylinder head 1 via a valve lifter 7. The swing cam 8 is pivotably supported on a support shaft 9 disposed above the valve lifter 7 in parallel with the camshaft 2, and the lower cam surface 8 a is in contact with the upper surface of the valve lifter 7. . The rocker arm 5 has one end portion 5a abutting on the outer peripheral surface of the cam 2a, and the other end portion 5b abutting on the upper end surface 8b of the swing cam 8, thereby lifting the cam 2a. And it is transmitted to the intake valve 6 via the valve lifter 7.
[0004]
The control shaft 3 is rotationally controlled within a predetermined angle range by an actuator (not shown) to control the rotational position of the eccentric cam 4, thereby changing the rocking fulcrum of the rocker arm 5. When the eccentric cam 4 is controlled to a predetermined forward and reverse rotational position, the rocking fulcrum of the rocker arm 5 changes, and the contact position of the other end 5b with the upper end surface 8b of the rocking cam 8 is the vertical direction in the figure. Thus, by changing the use angle of the lift portion arc on the cam surface 8a of the swing cam 8, the opening / closing timing (valve timing) of the intake valve 6 and the valve lift amount are variably controlled. ing.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a conventional variable valve operating apparatus for an internal combustion engine, the control shaft 3 is separately provided with respect to the camshaft 2 for driving the intake / exhaust valve that rotates in synchronization with the engine. A control shaft 3 and a structure for supporting the control shaft 3 are required. As a result, there has been a problem that the size of the engine is increased and the vehicle mounting property is lowered.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Accordingly, a variable valve operating apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to a first aspect of the present invention includes a first drive shaft and a second drive shaft that are substantially parallel to each other and that rotate in conjunction with the rotation of the engine, and the first drive shaft. A swing cam provided on the outer circumference of the second drive shaft for driving one of the intake valve or the exhaust valve, and a drive cam provided on the outer circumference of the second drive shaft for driving the other of the intake valve or the exhaust valve; An eccentric cam provided eccentrically on the outer periphery of the first drive shaft, a ring-shaped link provided rotatably on the outer periphery of the eccentric cam, and provided eccentrically on the outer periphery of the second drive shaft. A control cam, a rocker arm having one end connected to the tip of the ring-shaped link, and a rod connecting the other end of the rocker arm and the tip of the swing cam. Link and the first and second drive shafts It is characterized by having a control means for variably controlling the rotational phase difference.
[0007]
When the first drive shaft rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the engine, the ring-shaped link is translated via the eccentric cam, and the rocker arm connected thereto swings around the axis of the control cam. As a result, the swing cam connected to the rocker arm via the rod-shaped link swings, and one of the intake and exhaust valves is driven to open and close.
[0008]
Further, when the second drive shaft rotates in conjunction with the rotation of the engine, the other of the suction and exhaust valves is driven to open and close by the drive cam provided on the outer periphery thereof.
[0009]
As the second drive shaft rotates, the axis of the control cam rotates around the axis of the second drive shaft.
[0010]
The lift characteristics of the intake and exhaust valves change by variably controlling the rotational phase difference between the first and second drive shafts according to the operating state of the internal combustion engine.
[0011]
For example, when the swing cam drives the intake valve and the drive cam drives the exhaust valve as in the invention of claim 4, at least the valve lift amount of the intake valve changes.
[0012]
In addition to the structure of the fourth aspect, when the rotational phase of the second drive shaft on the exhaust valve side is variably controlled by the control means as in the invention of the fifth aspect, the valve lift of the intake valve The phase of the exhaust valve changes relatively with the amount.
[0013]
Here, there are two settings: a setting in which the intake valve has a low lift characteristic when the phase of the exhaust valve is retarded, and a setting in which the intake valve has a low lift characteristic when the phase of the exhaust valve is advanced. Although it can be set, it is preferably set so that the intake valve has a low lift characteristic when the phase of the exhaust valve is relatively retarded as in the invention of claim 5. As a result, the valve overlap is large at high speed, the exhaust valve is advanced, and the valve lift amount of the intake valve is large. At low speed, the valve overlap is small, the exhaust valve is retarded, and the valve lift of the intake valve is increased. The amount is small. Further, since the intake valve is lifted at a low speed and cam drive friction is reduced, fuel efficiency can be improved.
[0014]
On the other hand, in addition to the structure of claim 4, as in the invention of claim 6, when the rotational phase of the first drive shaft on the intake valve side is variably controlled by the control means, the intake valve The phase of the intake valve relatively changes with the valve lift amount.
[0015]
Here, there are two settings: a setting in which the intake valve has a low lift characteristic when the phase of the intake valve is retarded, and a setting in which the intake valve has a low lift characteristic when the phase of the intake valve is advanced. Although it is possible, it is preferable that the intake valve is set to have a low lift characteristic when the phase of the intake valve is relatively advanced as in the invention of claim 6. As a result, the intake valve closing timing is delayed at a high speed and the valve lift amount of the intake valve is increased to improve the charging efficiency, and at a low speed, the closing timing of the intake valve is advanced to reduce the pump loss and the cam. Drive friction can be reduced.
[0016]
The control means includes an actuator that is provided at one end of the first and second drive shafts and relatively changes the rotational phase of the one drive shaft, as in the invention of claim 2, for example. Yes.
[0017]
By providing, for example, one phase detection sensor in this actuator, both the phase and the valve lift amount (operation angle) can be detected.
[0018]
The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that the actuator is arranged on the front side of the internal combustion engine. In other words, in FR vehicles, the space between the rear side of the engine and the passenger compartment is small, and in FF vehicles, a distributor, throttle chamber, fuel pump, etc. are often arranged on the rear side of the engine. In many cases, it is difficult to dispose the actuator on the actuator.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the lift characteristics of the intake and exhaust valves can be changed by variably controlling the rotational phase difference between the first drive shaft and the second drive shaft that drives the intake and exhaust valves. For this reason, as compared with the conventional example in which a separate control shaft or the like needs to be provided, the configuration can be simplified, the engine size can be reduced, and the vehicle mountability is excellent.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0021]
1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention.
[0022]
An intake side drive shaft (first drive shaft) 12 and an exhaust side drive shaft (second drive shaft) 14 that are continuous over all the cylinders are provided in parallel with each other above the cylinder head 11. Each drive shaft 12 and 14 is formed in a hollow shape with a lubricating oil passage formed therein, and an intake side sprocket 16 and an exhaust side sprocket 18 are respectively attached to one end on the right side in FIG. It is linked to the crankshaft via the timing chain.
[0023]
A substantially cylindrical intake camshaft 20 divided for each cylinder is fitted on the outer periphery of the intake side drive shaft 12 so as to be relatively rotatable. Each intake camshaft 20 is provided with a pair of swing cams 20a on its outer periphery, and a journal portion 20b provided in the middle of the swing cam 20a is connected to the mounting portion of the cylinder head 11 and the intake cam bracket 24. Is rotatably supported between the two.
[0024]
Each swing cam 20a has a substantially L shape, and a cam surface extending in an arc shape from the base circle surface to the tip is formed on the outer periphery of the cam nose. In accordance with the swing position of the swing cam 20a, the cam surface comes into contact with a predetermined position on the upper surface of the valve lifter 22a provided on the upper portion of the intake valve 22, and each intake valve 22 is driven to open and close.
[0025]
On the other hand, a substantially cylindrical exhaust camshaft 26 divided for each cylinder is fixed to the outer periphery of the exhaust side drive shaft 14 by press fitting or the like. A pair of drive cams 26 a is provided on the outer periphery of each exhaust camshaft 26, and an intermediate journal portion 26 b between the pair of drive cams 26 a is provided between the mounting portion of the cylinder head 11 and the exhaust cam bracket 30. It is rotatably supported. Each drive cam 26a comes into contact with a valve lifter 28a provided on the top of each exhaust valve 28, and opens and closes each exhaust valve 28.
[0026]
An eccentric cam 32 that is eccentric by a predetermined amount with respect to the axis 12 a of the intake side drive shaft 12 is fixed to the outer periphery of the intake side drive shaft 12 adjacent to the intake camshaft 20. A ring-shaped link 34 is rotatably fitted on the outer periphery of the eccentric cam 32. The ring-shaped link 34 has a relatively large-diameter annular base portion 34a that is externally fitted to the eccentric cam 32, and an arm portion 34b that extends radially from the outer periphery of the base portion 34a.
[0027]
On the other hand, a control cam 36 that is eccentric by a predetermined amount with respect to the shaft center 14 a of the exhaust side drive shaft 14 is fixed to the outer periphery of the exhaust side drive shaft 14. A central portion of a rocker arm 38 is fitted on the outer periphery of the control cam 36 so as to be relatively rotatable.
[0028]
One end of the rocker arm 38 and the tip end of the arm portion 34b of the ring-shaped link 34 are coupled to each other via a first pin 42 through which both are inserted. Further, the other end of the rocker arm 38 and the tip of the swing cam 20a are connected by a rod-like link 40 that extends in a straight line having a predetermined length. Specifically, the tip of the rocking cam 20a and one end of the rod-shaped link 40 are connected to each other via a second pin 44 that passes through both of them. Further, the other end of the rod-shaped link 40 and the other end of the rocker arm 38 are connected so as to be relatively rotatable via a third pin 46 that passes through both of them.
[0029]
A snap ring (not shown) that restricts the axial movement of the ring-shaped link 34 and the rod-shaped link 40 is attached to one end of each pin 42, 44, 46.
[0030]
In the present embodiment, as a control means for variably controlling the rotational phase difference between the intake side drive shaft 12 and the exhaust side drive shaft 14, an actuator 48 that adjusts the rotational phase of the exhaust side drive shaft 14 to the exhaust side sprocket 18. Is attached.
[0031]
The actuator 48 is provided with a phase detection sensor (not shown) and connected to a control unit (not shown). The control unit calculates the phase and operating angle of the drive shafts 12 and 14 based on the signal from the phase detection sensor, and detects a signal indicating the engine operation state such as engine rotation, load, throttle opening, and water temperature. The optimum valve lift characteristic is calculated based on the information and a drive signal is output to the actuator 48.
[0032]
The actuator 48 can be disposed either before or after the internal combustion engine. In this embodiment, the actuator 48 is disposed on the front side of the engine, that is, on the right side of FIG. 2 where the sprockets 16 and 18 are provided. In other words, in FR vehicles, the space between the rear side of the engine and the passenger compartment is small, and in FF vehicles, a distributor, throttle chamber, fuel pump, etc. are often arranged on the rear side of the engine. In many cases, it is difficult to dispose the actuator 48 on the actuator. For this reason, it is very advantageous in terms of layout to arrange the actuator 48 on the front side of the engine.
[0033]
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.
[0034]
The intake side drive shaft 12 and the exhaust side drive shaft 14 are rotationally driven in conjunction with a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine via a timing chain (not shown) wound around the sprockets 16 and 18.
[0035]
Here, when the intake-side drive shaft 12 rotates, the ring-shaped link 34 translates in the left-right direction in FIG. 2 via the eccentric cam 32 provided on the outer periphery thereof, and the rocker arm 38 connected to the ring-shaped link 34 is moved. It swings around the axis of the control cam 36. As a result, the swing cam 20a connected to the rocker arm 38 via the rod-shaped link 40 swings, and the intake valve 22 is driven to open and close.
[0036]
When the exhaust side drive shaft 14 rotates, the exhaust valve 28 is driven to open and close by a drive cam 26a provided on the outer periphery thereof.
[0037]
As the exhaust side drive shaft 14 rotates, the shaft center 36a of the control cam 36, which is the rocking center of the rocker arm 38, rotates around the axis 14a of the exhaust side drive shaft 14 (see FIG. 3). ).
[0038]
Then, the actuator 48 is driven and controlled in accordance with the operating state of the internal combustion engine, and the exhaust side sprocket 18 is driven to rotate relative to the exhaust side drive shaft 14, whereby the exhaust side relative to the intake side drive shaft 12 and the crankshaft. The rotational phase of the drive shaft 14 changes. That is, the relative rotational phase of the control cam 36 provided on the exhaust side drive shaft 14 and the eccentric cam 32 provided on the intake side drive shaft 12 changes. As a result, the lift characteristics of the intake and exhaust valves 22 and 28 are variably controlled.
[0039]
FIG. 3 shows a link in FIG. 2. The swing cam 20a swings most, and the eccentric cam 32 and the ring-shaped link 34 are arranged in a straight line on the link diagram of FIG. The shaft center 32a of the cam 32 is shown on a line connecting the shaft center 12a of the intake side drive shaft 12 and the shaft center of the first pin 42.
[0040]
FIG. 3A shows a reference state in which the rotational phase difference between the intake side drive shaft 12 and the exhaust side drive shaft 14 is zero. On the other hand, FIG. 3B shows that the exhaust-side drive shaft 14 is rotated by a predetermined angle in the direction in which the exhaust phase increases from the reference state of FIG. 3A, that is, in the clockwise direction in FIG. Shows the state. As described above, when the shaft center 36a of the control cam 36, which is the rocking center of the rocker arm 38, is changed from the reference state of FIG. 3A to the state of FIG. 3B, the inclination of the rocker arm 38 is changed. The amount of swing of the moving cam 20a is reduced. The relationship between the swing amount (angle) of the swing cam 20a and the angle of the intake side drive shaft 12 is shown in FIG.
[0041]
As shown in FIG. 4, the swing amount of the swing cam 20 a, that is, the lift operating angle (valve lift amount) of the intake valve 22 depends on the rotational phase difference between the intake side drive shaft 12 and the exhaust side drive shaft 14. You can see that it is changing.
[0042]
FIG. 5 shows the lift characteristics of the intake and exhaust valves 22 and 28 according to this embodiment. When the rotational phase of the exhaust side drive shaft 14 is variably controlled as in the present embodiment, the lift phase of the exhaust valve 28 and the operating angle (valve lift amount) of the intake valve 22 mainly change. Here, there are two settings: a setting that makes the intake valve 22 have a low lift characteristic when the phase of the exhaust valve 28 is delayed, and a setting that makes the intake valve 22 have a low lift characteristic when the phase of the exhaust valve 28 is advanced. Is possible.
[0043]
In order to improve engine performance, it is preferable to set the intake valve 22 to have a low lift characteristic when the lift phase of the exhaust valve 28 is delayed. In this case, the valve overlap is large at high rotation, the exhaust valve 28 is advanced, and the valve lift amount of the intake valve 22 is large. The valve overlap is small at low rotation, the exhaust valve is retarded, and the intake valve 22 The valve lift amount is small. Further, since the intake valve 22 becomes a low lift and the cam drive friction becomes low at a low speed, fuel efficiency can be improved.
[0044]
Thus, in this embodiment, the lift characteristics of the suction and exhaust valves 22 and 28 can be changed by variably controlling the rotational phase difference of the drive shafts 12 and 14 that drive the suction and exhaust valves 22 and 28. it can. In other words, since the exhaust-side drive shaft 14 also serves as a control shaft, the configuration can be simplified and the engine size can be reduced as compared with the conventional example in which a separate control shaft or the like is required. In addition, it is excellent in vehicle mountability.
[0045]
FIG. 6 shows the lift characteristics of the intake and exhaust valves 22 and 28 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the rotational phase of the intake side drive shaft 12 is variably controlled in order to variably control the rotational phase difference between the exhaust side drive shaft 14 and the intake side drive shaft 12. Specifically, the actuator 48 shown in FIG. 2 is attached to the intake side sprocket 16 of the intake side drive shaft 12.
[0046]
In this case, since there is no change in the rotational phase of the exhaust side drive shaft 14 with respect to the crankshaft, the phase of the exhaust valve 28 and the valve lift amount do not change, but the lift phase and operating angle of the swing cam 20a change. Therefore, both the phase of the intake valve 22 and the lift amount change.
[0047]
Here, there are two types of settings: a setting in which the intake valve 22 has a low lift characteristic when the lift phase of the intake valve 22 is delayed, and a setting in which the intake valve 22 has a low lift characteristic when the lift phase of the intake valve 22 is advanced. Setting is possible.
[0048]
In order to improve engine performance, it is preferable to set the intake valve 22 to have a low lift characteristic when the lift phase of the intake valve 22 is advanced. In this case, the closing timing of the intake valve 22 is relatively delayed at a high speed and the valve lift amount of the intake valve 22 is increased to improve the charging efficiency, and the closing timing of the intake valve 22 is relatively set at a low speed. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the pump loss and the cam drive friction.
[0049]
In the above-described embodiment, the swing cam 20a is provided on the intake side drive shaft 12, the drive cam 26a is provided on the exhaust side drive shaft 14, and the valve lift amount of the intake valve 22 is variably controlled. Conversely, a drive cam 26a and an oscillating cam 20a may be provided on the intake side drive shaft 12 and the exhaust side drive shaft 14 so that at least the valve lift amount of the exhaust valve 28 is variably controlled.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2, showing a variable valve operating apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of an internal combustion engine to which the variable valve device of the first embodiment is applied.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the apparatus of FIG. 1 as a link.
FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the intake side drive shaft and the swing cam angle of the first embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing lift characteristics of the intake and exhaust valves according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing lift characteristics of intake and exhaust valves according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram showing a variable valve operating apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to a conventional example.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 ... Intake side drive shaft 14 ... Exhaust side drive shaft 20a ... Swing cam 22 ... Intake valve 26a ... Drive cam 28 ... Exhaust valve 32 ... Eccentric cam 34 ... Ring-shaped link 36 ... Control cam 38 ... Rocker arm 40 ... Rod-shaped link 48 ... Actuator

Claims (6)

機関の回転に連動して回転する互いに略平行な第1の駆動軸及び第2の駆動軸と、
上記第1の駆動軸の外周に相対回転可能に設けられ、吸気弁又は排気弁の一方を駆動する揺動カムと、
上記第2の駆動軸の外周に設けられ、吸気弁又は排気弁の他方を駆動する駆動カムと、
上記第1の駆動軸の外周に偏心して設けられた偏心カムと、
この偏心カムの外周に相対回転可能に設けられたリング状リンクと、
上記第2の駆動軸の外周に偏心して設けられた制御カムと、
この制御カムの外周に相対回転可能に設けられ、その一端が上記リング状リンクの先端に連結するロッカアームと、
このロッカアームの他端と上記揺動カムの先端とを連結するロッド状リンクと、
上記第1,第2の駆動軸の回転位相差を可変制御する制御手段と、を有することを特徴とする内燃機関の可変動弁装置。
A first drive shaft and a second drive shaft which are substantially parallel to each other and rotate in conjunction with the rotation of the engine;
A swing cam provided on the outer periphery of the first drive shaft so as to be relatively rotatable and driving one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve;
A drive cam provided on the outer periphery of the second drive shaft and driving the other of the intake valve and the exhaust valve;
An eccentric cam provided eccentrically on the outer periphery of the first drive shaft;
A ring-shaped link provided on the outer periphery of the eccentric cam so as to be relatively rotatable;
A control cam eccentrically provided on the outer periphery of the second drive shaft;
A rocker arm provided on the outer periphery of the control cam so as to be relatively rotatable, one end of which is connected to the tip of the ring-shaped link;
A rod-like link connecting the other end of the rocker arm and the tip of the swing cam;
And a control means for variably controlling the rotational phase difference between the first and second drive shafts.
上記制御手段は、上記第1,第2の駆動軸の一方の一端に設けられ、一方の駆動軸の回転位相を相対的に変化させるアクチュエータを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内燃機関の可変動弁装置。2. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the control unit includes an actuator that is provided at one end of the first and second drive shafts and relatively changes a rotational phase of the one drive shaft. Variable valve gear for engine. 上記アクチュエータを、内燃機関の前側に配置したことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の内燃機関の可変動弁装置。The variable valve operating apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 2, wherein the actuator is disposed on the front side of the internal combustion engine. 上記揺動カムが吸気弁を駆動し、上記駆動カムが排気弁を駆動するように構成したことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の内燃機関の可変動弁装置。4. The variable valve operating apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the swing cam drives an intake valve, and the drive cam drives an exhaust valve. 上記制御手段により排気弁側の第2の駆動軸の回転位相が可変制御され、かつ、排気弁の位相を相対的に遅角させた際に、吸気弁が低リフト特性となるように設定したことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の内燃機関の可変動弁装置。The rotational phase of the second drive shaft on the exhaust valve side is variably controlled by the control means, and the intake valve is set to have a low lift characteristic when the exhaust valve phase is relatively retarded. The variable valve operating apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein: 上記制御手段により吸気弁側の第1の駆動軸の回転位相が可変制御され、かつ、吸気弁の位相を相対的に進角させた際に、吸気弁が低リフト特性となるように設定したことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の内燃機関の可変動弁装置。The rotation phase of the first drive shaft on the intake valve side is variably controlled by the control means, and the intake valve is set to have a low lift characteristic when the phase of the intake valve is relatively advanced. The variable valve operating apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 4, wherein:
JP01647099A 1999-01-26 1999-01-26 Variable valve operating device for internal combustion engine Expired - Fee Related JP4126791B2 (en)

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AT5778U1 (en) 2001-11-15 2002-11-25 Avl List Gmbh INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OPERATED WITH PRIMED IGNITION
WO2009011145A1 (en) * 2007-07-16 2009-01-22 Joho Corporation System for varying total valve opening angle by variable lift
JP5205570B2 (en) * 2007-07-16 2013-06-05 株式会社Joho Variable valve opening angle variable system with variable lift mechanism
JP5298863B2 (en) * 2009-01-08 2013-09-25 日産自動車株式会社 Valve operating device for internal combustion engine
JP5359339B2 (en) * 2009-02-12 2013-12-04 日産自動車株式会社 Valve operating device for internal combustion engine
JP5287327B2 (en) * 2009-02-17 2013-09-11 日産自動車株式会社 Valve operating device for internal combustion engine
JP5604240B2 (en) * 2010-09-22 2014-10-08 株式会社オティックス Variable valve mechanism
CN108386247B (en) * 2018-04-03 2024-09-13 林上煜 A valve train for an automobile engine

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