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JP4127633B2 - Guide device using ultrasonic motor as drive source of movable body - Google Patents
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JP4127633B2 - Guide device using ultrasonic motor as drive source of movable body - Google Patents

Guide device using ultrasonic motor as drive source of movable body Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4127633B2
JP4127633B2 JP2002250679A JP2002250679A JP4127633B2 JP 4127633 B2 JP4127633 B2 JP 4127633B2 JP 2002250679 A JP2002250679 A JP 2002250679A JP 2002250679 A JP2002250679 A JP 2002250679A JP 4127633 B2 JP4127633 B2 JP 4127633B2
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Prior art keywords
ultrasonic motor
unit
friction
driving
friction member
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JP2003339175A (en
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康司 加藤
幸志 足立
裕作 石峯
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、直線運動や回転運動する可動体を超音波モータによって駆動する案内装置に関するものであり、特に、位置決め精度だけでなく、可動体の駆動中においても高い位置精度が要求される精密加工用工作機械、精密測定装置、半導体製造工程等における描画露光装置に用いられる案内装置として好適なものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
超音波モータは、最小振動振幅がナノメートルオーダーと小さく、高分解能の位置決めが可能であり、しかも小型でありながら摩擦駆動であるために駆動力が大きいといった特徴を有するため、これまでカメラのレンズズーム機構や腕時計用バイブレーションアラームなど回転系の装置へ実用化が行われてきた。
【0003】
また、近年では超音波モータを直線系の案内装置へ適用することも試みられている。
【0004】
図5に超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする従来の案内装置の一例を示すように、この案内装置は、ベース基盤51上にクロスローラガイドの如き一対のガイド部材52を備え、これらのガイド部材52によって可動体としてのステージ53が直線的に案内されるようになっている。
【0005】
また、ステージ53の一方の側面には、ガイド部材52に対して平行に駆動力伝達部材54が、ステージ53の他方の側面には、駆動力伝達部材54に対して平行にリニアスケール56aが設置され、このリニアスケール56aと対向する位置には測定ヘッド56bを設けて位置検出手段56を構成するとともに、上記駆動力伝達部材54と対向する位置には超音波モータ55を設置し、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aを上記駆動力伝達部材54の当接面に対して垂直に当接させてある。
【0006】
なお、図中、55dは超音波モータ55を収容するケース、55cは超音波モータ55をステージ53の駆動力伝達部材54に当接させるためのバネ、55bはケース55d内に超音波モータ55を保持するための弾性体である。
【0007】
この超音波モータ55は、楕円振動を発生させる圧電駆動部55eと、この圧電駆動部55eに備えるセラミックスやガラスからなる摩擦部材55aとからなり、圧電駆動部55eは、圧電セラミック板55fの一方の主面に4分割された電極膜55g,55h,55i、55jを有し、対角に位置する電極膜55gと電極膜55iを結線するとともに、対角に位置する電極膜55hと電極膜55jを結線し、かつ他方の主面には、ほぼ全面に共通電極膜(不図示)を形成してあり、共通電極膜をアースするとともに、電極膜55iと電極膜55jにそれぞれ位相を異ならせた電圧を印加することにより、圧電セラミック板55fに縦振動と横振動を発生させ、これらの振動の合力によって摩擦部材55aを楕円運動させるようになっていた。
【0008】
そして、ステージ53の移動に伴う位置検出手段56からの位置情報と、予め設定してあるステージ53の移動プロファイルに基づく基準位置情報との偏差に応じて駆動制御部50にて例えばPID演算処理し、超音波モータ55へ指令信号を出力するフィードバック制御を行うようになっていた。なお、PID演算を行うための制御パラメータであるP項、I項、D項の決定は、実駆動させる前にステージ53の移動中における位置偏差や位置決め精度が規格を満足するように実験により試行錯誤的に決定するようになっていた。
【0009】
ところで、精密加工用工作機械や精密測定装置あるいは半導体製造工程における描画露光装置に用いられる案内装置には、サブミクロンオーダーの高精度な移動中の位置偏差や位置決め精度と、案内装置の長寿命化、高信頼性化が望まれている。
【0010】
しかしながら、超音波モータ55を用いた駆動は摩擦駆動であるため、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aとステージ53の駆動力伝達部材54との間に滑りが発生し易く、この滑りによってステージ53の高精度な位置決めが困難になるとともに、両者の接触状態が変化するために異常摩耗が発生するといった課題があった。
【0011】
そこで、超音波モータ55とステージ53との間の滑りを監視して制御に反映させた案内装置が提案されている。
【0012】
例えば、特開2000−308939公報に開示された案内装置は、図6に示すように、超音波モータ55に予圧を与えるバネ(図5の55c)に代えて電圧の印加により伸縮する圧電アクチュエータ等の予圧調整部61を用いるとともに、超音波モータ55の駆動中における摩擦部材55aの変位、速度、加速度等の位置情報を測定するレーザー変位測定機等の非接触型測定手段62を設け、非接触型測定手段62からの位置情報と位置検出手段56からの位置情報を基に滑り量計測部63にて超音波モータ55とステージ53との間の滑り量を算出し、この滑り量に応じて予圧調整部61を駆動させることにより、超音波モータ55のステージ53への押圧力を調整するようになっていた。
【0013】
また、本件出願人は、図7に示すような案内装置も先に提案している(特願2001−136739)。この案内装置は、駆動制御部50より出力される駆動用指令信号のサーボループ間の変化率と位置偏差をそれぞれ時系列的に監視する監視部71を備え、駆動面54aでの伝達効率、すなわち超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aの滑り具合を監視し、監視部71より得られる伝達効率が予め設定した規格値内にあるか否か判定する判定部72と、位置偏差及び/又は滑り量が各々しきい値外となった時、駆動制御部50のPID演算に用いる制御パラメータ(P項、I項、D項)をそれぞれ変更するパラメータ調整部73を備えたもので、これによりステージ53の安定した駆動と超音波モータ55の異常摩耗を抑えるようになっていた。
【0014】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、図6や図7に示す案内装置では、超音波モータ55とステージ53との間の滑り具合を把握し、摩耗増大の危険性を予知することはできるが、超音波モータ55の駆動速度や予圧及びステージ53の重量等が異なると、同じ滑り量であっても摩耗度合いが大きく異なる場合があり、滑り量のみの監視では駆動条件によってどの程度摩耗が進むのかまでは予測することができなかった。
【0015】
特に、ステージ53を高速度や高加速度で駆動させるような厳しい駆動条件を頻繁に続けると、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aやステージ53の駆動力伝達部材54の異常摩耗が発生し易く、予期せぬトラブルを招いて案内装置を故障させてしまったり、案内装置の寿命が予想以上に速まる恐れがあり、案内装置の寿命を判定することは難しいものであった。
【0016】
その為、駆動途中におけるステージ53の高い位置精度が要求される精密加工用工作機械、精密測定装置、半導体製造工程における描画露光装置等に用いる場合、図6や図7に示す案内装置においても信頼性の点で問題があった。
【0017】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明は、1)摩擦部材を有する超音波モータと、超音波モータの摩擦部材との摩擦駆動により可動する可動体と、可動体の位置を測定する位置検出手段と、位置検出手段からの位置情報と予め設定した移動プロファイルに基づく基準位置情報との偏差を基に演算し、上記超音波モータを駆動させる駆動用指令信号を出力する駆動制御部と、上記超音波モータの摩擦部材の滑り量を算出する滑り量計測部及び上記超音波モータとの摩擦駆動により可動体側の駆動面に作用する接線力を算出する接線力計測部を具備し、上記滑り量計測部で算出された滑り量及び上記接線力計測部で算出された接線力の双方をモニタリングするための監視部とを有する超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする案内装置とした。
【0018】
また本発明は、2)摩擦部材を有する超音波モータと、該超音波モータの摩擦部材との摩擦駆動により可動する可動体と、該可動体の位置を測定する位置検出手段と、該位置検出手段からの位置情報と予め設定した移動プロファイルに基づく基準位置情報との偏差を基に演算し、上記超音波モータを駆動させる駆動用指令信号を出力する駆動制御部と、上記超音波モータの摩擦部材の滑り量を算出する滑り量計測部、上記超音波モータとの摩擦駆動により可動体側の駆動面に作用する接線力を算出する接線力計測部、及び、上記滑り量計測部で算出された滑り量と、上記接線力計測部で算出された接線力との積を算出する摩擦仕事量計測部を具備し、上記積の値をモニタリングするための監視部とを有することを特徴とする超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする案内装置とした。
【0019】
また本発明は、3)上記2)において、上記摩擦仕事量計測部で算出された上記積の値である摩擦仕事量が、予め設定した摩擦仕事量のしきい値内にあるか否かを判定する判定部を有し、上記判定部にて判定した結果に基づき、上記摩擦仕事量計測部より得られる摩擦仕事量がそのしきい値内となるように、駆動制御部の制御パラメータをそれぞれ変更するパラメータ調整部を有することを特徴とする。
【0021】
また本発明は、4)上記1)〜3)のいずれかにおいて、上記超音波モータの駆動中における摩擦部材の変位、速度、加速度等の位置情報は非接触型測定手段によって測定することを特徴とする。
【0022】
また本発明は、5)上記1)〜4)のいずれかにおいて、上記滑り量計測部は、上記超音波モータの駆動中における摩擦部材の変位、速度、加速度等の位置情報と、上記位置検出手段からの位置情報を基に以下の数式1により算出することを特徴とする。
(数式1)
Ls=(A−B)×Tc
但し、Ls:超音波モータの摩擦部材の滑り量
A:非接触型測定手段から得られる超音波モータの摩擦部材の振動速度
B:位置検出手段から得られるステージの移動速度
Tc:超音波モータの摩擦部材の接触時間
また本発明は、6)上記3)において、上記パラメータ調整部で変更された制御パラメータを用いて駆動制御部が駆動した場合、摩擦仕事量が前記予め設定したしきい値を超えた場合に装置内に異常が発生したことを告知する警告部を有することを特徴とする。
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態について説明する。
【0024】
図1は超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする本発明の案内装置の一例を示す模式図である。なお、従来例と同一部分については同一符号で示す。
【0025】
この案内装置は、ベース基盤51上にクロスローラガイドの如き一対のガイド部材52を備え、この一対のガイド部材52に沿って可動体としてのステージ53を直線的に案内するようになっている。
【0026】
また、ステージ53の一方の側面には、上記ガイド部材52に対して平行に駆動力伝達部材54を、他方の側面にはガイド部材52に対して平行にリニアスケール56aをそれぞれ設置し、リニアスケール56aと対向する位置には測定ヘッド56bを設けて位置検出手段56を構成するとともに、上記駆動力伝達部材54と対向する位置には超音波モータ55を設置し、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aを上記駆動力伝達部材54の駆動面54aに対して垂直に当接させてある。
【0027】
なお、図1に示す超音波モータ55の構造及び取付け構造は図5に示した超音波モータ55の構造及び取付け構造と同一であるため、ここでは説明を省略する。 また、位置検出手段56として、ステージ53上に反射ミラーを設け、レーザー測長計で位置を検出するようにしても構わない。
【0028】
そして、ステージ53の移動に伴う位置検出手段56からの変位、速度、加速度等の位置情報を駆動制御部50に送り、この駆動制御部50にて予め設定してあるステージ53の移動プロファイルに基づく基準位置情報(変位、速度、加速度)との偏差を基に、例えばPID演算処理し、その出力値を駆動用指令信号として超音波モータ55へ出力するフィードバック制御を行うことで超音波モータ55をその駆動用指令信号に応じて楕円運動させ、超音波モータ55に備える摩擦部材55aとの摩擦駆動によりステージ53をガイド部材52に沿って移動、位置決めさせるようになっている。
【0029】
ここで、上記ステージ53の移動プロファイルとは、ステージ53の目標移動位置までの時間、変位、速度、加速度等から求まる一括した情報を示す。
【0030】
また、図1に示す本発明の案内装置には、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aの滑り量と、超音波モータ55との摩擦駆動により駆動力伝達部材54の駆動面54aに作用する接線力、さらに滑り量と接線力の積により求められる摩擦仕事量をそれぞれモニタリングする監視部1と、超音波モータ55の駆動中における摩擦部材55aの変位、速度、加速度等の位置情報を測定するレーザードップラー振動計、フォトセンサー等の非接触型測定手段5を設けてあり、監視部1内には、非接触型測定手段5からの位置情報と位置検出手段56からの位置情報より超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aの滑り量を算出する滑り量計測部2と、超音波モータ55により駆動させる搬送物の重量(ステージ53上に搭載物がある場合、搭載物を含めた合計重量)と位置検出手段56より得られる位置情報から算出した加速度を基に超音波モータ55との摩擦駆動により駆動力伝達部材54の駆動面54aに作用する接線力を算出する接線力計測部3、及び上記滑り量計測部2で算出された滑り量と、上記接線力計測部3で算出された接線力との積を算出する摩擦仕事量計測部4をそれぞれ配置してある。
【0031】
ここで、滑り量は超音波モータ55の駆動時における摩擦部材55aの振動速度とステージ53の移動速度とを比較することにより求めることができ、数式1により算出することができる。
(数式1)
Ls=(A−B)×Tc
但し、Ls:超音波モータの摩擦部材の滑り量
A:非接触型測定手段から得られる超音波モータの摩擦部材の振動速度
B:位置検出手段から得られるステージの移動速度
Tc:超音波モータの摩擦部材の接触時間
なお、上記滑り量(Ls)はフィードバック制御時におけるサーボループ間毎に算出すれば良く、例えば、サーボループ時間が超音波モータ55の駆動周波数より長く、サーボループ間に楕円周期が複数回生じる場合はサーボループ間での振動速度(A)を平均化して算出すれば良い。また、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aの接触時間(Tc)は、非接触型測定手段5から得られる摩擦部材55aの振動速度(A)の波形を基に振動速度(A)が遅くなる領域に相当する時間を接触時間とし、接触時間(Tc)においてもサーボループ間で判断すれば良く、さらに、サーボループ間に楕円周期が複数回生じる場合はサーボループ間での接触時間(Tc)を平均化すれば良い。
【0032】
また、接触力は位置検出手段56から得られるステージ53の位置情報より算出したサーボループ間での加速度と、超音波モータ55により駆動させる搬送物の重量とから求めることができ、数式2により算出することができる。
(数式2)
F=G×W
但し、F:超音波モータとの摩擦駆動により駆動力伝達部材の駆動面に作用す
る接線力
G:位置検出手段より得られる位置情報から算出した加速度
W:超音波モータにより駆動させる搬送物の重量
ここで、超音波モータ55との摩擦駆動により駆動力伝達部材54の駆動面54aに作用する接線力を監視するのは、滑り量(Ls)が一定でも接線力は超音波モータ55の駆動速度、加速度、押圧力や搬送物の重量によって常に変化し、この接線力の増加によっても摩耗量が増加するからである。
【0033】
即ち、本件発明者らは、駆動源に超音波モータ55を用いた場合、最も把握しておかなければならない超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aとステージ53の駆動力伝達部材54の摩耗状態の判断について種々研究を重ねた結果、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aの滑り量(Ls)とともに、搬送物の重量や超音波モータ55の振動速度、加速度、押圧力等によっても変化する超音波モータ55との摩擦駆動により駆動力伝達部材54の駆動面54aに作用する接線力(F)を監視すれば良いことを見出し、本発明に至った。
【0034】
このように、本発明の案内装置によれば、監視部1にて摩耗と関連性のある滑り量(Ls)と接線力(F)の双方をモニタリングするようにしたことから、滑り量(Ls)の増加や接線力(F)の低下が発生した場合、超音波モータ55のステージ53との接触状態に変化が見られたことを意味するため、駆動中におけるステージ53の位置精度の劣化や、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aとステージ53の駆動力伝達部材54の異常摩耗を未然に防止することができ、滑り量(Ls)だけを監視していたものと比較して摩耗の度合いをより精度良く把握することができる。
【0035】
なお、本実施形態では、監視部1の滑り量計測部2にて滑り量(Ls)を監視するようにしたが、滑り量(Ls)に代えて本件出願人が先に提案している特開2000−308939公報に開示するように、数式3に示す伝達効率として把握しても構わない。
(数式3)
H=B/A×100(%)
但し、H:伝達効率
A:非接触型測定手段から得られる振動速度
B:位置検出手段からの位置情報
また、図1に示す案内装置の監視部1には、滑り量計測部2で算出した滑り量(Ls)と接線力計測部3で算出した接線力(F)の積を算出する摩擦仕事量計測部4を設けてある。
【0036】
駆動部における摩耗は、滑り量(Ls)と接触の過酷度を表す接線力(F)の両方で観察することが重要であることは先に示したが、両者の積の値で監視すれば総合的に定量値として摩耗状態を監視することができる。
【0037】
即ち、本件発明者らは駆動源として超音波モータ55を用いた場合に最も大きな問題となる摩耗量についてさらに鋭意研究を重ねたところ、滑り量(Ls)と接線力(F)の積と摩耗量との間に数式4に示す関係式が得られることを見出した。
(数式4)
V=K×Ls×F
但し、V:超音波モータの摩擦部材とステージの駆動力伝達部材の合計摩耗量
K:定数
Ls:超音波モータの摩擦部材の滑り量
F:超音波モータとの摩擦駆動により駆動力伝達部材の駆動面に作用する接線力
ここで、Kは定数で,駆動条件を予め設定しておけば、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55a及びステージ53の駆動力伝達部材54を形成する材質とその組み合わせによって決定されるものである。例えば、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55a及びステージ53の駆動力伝達部材54を形成する材質が共にアルミナセラミックスである場合、定数(K)は約3.5×10-5であり、この摩耗量は、滑り量(Ls)×接線力(F)×定数(K)として算出することができる。
【0038】
その為、本発明の案内装置によれば、監視部1の摩擦仕事量計測部4にて摩擦仕事量を算出して単位距離あたりの摩耗量を求め、これに駆動距離をかけて摩耗量を算出することにより摩耗の度合いを定量的に予測し、案内装置の寿命を把握することができる。
【0039】
また、摩擦仕事量計測部4にて摩擦仕事量を常に監視して摩耗量を算出し、予め計算しておいた摩耗量となった時、案内装置を自動的に停止させるようにしておけば、駆動中におけるステージ53の位置精度の劣化や、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55a及びステージ53の駆動力伝達部材54の異常摩耗を未然に防止することができ、不必要なメンテナンスをなくすことができるため、案内装置の稼動効率を向上させることができる。
【0040】
次に、監視部を有する本発明の案内装置の応用例について図2を基に説明する。
【0041】
この案内装置は、監視部1の摩擦仕事量計測部4にて算出した摩擦仕事量が予め設定した摩擦仕事量のしきい値内にあるか否かを判定する判定部6と、この判定部6の結果が常に予め設定した摩擦仕事量のしきい値内となるように駆動制御部50の制御パラメータを変更するパラメータ調整部7と摩擦部材の摩耗が進み調整できるパラメータの範囲が狭くなり、予め設定した摩擦仕事量のしきい値を超えてしまいメンテナンスが必要である場合に装置の異常を警告する警告部8を図1に示す案内装置に設けたものである。
【0042】
ここで、上記摩擦仕事量のしきい値は摩擦部材の寿命を考慮して設定される値であり、摩擦部材の材質やかかる荷重等によってその範囲を決定する。摩擦部材の寿命が短ければその範囲は狭く長ければ範囲は広い。
【0043】
そして、ステージ53を駆動させるにあたり、偏差が同じ状態で駆動するならば摩擦仕事量計測部4により得られる摩擦仕事量の値が小さい程、超音波モータ55の滑りがなく効率良く駆動力をステージ53に伝達することができ、さらに摩耗量を最小限に抑えることになる。
【0044】
その為、摩擦仕事量のしきい値を設けて判定部6にて確認することにより、摩擦仕事量計測部4にて算出した摩擦仕事量が予め設定した摩擦仕事量のしきい値を超える場合、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55a及びステージ53の駆動力伝達部材54の異常摩耗を招く恐れがあることを容易に確認することができる。
【0045】
なお、判定部6における摩擦仕事量のしきい値は数式4より得られる摩耗仕事量と摩耗量との関係から摩擦仕事量の最小値を把握し、この最小値を基に摩擦仕事量のしきい値を適宜決定すれば良い。
【0046】
また、図2に示す案内装置によれば、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55a及びステージ53の駆動力伝達部材54の摩耗状態を監視する判定部6とともに、摩擦仕事量計測部4にて算出した摩擦仕事量が予め設定した摩擦仕事量のしきい値を超えないように駆動制御部50の制御パラメータ(PID制御ではP項、I項,D項)を変更するパラメータ調整部7を設けたことから、超音波モータ55の異常摩耗を未然に防ぎ、摩耗の発生を抑えることができるとともに、長期間にわたってステージ53の安定した駆動を実現することができる。
【0047】
また、パラメータ調整部7での制御パラメータの調整を行っても判定部6での摩擦仕事量がしきい値を満足できなくなったときは装置の稼働が突然停止するため、製品の製造ラインに本発明の案内装置を導入した場合、製造中の製品が不良となるばかりか、製造ラインが完全にストップしてしまうために多大な損失を被る恐れがある。よって装置の異常を種々の手段によって事前にメンテナンス可能な人員に知らせるために警告部8が必要となる。なお、装置の異常を警告する手段としては、例えば判定部6に警告音や警告ランプ等の直接的に異常を知らせる装置を接続する手段や、判定部6と製造ラインの電源装置を接続する手段、或いは判定部6と本発明の案内装置のユーザを間接的にオンラインで接続する手段等を設置し、摩擦仕事量がしきい値を超えた場合にはこれらの警告部が作動し、装置の異常を早急に把握しメンテナンスを実施できるようにする。
【0048】
このように、摩擦仕事量がしきい値内にあるか否かを判定する判定部6と、この判定部6の結果が予め設定した摩擦仕事量のしきい値内となるように駆動制御部50の制御パラメータを調整するパラメータ調整部7と摩擦部材の摩耗が進み調整できるパラメータの範囲が狭くなり、予め設定した摩擦仕事量のしきい値を超えてしまいメンテナンスが必要である場合に装置の異常を警告する警告部8を設けることにより、超音波モータ55の異常摩耗を未然に防ぐとともに、摩耗を抑え、ステージ53の安定した駆動を長期間にわたって実現することが可能な案内装置を提供することができる。
【0049】
その為、本発明の案内装置は、駆動途中におけるステージ53の高い位置精度が要求される精密加工用工作機械、精密測定装置、半導体製造工程における描画露光装置等に用いる案内装置として好適に用いることができる。
【0050】
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明の案内装置に用いる超音波モータ55の振動形式は特に限定するものではなく、単一の振動モードのみならず、モード変換型、多重モード型、モード回転型、複合振動型等の複数の振動モードのものを適用することもできる。
【0051】
さらに、本発明の案内装置では、ステージ53をなす可動体が直線運動する例を説明したが、可動体が回転運動する案内装置に適用することもでき、本発明の範囲を逸脱しない範囲で種々改良や変更したものにも適用できることは言うまでもない。
【0052】
【実施例】
ここで、図1に示す本発明の案内装置の具体例について説明する。
【0053】
ステージ53を案内するガイド部材52には、200mmのストロークを有するクロスローラガイドを用い、ステージ53は250mm×120mm×30mmの板状体とし、アルミニウムにより形成した。そして、ステージ53上には重り(不図示)を載せ、搬送物(ステージ53と重り)の重量が100Nとなるようにした。
【0054】
また、ステージ53を駆動させる超音波モータ55は、幅8mm、長さ30mm、厚み3mmの圧電駆動部55eの端面にアルミナセラミック製の摩擦部材55aを備え、圧電駆動部55eの一方の主面には4つの電極膜55g,55h,55i、55jを形成し、対角に位置する電極膜55g,55h,55i、55j同士を結線するとともに、他方の主面全体に1つの共通電極膜を形成してなり、4つの電極膜55i,55jに互いの位相差を90度ずらした指令電圧を印加することにより、摩擦部材55aが楕円運動するようにしたものを用いた。なお、摩擦部材55aの当接面は、曲率半径が3mmの球面とし、表面粗度を中心線平均粗さ(Ra)で0.05μmとした。
【0055】
さらに、ステージ53の位置検出手段56を構成するリニアスケール56aには、ミツトヨ製のリニアスケールS33Cを用い、ステージ53の一方の側面に設置するとともに、このリニアスケール56aと対向する位置に検出ヘッド56bを設置して位置検出手段56を構成し、ステージ53の他方の側面にはアルミナセラミック製の駆動力伝達部材54を設置した。
【0056】
また、駆動制御部50と監視部1をそれぞれ接続するとともに、非接触型測定手段5にレーザードップラ振動計を用い、このレーザードップラ振動計を超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aに対して垂直に設置し、超音波モータ55を駆動させた時の位置情報(変位、速度、加速度)と、位置検出手段56からの位置情報(変位、速度、加速度)を基に監視部1の滑り量計測部2にて数式1により滑り量(Ls)を算出するようにした。
(数式1)
Ls=(A−B)×Tc
但し、Ls:超音波モータの摩擦部材の滑り量
A:非接触型測定手段から得られる超音波モータの摩擦部材の振動速度
B:位置検出手段から得られるステージの移動速度
Tc:超音波モータの摩擦部材の接触時間
但し、滑り量(Ls)の算出に用いる振動速度(A)は、サーボループ間での平均値を用いた。また、接触時間(Tc)は振動速度(A)の波形を基に、摩擦部材55aの振動速度が遅くなる部分を接触時間とし、サーボループ間での平均値を用いた。
【0057】
また、合わせて監視部1の接線力計測部3にて、サーボループ間での駆動時の位置情報を基に加速度を算出し、数式2にて接線力(F)を算出するようにした。
(数式2)
F=G×W
但し、F:超音波モータとの摩擦駆動により駆動力伝達部材の駆動面に作用す
る接線力
G:位置検出手段より得られる位置情報から算出した加速度
W:超音波モータにより駆動させる搬送物の重量
そして、超音波モータ55の駆動制御にPID制御を用い、ステージ53の移動プロファイルとして、ステージ53の移動距離200mm、加速度0.1G、最高速度50mm/sの台形制御と、ステージ53の移動距離200mm、加速度0.1G、最高速度100mm/sの台形制御の2種類を用意して予め駆動制御部50に設定した後、上記移動プロファイルに基づいて位置偏差が1μm以内に入るようにPID制御した。
【0058】
そして、超音波モータ55を40KHzの周波数で駆動させ、その時の予圧と速度を水準に取り、ステージ53を100km駆動させた後の超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aの滑り量(Ls)と摩耗率を測定する実験を行った。
【0059】
ただし、サーボループは0.3msとし、滑り量(Ls)は駆動用指令信号のサーボループ間内での平均値とした。また、摩耗率は、駆動後の超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55a及びステージ53の駆動力伝達部材54の摩耗体積を駆動距離で割った値とした。なお、制御パラメータ(P項、I項、D項)のうちD項を高くした場合についても同様に実験を行った。
【0060】
結果は図3に示す通りである。ただし、等速度駆動内での滑り量(Ls)のばらつきはD項の設定値のばらつきによるものである。
【0061】
この結果、図3より判るように、速度を上げると滑り量(Ls)が大きくなり、さらに滑り量(Ls)の増加に比例して摩耗量も増加することが判る。
【0062】
つまり、同じ位置偏差1μm以内に入る条件下でも駆動速度やPID設定により滑り量(Ls)は大きく異なり、特にPID設定の高い状態では摩耗が大きくなる。即ち、D項を上げたことで本来低いPIDで十分な値であるのに過剰なPIDを与えたため、ステージ53が不安定挙動となり、超音波モータ55の滑りが発生したものと考えられる。
【0063】
また、予圧を変更すると滑り量(Ls)が同じでも摩耗量が異なることが判る。予圧変更に相当する接線力の違いを見ると、予圧増加に伴い接線力も増加しており、駆動力は十分あるにも関わらず余計な予圧を掛けて駆動してしまったため、接触面圧が高くなり、摩耗が進行したものである。
【0064】
この結果、滑り量(Ls)と接線力(F)を小さく駆動させることが摩耗低減につながることが判る。
【0065】
そして、監視部1にて滑り量(Ls)と、超音波モータ55との摩擦駆動により駆動力伝達部材54の駆動面54aに作用する接線力(F)の双方を監視することにより、摩耗度合いを精度良く判断することができる。
【0066】
このように超音波モータ55の駆動中における摩擦部材55aの位置情報を測定する非接触型測定手段5を設けると共に、この非接触型測定手段5からの位置情報と位置検出手段56からの位置情報とを相対的に比較、演算する滑り量計測部2を設けたことにより、超音波モータ55の滑り量(Ls)を把握することができ、さらに搬送物の重量と位置検出手段56からの位置情報より得られる加速度を基に駆動力伝達部材54の駆動面54aに作用する接線力を算出する接線力計測部3を監視部1に設けることにより、ステージ53の駆動中における超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55a及び駆動力伝達部材54の駆動面54aの摩耗状態を把握することができる。
【0067】
また、図4に、図3の滑り量(Ls)と接線力(F)との積により得られる摩擦仕事量と摩耗量との関係を示すように、摩擦仕事量と摩耗量との間には比例関係があることが判る。
【0068】
従って、監視部1に摩擦仕事量計測部4にて摩擦仕事量をモニタリングすることにより摩耗量を予測することが可能となり、案内装置の寿命を判断できることが判る。
(実施例2)
次に、実施例1の案内装置に判定部6とパラメータ調整部7を設けた図2に示す案内装置と、判定部6及びパラメータ調整部7を持たない案内装置を用意し、ステージ53の最高速度を100mm/sとする以外は実施例1と同様の移動プロファイルとしてステージ53を1000km駆動させたときの監視部1で監視される滑り量(Ls)と摩擦仕事量、及び摩耗量を調べる実験を行った。
【0069】
結果は表1に示す通りである。
【0070】
【表1】

Figure 0004127633
【0071】
この結果、判定部6とパラメータ調整部7を持たない図1の案内装置は、ステージ53の駆動距離が500kmに達した時、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aの滑り量(Ls)が120nmに増加し、さらに摩擦仕事量も3.3×10-4Nmに上昇した。
【0072】
これに対し、判定部6とパラメータ調整部7を有する図2の案内装置は、ステージ53を1000km駆動させても超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55aの滑り量(Ls)は50nm、摩擦仕事量は1.4×10-4Nmで安定しており、駆動後の摩耗量を測定したところ、図1の案内装置の摩耗量に対して1/5以下とすることができた。
【0073】
この結果、監視部1、判定部6、パラメータ調整部7を設けて図2に示す案内装置を構成すれば、超音波モータ55の摩擦部材55a及びステージ53の駆動力伝達部材54の摩耗を抑え、案内装置の寿命を大幅に向上させることができる。ことが判る。
【0074】
また、滑り量(Ls)と接線力(F)の積である摩擦仕事量を常に測定し、10km毎に摩擦仕事量を測定し摩耗定数を掛けて摩耗量を測定し、それを1000km駆動する間の摩耗量の総和を摩耗量の予測値として計算させて実際の摩耗量と比較したところ、予測値と実測値のばらつきが5%未満とはほぼ一致していた。
【0075】
更に、上述した案内装置に判定部6にて摩擦仕事量のしきい値を超えた場合に警告音を発し、製造ラインを自動的に停止させ、案内装置のユーザにもオンラインでメンテナンスの必要性を知らせる警告部8を設け、各種製造装置と平行して稼働する製造ラインに導入したところ、案内装置に異常が発生しても自動的に製造ラインを停止させ、装置のメンテナンス時期を知ることができるために、製品不良や製造ラインの停止等の問題が発生することはなかった。
【0076】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、請求項1に係る発明によれば、超音波モータの摩擦部材及び可動体側の駆動面の摩耗状態を的確に把握することができ、案内装置の信頼性を向上させることができるとともに、不必要なメンテナンスによって案内装置を止める必要がなく、稼働効率を向上させることができる。
【0077】
また、請求項2に係る発明によれば、上記監視部に、上記滑り量計測部で算出された滑り量と、上記接線力計測部で算出された接線力との積を算出する摩擦仕事量計測部を設けたことから、超音波モータの摩擦部材及び可動体側の駆動面の摩耗を定量的に把握することができる。
【0079】
さらに、請求項に係る発明によれば、摩擦仕事量計測部より得られる摩擦仕事量が、予め設定した摩擦仕事量のしきい値内にあるか否かを判定する判定部を設けたことから、摩擦仕事量計測部より得られる摩擦仕事量がそのしきい値を超えた場合、超音波モータの摩擦部材や可動体側の駆動面に異常摩耗が発生する恐れがあることを把握することができる。判定部にて判定した結果に基づき、上記摩擦仕事量計測部より得られる摩擦仕事量がそのしきい値内となるように、駆動制御部の制御パラメータをそれぞれ変更するパラメータ調整部を設けたことから、超音波モータの摩擦部材や可動体側の駆動面の異常摩耗を未然に防ぐことができ、摩耗を抑えて可動体の安定した駆動を長期間にわたって実現することができる。
【0080】
また、請求項に係る発明によれば、超音波モータの駆動中における摩擦部材の変位、速度、加速度等の位置情報を非接触型測定手段によって測定するようにしたことから、摩擦部材の位置情報を正確に把握することができる。
【0081】
請求項に係る発明によれば、滑り量計測部において、超音波モータの駆動中における摩擦部材の変位、速度、加速度等の位置情報と、位置検出手段からの位置情報を基に数式1により滑り量を算出するようにしたことから、超音波モータの摩擦部材の滑り量を正確に算出することができる。
(数式1)
Ls=(A−B)×Tc
但し、Ls:超音波モータの摩擦部材の滑り量
A:非接触型測定手段から得られる超音波モータの摩擦部材の振動速度
B:位置検出手段から得られるステージの移動速度
Tc:超音波モータの摩擦部材の接触時間
請求項に係る発明によれば、上記パラメータ調整部で変更された制御パラメータを用いて駆動制御部が駆動した場合、摩擦仕事量が前記予め設定したしきい値を超えた場合に装置内に異常が発生したことを告知する警告部を有するため、装置の異常を早急に察知することができ、メンテナンスを実施できる。
【0082】
その為、本発明の案内装置は、駆動途中における可動体の高い位置精度が要求される精密加工用工作機械、精密測定装置、半導体製造工程における描画露光装置等に好適に用いることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする本発明の案内装置の一例を示す模式図である。
【図2】超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする本発明の案内装置の応用例を示す模式図である。
【図3】図1に示す本発明の案内装置を用いてステージを駆動させた時の滑り量と摩耗率との関係を示す線図である。
【図4】図1に示す本発明の案内装置を用いてステージを駆動させた時の摩擦仕事量と摩耗率との関係を示す線図である。
【図5】超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする従来の案内装置の一例を示す模式図である。
【図6】超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする従来の案内装置の他の例を示す模式図である。
【図7】本件出願人が先に提案した超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする案内装置を示す模式図である。
【符号の説明】
1:監視部
2:滑り量計測部
3:接線力計測部
4:摩擦仕事量計測部
5,62:非接触型測定手段
6:判定部
7:パラメータ調整部
8:警告部
50:駆動制御部
51:ベース基盤
52:ガイド部材
53:ステージ
54:駆動力伝達部材
54a:駆動面
55:超音波モータ
55a:摩擦部材
55b:弾性体
55c:バネ
55d:ケース
55e:圧電駆動部
55f:圧電セラミック板
55g〜55j:電極膜
56:位置検出手段
56a:リニアスケール
56b:検出ヘッド
61:予圧調整部
63:滑り量計測部
71:監視部
72:判定部
73:パラメータ調整部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a guide device that drives a movable body that moves linearly or rotationally by an ultrasonic motor, and in particular, precision machining that requires high positional accuracy not only during positioning but also during driving of the movable body. It is suitable as a guide device used for a drawing exposure apparatus in a machine tool, a precision measuring device, a semiconductor manufacturing process, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Ultrasonic motors have a minimum vibration amplitude on the order of nanometers, can be positioned with high resolution, and have a large driving force because they are small but frictionally driven. Practical applications have been made for rotary devices such as zoom mechanisms and wristwatch vibration alarms.
[0003]
In recent years, it has been attempted to apply an ultrasonic motor to a linear guide device.
[0004]
As shown in FIG. 5 as an example of a conventional guide device using an ultrasonic motor as a driving source for a movable body, this guide device includes a pair of guide members 52 such as cross roller guides on a base substrate 51. A stage 53 as a movable body is linearly guided by the guide member 52.
[0005]
A driving force transmission member 54 is installed on one side of the stage 53 in parallel with the guide member 52, and a linear scale 56 a is installed on the other side of the stage 53 in parallel with the driving force transmission member 54. A measuring head 56b is provided at a position facing the linear scale 56a to constitute the position detecting means 56, and an ultrasonic motor 55 is installed at a position facing the driving force transmitting member 54. 55 friction members 55a are brought into contact with the contact surface of the driving force transmission member 54 perpendicularly.
[0006]
In the figure, 55d is a case for accommodating the ultrasonic motor 55, 55c is a spring for bringing the ultrasonic motor 55 into contact with the driving force transmission member 54 of the stage 53, and 55b is an ultrasonic motor 55 in the case 55d. It is an elastic body for holding.
[0007]
The ultrasonic motor 55 includes a piezoelectric drive unit 55e that generates elliptical vibration and a friction member 55a made of ceramic or glass provided in the piezoelectric drive unit 55e. The piezoelectric drive unit 55e is one of the piezoelectric ceramic plates 55f. The main surface has electrode films 55g, 55h, 55i, and 55j divided into four parts, and connects the electrode film 55g and the electrode film 55i located diagonally, and connects the electrode film 55h and the electrode film 55j located diagonally to each other. A common electrode film (not shown) is formed on almost the entire main surface on the other main surface, and the common electrode film is grounded, and the electrodes film 55i and the electrode film 55j have different phases. Is applied to generate longitudinal vibration and lateral vibration in the piezoelectric ceramic plate 55f, and the friction member 55a is caused to move elliptically by the resultant force of these vibrations.
[0008]
Then, for example, PID calculation processing is performed in the drive control unit 50 in accordance with the deviation between the position information from the position detection unit 56 accompanying the movement of the stage 53 and the reference position information based on the preset movement profile of the stage 53. Then, feedback control for outputting a command signal to the ultrasonic motor 55 is performed. It should be noted that the determination of the P term, I term, and D term, which are control parameters for performing the PID calculation, is carried out by experiments so that the position deviation and positioning accuracy during the movement of the stage 53 satisfy the standard before actual driving. It came to be decided by mistake.
[0009]
By the way, for guide devices used for precision processing machine tools, precision measuring devices, or lithography exposure equipment in semiconductor manufacturing processes, high-precision positional deviation and positioning accuracy during movement on the order of submicrons, and longer life of the guide devices. Therefore, high reliability is desired.
[0010]
However, since the drive using the ultrasonic motor 55 is a friction drive, a slip is likely to occur between the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 and the driving force transmission member 54 of the stage 53, and this slip causes the stage 53 to move. There is a problem that high-precision positioning becomes difficult and abnormal wear occurs because the contact state between the two changes.
[0011]
Therefore, a guide device has been proposed in which slippage between the ultrasonic motor 55 and the stage 53 is monitored and reflected in the control.
[0012]
For example, as shown in FIG. 6, a guide device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-308939 is a piezoelectric actuator that expands and contracts by applying a voltage instead of a spring (55c in FIG. 5) that applies a preload to the ultrasonic motor 55. And a non-contact type measuring means 62 such as a laser displacement measuring machine for measuring positional information such as displacement, speed, acceleration and the like of the friction member 55a during driving of the ultrasonic motor 55. Based on the position information from the mold measuring means 62 and the position information from the position detecting means 56, the slip amount measuring unit 63 calculates the slip amount between the ultrasonic motor 55 and the stage 53, and according to this slip amount. By driving the preload adjusting unit 61, the pressing force of the ultrasonic motor 55 on the stage 53 is adjusted.
[0013]
Further, the applicant of the present application has previously proposed a guide device as shown in FIG. 7 (Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-136739). This guide device includes a monitoring unit 71 that monitors the change rate and position deviation between servo loops of the drive command signal output from the drive control unit 50 in time series, and the transmission efficiency on the drive surface 54a, that is, A determination unit 72 that monitors the degree of sliding of the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 and determines whether or not the transmission efficiency obtained from the monitoring unit 71 is within a preset standard value, and the positional deviation and / or slip amount are A parameter adjustment unit 73 is provided for changing control parameters (P term, I term, D term) used for PID calculation of the drive control unit 50 when each of the values exceeds the threshold value. Stable driving and abnormal wear of the ultrasonic motor 55 are suppressed.
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, although the guide device shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 can grasp the degree of sliding between the ultrasonic motor 55 and the stage 53 and predict the risk of increased wear, the driving speed of the ultrasonic motor 55 If the preload and the weight of the stage 53 are different, the degree of wear may vary greatly even with the same amount of slip. By monitoring only the amount of slip, it is possible to predict how much wear will progress depending on the driving conditions. There wasn't.
[0015]
In particular, if severe driving conditions such as driving the stage 53 at a high speed or high acceleration are continued frequently, abnormal wear of the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 and the driving force transmission member 54 of the stage 53 is likely to occur, which is expected. It may be difficult to determine the life of the guide device because it may cause troubles and cause the guide device to break down or the life of the guide device may be faster than expected.
[0016]
Therefore, when used in a precision processing machine tool, a precision measuring device, a drawing exposure device in a semiconductor manufacturing process, or the like that requires high positional accuracy of the stage 53 during driving, the guide device shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is also reliable. There was a problem in terms of sex.
[0017]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  ThereforeThe present invention is 1)Ultrasonic motor having friction member, movable body movable by friction drive of friction member of ultrasonic motor, position detection means for measuring position of movable body, position information from position detection means and preset movement A drive control unit that calculates based on a deviation from reference position information based on a profile and outputs a drive command signal for driving the ultrasonic motor, and a slip amount measurement that calculates a slip amount of a friction member of the ultrasonic motor And a tangential force measuring unit that calculates a tangential force acting on the drive surface on the movable body side by friction drive with the ultrasonic motor.For monitoring both the slip amount calculated by the slip amount measuring unit and the tangential force calculated by the tangential force measuring unit.With the monitoring departmentHaveGuide device using ultrasonic motor as drive source of movable bodyIt was.
[0018]
  The present invention also includes: 2) an ultrasonic motor having a friction member, a movable body that is movable by friction drive with the friction member of the ultrasonic motor, position detection means that measures the position of the movable body, and the position detection A drive control unit that calculates a deviation between position information from the means and reference position information based on a preset movement profile and outputs a drive command signal for driving the ultrasonic motor; and friction of the ultrasonic motor Calculated by a slip amount measuring unit for calculating the slip amount of the member, a tangential force measuring unit for calculating a tangential force acting on the driving surface on the movable body side by friction driving with the ultrasonic motor, and the slip amount measuring unit. A friction work measuring unit that calculates a product of a slip amount and a tangential force calculated by the tangential force measuring unit, and a monitoring unit that monitors the value of the product. Sonic motor can be used And a guide device for the body driving source of.
[0019]
  Further, in the present invention, in 3) above 2), it is determined whether or not the friction work, which is the value of the product calculated by the friction work measurement unit, is within a preset threshold value of the friction work. A control unit for determining the control parameters of the drive control unit so that the frictional work obtained from the frictional work measurement unit is within the threshold value based on the result determined by the determination unit; It has the parameter adjustment part to change, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
[0021]
  Moreover, this invention is 4) in any one of said 1) -3),Position information such as displacement, speed, acceleration, etc. of the friction member during driving of the ultrasonic motor is measured by a non-contact type measuring means.RukoAnd features.
[0022]
  Moreover, this invention is 5) in any one of said 1) -4),Above slip amount measurement unitIsBased on position information such as displacement, speed, acceleration and the like of the friction member during driving of the ultrasonic motor, and position information from the position detecting means, the calculation is performed by the following formula 1.
(Formula 1)
Ls = (A−B) × Tc
Where Ls: slip amount of friction member of ultrasonic motor
A: Vibration speed of friction member of ultrasonic motor obtained from non-contact type measuring means
B: Stage moving speed obtained from position detecting means
Tc: contact time of friction member of ultrasonic motor
  Further, according to the present invention, in 6) the above 3), when the drive control unit is driven using the control parameter changed by the parameter adjustment unit, the friction work exceeds the preset threshold value. It has a warning part for notifying that an abnormality has occurred.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
[0024]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a guide device according to the present invention using an ultrasonic motor as a drive source for a movable body. The same parts as those in the conventional example are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0025]
This guide device includes a pair of guide members 52 such as cross roller guides on a base substrate 51, and linearly guides a stage 53 as a movable body along the pair of guide members 52.
[0026]
A driving force transmitting member 54 is installed on one side of the stage 53 in parallel with the guide member 52, and a linear scale 56a is installed on the other side in parallel with the guide member 52. A measuring head 56b is provided at a position facing the surface 56a to constitute the position detecting means 56, and an ultrasonic motor 55 is installed at a position facing the driving force transmitting member 54, and a friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 is disposed. Is brought into contact with the driving surface 54a of the driving force transmitting member 54 perpendicularly.
[0027]
The structure and mounting structure of the ultrasonic motor 55 shown in FIG. 1 are the same as the structure and mounting structure of the ultrasonic motor 55 shown in FIG. Further, as the position detection means 56, a reflection mirror may be provided on the stage 53, and the position may be detected by a laser length meter.
[0028]
Then, positional information such as displacement, speed, acceleration and the like from the position detecting means 56 accompanying the movement of the stage 53 is sent to the drive control unit 50, and based on the movement profile of the stage 53 preset by the drive control unit 50. Based on the deviation from the reference position information (displacement, speed, acceleration), for example, PID calculation processing is performed, and feedback control is performed to output the output value to the ultrasonic motor 55 as a drive command signal. The stage 53 is moved and positioned along the guide member 52 by an elliptical motion in accordance with the drive command signal and by friction drive with the friction member 55a provided in the ultrasonic motor 55.
[0029]
Here, the movement profile of the stage 53 indicates collective information obtained from time, displacement, speed, acceleration, etc. to the target movement position of the stage 53.
[0030]
Further, in the guide device of the present invention shown in FIG. 1, the sliding amount of the friction member 55 a of the ultrasonic motor 55 and the tangential force acting on the driving surface 54 a of the driving force transmission member 54 by friction driving with the ultrasonic motor 55. In addition, the monitoring unit 1 for monitoring the frictional work obtained by the product of the slip amount and the tangential force, and the laser Doppler for measuring positional information such as the displacement, speed, acceleration and the like of the friction member 55a while the ultrasonic motor 55 is driven. A non-contact type measuring means 5 such as a vibrometer or a photosensor is provided, and the monitoring unit 1 includes an ultrasonic motor 55 based on position information from the non-contact type measuring means 5 and position information from the position detecting means 56. The slip amount measuring unit 2 for calculating the slip amount of the friction member 55a and the weight of the transported object driven by the ultrasonic motor 55 (if there is a mounted object on the stage 53, the total including the mounted object) The tangential force measuring unit 3 calculates a tangential force acting on the driving surface 54a of the driving force transmitting member 54 by friction driving with the ultrasonic motor 55 based on the acceleration calculated from the weight) and the position information obtained from the position detecting means 56. In addition, a frictional work measurement unit 4 that calculates the product of the slippage calculated by the slippage measurement unit 2 and the tangential force calculated by the tangential force measurement unit 3 is disposed.
[0031]
Here, the slippage amount can be obtained by comparing the vibration speed of the friction member 55 a when the ultrasonic motor 55 is driven with the moving speed of the stage 53, and can be calculated by using Equation 1.
(Formula 1)
Ls = (A−B) × Tc
Where Ls: slip amount of friction member of ultrasonic motor
A: Vibration speed of friction member of ultrasonic motor obtained from non-contact type measuring means
B: Stage moving speed obtained from position detecting means
Tc: contact time of friction member of ultrasonic motor
The slip amount (Ls) may be calculated for each servo loop at the time of feedback control. For example, when the servo loop time is longer than the drive frequency of the ultrasonic motor 55 and the elliptic period occurs a plurality of times between servo loops. May be calculated by averaging the vibration velocity (A) between the servo loops. Further, the contact time (Tc) of the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 is a region where the vibration speed (A) becomes slow based on the waveform of the vibration speed (A) of the friction member 55a obtained from the non-contact type measuring means 5. And the contact time (Tc) may be determined between the servo loops. Further, if the elliptic period occurs multiple times between the servo loops, the contact time (Tc) between the servo loops is determined. Average it.
[0032]
The contact force can be obtained from the acceleration between the servo loops calculated from the position information of the stage 53 obtained from the position detection means 56 and the weight of the transported object driven by the ultrasonic motor 55. can do.
(Formula 2)
F = G × W
F: Acts on the drive surface of the drive force transmission member by friction drive with the ultrasonic motor.
Tangent force
G: Acceleration calculated from position information obtained from position detection means
W: Weight of transported object driven by ultrasonic motor
Here, the tangential force acting on the driving surface 54a of the driving force transmission member 54 by friction driving with the ultrasonic motor 55 is monitored because the tangential force is the driving speed of the ultrasonic motor 55 even if the slip amount (Ls) is constant. This is because it always changes depending on the acceleration, the pressing force and the weight of the conveyed product, and the amount of wear also increases with the increase of the tangential force.
[0033]
That is, when the ultrasonic motor 55 is used as a driving source, the inventors of the present invention determine the wear state of the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 and the driving force transmission member 54 of the stage 53 that should be most understood. As a result of various studies on the ultrasonic motor 55, the ultrasonic motor 55 that varies depending on the weight of the conveyed object, the vibration speed, acceleration, pressing force, etc. of the ultrasonic motor 55 as well as the slip amount (Ls) of the friction member 55 a of the ultrasonic motor 55. It has been found that the tangential force (F) acting on the driving surface 54a of the driving force transmission member 54 by the frictional driving of the driving force may be monitored, and the present invention has been achieved.
[0034]
Thus, according to the guide device of the present invention, since both the slip amount (Ls) and the tangential force (F) related to wear are monitored by the monitoring unit 1, the slip amount (Ls ) Increase or decrease in tangential force (F) means that the state of contact of the ultrasonic motor 55 with the stage 53 has changed. In addition, abnormal wear of the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 and the driving force transmission member 54 of the stage 53 can be prevented in advance, and the degree of wear can be reduced as compared with the case where only the slip amount (Ls) is monitored. It can be grasped more accurately.
[0035]
In the present embodiment, the slip amount (Ls) is monitored by the slip amount measuring unit 2 of the monitoring unit 1, but the present applicant previously proposed a feature instead of the slip amount (Ls). As disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-308939, the transmission efficiency shown in Formula 3 may be grasped.
(Formula 3)
H = B / A × 100 (%)
Where H: Transmission efficiency
A: Vibration speed obtained from non-contact type measuring means
B: Position information from the position detection means
Further, the monitoring unit 1 of the guide device shown in FIG. 1 includes a frictional work amount for calculating the product of the slippage amount (Ls) calculated by the slippage amount measurement unit 2 and the tangential force (F) calculated by the tangential force measurement unit 3. A measuring unit 4 is provided.
[0036]
Although it has been shown earlier that the wear in the drive unit is important to observe with both the slip amount (Ls) and the tangential force (F) representing the severity of contact, The wear state can be monitored comprehensively as a quantitative value.
[0037]
In other words, the inventors of the present invention conducted further earnest research on the amount of wear, which is the biggest problem when the ultrasonic motor 55 is used as a driving source. As a result, the product of the amount of slip (Ls) and the tangential force (F) and the wear It was found that the relational expression shown in Formula 4 was obtained between the quantity and the quantity.
(Formula 4)
V = K × Ls × F
V: Total wear amount of friction member of ultrasonic motor and driving force transmission member of stage
K: Constant
Ls: Sliding amount of friction member of ultrasonic motor
F: Tangential force acting on the driving surface of the driving force transmitting member by friction driving with the ultrasonic motor
Here, K is a constant, and if the driving conditions are set in advance, it is determined by the material forming the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 and the driving force transmission member 54 of the stage 53 and the combination thereof. For example, when both the material forming the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 and the driving force transmission member 54 of the stage 53 are alumina ceramics, the constant (K) is about 3.5 × 10.-FiveThe amount of wear can be calculated as slip amount (Ls) × tangential force (F) × constant (K).
[0038]
Therefore, according to the guide device of the present invention, the friction work amount measurement unit 4 of the monitoring unit 1 calculates the friction work amount to obtain the wear amount per unit distance, and the wear amount is obtained by multiplying this by the driving distance. By calculating, it is possible to quantitatively predict the degree of wear and grasp the life of the guide device.
[0039]
In addition, the friction work measurement unit 4 constantly monitors the friction work to calculate the wear amount, and when the wear amount calculated in advance is reached, the guide device is automatically stopped. It is possible to prevent deterioration of the positional accuracy of the stage 53 during driving and abnormal wear of the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 and the driving force transmission member 54 of the stage 53, thereby eliminating unnecessary maintenance. Therefore, the operating efficiency of the guide device can be improved.
[0040]
Next, an application example of the guide device of the present invention having a monitoring unit will be described with reference to FIG.
[0041]
The guide device includes a determination unit 6 that determines whether or not the friction work calculated by the friction work measurement unit 4 of the monitoring unit 1 is within a preset threshold of friction work, and the determination unit The parameter adjustment unit 7 that changes the control parameter of the drive control unit 50 so that the result of 6 is always within the preset threshold value of the friction work, and the range of parameters that can be adjusted by the wear of the friction member is reduced. A warning unit 8 is provided in the guide device shown in FIG. 1 to warn of an abnormality of the device when a preset threshold value of friction work is exceeded and maintenance is required.
[0042]
Here, the threshold value of the friction work is a value set in consideration of the life of the friction member, and the range is determined by the material of the friction member, the load, and the like. If the life of the friction member is short, the range is narrow, and if the life is long, the range is wide.
[0043]
When the stage 53 is driven, if the deviation is driven in the same state, the smaller the value of the frictional work amount obtained by the frictional work amount measuring unit 4, the less the slippage of the ultrasonic motor 55 and the more efficient the driving force. 53 and the amount of wear can be minimized.
[0044]
Therefore, when the frictional work amount calculated by the frictional work amount measuring unit 4 exceeds the preset threshold value of the frictional work amount by providing a threshold value of the frictional work amount and checking by the determination unit 6 It can be easily confirmed that there is a possibility of causing abnormal wear of the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 and the driving force transmission member 54 of the stage 53.
[0045]
The threshold value of the friction work in the determination unit 6 is obtained from the relationship between the wear work and the wear work obtained from Equation 4, and the minimum value of the friction work is determined, and the friction work is calculated based on this minimum value. What is necessary is just to determine a threshold value suitably.
[0046]
Further, according to the guide device shown in FIG. 2, the friction work measurement unit 4 calculates the wear state of the friction member 55 a of the ultrasonic motor 55 and the wear force transmission member 54 of the stage 53 together with the determination unit 6. The parameter adjustment unit 7 is provided for changing the control parameters of the drive control unit 50 (P term, I term, and D term in PID control) so that the friction work does not exceed a preset friction work threshold. Therefore, abnormal wear of the ultrasonic motor 55 can be prevented in advance, generation of wear can be suppressed, and stable driving of the stage 53 can be realized over a long period of time.
[0047]
Further, even if the control parameter is adjusted by the parameter adjusting unit 7, the operation of the apparatus is suddenly stopped when the frictional work amount at the determining unit 6 cannot satisfy the threshold value. When the guide device of the invention is introduced, not only the product being manufactured becomes defective, but also the production line is completely stopped, so that there is a risk of suffering a great loss. Therefore, the warning unit 8 is required to notify the personnel who can perform maintenance in advance by various means of the abnormality of the apparatus. As means for warning the abnormality of the apparatus, for example, means for connecting a device for directly notifying the abnormality such as a warning sound or a warning lamp to the determination unit 6, or means for connecting the determination unit 6 and the power supply device of the production line Alternatively, a means for indirectly connecting the determination unit 6 and the user of the guide device of the present invention online is installed, and when the frictional work exceeds a threshold value, these warning units are activated, Be aware of abnormalities as soon as possible so that maintenance can be performed.
[0048]
As described above, the determination unit 6 that determines whether or not the frictional work amount is within the threshold value, and the drive control unit so that the result of the determination unit 6 is within the preset threshold value of the frictional work amount. The parameter adjustment unit 7 that adjusts 50 control parameters and the range of parameters that can be adjusted with the progress of wear of the friction member are narrowed, exceeding a preset threshold value of friction work, and requiring maintenance. Provided is a guide device that can prevent abnormal wear of the ultrasonic motor 55 by providing the warning unit 8 that warns of an abnormality, suppress wear, and realize stable driving of the stage 53 over a long period of time. be able to.
[0049]
Therefore, the guide device of the present invention is preferably used as a guide device used for a precision processing machine tool, a precision measuring device, a drawing exposure device in a semiconductor manufacturing process, and the like that require high positional accuracy of the stage 53 during driving. Can do.
[0050]
Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the vibration type of the ultrasonic motor 55 used in the guide device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and not only a single vibration mode but also a mode conversion type and a multi-mode type. A plurality of vibration modes such as a mode rotation type and a composite vibration type can also be applied.
[0051]
Furthermore, in the guide device of the present invention, the example in which the movable body forming the stage 53 moves linearly has been described. However, the present invention can be applied to a guide device in which the movable body rotates, and various types can be applied without departing from the scope of the present invention. Needless to say, it can be applied to improvements and changes.
[0052]
【Example】
Here, a specific example of the guide device of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 will be described.
[0053]
As the guide member 52 for guiding the stage 53, a cross roller guide having a stroke of 200 mm was used. The stage 53 was formed into a plate-like body of 250 mm × 120 mm × 30 mm, and was formed of aluminum. A weight (not shown) was placed on the stage 53 so that the weight of the conveyed product (the weight with the stage 53) was 100N.
[0054]
The ultrasonic motor 55 for driving the stage 53 includes a friction member 55a made of alumina ceramic on the end face of a piezoelectric drive unit 55e having a width of 8 mm, a length of 30 mm, and a thickness of 3 mm, and one main surface of the piezoelectric drive unit 55e. Forms four electrode films 55g, 55h, 55i, 55j, connects the electrode films 55g, 55h, 55i, 55j located diagonally to each other, and forms one common electrode film on the entire other main surface. In other words, the frictional member 55a is elliptically moved by applying a command voltage whose phase difference is shifted by 90 degrees to the four electrode films 55i and 55j. The contact surface of the friction member 55a was a spherical surface with a radius of curvature of 3 mm, and the surface roughness was 0.05 μm in terms of centerline average roughness (Ra).
[0055]
Furthermore, a linear scale S33C made by Mitutoyo is used as the linear scale 56a constituting the position detecting means 56 of the stage 53. The linear scale 56a is installed on one side surface of the stage 53, and at a position facing the linear scale 56a. The position detecting means 56 is configured by installing a driving force transmitting member 54 made of alumina ceramic on the other side surface of the stage 53.
[0056]
In addition, the drive control unit 50 and the monitoring unit 1 are connected to each other, and a laser Doppler vibrometer is used as the non-contact type measuring means 5, and the laser Doppler vibrometer is installed perpendicular to the friction member 55 a of the ultrasonic motor 55. Then, based on the position information (displacement, speed, acceleration) when the ultrasonic motor 55 is driven and the position information (displacement, speed, acceleration) from the position detection means 56, the slip amount measuring unit 2 of the monitoring unit 1 is used. The slip amount (Ls) is calculated by Equation 1 in FIG.
(Formula 1)
Ls = (A−B) × Tc
Where Ls: slip amount of friction member of ultrasonic motor
A: Vibration speed of friction member of ultrasonic motor obtained from non-contact type measuring means
B: Stage moving speed obtained from position detecting means
Tc: contact time of friction member of ultrasonic motor
However, the average value between servo loops was used for the vibration velocity (A) used for calculating the slip amount (Ls). Further, the contact time (Tc) is based on the waveform of the vibration speed (A), and the portion where the vibration speed of the friction member 55a is slow is defined as the contact time, and an average value between the servo loops is used.
[0057]
In addition, the tangential force measurement unit 3 of the monitoring unit 1 calculates acceleration based on position information during driving between the servo loops, and the tangential force (F) is calculated using Equation 2.
(Formula 2)
F = G × W
F: Acts on the drive surface of the drive force transmission member by friction drive with the ultrasonic motor.
Tangent force
G: Acceleration calculated from position information obtained from position detection means
W: Weight of transported object driven by ultrasonic motor
Then, PID control is used for driving control of the ultrasonic motor 55, and as a moving profile of the stage 53, trapezoidal control with a moving distance of the stage 53 of 200 mm, an acceleration of 0.1 G, a maximum speed of 50 mm / s, and a moving distance of the stage 53 of 200 mm. Two types of trapezoidal control with an acceleration of 0.1 G and a maximum speed of 100 mm / s were prepared and set in advance in the drive control unit 50, and then PID control was performed so that the positional deviation was within 1 μm based on the movement profile.
[0058]
Then, the ultrasonic motor 55 is driven at a frequency of 40 KHz, the preload and speed at that time are taken to the level, and the slip amount (Ls) and the wear rate of the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 after the stage 53 is driven 100 km. An experiment was conducted to measure.
[0059]
However, the servo loop was 0.3 ms, and the slip amount (Ls) was the average value of the drive command signal between the servo loops. The wear rate was a value obtained by dividing the wear volume of the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 after driving and the driving force transmitting member 54 of the stage 53 by the driving distance. The same experiment was performed when the D term was increased among the control parameters (P term, I term, D term).
[0060]
The results are as shown in FIG. However, the variation in the slip amount (Ls) within the constant speed drive is due to the variation in the set value of the D term.
[0061]
As a result, as can be seen from FIG. 3, when the speed is increased, the slip amount (Ls) increases, and the wear amount increases in proportion to the increase of the slip amount (Ls).
[0062]
That is, the slip amount (Ls) varies greatly depending on the driving speed and PID setting even under the condition where the positional deviation falls within 1 μm, and wear increases particularly when the PID setting is high. That is, it is considered that the stage 53 becomes unstable and the slippage of the ultrasonic motor 55 occurs because an excessive PID is given even though a low PID is a sufficient value by raising the D term.
[0063]
It can also be seen that when the preload is changed, the wear amount is different even if the slip amount (Ls) is the same. Looking at the difference in tangential force corresponding to the change in preload, the tangential force increased with the increase in preload, and although the driving force was sufficient, it was driven with extra preload, so the contact surface pressure was high. The wear has progressed.
[0064]
As a result, it can be seen that driving the slip amount (Ls) and the tangential force (F) small leads to wear reduction.
[0065]
The monitoring unit 1 monitors both the slip amount (Ls) and the tangential force (F) acting on the driving surface 54a of the driving force transmission member 54 by frictional driving with the ultrasonic motor 55, thereby the degree of wear. Can be accurately determined.
[0066]
In this way, the non-contact type measuring means 5 for measuring the position information of the friction member 55 a during driving of the ultrasonic motor 55 is provided, and the position information from the non-contact type measuring means 5 and the position information from the position detecting means 56 are provided. Is provided, and the slip amount (Ls) of the ultrasonic motor 55 can be grasped, and the weight of the conveyed product and the position from the position detecting means 56 can be obtained. By providing the monitoring unit 1 with a tangential force measuring unit 3 that calculates a tangential force acting on the driving surface 54a of the driving force transmitting member 54 based on the acceleration obtained from the information, the ultrasonic motor 55 during the driving of the stage 53 is provided. The wear state of the friction member 55a and the driving surface 54a of the driving force transmission member 54 can be grasped.
[0067]
FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the friction work and the wear amount obtained by the product of the slip amount (Ls) and the tangential force (F) in FIG. Is proportional.
[0068]
Accordingly, it is understood that the amount of wear can be predicted by monitoring the friction work amount in the monitoring unit 1 by the friction work amount measurement unit 4, and the life of the guide device can be determined.
(Example 2)
Next, a guide device shown in FIG. 2 in which the determination unit 6 and the parameter adjustment unit 7 are provided in the guide device of the first embodiment and a guide device without the determination unit 6 and the parameter adjustment unit 7 are prepared. An experiment for examining the slippage amount (Ls), the friction work amount, and the wear amount monitored by the monitoring unit 1 when the stage 53 is driven by 1000 km as a movement profile similar to that of the first embodiment except that the speed is set to 100 mm / s. Went.
[0069]
The results are as shown in Table 1.
[0070]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004127633
[0071]
As a result, in the guide device of FIG. 1 that does not have the determination unit 6 and the parameter adjustment unit 7, the slip amount (Ls) of the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 becomes 120 nm when the driving distance of the stage 53 reaches 500 km. The friction work is increased by 3.3 × 10-FourIncreased to Nm.
[0072]
On the other hand, in the guide device of FIG. 2 having the determination unit 6 and the parameter adjustment unit 7, even if the stage 53 is driven by 1000 km, the slip amount (Ls) of the friction member 55a of the ultrasonic motor 55 is 50 nm, and the friction work amount is 1.4 × 10-FourIt was stable at Nm, and the wear amount after driving was measured. As a result, it was found that the wear amount of the guide device in FIG.
[0073]
As a result, if the monitoring unit 1, the determination unit 6, and the parameter adjustment unit 7 are provided to configure the guide device shown in FIG. 2, wear of the friction member 55 a of the ultrasonic motor 55 and the driving force transmission member 54 of the stage 53 is suppressed. The life of the guide device can be greatly improved. I understand that.
[0074]
Also, the friction work, which is the product of the slip amount (Ls) and the tangential force (F), is constantly measured, the friction work is measured every 10 km, the wear constant is multiplied, and the wear amount is driven by 1000 km. When the total amount of wear during the period was calculated as a predicted value of the wear amount and compared with the actual wear amount, the variation between the predicted value and the actually measured value was almost equal to less than 5%.
[0075]
Further, when the determination unit 6 exceeds the threshold value of the friction work, the warning sound is generated in the above-described guide device, the production line is automatically stopped, and the guide device user needs to be maintained online. When the warning unit 8 is installed and introduced into a production line that operates in parallel with various production devices, the production line is automatically stopped even if an abnormality occurs in the guide device, so that the maintenance time of the device can be known. Therefore, problems such as product defects and production line stoppages did not occur.
[0076]
【The invention's effect】
  As described above, according to the invention of claim 1,,SuperThe wear state of the friction member of the sonic motor and the driving surface on the movable body side can be accurately grasped, the reliability of the guide device can be improved, and it is not necessary to stop the guide device due to unnecessary maintenance. Efficiency can be improved.
[0077]
According to the invention of claim 2, the frictional work amount for calculating the product of the slip amount calculated by the slip amount measuring unit and the tangential force calculated by the tangential force measuring unit to the monitoring unit. Since the measurement unit is provided, it is possible to quantitatively grasp the wear of the friction member of the ultrasonic motor and the driving surface on the movable body side.
[0079]
And claims3According to the invention according toFriction work obtained from the friction work measurement unit is provided by determining whether or not the friction work obtained from the friction work measurement unit is within a preset friction work threshold. When the amount exceeds the threshold value, it can be understood that abnormal wear may occur on the friction member of the ultrasonic motor or the driving surface on the movable body side. Based on the result determined by the determination unit, a parameter adjustment unit is provided for changing each control parameter of the drive control unit so that the friction work obtained from the friction work measurement unit falls within the threshold value. FromAbnormal wear of the friction member of the ultrasonic motor and the drive surface on the movable body side can be prevented in advance, and stable drive of the movable body can be realized over a long period of time by suppressing wear.
[0080]
  Also,Claim4According to the invention, since the position information such as the displacement, speed, acceleration and the like of the friction member during driving of the ultrasonic motor is measured by the non-contact type measuring means, the position information of the friction member is accurately grasped. can do.
[0081]
  Claim5According to the invention relating to the above, in the slip amount measuring unit, the slip amount is calculated by Equation 1 based on the position information such as the displacement, speed, acceleration and the like of the friction member during driving of the ultrasonic motor and the position information from the position detecting means. Since the calculation is performed, the slip amount of the friction member of the ultrasonic motor can be accurately calculated.
(Formula 1)
Ls = (A−B) × Tc
Where Ls: slip amount of friction member of ultrasonic motor
A: Vibration speed of friction member of ultrasonic motor obtained from non-contact type measuring means
B: Stage moving speed obtained from position detecting means
Tc: contact time of friction member of ultrasonic motor
  Claim6According to the invention, when the drive control unit is driven using the control parameter changed by the parameter adjustment unit, an abnormality occurs in the apparatus when the friction work exceeds the preset threshold value. Since it has a warning section for notifying that it has been performed, it is possible to immediately detect an abnormality of the apparatus and to perform maintenance.
[0082]
Therefore, the guide device of the present invention can be suitably used for precision processing machine tools, precision measuring devices, drawing exposure devices in semiconductor manufacturing processes and the like that require high positional accuracy of the movable body during driving.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a guide device of the present invention using an ultrasonic motor as a drive source for a movable body.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an application example of the guide device of the present invention using an ultrasonic motor as a driving source for a movable body.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of slip and the wear rate when the stage is driven using the guide device of the present invention shown in FIG. 1;
4 is a diagram showing the relationship between friction work and wear rate when a stage is driven using the guide device of the present invention shown in FIG. 1; FIG.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a conventional guide device using an ultrasonic motor as a driving source for a movable body.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing another example of a conventional guide device using an ultrasonic motor as a driving source of a movable body.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a guide device using the ultrasonic motor previously proposed by the applicant of the present invention as a drive source of the movable body.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Monitoring unit
2: Slip amount measurement unit
3: Tangent force measurement unit
4: Friction work measurement unit
5, 62: Non-contact type measuring means
6: Determination unit
7: Parameter adjustment section
8: Warning section
50: Drive control unit
51: Base platform
52: Guide member
53: Stage
54: Driving force transmission member
54a: Driving surface
55: Ultrasonic motor
55a: Friction member
55b: Elastic body
55c: Spring
55d: Case
55e: Piezoelectric drive unit
55f: Piezoelectric ceramic plate
55g-55j: Electrode film
56: Position detection means
56a: Linear scale
56b: detection head
61: Preload adjustment unit
63: Slip amount measuring unit
71: Monitoring unit
72: Determination unit
73: Parameter adjustment unit

Claims (6)

摩擦部材を有する超音波モータと、該超音波モータの摩擦部材との摩擦駆動により可動する可動体と、該可動体の位置を測定する位置検出手段と、該位置検出手段からの位置情報と予め設定した移動プロファイルに基づく基準位置情報との偏差を基に演算し、上記超音波モータを駆動させる駆動用指令信号を出力する駆動制御部と、上記超音波モータの摩擦部材の滑り量を算出する滑り量計測部及び上記超音波モータとの摩擦駆動により可動体側の駆動面に作用する接線力を算出する接線力計測部を具備し、上記滑り量計測部で算出された滑り量及び上記接線力計測部で算出された接線力の双方をモニタリングするための監視部とを有することを特徴とする超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする案内装置。An ultrasonic motor having a friction member; a movable body that is movable by friction drive with the friction member of the ultrasonic motor; position detection means that measures the position of the movable body; position information from the position detection means; Based on the deviation from the reference position information based on the set movement profile, the drive control unit that outputs a drive command signal for driving the ultrasonic motor, and the slip amount of the friction member of the ultrasonic motor are calculated. A tangential force measurement unit that calculates a tangential force that acts on the driving surface on the movable body side by friction drive with the slip amount measurement unit and the ultrasonic motor is provided, and the slip amount calculated by the slip amount measurement unit and the tangential force And a monitoring unit for monitoring both of the tangential forces calculated by the measurement unit . 摩擦部材を有する超音波モータと、該超音波モータの摩擦部材との摩擦駆動により可動する可動体と、該可動体の位置を測定する位置検出手段と、該位置検出手段からの位置情報と予め設定した移動プロファイルに基づく基準位置情報との偏差を基に演算し、上記超音波モータを駆動させる駆動用指令信号を出力する駆動制御部と、上記超音波モータの摩擦部材の滑り量を算出する滑り量計測部、上記超音波モータとの摩擦駆動により可動体側の駆動面に作用する接線力を算出する接線力計測部、及び、上記滑り量計測部で算出された滑り量と、上記接線力計測部で算出された接線力との積を算出する摩擦仕事量計測部を具備し、上記積の値をモニタリングするための監視部とを有することを特徴とする超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする案内装置。 An ultrasonic motor having a friction member; a movable body that is movable by friction drive with the friction member of the ultrasonic motor; position detection means that measures the position of the movable body; position information from the position detection means; Based on the deviation from the reference position information based on the set movement profile, the drive control unit that outputs a drive command signal for driving the ultrasonic motor, and the slip amount of the friction member of the ultrasonic motor are calculated. A slip amount measuring unit; a tangential force measuring unit that calculates a tangential force acting on a movable body-side driving surface by friction driving with the ultrasonic motor; and a slip amount calculated by the slip amount measuring unit and the tangential force Driving the movable body with an ultrasonic motor comprising a frictional work measuring unit for calculating a product of the tangential force calculated by the measuring unit and a monitoring unit for monitoring the value of the product Source Internal equipment. 上記摩擦仕事量計測部で算出された上記積の値である摩擦仕事量が、予め設定した摩擦仕事量のしきい値内にあるか否かを判定する判定部を有し、上記判定部にて判定した結果に基づき、上記摩擦仕事量計測部より得られる摩擦仕事量がそのしきい値内となるように、駆動制御部の制御パラメータをそれぞれ変更するパラメータ調整部を有することを特徴とする請求項に記載の超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする案内装置。 A determination unit that determines whether or not the frictional work amount, which is the value of the product calculated by the frictional work amount measurement unit, is within a preset threshold value of the frictional work amount; And a parameter adjustment unit that changes each of the control parameters of the drive control unit so that the friction work obtained from the friction work measurement unit falls within the threshold value based on the determination result. A guide device using the ultrasonic motor according to claim 2 as a drive source of the movable body. 上記超音波モータの駆動中における摩擦部材の変位、速度、加速度等の位置情報は非接触型測定手段によって測定することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項のいずれかに記載の超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする案内装置。The ultrasonic motor according to any one of claims 1 to 3 the displacement of the friction member during driving of the ultrasonic motor, speed, position information such as acceleration and measuring by non-contact measuring means Is a guide device using a movable body as a drive source. 上記滑り量計測部は、上記超音波モータの駆動中における摩擦部材の変位、速度、加速度等の位置情報と、上記位置検出手段からの位置情報を基に以下の数式1により算出することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項のいずれかに記載の超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする案内装置。
(数式1)
Ls=(A−B)×Tc
但し、Ls:超音波モータの摩擦部材の滑り量
A:非接触型測定手段から得られる超音波モータの摩擦部材の振動速度
B:位置検出手段から得られるステージの移動速度
Tc:超音波モータの摩擦部材の接触時間
The slip amount measuring unit calculates by the following formula 1 based on position information such as displacement, speed, acceleration and the like of the friction member during driving of the ultrasonic motor and position information from the position detecting means. guide device for a driving source of the movable body ultrasonic motor according to any one of claims 1 to 4,.
(Formula 1)
Ls = (A−B) × Tc
Where Ls: slip amount of friction member of ultrasonic motor A: vibration speed of friction member of ultrasonic motor obtained from non-contact type measuring means B: stage moving speed Tc obtained from position detecting means Tc: of ultrasonic motor Friction member contact time
上記パラメータ調整部で変更された制御パラメータを用いて駆動制御部が駆動した場合、摩擦仕事量が前記予め設定したしきい値を超えた場合に装置内に異常が発生したことを告知する警告部を有することを特徴とする請求項に記載の超音波モータを可動体の駆動源とする案内装置。When the drive control unit is driven using the control parameter changed by the parameter adjustment unit, a warning unit that notifies that an abnormality has occurred in the apparatus when the frictional work amount exceeds the preset threshold value A guide device using the ultrasonic motor according to claim 3 as a drive source of the movable body.
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