JP4133108B2 - Method for producing granular dechlorinating agent, and granular dechlorinating agent prepared by the method - Google Patents
Method for producing granular dechlorinating agent, and granular dechlorinating agent prepared by the method Download PDFInfo
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- JP4133108B2 JP4133108B2 JP2002238513A JP2002238513A JP4133108B2 JP 4133108 B2 JP4133108 B2 JP 4133108B2 JP 2002238513 A JP2002238513 A JP 2002238513A JP 2002238513 A JP2002238513 A JP 2002238513A JP 4133108 B2 JP4133108 B2 JP 4133108B2
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- granular
- ascorbic acid
- dechlorinating agent
- granulated
- temperature
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- 230000000382 dechlorinating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 44
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
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- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DKAGJZJALZXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrate;hydrochloride Chemical compound O.Cl DKAGJZJALZXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Glanulating (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の目的】
この発明は、水道水等の水中に混入している遊離塩素を除去または分解する技術に関するものであり、特に遊離塩素を瞬時に捕集してしまい、飲用は勿論のこと、浴用等の目的にも適した水を長期間に波って衛生的に供給できるようにするため、長時間に及ぶ連続使用が可能となるようにした新規な構造からなる固体粒子状の脱塩素剤、およびその新規な製造方法を提供しようとするものである.
【0002】
【従来の技術】
生活環境に悪影響を及ぼすこととなる水質汚濁の問題は、産業が発達し、都市化が進むにつれて深刻さを増してきたことから、我が国でも1970年に定められた「水質汚濁に係る環境基準」に則り、翌年1971年には「水質汚濁防止法」が施行され、人の健康を保護し、生活環境を保全するために、維持することが望ましい基準を定め、これに違反した工業用水等は厳しく罰せられるようにして河川や湖沼の水質改善を図ってきた結果、最近では都市部を流れる河川にも、かつて程までとはいわないまでも、各種水棲動植物の生息が進み、着実に自然を回復しつつあることが実感できる段階にまで達してきているといえる。
【0003】
我が国の上水道は、河川や湖河を水源としてきていることから、こうした水質保全の努力は、日常欠くことができない飲料水を安全に供給するための浄水処理の面にも好ましいことであり、ひと頃のような藻臭や汚染物質によって汚濁しきった水を何重もの厳重な浄化手段によって経費を掛け、過剰なまでの浄化をしなくとも、衛生的に安全であって見た目にもきれいな上に、飲んで美味しい味の水道水を供給可能にしていくことに繋がっていくであろうと期待は膨らむものの、しかしながら、水道水である以上は、仮令それが水質の良い地下水や湧水の場合であったとしても病原生菌処理基準を達成するために塩素消毒を欠かせないのと同様に、今後ともさらなる水源の浄化が堆し進められていったとしても、最低限の浄化手段として塩素消毒が施されているくことに相違はなく、そのままの水道水中に、少なくとも遊離塩素だけは否定することができない物質として溶融し続けるものと覚悟しなければならない。
【0004】
この水道水中に含有する遊離塩素の量は、できるだけ低く抑えられているとはいっても、殺菌に最低限度必要とされる0.1〜0.5PPM、一般的には0.2PPM程度が必ず溶融しているものと考えなければならず、こうした遊離塩素が混入ている水道水を摂取し続けると、体内酵素(食事の分解、消化、吸収の時に働く酵素)の働きを阻害して免疫力をさせてしまい、僅かな細菌に対しても抵抗力をなくし、最近の事例のようなO−157問題を発生する等、遊離塩素による無菌の水に慣れつづけてきた弊害を生じさせてしまうことに繋がったり、皮膚組織(細胞)を酸化して破壊、もしくは細胞の老化に繋がる結果、水道水で洗顔したり入浴することによって肌荒れや髪の毛(タンパク質)を破壊し、脱色してしまうといった髪の毛の損傷を惹起したり、最近の子供達の間にアトビー性皮膚炎に罷病する者が増えるといった現象を引き起こしている外、緑黄色野菜を水道で洗ったり、米を水道水で研くと、ビタミン類が40%以上破壊される上に、水道水で煮炊きをすると、さらにその破壊が進んでしまうといった報告もなされる等、水道水の浄化に欠かせない塩素も、実は身体にとって相応しくない物質であるということが知られるようになってきている。
【0005】
こうした情報に敏感な消費者の期待に応えるべく、かなり以前から水道水中の遊離塩素を分離、除去することを目的とした様々な器具類、即ち浄水器が市場に出回るようになり、最近では、その選択に消費者が戸惑う程の様相を呈するまでに種類も豊富になってきているが、それら浄水器における塩素の除去手段は、何かに塩素を吸着するという原理で除去するようにしたものが一般的であって、その経済性、取扱い性から最も広く採用されてきているのが、所謂活性炭を使用する手段によるものであることは最早周知の事実となっている。
【0006】
この活性炭の吸着力を脱塩素剤とするようにした浄水器としては、それをカートリッジ式のフィルターとして内部に装填しただけの簡易な蛇口取付型浄水器をはじめ、活性炭だけでは浄化不十分と判断してオゾン処理等と組み合わせた高度浄水処理手投を取り入れたもの、あるいは粒状活性炭層に微生物を繁殖させ、その微生物で生分解性有機物を除去するようにしたタイプのもの等が見受けられるものの、物理吸着に基づく活性炭には自ずと吸着容量に限界がある上に、その吸着速度も遅い等といった実用的な連続使用の面で制約があり、しかも、活性炭は、その吸着機能に支障を来すことなく粒状化して取扱い性を改善することが難しいために、適量だけを単品として浄化に使用することができないといった不都合を有している等の理由から、その使用範囲に制限を受けてきているのが実情である.
【0007】
これに対して、脱塩素剤として広く知られ、使用されてきているものの他の一つにアスコルビン酸がある。このアスコルビン酸は、化学的な選元作用によって遊離塩素を塩化物イオンに分解してしまい、塩素による有害性を無くすようにしたものであり、例えば、発明特開平8−192173号「浴槽用脱塩素剤」発明をはじめとし、特開平9−38656号「風呂水浄化剤」発明、特開2001−79568号「脱塩素剤」発明、特開2001−145888号「脱塩素剤および脱塩素方法」発明、特開2002−47170号「浴用剤」発明等、多くの提案がなされていて、一部実用に供されてはいるものの、これらは、アスコルビン酸が水中での安定性を欠いていて長期間に渡る使用に難点があったことから、それら安定性を改善しようとしてピロリドンカルポン酸および/またはその塩や、クエン酸粉末、脂肪酸等の溶解調整剤、蛋白質分解酵素といった各種安定剤と混合、成形物とするものであったり、水溶性樹脂含有物質で包囲するもの、あるいはまたアスコルビン酸の五員環骨格への置換基の導入によって不溶化したりするものであったが、何れも使用者の利便性の点において必ずしも満足のいくものとすることができないものであった。
【0008】
この発明は、脱塩素剤としてのアスコルビン酸に着目し、それが未だ上記のレベルに止まっていて、十分に日常生活上での利便性に応えるところのものにまでは達していないという認識から、逸早く開発、研究に着手し、永年に波って様々に試行錯誤を重ね、幾多の試作実験を繰り返してきたところ、遂に茲に来て塩素消毒済みとなって供給されてくる水道水から遊離塩素を瞬時に除去、分離してしまい、飲用としては勿論のこと、入浴用や洗顔・シャンプー用等に適した水に改質することができると共に、その作用が極めて長期間に渡って持続可能になると共に、そのための取扱いにおいても、従前までのものでは実現し得なかった簡便性と経済性とを具備してなる極めて新規な構造からなる粒状脱塩素剤と、そのための新規な製造方法とを実現化することに成功したものであり、以下では、その横成について詳細な説明を加えていくことにする。
【0009】
【発明の構成】
この発明の粒状脱塩素剤は、基本的に次のとおりの構成を要旨とするものである.
即ち、ゼオライト粉末等の鉱物質素材を核粒子としてアスコルビン酸主体の造粒物となし、それら造粒物を低温焼結することによって多孔質で硬質化して得られるものとした構成からなる粒状脱塩素剤である。
【0010】
この基本的な構成のものをより具体的なものとして示せば、ゼオライト粉末等の鉱物質素材を核粒子として無機リン酸塩バインダによるアスコルビン酸主体の造粒物となし、それら造粒物を低温焼結することによって多孔質で硬質化して得られるものとした粒状脱塩素剤ということができ、そして、さらに具体的には、ゼオライト粉末等の鉱物質素材を核粒子として無機リン酸塩バインダによるアスコルビン酸主体の造粒物となし、それら造粒物を低温焼結し、その熱分解過経で発生する気体の発泡作用によって多孔質で硬質化して得られるものとした構成によって示すことができる栓状脱塩素剤となる。
【0011】
この発明の粒状脱塩素剤は、アスコルビン酸を主材とし、従来から知られたアスコルビン酸の脱塩素機能が持続的且つ安定して得られるようにするため、活性炭頼似の横造によって水中におけるアスコルビン酸の接触面積が飛躍的に増大化されてなるようにすると共に、本来水に接触して簡単に崩壊、溶出してしまうアスコルビン酸の性状を改質し、かなりの硬度を有する焼成物化してなる脱塩素剤を得るようにするものであり、それ自体では粒状化が難しいアスコルビン酸に対し、その核粒子として約5ないし20重量%、望ましくは10重量%前後のゼオライト粉末等の鉱物質素材を採用してアスコルビン酸主体の造粒物を得た上、150ないし200℃範囲、望ましくは略170℃程度に加熱する低温焼結処理を施すことにより、その過程でアスコルビン酸から発する気体の発泡作用によって自らを多孔質構造のものにすると共に、かなりの固さのものに硬質化されてなる粒状物化した塩素剤とするものである。
【0012】
核粒子としての鉱物からなる素材は、厚生省食品添加物既存物物質120号に指定されている食品添加物製造用剤品リスト表に列挙されているもの、例えば珪藻土やカオリン、タルク、花崗斑石、活性白土、ベントナイト、クリストバル石、グリーンタフ、酸性白土、セピオライト、トルマリンからなる素材であり、経済性や成形性等の点からゼオライトが最も望ましいものとすることができ、それらを径2ないし5mm程度のものとしてそのまま採用するようにするか、例えば、後述の実施例において取り上げているように、300メッシュアンダーのゼオライト粉末等の鉱物からなる素材を調製して得られる径2ないし5mm程度のものに造粒して採用するようにしたものとすることができる。
【0013】
アスコルビン酸には、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸の塩、アスコルビン酸誘導体から選ばれる1種または2種以上の組合せによるものが包含され、通常白色か淡黄色を帯びた結晶体または粉末体であって水に接触して容易に崩壊してしまう性状を有しているため、水噴霧法だけによっても核粒子を中心として所定の粒径まで造粒できなくはないが、相互の密着性が弱い上、低温焼結処理の最中に脱水、崩壊してしまって安定した粒状を保持できないものになってしまうことから、バインダとして無機リン酸塩、例えばリン酸二水素アルミニウムやリン酸三水素カルシウム、リン酸二水素カリウム等が単独または適宜組み合わされてその適量、例えば核粒子およびアスコルビン酸に対する配合率で5%程度以上、望ましくは50%以下となるような割合で混入したものとして造粒すべきである。
【0014】
アスコルビン酸を熱分解してガスを発生するには、その加熱温度を120℃以上とする必要があり、また、無機リン酸塩をバインダとした造粒物を、手で摘んでも決して崩れてしまうことのない程度の十分な硬度のものに焼成するためには、最低でも150℃程度の温度を必要とし、それら双方の条件を満たすための加熱処理温度としては、150ないし200℃鞄囲、望ましくは略170℃程度に加熱する低温焼結処理とするようにしなければならない。
【0015】
【関連する発明】
以上のとおりの構成からなるこの発明の基本をなす粒状脱塩素剤に関連し、この発明には、次のとおりの構成からなる粒状脱塩素剤の製造方法が包含されている.
即ち、主体となるアスコルビン酸と無機リン酸塩バインダとの混合物に適量のゼオライト粉末等の鉱物質素材を混入し、適宜手段によって所定の粒径まで造粒することにより、ゼオライト粉末等の鉱物質素材を核粒子とする無数の粒状物を造出して造粒物とするようにした工程、それら造粒物を所定時間に渡って所定温度による加熱処理をするようにした工程、その過程でアスコルビン酸を熱分解して気体を発生させ、その発泡作用で多孔質化すると共に、低温焼結による粒子の硬質化を図るようにした工程からなる粒状脱塩素剤の製造方法である。
【0016】
この製造方法を、より具体的な表現によるものとして示せば、主体となるアスコルビン酸と無機リン酸塩バインダとの混合物に適量のゼオライト粉末等の鉱物質素材を混入し、回転ドラム上での水噴霧法によって所定の粒径まで造粒することにより、ゼオライト粉末等の鉱物質素材を核粒子とする無数の粒状物を造出して造粒物とするようにした工程、それら造粒物を所定時間に渡って所定温度による加熱処理するようにした工程、その過程でアスコルビン酸を熱分解して気体を発生させ、その発泡作用で多孔質化すると共に、低温焼結による粒子の硬質化を図るようにした工程、それら一連の工程からなるものとした構成からなる粒状脱塩素剤の製造方法となる。
【0017】
そして、この発明の粒状脱塩素剤の製造方法には、主体となるアスコルビン酸と無機リン酸塩バインダとの混合物に適量のゼオライト粉末等の鉱物質素材を混入し、回転ドラム上での水噴霧法によって所定の粒径まで造粒することにより、ゼオライト粉末等の鉱物質素材を核粒子とする無数の粒状物を造出して造粒物とするようにした工程、それら造粒物を一旦乾燥させて乾燥造粒物とする工程、その後、それら乾燥造粒物を所定時間に渡って所定温度による加熱処理するようにした工程、その過程でアスコルビン酸を熱分解して気体を発生させ、その発泡作用で多孔質化すると共に、低温焼結による粒子の硬質化を図るようにした工程、それら一連の工程からなるものとした構成からなる粒状脱塩素剤の製造方法が包含されている。
【0018】
アスコルビン酸を主体とする粒状物の造粒工程における造粒手段は、特に限定されている訳ではなく、従前から知られる打錠・ブリケッティング・押し出し成形・混練・注入成形等各種手段によるものとすることができるが、造粒物の製造のし易さ,得られるた造粒物の形等を考慮すると、後述する実施例で採用している回転ドラム上での水噴霧法による製造手段が最も適しているということができ、主体となるアスコルビン酸に対し、核粒子として約5ないし20重量%、望ましくは10重量%前後のゼオライト粉末等の鉱物質素材を混入した上、それらのバインダとして略5重量%以上、望ましくは50重量%以下のリン酸二水素アルミニウム等無機リン酸塩を添加し、径2ないし5mm程度の造粒物となるようにする。
【0019】
なお、核粒子とする鉱物からなる素材は、事前に径1ないし10mm程度に球形造粒して500ないし950℃の温度で焼成処理した上、粉砕、調製して径2ミリ程度の微粒子とし、この発明の多孔質の脱塩素材とするに必要な硬度のものを得るようにするためには、脱塩素剤の原料となるアスコルビン酸に対し、40ないし90重量%の混入割合の中から、期待する脱塩素効果と経済性との兼ね合いによって決定される最適な割合が選択、採用されるようにすればよい。
以下では、この発明の構成がより一層明確なものとなるよう、代表的な実施例について説明を加えていくことにする。
【0020】
【実施例1】
脱塩素剤の原料としてアスコルビン酸40重量%を用いる。核粒子として、ゼオライト粉末(300メッシュ以下)を径7ないし10mm程度に造粒し、700ないし800℃程度の温度で焼成し、粉砕、調製して直径2ミリ程度の微粒子60重量%を加えた上、それらのバインダとしてりん酸二水素アルミニウム略50重量%を混合してなる粉末を回転ドラム上での水噴霧法によって径約4ないし5mm程度の粒径まで造粒した後、100ないし120℃の温度で一旦乾燥した造粒物としてしまう。
【0021】
それら乾燥させた造粒物を、170ないし180℃程度の温度帯で、アスコルビン酸の熱分解によるガスの発生が納まるまで加熱処理し、多孔質の脱塩素剤粒状物に必要な硬度としたこの発明の脱塩素剤を得ることができる。なお、この硬度を得るために、バインダの配合率は50%以下で十分達成可能であることが確認されたが、造粒に支障がない範囲でこのバインダの配合率を50%以上に設定することができることは言うまでもないことである。
【0022】
【発明の作用】
以上のとおりの構成からなるこの発明の粒状脱塩素剤を、水道法で定められた飲用水としての適合性試験に応用するため、塩素水溶液(1PPm)の処理水量と塩素除去に必要な時間の関係につき、財団法人山形大学産業研究所において実験を試みた。その詳細は、次のとおりである。
【0023】
実験1
遊離塩素の除去能力は、バッチ法によって検討し、市販の活性炭と吸着分解速度を比較した。200mlの水道水(含有塩素1PPm)に、この発明の粒状脱塩素剤0.3gを加えた後、トリジン試薬による残留塩素の呈色を測定した。
その結果、アスコルビン酸を原料として調製したこの発明の粒状脱塩素剤は水および希塩酸に不溶であるが、希薄な水酸化ナトリウム溶液に溶解性を示し、溶液は赤褐色を呈した。この現象は、純粋なアスコルビン酸溶液を空気中で放置した場合に観察される呈色状態と同一であり、最適な温度条件下で調整にする限り、脱塩素剤としてのアスコルビン酸に特有な五員骨格が残存していることを示している。
【0024】
実験2
上記実験1と同様に、200m・の水道水(含有塩素1PPm)に、この発明の粒状脱塩素剤0.3gを加えて遊離塩素を除去した。
その除去の程度は、表1に示してある財団法人山形県理化学分析センターによる水質検査結果書で明らかである。
【0025】
【表1】
【0026】
引き続き、その浄化された溶液を、新たに200mlの水道水(含有塩素1PPm)で置換し、脱塩素の繰り返し試験(積算処理量:18l)を行った。
その一連の結果は、図1に示すとおりのものであり、そのグラフからも明確に把握されるように、この発明の粒状脱塩素剤は、新規な状態のものでは、遊離塩素を5秒以内に吸着、分解し、その後、30回の繰り返し試験後においても遊離塩素の完全な除去に必要な時間は1分程度であり、塩素に対する捕集の速度および処理容量は極めて大きな値を示した。
【0027】
これに対し、市販の活性炭は吸着速度が極めて遅く、最初の処理においても脱色に15分を要した。2回目の処理では塩素の除去に10時間を要した。以上の比較からして、この発明の製造方法によって得られる粒状脱塩素剤の有効性は十分確認された。なお、この発明の粒状脱塩素剤は、水中に15日以上放置したままにしても全く崩壊することはなく、十分な硬度を維持し続けることも併せて確認することができた。
また、原料のアスコルビン酸およびりん酸塩バインダに少量の銀塩あるいはキトサンおよびカルシウム塩を混合したものとして、同様にこの発明の粒状脱塩素剤としたものでは抗菌性が付加されることも判明し、食品等の分野への応用も可能になることが確認された。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上のとおりの構成からなるこの発明の製造方法は、遊離塩素に対するアスコルビン酸の還元力は古くから知られているものの、固体の熱分解は容易に進行し、初期の段階で顕著な発泡を伴いながら五員環骨格を残存した酸化中間体を経由して反応が進行し、150〜200℃の熱分解温度で生成する黒色の活性炭様の粒子は脱塩素剤として特異的な性質を示すことを見出した上、りん酸塩バインダを存在させない場合には、造粒した粒子が顕著な発泡作用によって破壊してしまうだけではなく、脱塩素の能力も著しく低下してしまうのに対し、バインダとしてりん酸塩を添加したものとして150〜200℃で加熱処理し、保形したまま第一段の脱水を進行させて十分な硬度を付与しながら、アスコルビン酸の熱分解に伴う二酸化炭素の放出速度を制御し、不活性雰囲気下での活性炭様中間体の生成および超多孔質化を可能にしたものであり、こうして得られたこの発明の粒状脱塩素剤は、水道水中の遊離塩素を瞬時に吸着し、新規なものの場合、完全な除去に要する接触時間は、高々5秒以内で十分であって、その後、繰り返し使用する場合であっても、その保形性に何等の支障も来すことなく、遊離塩素の完全な除去に必要とする時間も精々1分程度で済むという極めて秀れた効果を発揮するものとなる。
【0029】
叙述の如く、この発明の粒状脱塩素剤、およびその製造方法は、その新規な構成により、脱塩素剤として知られていながら、未だに十分日常生活上での利便性に応え得るものにまで達していないアスコルビン酸を主成分とする新規な脱塩素剤の実現化を果たし、飲用としては勿論のこと、入浴用や洗顔・シャンプー用等に適した水に改質することができると共に、その作用が極めて長期間に渡って持続可能にし、しかも製造も比較的容易であって安価に提供可能にするという所期の目的を普く達成可能にするものであり、水道水の浄化に欠かせない塩素の人体に及ぼす悪影響を簡便且つ経済的に払拭する技術として高い評価がなされ、広く採用、普及していくものになると予想される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
図面は、この発明の粒状脱塩素剤の有用性を確認するために実施した実験結果の一つを示したものである。
【図1】この発明の粒状脱塩素剤による塩素水溶液(含有塩素1PPm)の処理水量と遊離塩素の除去に必要な時間との関係を示すグラフである。[0001]
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique for removing or decomposing free chlorine mixed in water such as tap water, and in particular, it collects free chlorine instantaneously, and for drinking, of course, for purposes such as bathing. In order to be able to supply sanitary water suitable for a long period of time, a solid particulate dechlorinating agent with a novel structure that enables continuous use over a long period of time, and its new Is to provide a simple manufacturing method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The problem of water pollution that has an adverse effect on the living environment has become more serious as industry develops and urbanization progresses. Therefore, the “environmental standard for water pollution” established in 1970 in Japan. In 1971, the Water Pollution Control Law was enacted in the following year, and established standards that should be maintained to protect human health and protect the living environment. As a result of efforts to improve the water quality of rivers and lakes in a severely punishable manner, the waters of various aquatic plants and animals have been steadily growing in rivers flowing through urban areas, even if not as much as before. It can be said that it has reached the stage where it can feel that it is recovering.
[0003]
Since Japan's water supply uses rivers and lakes as its water source, such efforts to preserve water quality are also desirable for water purification in order to safely supply indispensable drinking water everyday. Water that has been polluted by algae odors and pollutants like a person's time is spent by many rigorous purifying means, and it is hygienic and safe even if it is not excessively purified. However, the expectation will expand that it will lead to the supply of tap water with a delicious taste when it is drunk, however, it is only in the case of tap water that it is a case of good quality groundwater or spring water. In the same way that chlorine disinfection is indispensable in order to achieve the pathogenic bacteria treatment standard, even if further purification of water sources continues to be carried out in the future, as a minimum purification means chlorine Differences that rather poison is applied is not, as it is in tap water, must be ready to those just least free chlorine continues to melt as a substance which can not be denied.
[0004]
Although the amount of free chlorine contained in the tap water is kept as low as possible, the minimum required for sterilization is 0.1 to 0.5 PPM, generally 0.2 PPM is always melted. If you continue to ingest tap water mixed with free chlorine, the body's enzymes (enzymes that work during the digestion, digestion, and absorption of food) will be blocked and your immune system will be reduced. In other words, the resistance to even a few bacteria is lost, and the problem of O-157 as in recent cases is generated. As a result of linking, oxidizing and destroying skin tissue (cells), or aging of cells, washing hair with bath water or bathing will destroy rough skin and hair (protein) and decolorize hair In addition to causing damage and increasing the number of people who are cowardly suffering from atopic dermatitis among recent children, vitamins can be obtained by washing green and yellow vegetables with tap water or sharpening rice with tap water. Chlorine, which is indispensable for the purification of tap water, is actually a substance that is not suitable for the body. For example, chlorine is indispensable for the purification of tap water. It is becoming known that there is.
[0005]
In order to meet the expectations of consumers who are sensitive to such information, various appliances aimed at separating and removing free chlorine in tap water have been on the market for a long time. There are a wide variety of choices that make consumers feel confused about their choice, but the chlorine removal means in these water purifiers are based on the principle of adsorbing chlorine to something. It is now a well-known fact that the most widely adopted because of its economical efficiency and handling is due to the use of so-called activated carbon.
[0006]
As a water purifier that uses the adsorption power of this activated carbon as a dechlorinating agent, it is judged that purification is insufficient with activated carbon alone, including a simple faucet-mounted water purifier that is simply loaded inside as a cartridge type filter. Although it can be seen that there are things that incorporate advanced water purification hand throwing combined with ozone treatment etc., or those that propagate microorganisms on the granular activated carbon layer and remove biodegradable organic substances with the microorganisms, Activated carbon based on physical adsorption has its limitations in terms of practical continuous use such as its adsorption capacity is limited and its adsorption speed is slow. Moreover, activated carbon interferes with its adsorption function. Because it is difficult to improve the handleability by granulating it, the reason is that only an appropriate amount cannot be used for purification as a single item. Al, is a reality is has been restricted in its use range.
[0007]
On the other hand, ascorbic acid is another one widely known and used as a dechlorinating agent. This ascorbic acid is obtained by decomposing free chlorine into chloride ions by a chemical selection action and eliminating the harmful effects of chlorine. Including the invention of “chlorine agent” , JP 9-38656 “Bath water purifier” invention, JP 2001-79568 “Dechlorination agent”, JP 2001-145888 “Dechlorination agent and dechlorination method” Although many proposals have been made, such as the invention, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-47170 "bath agent", etc., and some have been put to practical use, these are long because ascorbic acid lacks stability in water. Due to difficulties in use over a period of time, so as to improve their stability, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and / or its salt, citric acid powder, fatty acid and other dissolution modifiers, protein content It may be mixed with various stabilizers such as enzymes to form molded products, surrounded by water-soluble resin-containing substances, or insolubilized by the introduction of substituents into the five-membered ring skeleton of ascorbic acid. However, none of them is necessarily satisfactory in terms of user convenience.
[0008]
The present invention focuses on ascorbic acid as a dechlorinating agent, and since it has not yet reached the above level, it has not yet reached the point where it fully meets the convenience in daily life. We started development and research early, repeated many trials and errors after many years, and repeated many prototype experiments. Finally, free chlorine from tap water supplied as chlorinated and finally supplied Can be instantly removed and separated, and can be modified into water suitable for bathing, face washing, shampooing, etc. as well as for drinking, and its action can be sustained for an extremely long period of time. In addition, in the handling for that, a granular dechlorinating agent having a very novel structure having convenience and economy that could not be realized by conventional methods, and a novel production method therefor Is obtained by successfully realization, in the following be gradually added to the detailed description about the lateral growth.
[0009]
[Structure of the invention]
The granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention basically has the following constitution.
That is, a granular material consisting of a structure obtained by forming a mineral material such as zeolite powder as a core particle into ascorbic acid-based granulated material, and obtaining the porous material by hardening it at low temperature. It is a chlorine agent.
[0010]
If this basic composition is shown as a more concrete one, it will be a granulated product mainly composed of ascorbic acid with an inorganic phosphate binder using mineral materials such as zeolite powder as core particles, It can be said to be a granular dechlorinating agent obtained by sintering to be porous and hardened, and more specifically, it is based on an inorganic phosphate binder using mineral materials such as zeolite powder as core particles. It can be shown by a structure that is obtained by granulating mainly ascorbic acid, obtained by sintering the granulated material at a low temperature, and making it porous and hardened by the foaming action of the gas generated in the thermal decomposition process. It becomes a plug-like dechlorinating agent.
[0011]
The granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention is mainly composed of ascorbic acid, and the conventionally known dechlorination function of ascorbic acid can be obtained continuously and stably in order to obtain a continuous and stable ascorbic acid dehydration function in water. The contact area of ascorbic acid is dramatically increased, and the properties of ascorbic acid that easily disintegrates and elutes when it comes into contact with water are modified to produce a fired product with considerable hardness. The ascorbic acid, which is difficult to granulate by itself, is about 5 to 20% by weight, preferably about 10% by weight, such as a zeolite powder or the like, with respect to ascorbic acid, which is difficult to granulate by itself. By adopting a raw material to obtain a granulated product mainly composed of ascorbic acid, and applying a low-temperature sintering treatment in which it is heated to a range of 150 to 200 ° C., preferably about 170 ° C. Themselves by foaming action of the gas emanating from the ascorbic acid as well as those of the porous structure in extent, is to a considerable hardness chlorine agent granulated Monoka made is hardened to those.
[0012]
Materials consisting of minerals as core particles are those listed in the food additive manufacturing agent list specified in the Ministry of Health and Welfare Food Additive Existing Material No. 120, such as diatomaceous earth, kaolin, talc, granite Stone, activated clay, bentonite, cristobalite, green tough, acid clay, sepiolite, tourmaline , zeolite is the most desirable from the point of view of economy and formability. The diameter is about 2 to 5 mm obtained by preparing a raw material made of mineral such as zeolite powder of 300 mesh under, for example, as taken up in the examples described later. It can be granulated to be used.
[0013]
Ascorbic acid includes one or a combination of two or more selected from ascorbic acid, a salt of ascorbic acid, and an ascorbic acid derivative. Since it has the property of easily disintegrating in contact with water, it is not possible to granulate to a predetermined particle size centered on the core particles by only the water spray method, but the mutual adhesion is weak, During the low-temperature sintering process, it becomes dehydrated and disintegrated, so that it becomes impossible to maintain a stable granular form. Therefore, inorganic phosphates such as aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, calcium trihydrogen phosphate, phosphorus A suitable amount of potassium dihydrogen acid alone or in combination, for example, about 5% or more, desirably 50% or less in terms of the blending ratio with respect to the core particles and ascorbic acid, for example. It should be granulated as mixed in proportions such.
[0014]
In order to generate gas by pyrolyzing ascorbic acid, it is necessary to set the heating temperature to 120 ° C. or higher, and even if a granulated product containing inorganic phosphate as a binder is picked by hand, it will never collapse. In order to sinter to a sufficient hardness without any problem, a temperature of at least about 150 ° C. is required, and the heat treatment temperature for satisfying both conditions is preferably in the range of 150 to 200 ° C. Must be a low-temperature sintering process that heats to approximately 170 ° C.
[0015]
[Related invention]
In relation to the granular dechlorinating agent constituting the basis of the present invention having the above-described configuration, the present invention includes a method for producing a granular dechlorinating agent having the following configuration.
That is, a mineral material such as zeolite powder is mixed by mixing an appropriate amount of a mineral material such as zeolite powder into a mixture of ascorbic acid and an inorganic phosphate binder as a main component, and granulating it to a predetermined particle size by an appropriate means. In the process of producing innumerable granular materials using the raw material as core particles to form granulated materials, in the process of heating the granulated materials for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature, This is a method for producing a granular dechlorinating agent comprising the steps of thermally decomposing ascorbic acid to generate gas and making it porous by its foaming action and making the particles harder by low-temperature sintering.
[0016]
If this production method is expressed by a more specific expression, an appropriate amount of a mineral material such as zeolite powder is mixed in the main mixture of ascorbic acid and inorganic phosphate binder, and water on the rotating drum is mixed. By granulating to a predetermined particle size by the spraying method, a process of producing innumerable granular materials having mineral materials such as zeolite powder as core particles to form granulated materials, A process in which heat treatment is performed at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, and in the process, ascorbic acid is thermally decomposed to generate a gas, which is made porous by its foaming action and hardens the particles by low-temperature sintering. It becomes the manufacturing method of the granular dechlorinating agent which consists of the process made into the figure and the structure which consisted of these series of processes .
[0017]
In the method for producing a granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention, an appropriate amount of a mineral material such as zeolite powder is mixed in a mixture of ascorbic acid and an inorganic phosphate binder as a main component, and water spray on a rotating drum. By granulating to a predetermined particle size by the method, a process of producing countless granular materials having mineral materials such as zeolite powder as core particles to form granulated materials, The step of drying to form a dry granulated product, and then the step of heating the dry granulated product for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature, in the process, ascorbic acid is pyrolyzed to generate gas, A process for making the particles porous by the foaming action and hardening the particles by low-temperature sintering, and a method for producing a granular dechlorinating agent comprising a series of these processes are included.
[0018]
The granulating means in the granulation process of the granule mainly composed of ascorbic acid is not particularly limited, and it is based on various known means such as tableting, briquetting, extrusion molding, kneading and injection molding. However, considering the ease of production of the granulated product, the shape of the obtained granulated product, etc., the production means by the water spray method on the rotating drum adopted in the examples described later Is about 5 to 20% by weight, preferably around 10% by weight of a mineral material such as zeolite powder, and the binder thereof. About 5% by weight or more, preferably 50% by weight or less of inorganic phosphate such as aluminum dihydrogen phosphate is added to form a granulated product having a diameter of about 2 to 5 mm.
[0019]
In addition, the raw material made of mineral as the core particles is preliminarily spherically granulated to a diameter of about 1 to 10 mm, fired at a temperature of 500 to 950 ° C., pulverized and prepared into fine particles having a diameter of about 2 mm, In order to obtain a material having the required hardness for the porous desalting material of the present invention, the ascorbic acid used as the raw material of the dechlorinating agent is mixed from 40 to 90% by weight, It is only necessary to select and adopt the optimum ratio determined by the balance between the expected dechlorination effect and economy .
Hereinafter, representative examples will be described so that the configuration of the present invention becomes clearer.
[0020]
[Example 1]
Ascorbic acid 40% by weight is used as a raw material for the dechlorinating agent. As core particles, zeolite powder (300 mesh or less) is granulated to a diameter of about 7 to 10 mm, fired at a temperature of about 700 to 800 ° C., pulverized and prepared, and 60% by weight of fine particles having a diameter of about 2 mm were added. Further, a powder obtained by mixing approximately 50% by weight of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate as a binder is granulated to a particle size of about 4 to 5 mm by a water spray method on a rotating drum, and then 100 to 120 ° C. At this temperature, the granulated product is once dried.
[0021]
These dried granules are heat-treated in a temperature range of about 170 to 180 ° C. until the generation of gas due to thermal decomposition of ascorbic acid stops, and this hardness is set to be necessary for porous dechlorinating agent granules. The inventive dechlorinating agent can be obtained. In addition, in order to obtain this hardness, it was confirmed that the blending ratio of the binder was sufficiently achievable at 50% or less. However, the blending ratio of this binder is set to 50% or more within a range where granulation is not hindered. It goes without saying that we can do it.
[0022]
[Effects of the Invention]
In order to apply the granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention constituted as described above to the compatibility test as potable water defined by the Waterworks Law, the amount of treated water of chlorine aqueous solution (1PPm) and the time required for chlorine removal I tried an experiment at Yamagata University Industrial Research Institute. The details are as follows.
[0023]
Experiment 1
The removal ability of free chlorine was examined by a batch method, and the adsorption decomposition rate was compared with that of commercially available activated carbon. After adding 0.3 g of the granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention to 200 ml of tap water (containing 1 PPm of chlorine), the coloration of residual chlorine by the tolidine reagent was measured.
As a result, the granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention prepared using ascorbic acid as a raw material was insoluble in water and dilute hydrochloric acid, but was soluble in dilute sodium hydroxide solution, and the solution was reddish brown. This phenomenon is the same as the colored state observed when a pure ascorbic acid solution is left in the air. As long as adjustment is performed under the optimum temperature conditions, the phenomenon unique to ascorbic acid as a dechlorinating agent is the same. This indicates that the member skeleton remains.
[0024]
In the same manner as in Experiment 1 above, 0.3 g of the granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention was added to 200 m · tap water (containing 1 PPm of chlorine) to remove free chlorine.
The degree of removal is evident in the water quality test results document by the Yamagata Institute of Physical and Chemical Analysis shown in Table 1.
[0025]
[Table 1]
[0026]
Subsequently, the purified solution was newly replaced with 200 ml of tap water (containing 1 PPm of chlorine), and repeated tests of dechlorination (integrated treatment amount: 18 l ) were performed.
The series of results are as shown in FIG. 1. As can be clearly seen from the graph, the granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention is free of chlorine within 5 seconds in the novel state. The time required for complete removal of free chlorine was about 1 minute even after 30 repeated tests, and the collection rate and treatment capacity for chlorine showed extremely large values.
[0027]
On the other hand, commercially available activated carbon has a very slow adsorption rate, and it took 15 minutes for decolorization in the first treatment. In the second treatment, it took 10 hours to remove chlorine. From the above comparison, the effectiveness of the granular dechlorinating agent obtained by the production method of the present invention was sufficiently confirmed. It was also confirmed that the granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention did not disintegrate at all even if it was left in water for 15 days or more, and maintained a sufficient hardness .
It was also found that antibacterial properties were added to the raw material ascorbic acid and phosphate binders mixed with a small amount of silver salt or chitosan and calcium salt, and the granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention. It has been confirmed that it can be applied to food and other fields.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
In the production method of the present invention having the above-described structure, although the reducing power of ascorbic acid to free chlorine has been known for a long time, the thermal decomposition of the solid proceeds easily and accompanied by remarkable foaming at an early stage. However, the reaction proceeds via the oxidation intermediate with the five-membered ring skeleton remaining, and the black activated carbon-like particles produced at a thermal decomposition temperature of 150 to 200 ° C. show specific properties as a dechlorinating agent. In addition, when the phosphate binder is not present, the granulated particles are not only destroyed by the remarkable foaming action, but also the dechlorination ability is remarkably reduced. Heat treatment at 150-200 ° C. with the addition of acid salt, and the release of carbon dioxide accompanying thermal decomposition of ascorbic acid while imparting sufficient hardness by advancing the first stage dehydration while retaining the shape. The rate is controlled to enable the formation of activated carbon-like intermediates and the formation of ultra-porosity under an inert atmosphere, and the granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention thus obtained instantly removes free chlorine in tap water. In the case of a new product, the contact time required for complete removal is at most 5 seconds, and even if it is used repeatedly thereafter, there will be any obstacle to its shape retention. In addition, the time required for complete removal of free chlorine can be reduced to about 1 minute.
[0029]
As described above, the granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention and the method for producing the same have reached the level of convenience in daily life even though they are known as dechlorinating agents due to their novel structure. As a new dechlorinating agent mainly composed of ascorbic acid, it can be modified into water suitable for bathing, face washing, shampoo, etc. Chlorine is essential for the purification of tap water, because it can achieve the intended purpose of making it sustainable for an extremely long period of time and making it relatively easy to produce at low cost. It is highly evaluated as a technology for easily and economically eradicating adverse effects on human bodies, and is expected to be widely adopted and spread.
[Brief description of the drawings]
The drawing shows one of the results of experiments conducted to confirm the usefulness of the granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of water treated with an aqueous chlorine solution (containing 1 PPm of chlorine) using the granular dechlorinating agent of the present invention and the time required for removing free chlorine.
Claims (4)
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