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JP4133854B2 - Method for inspecting breakage of steel material by electromagnetic pulse and breakage inspection device for steel material - Google Patents
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JP4133854B2 - Method for inspecting breakage of steel material by electromagnetic pulse and breakage inspection device for steel material - Google Patents

Method for inspecting breakage of steel material by electromagnetic pulse and breakage inspection device for steel material Download PDF

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JP4133854B2
JP4133854B2 JP2004025814A JP2004025814A JP4133854B2 JP 4133854 B2 JP4133854 B2 JP 4133854B2 JP 2004025814 A JP2004025814 A JP 2004025814A JP 2004025814 A JP2004025814 A JP 2004025814A JP 4133854 B2 JP4133854 B2 JP 4133854B2
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steel material
breakage
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JP2005214937A (en
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晃史 佐々木
雅司 森
和宏 葛目
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Non Destructive Inspection Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/341—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with time characteristics
    • G01N29/343—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with time characteristics pulse waves, e.g. particular sequence of pulses, bursts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0232—Glass, ceramics, concrete or stone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects

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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Description

本発明は、例えば鉄筋コンクリート中の鉄筋のように、非磁性体中に存在する鋼材の破断等を検査することの可能な鋼材の破断検査方法及び鋼材の破断検査装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a steel material breakage inspection method and a steel material breakage inspection apparatus capable of inspecting a breakage of a steel material existing in a non-magnetic material, such as a rebar in a reinforced concrete.

上述の如き鋼材の破断検査方法としては、例えば特許文献１、２に記載の如き発明が知られている。特許文献１の発明では、一対の主鉄筋の上にそれぞれ送受信センサを配置し、両センサにおける受信信号の差分を求めることで、破断鉄筋の位置を求めている。特許文献２の発明では、鉄筋コンクリートポールに送信コイルと受信コイルとを距離を隔てて配置している。そして、送信コイルに与えたスイープ信号により受信信号に顕れる信号の周波数スペクトルを求め、スペクトルピーク周波数を基準スペクトルピーク周波数との比較により、鉄筋の破断を判別している。
特開平１１−７２４８１号公報 特開２０００−１９９７５５号公報 For example, the inventions described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are known as methods for inspecting the steel material as described above. In the invention of Patent Document 1, a transmission / reception sensor is disposed on each of a pair of main reinforcing bars, and a position of a broken reinforcing bar is obtained by obtaining a difference between reception signals of both sensors. In the invention of Patent Document 2, a transmission coil and a reception coil are arranged at a distance from a reinforced concrete pole. Then, the frequency spectrum of the signal appearing in the received signal is obtained from the sweep signal applied to the transmission coil, and the breakage of the reinforcing bar is determined by comparing the spectrum peak frequency with the reference spectrum peak frequency.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-72481 JP 2000-199755 A

本発明の目的は、別異の原理による鋼材の破断を検査することの可能な鋼材の破断検査方法及び鋼材の破断検査装置を提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to provide a steel material break inspection method and a steel material break inspection apparatus capable of inspecting a steel material break according to different principles.

上記課題を解決するため、本発明に係る鋼材の破断検査方法の特徴は、電磁波パルスの送信子及び受信子を検査表面に離隔させて配置し、この検査表面から隔たった位置に存在する鋼材に前記送信子から電磁波パルスを送信して前記鋼材に磁束を発生させ、前記磁束は前記鋼材内を通って前記受信子側へ通過し、前記受信子でこの受信子近傍に存在する前記鋼材から漏洩する漏洩磁束を受信し、この漏洩磁束の時間と振幅との相関により前記送信子及び受信子間における前記鋼材の破断を検査することにある。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the steel material fracture inspection method according to the present invention is characterized in that the transmitter and receiver of the electromagnetic wave pulse are spaced apart from the inspection surface, and the steel material is located at a position separated from the inspection surface. An electromagnetic wave pulse is transmitted from the transmitter to generate a magnetic flux in the steel material, and the magnetic flux passes through the steel material to the receiver side and leaks from the steel material existing in the vicinity of the receiver at the receiver. The leakage flux to be received is received, and the breakage of the steel material between the transmitter and the receiver is inspected by the correlation between the time and amplitude of the leakage flux.

同特徴によれば、検査時に対象となる鋼材の検査対象部を挟んで電磁波パルスを送受信すればよい。発明者の実験によれば、検査対象部に破断部が存在する場合は、健全な鋼材に比較して受信信号が早く減衰することが判明した。   According to the feature, an electromagnetic wave pulse may be transmitted and received with the inspection target portion of the steel material that is the target at the time of inspection. According to the inventor's experiment, it was found that the received signal attenuates faster than the sound steel material when the fracture portion exists in the inspection target portion.

ここで、前記鋼材としては鉄筋等が用いられ、前記検査表面と前記鋼材の間にコンクリートが充填された鉄筋コンクリートを検査対象とすることができる。前記送信子と受信子とを前記鋼材の屈曲部を挟んで配置するとよい。   Here, a rebar or the like is used as the steel material, and a reinforced concrete in which concrete is filled between the inspection surface and the steel material can be an inspection object. The transmitter and the receiver may be arranged with the bent portion of the steel material interposed therebetween.

また、上記鋼材の破断検査方法に用いることの可能な鋼材の破断検査装置の特徴は、電磁波パルスの送信子及び受信子と、前記漏洩磁束の時間と振幅との相関に基づき信号の減衰を解析する解析装置を備えたことにある。   The steel breakage inspection apparatus that can be used in the steel breakage inspection method is characterized by analyzing signal attenuation based on the correlation between the electromagnetic wave pulse transmitter and receiver and the time and amplitude of the leakage magnetic flux. This is because it has an analysis device.

このように、本発明によれば、検査時に対象となる鋼材の検査対象部を挟んで電磁波パルスを送受信すればよく、鋼材の全長にわたってスキャンをする必要もない。その結果、迅速に個別の鋼材の破断を検査することが可能となり、検査の効率化と確実性を向上させるに至った。   Thus, according to the present invention, it is only necessary to transmit and receive an electromagnetic wave pulse across the inspection target portion of the steel material that is the object at the time of inspection, and it is not necessary to scan the entire length of the steel material. As a result, it became possible to quickly inspect for breakage of individual steel materials, leading to improved efficiency and certainty of inspection.

本発明の他の目的、構成及び効果については以下に示す発明を実施するための最良の形態において明らかになるであろう。   Other objects, configurations, and effects of the present invention will become apparent in the best mode for carrying out the invention shown below.

次に、図１、２，５を参照しながら、本発明の実施形態について説明する。図１に示す破断検査装置１は、電磁波パルスを送信するための送信子２と、送信子２から送信された電磁波パルスにより励磁される鉄筋２０からの電磁波信号を受信する受信子３と、送信子２，受信子３を制御するための制御器４と、受信波形を解析するためのパーソナルコンピュータ５とを備えている。検査体１０は、破断部Ｄが角部に形成された第一筋２１とこれに直交する第二筋２２とを網目状に形成した鉄筋２０をコンクリート１２で覆った鉄筋コンクリート構造物である。鉄筋２０は検査表面１１から隔たった位置に存在する。   Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. A break inspection apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a transmitter 2 for transmitting an electromagnetic wave pulse, a receiver 3 for receiving an electromagnetic wave signal from a reinforcing bar 20 excited by the electromagnetic wave pulse transmitted from the transmitter 2, and a transmission. A controller 4 for controlling the child 2 and the receiver 3 and a personal computer 5 for analyzing the received waveform are provided. The inspection body 10 is a reinforced concrete structure in which a rebar 20 in which a first bar 21 having a fractured part D formed at a corner and a second bar 22 perpendicular to the first bar 21 is formed in a mesh shape is covered with concrete 12. The reinforcing bar 20 exists at a position separated from the inspection surface 11.

図５は図３の模型において送信子２に矩形波電圧を与えてパルスを送信した後における受信子３での受信波形を示すグラフである。横軸は時間軸、縦軸は受信強度を示すと共にいずれも対数目盛で表示してある点は以下同様である。前半の平坦部分の前にパルス送信信号の部分が本来は存在するが表示はされておらず、パルス信号終了後の受信信号が表示されている。前半の平坦部分は信号が飽和している部分であり、その後の減衰していく部分が解析対象となる。横軸の時間は送信パルスの終了時間Ｔｏが基準時間０に相当する。なだらかに連続する曲線ｆａが健全な鉄筋での検査結果、早期に減衰する曲線ｆｂが破断部を有する鉄筋での検査結果である。パーソナルコンピュータ５では、受信波形ｆａ，ｆｂをそれぞれ解析する。   FIG. 5 is a graph showing a received waveform at the receiver 3 after transmitting a pulse by applying a rectangular wave voltage to the transmitter 2 in the model of FIG. The horizontal axis represents the time axis, the vertical axis represents the received intensity, and both are displayed in a logarithmic scale. The part of the pulse transmission signal originally exists before the flat part of the first half but is not displayed, but the reception signal after the end of the pulse signal is displayed. The flat portion in the first half is a portion where the signal is saturated, and the subsequent portion where the signal is attenuated is to be analyzed. In the time on the horizontal axis, the transmission pulse end time To corresponds to the reference time 0. A gently continuous curve fa is an inspection result with a healthy reinforcing bar, and a curve fb that decays early is an inspection result with a reinforcing bar having a fracture portion. The personal computer 5 analyzes the received waveforms fa and fb.

実際の検査では第一筋２１が検査対象の場合、破断部Ｄの発生が予想される検査対象部を挟んで鉄筋２１上に位置する検査表面１１上に送信子２，受信子３がそれぞれ配置される。送信子２から発せられた磁気パルスの信号はコンクリート１２を透過し、鉄筋２１に到達し励磁する。図２（ａ）に示すように、健全な第一筋２１の場合は磁束は鉄筋内を通り、検査対象部Ｓを通過した漏洩磁束が再度コンクリート１２を透過し、受信子３により受信される。一方、図２（ｂ）に示すように、破断部Ｄが中間（角部が多い）に位置する第一筋２１の場合は磁束は検査対象部Ｓにおいて破断部Ｄから漏洩する。よって、検査対象部Ｓを通過する磁束が減少し、検査対象部Ｓを通過した漏洩磁束が再度コンクリート１２を経て受信子３により受信される磁束も減少し、上述のグラフの如き現象が発生する。   In the actual inspection, when the first muscle 21 is the inspection object, the transmitter 2 and the receiver 3 are respectively arranged on the inspection surface 11 positioned on the reinforcing bar 21 with the inspection object part where the fracture portion D is expected to occur. Is done. The magnetic pulse signal emitted from the transmitter 2 passes through the concrete 12, reaches the rebar 21 and is excited. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), in the case of the healthy first reinforcement 21, the magnetic flux passes through the inside of the reinforcing bar, and the leakage magnetic flux that has passed through the inspection target portion S passes through the concrete 12 again and is received by the receiver 3. . On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), in the case of the first muscle 21 in which the fracture portion D is located in the middle (many corners), the magnetic flux leaks from the fracture portion D in the inspection target portion S. Therefore, the magnetic flux passing through the inspection target portion S is reduced, and the magnetic flux received by the receiver 3 through the concrete 12 again by the leakage magnetic flux passing through the inspection target portion S is also reduced, and the phenomenon shown in the above graph occurs. .

解析装置であるパーソナルコンピュータ５では、基準時間、例えばパルス遮断時間Ｔｏ等から一定時間内に信号が一定レベルで留まっているか否かの基準値を設けることで、健全鉄筋か破断鉄筋かを検査することが可能となる。その他、図５のようなグラフにおいて健全信号ｆａ及び／又は破断信号ｆｂを予め表示させておき、受信信号をこれらと比較させることで判別させるように構成してもよい。   In the personal computer 5 which is an analysis device, a reference value as to whether or not the signal stays at a certain level within a certain time from a reference time, for example, the pulse cut-off time To or the like, is provided to check whether the reinforcing bar is a healthy reinforcing bar or a broken reinforcing bar. It becomes possible. In addition, the sound signal fa and / or the break signal fb may be displayed in advance in a graph as shown in FIG. 5, and the received signal may be compared with these so as to be discriminated.

次に、図３〜７を参照しながら、本発明の実施例について説明する。
図３，４は鉄筋コンクリートの替わりに同厚の２枚の板材１３ａ，１３ｂ等よりなる樹脂製のスペーサー１３を用いて、鉄筋２０からの距離を異ならせた模型を用いている。第一筋２１は直径３２ｍｍ、第二筋２２は直径１９ｍｍである。第一筋２１同士及び第二筋２２同士はは１００ｍｍ〜２００ｍｍ程度の間隔で配置されている。スペーサー１３のリフトオフ距離は８０ｍｍ、１１０ｍｍ、１５０ｍｍの３種類であり、それぞれの測定結果を図５〜７に示す。 Next, examples of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
3 and 4 use a model in which the distance from the reinforcing bar 20 is changed using a resin spacer 13 made of two plate members 13a and 13b having the same thickness instead of the reinforced concrete. The first muscle 21 has a diameter of 32 mm, and the second muscle 22 has a diameter of 19 mm. The first muscles 21 and the second muscles 22 are arranged at intervals of about 100 mm to 200 mm. The spacer 13 has three types of lift-off distances of 80 mm, 110 mm, and 150 mm, and the measurement results are shown in FIGS.

図５〜７に示す実験結果より、以下の事実が判明した。
破断部Ｄが存在する鉄筋の信号は（１）減衰が早く始まり、（２）信号値の低下も早く起こり信号が早々に消失する。したがって、本方法及び装置により、これらの傾向を判別することで、鉄筋破断を検査することが可能となる。なお、本実施例ではスペーサーを用いた測定値のみ表示したが、鉄筋コンクリートの検査結果も全く同程度の傾向を示した。 The following facts were found from the experimental results shown in FIGS.
The signal of the reinforcing bar in which the fracture portion D is present (1) begins to decay quickly, (2) the signal value also decreases quickly, and the signal disappears quickly. Therefore, the present method and apparatus can inspect the reinforcing bar breakage by discriminating these tendencies. In this example, only measured values using spacers were displayed, but the inspection results of reinforced concrete also showed the same tendency.

最後に本発明のその他の実施形態の可能性について言及する。
上記実施形態において、時間軸と信号強度とに対数軸を用いた。しかし、これら双方の軸に通常の１０進法軸を用い、実質的に関数で対数が織り込まれるように構成することも可能である。 Finally, reference is made to the possibilities of other embodiments of the invention.
In the above embodiment, the logarithmic axis is used for the time axis and the signal intensity. However, it is also possible to use a normal decimal axis for both of these axes so that the logarithm is woven substantially as a function.

また、上記実施形態では、検査体１０として鉄筋２１が屈曲したものを用いた。しかし、本発明は、屈曲した鉄筋２１に限らず、直線状の鉄筋２２に対しても実施することができ、鉄筋以外の棒状・線状の鋼材に対しても適用可能である。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, what the rebar 21 bent was used as the test body 10. FIG. However, the present invention can be applied not only to the bent reinforcing bars 21 but also to the linear reinforcing bars 22 and can be applied to rod-like and linear steel materials other than the reinforcing bars.

上記実施形態では検査表面１１と鉄筋２０との間にコンクリート１２又は樹脂製スペーサー１３を介在させた。しかし、これらの間に介在させる非磁性体は鉄筋を例示させるだけの磁束を通過させる物質であれば何でもよく、例えば、木材や繊維も該当する。   In the above embodiment, the concrete 12 or the resin spacer 13 is interposed between the inspection surface 11 and the reinforcing bar 20. However, the non-magnetic material interposed between them may be anything as long as it is a substance that allows magnetic flux to pass through to exemplify a reinforcing bar, for example, wood and fiber.

なお、特許請求の範囲の項に記入した符号は、あくまでも図面との対照を便利にするためのものにすぎず、該記入により本発明は添付図面の構成に限定されるものではない。   In addition, the code | symbol entered in the term of the claim is only for the convenience of contrast with drawing, and this invention is not limited to the structure of an accompanying drawing by this entry.

本発明は、鉄筋等の鋼材に電磁波パルスを送受信し、鋼材の破断を検査する電磁波パルスによる鋼材の破断検査方法及び装置である。例えば、鉄筋コンクリート構造物における鉄筋の破断検査、その他の電磁波パルスを透過させる非磁性体に覆われた鋼材の破断等を検査することができる。   The present invention is a method and apparatus for inspecting a steel material with an electromagnetic wave pulse by transmitting and receiving an electromagnetic wave pulse to a steel material such as a reinforcing bar to inspect the steel material for breakage. For example, it is possible to inspect the breakage of a reinforcing bar in a reinforced concrete structure, the breakage of a steel material covered with a nonmagnetic material that transmits other electromagnetic wave pulses, and the like.

本発明に係る鋼材の破断検査方法を実施するための破断検査装置のブロック図及び検査体の断面図である。It is a block diagram of a break inspection device for carrying out a break inspection method of steel materials concerning the present invention, and a sectional view of an inspection object. 破断検査方法における鉄筋と送信子及び受信子との関係を示し、（ａ）は健全な鉄筋、（ｂ）は不健全な鉄筋の場合である。The relationship between the reinforcing bar and the transmitter and the receiver in the fracture inspection method is shown, where (a) is a healthy reinforcing bar and (b) is an unhealthy reinforcing bar. 本発明の実施例を示す試験体の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the test body which shows the Example of this invention. 図３の正面図である。FIG. 4 is a front view of FIG. 3. リフトオフ距離８０ｍｍの場合における受信信号の減衰状態を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the attenuation state of a received signal in case of lift-off distance 80mm. リフトオフ距離１１０ｍｍの場合における図５に相当するグラフである。6 is a graph corresponding to FIG. 5 when the lift-off distance is 110 mm. リフトオフ距離１５０ｍｍの場合における図５に相当するグラフである。6 is a graph corresponding to FIG. 5 when the lift-off distance is 150 mm.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１：破断検査装置、２：送信子、３：受信子、４：制御器、５：パーソナルコンピュータ、１０：検査体、１１：検査表面、１２：コンクリート、１３：スペーサー、１３ａ：第一スペーサー、１３ｂ：第二スペーサー、２０：鉄筋、２１：第一筋、２２：第二筋、ｆａ：健全信号、ｆｂ：破断信号，Ｌ：リフトオフ距離，Ｄ：破断部



1: break inspection device, 2: transmitter, 3: receiver, 4: controller, 5: personal computer, 10: inspection object, 11: inspection surface, 12: concrete, 13: spacer, 13a: first spacer, 13b: second spacer, 20: rebar, 21: first rebar, 22: second rebar, fa: sound signal, fb: break signal, L: lift-off distance, D: break



Claims (5)

電磁波パルスの送信子及び受信子を検査表面に離隔させて配置し、この検査表面から隔たった位置に存在する鋼材に前記送信子から電磁波パルスを送信して前記鋼材に磁束を発生させ、前記磁束は前記鋼材内を通って前記受信子側へ通過し、前記受信子でこの受信子近傍に存在する前記鋼材から漏洩する漏洩磁束を受信し、この漏洩磁束の時間と振幅との相関により前記送信子及び受信子間における前記鋼材の破断を検査する電磁波パルスによる鋼材の破断検査方法。 The transmitter and receiver of the electromagnetic wave pulse are spaced apart from the inspection surface, and the electromagnetic wave is transmitted from the transmitter to the steel material existing at a position separated from the inspection surface to generate a magnetic flux in the steel material. Passes through the steel material to the receiver side, and the receiver receives the leakage magnetic flux leaking from the steel material existing in the vicinity of the receiver, and the transmission is performed according to the correlation between the time and amplitude of the leakage magnetic flux. A method for inspecting a breakage of a steel material by an electromagnetic wave pulse for inspecting the breakage of the steel material between a child and a receiver. 前記鋼材が鉄筋である請求項１に記載の電磁波パルスによる鋼材の破断検査方法。 The method for inspecting breakage of a steel material by an electromagnetic wave pulse according to claim 1, wherein the steel material is a reinforcing bar. 前記検査表面と前記鋼材の間にコンクリートが充填されている請求項１又は２に記載の電磁波パルスによる鋼材の破断検査方法。 The method for inspecting a fracture of a steel material by an electromagnetic wave pulse according to claim 1 or 2, wherein concrete is filled between the inspection surface and the steel material. 前記送信子と受信子とを前記鋼材の屈曲部を挟んで配置した請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の電磁波パルスによる鋼材の破断検査方法。 The method for inspecting a fracture of a steel material by an electromagnetic wave pulse according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transmitter and the receiver are arranged with a bent portion of the steel material interposed therebetween. 請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の電磁波パルスによる鋼材の破断検査方法に用いることの可能な電磁波パルスによる鋼材の破断検査装置であって、電磁波パルスの送信子及び受信子と、前記漏洩磁束の時間と振幅との相関に基づき信号の減衰を解析する解析装置を備えた電磁波パルスによる鋼材の破断検査装置。 An apparatus for inspecting breakage of a steel material by an electromagnetic wave pulse that can be used in the method for inspecting a breakage of a steel material by an electromagnetic wave pulse according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the transmitter and receiver of the electromagnetic wave pulse, and the leakage magnetic flux An apparatus for inspecting a breakage of a steel material by an electromagnetic wave pulse equipped with an analysis device that analyzes signal attenuation based on the correlation between time and amplitude of the steel.
JP2004025814A 2004-02-02 2004-02-02 Method for inspecting breakage of steel material by electromagnetic pulse and breakage inspection device for steel material Expired - Fee Related JP4133854B2 (en)

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