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JP4135366B2 - Secondary battery - Google Patents
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JP4135366B2 - Secondary battery - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4135366B2
JP4135366B2 JP2002016291A JP2002016291A JP4135366B2 JP 4135366 B2 JP4135366 B2 JP 4135366B2 JP 2002016291 A JP2002016291 A JP 2002016291A JP 2002016291 A JP2002016291 A JP 2002016291A JP 4135366 B2 JP4135366 B2 JP 4135366B2
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Prior art keywords
voltage
charging
battery
circuit
overcharge
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JP2003217681A (en
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哲 日向野
祐介 渡会
忠 杉原
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、充電装置により充電可能な二次電池に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、リチウムイオン電池など非水系の二次電池は定電流・定電圧充電が行われる。この充電方法では、二次電池を充電する際に、充電初期はある設定した電流で定電流充電を行い、二次電池電圧がある設定値に達すると、その設定値電圧で定電圧充電を行い、満充電になるまで充電を行うのが一般的である。
【0003】
このように、定電圧・定電流充電を行うリチウムイオン電池などの非水系二次電池は、過充電による性能劣化が顕著で破裂などの危険を伴うため、これらの二次電池には従来から過充電保護回路を内蔵することが知られている。図6に示すように、従来の二次電池1は単一の電池セル2と過充電保護回路3を備える。また、二次電池1を充電する充電器4は定電圧充電回路5と定電圧検出回路6と定電流充電回路7とを備える。二次電池1の過充電保護回路3は電池セル電圧検出回路3aと過充電検出回路3bと常閉の過充電保護スイッチ3cによって構成される。このような過充電保護回路では、電池セル電圧検出回路3aが電池セル電圧を監視し、ある値に設定された基準電源3dの電圧値と比較しその比較値を出力する。この出力は過充電検出回路3bに入力され、保護スイッチ3cのオン/オフを制御するように構成される。このため、過充電保護回路3bは過充電などによって電池セル電圧があらかじめ設定した過充電検出電圧よりも高くなると保護スイッチ3cをオフするようになっている。
【0004】
しかし、このような二次電池1の正極及び負極端子に充電器4を接続して充電すると、過充電保護回路3の電圧降下の影響により、二次電池1における端子電圧は内蔵された電池セル2における実際の電圧よりやや高い値となる。一方、上述した定電流・定電圧充電における充電器4は、定電圧検出回路6により二次電池1の端子電圧を充電電圧として定電圧充電回路5により定電圧充電制御を行うので、実際の電池セル2に対しては、充電器4で設定されている定電圧充電値よりも低い電圧で充電されることになる。このように充電電圧が適性値より低いと総充電容量が低下する不具合がある。逆に適性値より高い電圧で充電すると、電池の劣化を招き、破壊に至ることもある。したがって安易に充電電圧を高くすることはできない欠点がある。
【0005】
この点を解消するために、二次電池に内蔵されている電池セル自体における電圧を検出し、その実際に検出された電池セルの電圧に応じて充電器により電池セルの充電を制御する二次電池の充電方法が提案されている(特開平11−187586)。この二次電池の充電方法では、実際に検出された電池セルの電圧に応じて二次電池の充電を制御することになり、充電容量を向上し得るとともに、充電時間を短縮することができるものとしている。
一方、近年では、リチウム電池等の二次電池は小型化、軽量化が可能であるため、このような二次電池を大容量化させる試みがなされている。このリチウム二次電池は、複数の電池セルを電池ケースに封入することにより作られ、それら複数の電池セルを直列又は並列に接続することにより大容量化を可能にしている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、複数の電池セルを電池ケースに収容した二次電池において、直列に接続されたそれら複数の電池セルの全体における電圧に応じて充電を制御すると、複数の電池セルそれぞれにおける充電容量が異なる場合には、充電容量の小さな電池セルが過充電され、比較的高い発熱によって二次電池の寿命を縮め、二次電池自体の性能を極端に劣化させる不具合がある。
また、上述した特開平11−187586号公報における二次電池の充電方法では、依然として過充電保護スイッチが電池ケースに内蔵されており、過充電保護スイッチがFET等である場合には、電池ケースに内蔵されたそのFETの許容電流によって充電電流が制限され、充電時間が延長される不具合もあった。
本発明の目的は、直列に接続された複数の電池セルを有する場合における充電容量を向上させかつその充電時間を短縮し得る二次電池を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1に係る発明は、図1に示すように、直列に接続された複数の電池セル11と、複数の電池セル11にそれぞれ接続され電池セル11の電圧を検出する電池セル11と同数のセル電圧検出回路13と、全てのセル電圧検出回路13の検出出力に接続され全てのセル電圧検出回路13において検出される電圧のうちの最大電圧を出力する最大電圧出力回路14と、複数の電池セル11のそれぞれに接続され電池セル11の過充電を検出する電池セル11と同数の過充電検出回路16と、全ての過充電検出回路16の検出出力に接続された遮断信号出力回路17と、複数の電池セル11と複数のセル電圧検出回路13と最大電圧出力回路14と電池セル11と同数の過充電検出回路16と遮断信号出力回路17を封入する電池ケース12とを備え、遮断信号出力回路17は全ての過充電検出回路16において検出される電圧のうちのいずれか1つの電池セル11の最大電圧が所定の値を超えたときに遮断信号を出力するように構成されたことを特徴とする二次電池である。
この請求項1に係る二次電池では、複数の電池セル11におけるそれぞれの電圧を別々に設けられたセル電圧検出回路13により検出し、その最大電圧を最大電圧検出回路14により出力する。
【0008】
そして、充電器20は最大電圧出力回路14からの出力に応じて二次電池10の充電を制御するように構成すれば、二次電池10における複数の電池セル11のそれぞれにおける充電容量が異なる場合には、充電容量の最も小さな電池セル11におけるセル電圧が最大電圧出力回路14から出力されるので、充電容量の最も小さな電池セル11が過充電されることは回避され、過充電に起因する発熱を防止することにより二次電池の性能を向上させることができる。
【0009】
更に、充電器20は、遮断信号出力回路17の出力により直列に接続された複数の電池セル11の充電を遮断する過充電保護スイッチ24を備えれば、いずれか1つの電池セル11が過充電であっても過充電保護スイッチ24を動作させることができる。また、過充電保護スイッチ24を充電器20に設けるので、過充電保護スイッチ24の発熱による二次電池10の劣化を防止できるとともに、従来必要とされた過充電保護スイッチ24の発する熱を別途外部に放散させるための放熱手段が不要になり、部品定数が減少して単純かつ小型の二次電池10を得ることができる。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
図1に示すように、この実施形態の二次電池充電装置は、二次電池10と充電器20とからなり、二次電池10は複数の電池セル11を電池ケース12に封入することにより作られる。また、複数の電池セル11の他に電池ケース12には、複数の電池セル11のそれぞれに接続され電池セル11の電圧を検出する電池セル11と同数のセル電圧検出回路13と、これら全てのセル電圧検出回路13の出力に接続され全てのセル電圧検出回路13において検出される電圧のうちの最大電圧を出力する最大電圧出力回路14と、複数の電池セル11のそれぞれに接続され電池セル11の過充電を検出する電池セル11と同数の過充電検出回路16と、全ての過充電検出回路16の検出出力に接続された遮断信号出力回路17とが封入される。
【0011】
電池ケース12には出力及び入力のための正極端子12a及び負極端子12bとともに、セル電圧出力端子12cと遮断信号出力端子12dが設けられる。複数の電池セル11は直列に接続され、直列に接続された複数の電池セル11の両端部が正極端子12a及び負極端子12bに電気的に接続される。また、最大電圧出力回路14の検出出力はセル電圧検出端子12cに接続され、遮断信号出力回路18の検出出力は遮断信号出力端子12dに接続される。
【0012】
図2にこの実施の形態における複数のセル電圧検出回路13と最大電圧出力回路14の詳細を示す。先ず、複数のセル電圧検出回路13はそれぞれ同一構造であり、その内の1つを代表して説明する。セル電圧検出回路13は、単一の電池セル11における電圧を電池セル電圧検出抵抗RB1とRB2によって抵抗分割した電池セル電圧値と、高精度基準電源18の電圧値を充電電圧検出抵抗RB3とRB4によって抵抗分割した基準電圧値とを比較する誤差アンプ132を有し、その出力は最大電圧出力回路14を構成するダイオード141に接続される。また、この誤差アンプ132のゲインはゲイン設定抵抗RB7によって決まる。電池セル電圧検出抵抗RB1,RB2と高精度基準電源18と充電電圧検出抵抗RB3,RB4は、電池セル11の適切な充電電圧付近で誤差アンプ18が動作するように設定される。
【0013】
最大電圧出力回路14は、複数のセル電圧検出回路13の出力側にそれぞれ接続されたセル電圧検出回路13の数と同数のダイオード141を有し、全てのダイオード141を並列に接続することにより構成される。この最大電圧出力回路14は、ダイオード141を並列に接続するので、全てのセル電圧検出回路13における検出出力のうちの最大電圧からダイオード141の電圧降下分を引いた電圧を出力するように構成される。
【0014】
図3には、この実施の形態における複数の過充電検出回路16と遮断信号出力回路17の詳細を示す。複数の過充電検出回路16はそれぞれ同一構造であり、代表した1つを説明する。過充電検出回路16は、抵抗RB1とRB2によって抵抗分割された電池セル電圧値と、高精度基準電源18の電圧値を過充電検出抵抗RB5とRB6によって抵抗分割した基準電圧値とを比較するコンパレータ161を有し、それらの出力が遮断信号出力回路17に接続される。電池セル電圧検出抵抗RB1,RB2と高精度基準電源18と過充電検出抵抗RB5,RB6は、電池セル電圧が過充電電圧に達したときにコンパレータ161を動作させるように構成される。また、この実施の形態における遮断信号出力回路17はORゲート回路であって、複数の過電流検出回路16におけるいずれかのコンパレータ161が動作すると遮断信号を出力するように構成される。このように、高精度基準電源18を含むセル電圧検出回路13を過充電検出回路16の一部として共用させることにより回路を簡略化させることができる。
【0015】
図1に戻って、充電器20の収容ケース21には、二次電池10の正極端子12a並びに負極端子12bに接続される正極充電端子21a並びに負極充電端子21bを有し、更に二次電池10のセル電圧検出端子12cに接続されるセル電圧入力端子21c及び遮断信号出力回路17の出力端子12dに接続される遮断信号端子21dが設けられる。そして、二次電池10の正極端子12a並びに負極端子12bに充電器の正極充電端子21a並びに負極充電端子21bを接続し、更に二次電池のセル電圧検出端子12cにセル電圧入力端子21cを接続するとともに、遮断信号出力回路17の出力端子12dに遮断信号端子12dを接続することにより充電器20と二次電池10は接続される。
【0016】
一方、充電器20には定電圧充電のための低電圧充電回路22と、定電流充電のための低電流充電回路23、及び二次電池10における遮断信号出力回路17の出力により二次電池10の充電を遮断する過充電保護スイッチ24が内蔵される。この定電圧充電回路22は、セル電圧入力端子21cを通してセル電圧検出端子12cから出力される二次電池10の最大電圧出力回路17の出力をフィードバック信号として定電圧充電を行うように構成される。また、この実施の形態における過電流保護スイッチ24は、図3に詳しく示すように、P−ch FETが使用されるものとする。
【0017】
図2にこの実施の形態における定電圧充電回路22と定電流充電回路23の詳細を示す。定電流充電回路23は、NPN形の定電流制御トランジスタQC1を有し、そのベース・エミッタ間に定電流・定電圧制御抵抗RC1が接続される。ここで、定電流充電回路23による定電流値はトランジスタQC1のベース・エミッタ間電圧と抵抗RC1の抵抗値によって決まる。
【0018】
一方、定電圧充電回路22は、NPN形の定電流・定電圧制御トランジスタQC2と、そのベースを駆動するNPN形の定電圧制御トランジスタQC3を有し、定電圧・定電流制御トランジスタQC2のコレクタ・ベース間には定電圧・定電流制御トランジスタ駆動抵抗RC2が、定電圧制御トランジスタQC3のエミッタには定電圧制御抵抗RC3が接続される。定電圧制御トランジスタQC3のベースは、セル電圧入力端子21cを通して二次電池10の最大電圧出力回路17の出力によって駆動され、いずれかの電池セル11における最大電圧に基づいて設定した充電電圧で一定に保たれるように駆動される。
【0019】
次に、この充電装置による充電動作について説明する。充電初期、電池セル電圧が低い間は、二次電池内のセル電圧検出回路13(誤差アンプ132)の出力は低く、充電器20の定電圧充電回路22は動作せず、定電流充電回路23により定電流充電が行われる。充電が進み、電池セル電圧があらかじめ設定された充電電圧に達すると、二次電池10のセル電圧検出回路13の出力が最大電圧出力回路14におけるダイオード141の電圧降下分を越えることになり、その最大電圧出力回路14は複数のセル電圧検出回路13におけるいずれかの最大電圧からダイオード141の電圧降下分を引いた電圧を出力する。充電器20はこの出力に基づいての定電圧充電回路22のトランジスタQC3とQC2をドライブし、定電圧充電が行われる。
【0020】
このとき、複数の電池セル11におけるそれぞれの電圧は、別々に設けられたセル電圧検出回路13により検出され、その最大電圧を最大電圧検出回路14により出力されるので、二次電池10における複数の電池セル11のそれぞれにおける充電容量が異なる場合には、充電容量の小さな電池セル11におけるセル電圧が設定された充電電圧より上がると、そのセル電圧検出回路13の誤差アンプ132の出力が上がり、その電池セル11におけるセル電圧が最大電圧出力回路17から出力され、充電器20の定電圧充電回路22のトランジスタQC3のベース電圧が上がり、コレクタ電流が増える。その結果抵抗RC2による電圧降下が大きくなりトランジスタQC2のベース電圧を下げ、充電電圧を下げる方向に動作する。この結果、充電容量の小さな電池セル11が過充電されることは回避され、過充電に起因する発熱を防止することにより二次電池の性能を向上させることができる。逆に電池セル電圧が設定された電圧より下がると、逆の動作により充電電圧を上げる方向に動作する。この一連のフィードバック系により充電電圧は一定に保たれる。低電圧充電時の充電電流は電池の充電状態によって決まり、次第に減少して満充電になると充電電流は流れなくなり、充電は完了する。
【0021】
また、充電中に充電器20の故障など何らかの問題により、充電電圧が過充電検出回路16で設定した過充電電圧より高くなると、コンパレータ161が動作する。ORゲート回路である遮断信号出力回路17は、複数の過電流検出回路16におけるいずれかのコンパレータ161が動作しても遮断信号を出力する。この信号により充電器20の過充電保護スイッチ24はオフ状態となって充電経路を遮断し、二次電池10への充電が強制的に停止される。この結果、いずれか1つの電池セル11が過充電であっても過充電保護スイッチ24を動作させることができ、二次電池の過充電を有効に回避することができる。また、過充電保護スイッチ24を充電器20に設けるので、過充電保護スイッチ24の発熱による二次電池10の劣化を防止できるとともに、従来必要とされた過充電保護スイッチ24の発する熱を別途外部に放散させるための放熱手段が不要になり、部品定数が減少して単純かつ小型の二次電池10を得ることができる。
【0022】
なお、この実施の形態では、過電流保護スイッチ24として、P−ch FETから成るものを使用したが、図4に示すように、過電流保護スイッチ34はN−ch FETから成るものを使用してもよい。この場合、図4のようにFET34aの前段にトランジスタ34bを用いて入力を反転させることによりそのFET34aの駆動電圧とすることができる。
また、この実施の形態では、過電流保護スイッチ24としてFETから成るものを使用したが、図5に示すように、過電流保護スイッチ44はリレー44aから成るものを使用してもよい。但し、この場合には、図5のようにリレー44aの前段にトランジスタ44bを用いてそのリレー44aを駆動するためのスイッチ回路44cを設ける必要がある。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明によれば、二次電池が、複数の電池セルと、それらの電池セルにそれぞれ接続された複数のセル電圧検出回路と、それらのセル電圧検出回路におけるいずれかの最大電圧を出力する最大電圧出力回路と、電池セルと、セル電圧検出回路と最大電圧出力回路を封入可能に構成された電池ケースとを備えたので、複数の電池セルにおけるそれぞれの電圧を別々に設けられたセル電圧検出回路により検出し、その最大電圧を最大電圧検出回路により出力することができる。
また、充電装置は、そのような二次電池と、その二次電池を充電する充電器からなり、充電器は最大電圧出力回路からの出力に応じて二次電池の充電を制御するので、二次電池における複数の電池セルのそれぞれにおける充電容量が異なる場合には、充電容量の小さな電池セルにおけるセル電圧が最大電圧出力回路から出力され、その出力に基づいて充電が制御されるので充電容量の小さな電池セルが過充電されることを回避することができる。
【0024】
ここで、複数の電池セルにそれぞれ接続された複数の過充電検出回路と、複数の過充電検出回路のそれぞれの検出出力が入力された遮断信号出力回路とを電池ケースに内蔵し、遮断信号出力回路の出力により二次電池の充電を遮断する過充電保護スイッチを充電器に設ければ、遮断信号出力回路が複数の過充電検出回路のいずれかの最大電圧が所定の値を超えたときに遮断信号を過充電保護スイッチに出力するように構成することにより、いずれか1つの電池セルが過充電であっても過充電保護スイッチを動作させることができる。また、過充電保護スイッチを充電器に設けるので、過充電保護スイッチの発熱による二次電池の劣化を防止できるとともに、従来必要とされた過充電保護スイッチの発する熱を別途外部に放散させるための放熱手段が不要になり、部品定数が減少して単純かつ小型の二次電池を得ることが可能になる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の二次電池を含む充電装置を示すブロック図。
【図2】その充電装置における定電圧充電回路の詳細図。
【図3】その充電装置における過充電防止システムの詳細図。
【図4】別の過充電防止スイッチの詳細図。
【図5】更に別の過充電防止スイッチの詳細図。
【図6】従来の充電装置を示す図1に対応するブロック図。
【符号の説明】
10 二次電池
11 電池セル
12 電池ケース
13 セル電圧検出回路
14 最大電圧出力回路
16 過充電検出回路
17 遮断信号出力回路
20 充電器
24 過充電保護スイッチ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a secondary battery chargeable by the charging device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a non-aqueous secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery is charged with a constant current and a constant voltage. In this charging method, when charging a secondary battery, constant current charging is performed at a preset current at the initial stage of charging, and when the secondary battery voltage reaches a certain set value, constant voltage charging is performed at the set voltage. In general, charging is performed until the battery is fully charged.
[0003]
In this way, non-aqueous secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries that perform constant voltage / constant current charging are significantly degraded in performance due to overcharging and are at risk of rupture. It is known to incorporate a charge protection circuit. As shown in FIG. 6, the conventional secondary battery 1 includes a single battery cell 2 and an overcharge protection circuit 3. The charger 4 that charges the secondary battery 1 includes a constant voltage charging circuit 5, a constant voltage detection circuit 6, and a constant current charging circuit 7. The overcharge protection circuit 3 of the secondary battery 1 includes a battery cell voltage detection circuit 3a, an overcharge detection circuit 3b, and a normally closed overcharge protection switch 3c. In such an overcharge protection circuit, the battery cell voltage detection circuit 3a monitors the battery cell voltage, compares it with the voltage value of the reference power supply 3d set to a certain value, and outputs the comparison value. This output is input to the overcharge detection circuit 3b, and is configured to control on / off of the protection switch 3c. Therefore, the overcharge protection circuit 3b turns off the protection switch 3c when the battery cell voltage becomes higher than a preset overcharge detection voltage due to overcharge or the like.
[0004]
However, when the charger 4 is connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode terminal of the secondary battery 1 for charging, the terminal voltage in the secondary battery 1 is incorporated in the battery cell due to the voltage drop of the overcharge protection circuit 3. The value is slightly higher than the actual voltage at 2. On the other hand, the charger 4 in the constant current / constant voltage charging described above performs constant voltage charging control by the constant voltage charging circuit 5 with the terminal voltage of the secondary battery 1 as the charging voltage by the constant voltage detection circuit 6. The cell 2 is charged with a voltage lower than the constant voltage charge value set by the charger 4. Thus, if the charging voltage is lower than the appropriate value, there is a problem that the total charging capacity is reduced. On the other hand, charging with a voltage higher than the appropriate value may cause deterioration of the battery and destruction. Therefore, there is a drawback that the charging voltage cannot be easily increased.
[0005]
In order to eliminate this point, the secondary battery detects the voltage in the battery cell itself contained in the secondary battery and controls the charging of the battery cell by the charger according to the actually detected voltage of the battery cell. A battery charging method has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-187586). In this secondary battery charging method, the charging of the secondary battery is controlled according to the actually detected voltage of the battery cell, so that the charging capacity can be improved and the charging time can be shortened. It is said.
On the other hand, in recent years, since secondary batteries such as lithium batteries can be reduced in size and weight, attempts have been made to increase the capacity of such secondary batteries. This lithium secondary battery is manufactured by enclosing a plurality of battery cells in a battery case, and the capacity can be increased by connecting the plurality of battery cells in series or in parallel.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in a secondary battery in which a plurality of battery cells are housed in a battery case, when charging is controlled according to the voltage across the plurality of battery cells connected in series, the charge capacity of each of the plurality of battery cells is different. However, there is a problem that a battery cell having a small charge capacity is overcharged, the life of the secondary battery is shortened by relatively high heat generation, and the performance of the secondary battery itself is extremely deteriorated.
Further, in the secondary battery charging method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-187586, when the overcharge protection switch is still built in the battery case and the overcharge protection switch is an FET or the like, There is also a problem that the charging current is limited by the allowable current of the built-in FET and the charging time is extended.
The objective of this invention is providing the secondary battery which can improve the charge capacity in the case of having the some battery cell connected in series, and can shorten the charge time.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention according to claim 1 has the same number of battery cells 11 connected in series as the number of battery cells 11 connected to the plurality of battery cells 11 and detecting the voltage of the battery cells 11. A cell voltage detection circuit 13; a maximum voltage output circuit 14 that is connected to detection outputs of all cell voltage detection circuits 13 and outputs a maximum voltage among voltages detected by all cell voltage detection circuits 13; and a plurality of batteries The same number of overcharge detection circuits 16 connected to each of the cells 11 to detect overcharge of the battery cells 11, and a cutoff signal output circuit 17 connected to the detection outputs of all the overcharge detection circuits 16, A battery case 12 enclosing a plurality of battery cells 11, a plurality of cell voltage detection circuits 13, a maximum voltage output circuit 14, the same number of overcharge detection circuits 16 and a cutoff signal output circuit 17 Provided, configured to output a blocking signal when either the maximum voltage of one battery cell 11 exceeds a predetermined value of the blocking signal output circuit 17 is a voltage detected in all of the over-charge detection circuit 16 It is the secondary battery characterized by being made.
In the secondary battery according to the first aspect, each voltage in the plurality of battery cells 11 is detected by the cell voltage detection circuit 13 provided separately, and the maximum voltage is output by the maximum voltage detection circuit 14.
[0008]
Then, charger 20 be configured to control the charging of the secondary battery 10 in accordance with the output from the maximum voltage output circuit 14, if the charge capacity of each of the plurality of battery cells 11 in the secondary battery 10 is different from In this case, since the cell voltage in the battery cell 11 with the smallest charge capacity is output from the maximum voltage output circuit 14, it is avoided that the battery cell 11 with the smallest charge capacity is overcharged, and heat is generated due to overcharge. By preventing this, the performance of the secondary battery can be improved.
[0009]
Further, the charger 20, lever includes overcharge protection switch 24 to cut off the charge of the plurality of battery cells 11 connected in series by the output of the blocking signal output circuit 17, any one of the battery cell 11 is overcharged Even so, the overcharge protection switch 24 can be operated. In addition, since the overcharge protection switch 24 is provided in the charger 20, it is possible to prevent the secondary battery 10 from being deteriorated due to the heat generated by the overcharge protection switch 24, and the heat generated by the overcharge protection switch 24, which has been conventionally required, is separately externally provided. The heat dissipation means for diffusing the battery is not necessary, the component constant is reduced, and a simple and small secondary battery 10 can be obtained.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the secondary battery charger of this embodiment includes a secondary battery 10 and a charger 20, and the secondary battery 10 is manufactured by enclosing a plurality of battery cells 11 in a battery case 12. It is done. In addition to the plurality of battery cells 11, the battery case 12 includes the same number of cell voltage detection circuits 13 connected to each of the plurality of battery cells 11 to detect the voltage of the battery cells 11, and all of these. The maximum voltage output circuit 14 that outputs the maximum voltage among the voltages detected by all the cell voltage detection circuits 13 connected to the output of the cell voltage detection circuit 13, and the battery cell 11 connected to each of the plurality of battery cells 11. The same number of overcharge detection circuits 16 as the number of battery cells 11 that detect the overcharge, and cutoff signal output circuits 17 connected to the detection outputs of all overcharge detection circuits 16 are enclosed.
[0011]
The battery case 12 is provided with a cell voltage output terminal 12c and a cut-off signal output terminal 12d as well as a positive terminal 12a and a negative terminal 12b for output and input. The plurality of battery cells 11 are connected in series, and both ends of the plurality of battery cells 11 connected in series are electrically connected to the positive terminal 12a and the negative terminal 12b. The detection output of the maximum voltage output circuit 14 is connected to the cell voltage detection terminal 12c, and the detection output of the cutoff signal output circuit 18 is connected to the cutoff signal output terminal 12d.
[0012]
FIG. 2 shows details of the plurality of cell voltage detection circuits 13 and the maximum voltage output circuit 14 in this embodiment. First, each of the plurality of cell voltage detection circuits 13 has the same structure, and one of them will be described as a representative. The cell voltage detection circuit 13 uses the battery cell voltage detection resistances RB1 and RB2 to divide the voltage in the single battery cell 11 and the voltage value of the high-precision reference power supply 18 as charging voltage detection resistors RB3 and RB4. And an error amplifier 132 for comparing the reference voltage value divided by resistance with the output of the error amplifier 132. The output of the error amplifier 132 is connected to a diode 141 constituting the maximum voltage output circuit 14. The gain of the error amplifier 132 is determined by the gain setting resistor RB7. The battery cell voltage detection resistors RB1 and RB2, the high-precision reference power supply 18, and the charge voltage detection resistors RB3 and RB4 are set so that the error amplifier 18 operates near the appropriate charge voltage of the battery cell 11.
[0013]
The maximum voltage output circuit 14 has the same number of diodes 141 as the number of cell voltage detection circuits 13 connected to the output side of the plurality of cell voltage detection circuits 13, and is configured by connecting all the diodes 141 in parallel. Is done. Since the maximum voltage output circuit 14 has the diodes 141 connected in parallel, the maximum voltage output circuit 14 is configured to output a voltage obtained by subtracting the voltage drop of the diode 141 from the maximum voltage of the detection outputs in all the cell voltage detection circuits 13. The
[0014]
FIG. 3 shows details of the plurality of overcharge detection circuits 16 and the cutoff signal output circuit 17 in this embodiment. The plurality of overcharge detection circuits 16 have the same structure, and a representative one will be described. The overcharge detection circuit 16 compares a battery cell voltage value resistance-divided by resistors RB1 and RB2 with a reference voltage value obtained by resistance-dividing the voltage value of the high-precision reference power supply 18 by overcharge detection resistors RB5 and RB6. 161, and their outputs are connected to the cutoff signal output circuit 17. Battery cell voltage detection resistors RB1 and RB2, high-precision reference power supply 18, and overcharge detection resistors RB5 and RB6 are configured to operate comparator 161 when the battery cell voltage reaches the overcharge voltage. Further, the cutoff signal output circuit 17 in this embodiment is an OR gate circuit, and is configured to output a cutoff signal when any of the comparators 161 in the plurality of overcurrent detection circuits 16 operates. Thus, the circuit can be simplified by sharing the cell voltage detection circuit 13 including the high-accuracy reference power supply 18 as a part of the overcharge detection circuit 16.
[0015]
Returning to FIG. 1, the housing case 21 of the charger 20 has a positive electrode charging terminal 21 a and a negative electrode charging terminal 21 b connected to the positive electrode terminal 12 a and the negative electrode terminal 12 b of the secondary battery 10. A cell voltage input terminal 21c connected to the cell voltage detection terminal 12c and a cutoff signal terminal 21d connected to the output terminal 12d of the cutoff signal output circuit 17 are provided. Then, the positive electrode charging terminal 21a and the negative electrode charging terminal 21b of the charger are connected to the positive electrode terminal 12a and the negative electrode terminal 12b of the secondary battery 10, and the cell voltage input terminal 21c is further connected to the cell voltage detection terminal 12c of the secondary battery. At the same time, the charger 20 and the secondary battery 10 are connected by connecting the cutoff signal terminal 12d to the output terminal 12d of the cutoff signal output circuit 17.
[0016]
On the other hand, the charger 20 has a low voltage charging circuit 22 for constant voltage charging, a low current charging circuit 23 for constant current charging, and an output of a cut-off signal output circuit 17 in the secondary battery 10 to output the secondary battery 10. An overcharge protection switch 24 that cuts off charging is incorporated. The constant voltage charging circuit 22 is configured to perform constant voltage charging using the output of the maximum voltage output circuit 17 of the secondary battery 10 output from the cell voltage detection terminal 12c through the cell voltage input terminal 21c as a feedback signal. The overcurrent protection switch 24 in this embodiment is a P-ch FET as shown in detail in FIG.
[0017]
FIG. 2 shows details of the constant voltage charging circuit 22 and the constant current charging circuit 23 in this embodiment. The constant current charging circuit 23 has an NPN type constant current control transistor QC1, and a constant current / constant voltage control resistor RC1 is connected between its base and emitter. Here, the constant current value by the constant current charging circuit 23 is determined by the base-emitter voltage of the transistor QC1 and the resistance value of the resistor RC1.
[0018]
On the other hand, the constant voltage charging circuit 22 includes an NPN type constant current / constant voltage control transistor QC2 and an NPN type constant voltage control transistor QC3 that drives the base thereof. A constant voltage / constant current control transistor drive resistor RC2 is connected between the bases, and a constant voltage control resistor RC3 is connected to the emitter of the constant voltage control transistor QC3. The base of the constant voltage control transistor QC3 is driven by the output of the maximum voltage output circuit 17 of the secondary battery 10 through the cell voltage input terminal 21c, and is constant at the charging voltage set based on the maximum voltage in any battery cell 11. Driven to be kept.
[0019]
Next, the charging operation by this charging device will be described. In the initial stage of charging, while the battery cell voltage is low, the output of the cell voltage detection circuit 13 (error amplifier 132) in the secondary battery is low, the constant voltage charging circuit 22 of the charger 20 does not operate, and the constant current charging circuit 23 Thus, constant current charging is performed. When charging progresses and the battery cell voltage reaches a preset charging voltage, the output of the cell voltage detection circuit 13 of the secondary battery 10 exceeds the voltage drop of the diode 141 in the maximum voltage output circuit 14. The maximum voltage output circuit 14 outputs a voltage obtained by subtracting the voltage drop of the diode 141 from any maximum voltage in the plurality of cell voltage detection circuits 13. The charger 20 drives the transistors QC3 and QC2 of the constant voltage charging circuit 22 based on this output, and constant voltage charging is performed.
[0020]
At this time, each voltage in the plurality of battery cells 11 is detected by the cell voltage detection circuit 13 provided separately, and the maximum voltage is output by the maximum voltage detection circuit 14. When the charge capacities of the battery cells 11 are different, when the cell voltage of the battery cell 11 having a small charge capacity rises above the set charge voltage, the output of the error amplifier 132 of the cell voltage detection circuit 13 rises. The cell voltage in the battery cell 11 is output from the maximum voltage output circuit 17, the base voltage of the transistor QC3 of the constant voltage charging circuit 22 of the charger 20 is increased, and the collector current is increased. As a result, the voltage drop due to the resistor RC2 increases, and the base voltage of the transistor QC2 is lowered, and the charging voltage is lowered. As a result, it is avoided that the battery cell 11 with a small charge capacity is overcharged, and the performance of the secondary battery can be improved by preventing heat generation due to overcharge. Conversely, when the battery cell voltage drops below the set voltage, the reverse operation is performed to increase the charging voltage. The charging voltage is kept constant by this series of feedback systems. The charging current at the time of low voltage charging is determined by the state of charge of the battery. When the charging current gradually decreases and becomes fully charged, the charging current stops flowing and the charging is completed.
[0021]
Further, when the charging voltage becomes higher than the overcharge voltage set by the overcharge detection circuit 16 due to some problem such as failure of the charger 20 during charging, the comparator 161 operates. The cutoff signal output circuit 17 that is an OR gate circuit outputs a cutoff signal even if any one of the comparators 161 in the plurality of overcurrent detection circuits 16 operates. With this signal, the overcharge protection switch 24 of the charger 20 is turned off to interrupt the charging path, and the charging of the secondary battery 10 is forcibly stopped. As a result, even if any one of the battery cells 11 is overcharged, the overcharge protection switch 24 can be operated, and the overcharge of the secondary battery can be effectively avoided. In addition, since the overcharge protection switch 24 is provided in the charger 20, it is possible to prevent the secondary battery 10 from being deteriorated due to the heat generated by the overcharge protection switch 24, and the heat generated by the overcharge protection switch 24, which has been conventionally required, is separately externally provided. The heat dissipation means for diffusing the battery is not necessary, the component constant is reduced, and a simple and small secondary battery 10 can be obtained.
[0022]
In this embodiment, the overcurrent protection switch 24 is made of a P-ch FET. However, as shown in FIG. 4, the overcurrent protection switch 34 is made of an N-ch FET. May be. In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, the drive voltage of the FET 34a can be obtained by inverting the input using the transistor 34b before the FET 34a.
In this embodiment, the overcurrent protection switch 24 is composed of an FET. However, as shown in FIG. 5, the overcurrent protection switch 44 may be composed of a relay 44a. However, in this case, as shown in FIG. 5, it is necessary to provide a switch circuit 44c for driving the relay 44a using the transistor 44b in the previous stage of the relay 44a.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the secondary battery includes a plurality of battery cells, a plurality of cell voltage detection circuits respectively connected to the battery cells, and any one of the cell voltage detection circuits. Since it has a maximum voltage output circuit that outputs the maximum voltage, a battery cell, and a battery case configured to enclose the cell voltage detection circuit and the maximum voltage output circuit, each voltage in a plurality of battery cells can be separately It can be detected by the provided cell voltage detection circuit, and the maximum voltage can be output by the maximum voltage detection circuit.
The charging device includes such a secondary battery and a charger that charges the secondary battery. The charger controls the charging of the secondary battery according to the output from the maximum voltage output circuit. When the charging capacity of each of the plurality of battery cells in the secondary battery is different, the cell voltage in the battery cell having a small charging capacity is output from the maximum voltage output circuit, and charging is controlled based on the output, so the charging capacity is It can be avoided that a small battery cell is overcharged.
[0024]
Here, a plurality of overcharge detection circuits connected to each of the plurality of battery cells and a cutoff signal output circuit to which the detection outputs of the plurality of overcharge detection circuits are input are incorporated in the battery case, and the cutoff signal output If the charger is provided with an overcharge protection switch that shuts off the charging of the secondary battery by the output of the circuit, when the maximum voltage of any of the multiple overcharge detection circuits exceeds a predetermined value By configuring the shut-off signal to be output to the overcharge protection switch, the overcharge protection switch can be operated even if any one of the battery cells is overcharged. In addition, since the overcharge protection switch is provided in the charger, it is possible to prevent the secondary battery from deteriorating due to the heat generated by the overcharge protection switch, and to dissipate the heat generated by the overcharge protection switch, which was conventionally required, to the outside. A heat dissipating means becomes unnecessary, and the component constant is reduced, so that a simple and small secondary battery can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a charging device including a secondary battery of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a detailed diagram of a constant voltage charging circuit in the charging device.
FIG. 3 is a detailed view of an overcharge prevention system in the charging apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a detailed view of another overcharge prevention switch.
FIG. 5 is a detailed view of still another overcharge prevention switch.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram corresponding to FIG. 1 showing a conventional charging device.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Secondary battery 11 Battery cell 12 Battery case 13 Cell voltage detection circuit 14 Maximum voltage output circuit 16 Overcharge detection circuit 17 Shutdown signal output circuit 20 Charger 24 Overcharge protection switch

Claims (1)

直列に接続された複数の電池セル(11)と、
前記複数の電池セル(11)のそれぞれに接続され前記電池セル(11)の電圧を検出する前記電池セル(11)と同数のセル電圧検出回路(13)と、
前記全てのセル電圧検出回路(13)の検出出力に接続され前記全てのセル電圧検出回路(13)において検出される電圧のうちの最大電圧を出力する最大電圧出力回路(14)と、
前記複数の電池セル(11)のそれぞれに接続され前記電池セル(11)の過充電を検出する前記電池セル(11)と同数の過充電検出回路(16)と、
前記全ての過充電検出回路(16)の検出出力に接続された遮断信号出力回路(17)と、
前記複数の電池セル(11)と前記複数のセル電圧検出回路(13)と前記最大電圧出力回路(14)と前記電池セル(11)と同数の過充電検出回路(16)と前記遮断信号出力回路(17)を封入する電池ケース(12)と
を備え、
前記遮断信号出力回路(17)は前記全ての過充電検出回路(16)において検出される電圧のうちのいずれか1つの電池セル (11) 最大電圧が所定の値を超えたときに遮断信号を出力するように構成された
ことを特徴とする二次電池。
A plurality of battery cells (11) connected in series;
The same number of cell voltage detection circuits (13) as the battery cells (11) connected to each of the plurality of battery cells (11) to detect the voltage of the battery cells (11),
A maximum voltage output circuit (14) that is connected to detection outputs of all the cell voltage detection circuits (13) and outputs a maximum voltage among the voltages detected by all the cell voltage detection circuits (13);
Overcharge detection circuits (16) as many as the battery cells (11) connected to each of the plurality of battery cells (11) to detect overcharge of the battery cells (11),
An interruption signal output circuit (17) connected to detection outputs of all the overcharge detection circuits (16);
The plurality of battery cells (11), the plurality of cell voltage detection circuits (13), the maximum voltage output circuit (14), the same number of overcharge detection circuits (16) as the battery cells (11), and the cutoff signal output. A battery case (12) enclosing the circuit (17), and
The cutoff signal output circuit (17) is a cutoff signal when the maximum voltage of any one of the battery cells (11) exceeds a predetermined value among the voltages detected by all the overcharge detection circuits (16). A secondary battery, characterized in that it is configured to output.
JP2002016291A 2002-01-25 2002-01-25 Secondary battery Expired - Fee Related JP4135366B2 (en)

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JP2005131770A (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Battery pack, power tool and power tool system
JP4092580B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2008-05-28 新神戸電機株式会社 Multi-series battery control system
US7307402B2 (en) * 2004-07-19 2007-12-11 Avestor Limited Partnership Method of charging alkali metal polymer batteries
JP4907113B2 (en) * 2005-07-05 2012-03-28 株式会社リコー Secondary battery charging system device
JP4788398B2 (en) * 2006-02-27 2011-10-05 パナソニック電工株式会社 Charger
US7471068B2 (en) * 2006-11-03 2008-12-30 Ivus Industries, Llc Ultra-fast ultracapacitor charging method and charger
CN101836174B (en) * 2007-10-25 2012-11-14 富士通株式会社 Power supply system and voltage monitoring method
JP5322486B2 (en) * 2008-04-18 2013-10-23 キヤノン株式会社 Charging system, charging device, and charging method
JP4766095B2 (en) * 2008-10-09 2011-09-07 ソニー株式会社 Charger
CN102967788B (en) * 2011-09-01 2015-07-22 比亚迪股份有限公司 Line broken detection circuit of battery and detection method thereof

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JP3249261B2 (en) * 1993-09-30 2002-01-21 三洋電機株式会社 Battery pack
JPH10295076A (en) * 1997-04-17 1998-11-04 Hitachi Ltd Power converter, battery charger using the same, and battery pack
JP3177955B2 (en) * 1997-12-19 2001-06-18 日本電気株式会社 Rechargeable battery charging method and charging system
JP3043704B2 (en) * 1998-03-02 2000-05-22 米沢日本電気株式会社 Overcharge / discharge prevention control method and apparatus for battery pack
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