JP4136598B2 - Sprayed light-shielding agent made of biodegradable resin emulsion - Google Patents
Sprayed light-shielding agent made of biodegradable resin emulsion Download PDFInfo
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- JP4136598B2 JP4136598B2 JP2002314120A JP2002314120A JP4136598B2 JP 4136598 B2 JP4136598 B2 JP 4136598B2 JP 2002314120 A JP2002314120 A JP 2002314120A JP 2002314120 A JP2002314120 A JP 2002314120A JP 4136598 B2 JP4136598 B2 JP 4136598B2
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- biodegradable resin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ハウス栽培あるいはトンネル栽培に使用する農業用フィルムに適用する遮光剤に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
ハウス栽培あるいはトンネル栽培に関し、夏場の農業用フィルムハウス内での作物の栽培において、ハウス内の室温の上昇を嫌う作物がある。そのような作物としてブドウ、みかん、梨、リンゴ、イチジク、柿、桃等が挙げられる。そのため、何らかの高温抑制手段をとる必要があるが、現在そのような手段として、遮光カーテンあるいは遮光性フィルムを敷く方法（例えば、特許文献１および２）、ハウスフィルムに石灰を噴霧する方法、および遮光用ペイントを農業用フィルムにスプレーで散布・塗工する方法（例えば、特許文献３に記載の塗料のスプレー）の３種類の方法が採用されている。
【０００３】
【特許文献１】
特開平３−１２７９３４号公報
【特許文献２】
実開平７−３０６４５号公報
【特許文献３】
特開２００２−１１９１４８号公報
【０００４】
これらのなかで、遮光カーテンあるいは遮光フィルムを敷く方法は、これらのカーテンまたはフィルムが高価であることより、より安価なものが要求されている。また、石灰を噴霧する方法は、安価であり、かつ簡便な方法ではあるが、効果の保持の耐久性が乏しい欠点を有している。そこで石灰の代わりに遮光用のペイントを使用し、農業用フィルムにスプレーで散布・塗工することが行われている。
【０００５】
この遮光用ペイントは合成樹脂エマルジョンであり、その組成は、樹脂、特にアクリル系樹脂、無機物、水および界面活性剤等となっている。したがって、この合成樹脂エマルジョンを農業用フィルムにスプレー散布した場合には、雨や使用後の水洗作業において、農業用フィルムハウスから流れ落ちるアクリル系樹脂が土中に浸透することとなり、環境への影響が問題視されてきている。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
したがって本発明は、農業用フィルムへ適用する遮光用ペイントとして、簡便に遮光効果が得られると共に、環境への影響のない合成樹脂エマルジョンを提供することを課題とする。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる課題を解決するための本発明は、農業用フィルムに適用する、生分解性樹脂、無機物および水を含有することを特徴とする生分解樹脂エマルジョンからなる吹付け遮光剤である。
【０００８】
すなわち本発明は、農業用フィルムに適用する遮光用水性エマルジョンとして従来から使用されてきているアクリル系樹脂に代え、生分解性樹脂を使用する点に一つの特徴を有するものである。また、かかる生分解性樹脂と共に含有される無機物により、簡単に遮光効果が得られ、当該生分解性樹脂がフィルムから流れ落ちた場合であっても、土中の微生物により容易に生分解されるため、環境への悪影響を軽減することができる点にまた一つの特徴を有するものである。
【０００９】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明が提供する農業用フィルムに適用する生分解樹脂エマルジョンからなる吹付け遮光剤において、エマルジョン中に含有される生分解性樹脂としては、種々のもの、例えば、脂肪族ポリエステル系生分解性樹脂、アセチルセルロース系生分解性樹脂、化学変性澱粉系生分解性樹脂、ポリアミノ酸系生分解性樹脂、ポリエステルポリカーボネート系生分解性樹脂等が挙げることができる。そのなかでも脂肪族ポリエステル系生分解性樹脂である脂肪族ポリエステルおよびその誘導体が特に好ましい。
【００１０】
より具体的には、生分解性樹脂である脂肪族ポリエステルおよびその誘導体としては、ポリ乳酸、ポリグリコール酸、ポリブチレンサクシネート、ポリエチレンサクシネート、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリプロピオラクトン、ポリブチロラクトン、ポリバレロラクトン、ポリブチレンサクシネートアジペート、ポリブチレンサクシネートテレフタレート、ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート、ポリブチレンサクシネートカーボネート、ポリヒドロキシブチレート、ポリヒドロキシバリレートおよびその誘導体を例示することができる。したがって、本発明で使用することができる生分解性エマルジョンとしては、これらの生分解性樹脂を含有する水性エマルジョンである。
【００１１】
一方、遮光性を確保するために添加される無機物としては、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化バリウム、タルク、マイカ、クレー、シリカ類、石灰、酸化チタン、チタン酸鉛、チタン酸カリウム、酸化ジルコン、硫化亜鉛、酸化アンチモン、鉛白、酸化マグネシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、酸化亜鉛、硫酸バリウム、および硫酸カルシウムなどを挙げることができ、これらの無機物は２種以上を併用して使用することもできる。
【００１２】
当該無機物は、本発明の生分解性樹脂エマルジョン中に含有され、農業フィルムにスプレー塗工され、遮光被膜を形成させることからみれば、その粒径は微細なものであることが好ましく、１０μｍ以下、好ましくは５μｍ以下である。１０μｍを超える粒径では、フィルム上にエマルジョンを塗工した場合にその保持性を確保するのが困難である。
【００１３】
また、無機物の添加量は、生分解性樹脂エマルジョンの固形分１００重量部に対して１０〜１，０００重量部添加するのがよい。１０重量部より少ないと充分な遮光効果を得ることができず、また１，０００重量部を超えると、エマルジョンをスプレー散布する際に目詰まりを生じ、好ましいものではない。
【００１４】
本発明の生分解性エマルジョンには、無機物の他に、さらに増粘剤、減粘剤、分散剤、界面活性剤等を添加することができる。
【００１５】
農業用フィルムへに対する本発明の生分解性エマルジョンの塗工量は、固形分として４〜５０ｇ／ｍ２程度が好ましい。４ｇ／ｍ２未満であると、充分な遮光効を得ることができない。また５０ｇ／ｍ２を超える場合には、塗工作業中に農業用フィルムから樹脂エマルジョンの落滴が生じ、好ましいものではない。
【００１６】
かくして、本発明の生分解性樹脂、無機物および水を含有する生分解樹脂エマルジョンからなる生分解性吹付け遮光剤は、農業用フィルム上にスプレー散布・塗工され、エマルジョン中に含有される無機物により簡便にその遮光効果が得られ、また、雨や使用後の水洗作業において、フィルムから流れ落ちた生分解性樹脂は、土中の微生物により容易に生分解されることから、環境への悪影響を軽減が図れることとなる。
【００１７】
【実施例】
以下に本発明を実施例および比較例により、より詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【００１８】
実施例１〜８：
下記表１に記載の処方により、本発明の生分解性樹脂エマルジョンを得た。得られた生分解性樹脂エマルジョンを、農業用ビニルハウスにスプレー塗工し、そのエマルジョンの吹付け性、遮光性および生分解性を評価し、その結果をあわせて表中に示した。
【００１９】
【表１】
＊１：プラセマＬ１１０：ポリ乳酸系エマルジョン（第一工業製薬社製）
＊２：ＥＺ−３０１：ビオノーレ系エマルジョン（昭和高分子社製）
＊３：炭酸カルシウムの粒径：１μｍ
＊４：炭酸カルシウムの粒径：１５μｍ
【００２１】
＊５：吹付け性は、以下の評価にしたがった。
○：吹付けの際、特に問題はない
×：吹付けの際、目詰まりが発生し、吹付けが困難である。
【００２２】
＊６：日射遮光率は、以下の測定により評価した。
自記分光光度計（日立３３０型）を用いて、６０Φ積分球を使用し、２００〜２６００ｎｍでの全光線透過率測定し、かつ、太陽からの日射エネルギーの波長依存性データをあわせ、素材によって遮断される日射エネルギーを基材がなく直接受ける日射エネルギーとの比で求めた。
○：日射遮光率が４０％以上
×：日射遮光率が４０％未満
【００２３】
＊７：生分解性
土中に埋設試験を行い、１年後における生分解性樹脂全体の重量減少率で評価した。
○：重量減少率が７０％以上
×：重量減少率が７０％未満
【００２４】
比較例１〜６：
上記実施例と同様に、下記表２に記載の処方により、比較例の樹脂エマルジョンを得た。得られた樹脂エマルジョンを、農業用ビニルハウスにスプレー塗工し、そのエマルジョンの吹付け性、遮光性および生分解性を評価し、その結果をあわせて表中に示した。
【００２５】
【表２】
表中の＊１〜＊７は、表１と同様である。
【００２７】
以上の実施例１〜８および比較例１〜６の結果からも明らかなように、本発明の生分解性樹脂エマルジョンは、良好な吹付け性、日射遮光性および生分解性を有するものであることが理解される。
これに対して比較例の樹脂エマルジョンにおいては、無機物を含有しないか、またはその含有量が少ないものでは遮光性を確保することができず、無機質を多量に含有するか、またはその無機質の粒径が大きな場合には、吹付けの際に目詰まりが生じ、吹付け自体が困難なものであることが理解される。
【００２８】
【発明の効果】
以上記載したように、本発明のハウス栽培あるいはトンネル栽培に使用する農業用フィルムに適用する生分解性樹脂エマルジョンである遮光剤は、生分解性樹脂、無機物および水を含有する生分解樹脂エマルジョンからなるものであり、炭酸カルシウム、石灰等の安価な無機質を生分解性樹脂エマルジョンに添加することで、簡便に遮光効果を得ることができる。
【００２９】
したがって、かかる生分解性樹脂エマルジョンを農業用フィルムに塗工することで、太陽光線等によるハウス内の昇温化を抑制することができる遮光・遮熱効果をフィルムに簡便に付与し得る利点を有している。
また、その遮光効果は従来の遮光カーテンのものと比較して安価に確保し得るものであり、さらに、従来の石灰噴霧法と比較してフィルム自体の耐久性が優れ、農業従事者に対して、多大な経費節減をもたらす利点を有している。
さらにまた、生分解性樹脂を使用した生分解性樹脂エマルジョンとしたことにより、従来のアクリル樹脂系エマルジョンと異なり、雨や使用後の水洗作業において、フィルムから流れ落ちた樹脂は、土中の微生物により容易に生分解されることから、環境への負荷を低減することができる利点を有している。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a light-shielding agent applied to an agricultural film used for house cultivation or tunnel cultivation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
With regard to house cultivation or tunnel cultivation, there are crops that do not like a rise in room temperature in a house in a summer agricultural film house. Such crops include grapes, tangerines, pears, apples, figs, strawberries, peaches and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to take some high temperature suppression means. Currently, as such means, a method of laying a light shielding curtain or a light shielding film (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2), a method of spraying lime on a house film, and light shielding Three types of methods have been adopted: a method of spraying and coating a paint for agriculture on an agricultural film by spraying (for example, spraying a paint described in Patent Document 3).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-127934 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-30645 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-119148
Among these, the method of laying a light-shielding curtain or a light-shielding film is required to be cheaper because these curtains or films are expensive. Moreover, although the method of spraying lime is inexpensive and simple, it has a drawback that durability of effect retention is poor. Therefore, a shading paint is used instead of lime, and spraying and coating is carried out on agricultural films by spraying.
[0005]
This shading paint is a synthetic resin emulsion, and its composition is a resin, particularly an acrylic resin, an inorganic substance, water, a surfactant, and the like. Therefore, when this synthetic resin emulsion is sprayed on agricultural films, the acrylic resin that flows down from the agricultural film house penetrates into the soil during rain and washing operations after use, which has an impact on the environment. It has been regarded as a problem.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a synthetic resin emulsion that can easily provide a light-shielding effect and has no influence on the environment as a light-shielding paint applied to an agricultural film.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention for solving this problem is a sprayed light-shielding agent comprising a biodegradable resin emulsion characterized by containing a biodegradable resin, an inorganic substance and water, which are applied to agricultural films.
[0008]
That is, the present invention has one feature in that a biodegradable resin is used in place of the acrylic resin that has been conventionally used as an aqueous emulsion for shading applied to agricultural films. In addition, the inorganic substance contained together with the biodegradable resin can easily obtain a light shielding effect, and even when the biodegradable resin flows down from the film, it is easily biodegraded by microorganisms in the soil. Another feature is that the adverse effects on the environment can be reduced.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the sprayed light-shielding agent comprising a biodegradable resin emulsion applied to an agricultural film provided by the present invention, various biodegradable resins contained in the emulsion, for example, aliphatic polyester-based biodegradable resins And acetylcellulose biodegradable resin, chemically modified starch biodegradable resin, polyamino acid biodegradable resin, polyester polycarbonate biodegradable resin, and the like. Of these, aliphatic polyesters and derivatives thereof which are aliphatic polyester-based biodegradable resins are particularly preferable.
[0010]
More specifically, the aliphatic polyester that is a biodegradable resin and its derivatives include polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polybutylene succinate, polyethylene succinate, polycaprolactone, polypropiolactone, polybutyrolactone, and polyvalerolactone. And polybutylene succinate adipate, polybutylene succinate terephthalate, polybutylene adipate terephthalate, polybutylene succinate carbonate, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxyvalerate and derivatives thereof. Therefore, the biodegradable emulsion that can be used in the present invention is an aqueous emulsion containing these biodegradable resins.
[0011]
On the other hand, inorganic substances added to ensure light-shielding properties include calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, talc, mica, clay, silicas, lime, titanium oxide, lead titanate, titanium Examples include potassium acid, zircon oxide, zinc sulfide, antimony oxide, lead white, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, zinc oxide, barium sulfate, and calcium sulfate. These inorganic substances are used in combination of two or more. You can also.
[0012]
The inorganic substance is contained in the biodegradable resin emulsion of the present invention, spray-coated on an agricultural film, and preferably has a fine particle size from the viewpoint of forming a light-shielding film. The thickness is preferably 5 μm or less. When the particle diameter exceeds 10 μm, it is difficult to ensure the retention when an emulsion is applied on the film.
[0013]
Moreover, the addition amount of the inorganic substance is preferably 10 to 1,000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid content of the biodegradable resin emulsion. When the amount is less than 10 parts by weight, a sufficient light shielding effect cannot be obtained. When the amount exceeds 1,000 parts by weight, clogging occurs when spraying the emulsion, which is not preferable.
[0014]
In addition to inorganic substances, the biodegradable emulsion of the present invention may further contain a thickener, a thickener, a dispersant, a surfactant and the like.
[0015]
The coating amount of the biodegradable emulsion of the present invention on an agricultural film is preferably about 4 to 50 g / m 2 as a solid content. If it is less than 4 g / m 2 , sufficient light shielding effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when it exceeds 50 g / m 2 , the resin emulsion drops from the agricultural film during the coating operation, which is not preferable.
[0016]
Thus, the biodegradable spray shading agent comprising the biodegradable resin, the inorganic substance and the water-containing biodegradable resin emulsion of the present invention is sprayed and coated on the agricultural film, and the inorganic substance contained in the emulsion. The light-shielding effect can be obtained more easily, and the biodegradable resin that has flowed down from the film in the rain and after-use water washing operations can be easily biodegraded by microorganisms in the soil, which has an adverse effect on the environment. Mitigation can be achieved.
[0017]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples and comparative examples below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0018]
Examples 1-8:
The biodegradable resin emulsion of the present invention was obtained according to the formulation shown in Table 1 below. The obtained biodegradable resin emulsion was spray-coated on an agricultural vinyl house, and the sprayability, light shielding property and biodegradability of the emulsion were evaluated. The results are also shown in the table.
[0019]
[Table 1]
* 1: Prasema L110: Polylactic acid emulsion (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.)
* 2: EZ-301: Bionore emulsion (manufactured by Showa Polymer Co., Ltd.)
* 3: Calcium carbonate particle size: 1 μm
* 4: Calcium carbonate particle size: 15 μm
[0021]
* 5: The sprayability was in accordance with the following evaluation.
○: No particular problem in spraying ×: Clogging occurs during spraying, making spraying difficult.
[0022]
* 6: The solar shading rate was evaluated by the following measurement.
Using a self-recording spectrophotometer (Hitachi 330 type), using 60Φ integrating sphere, measuring total light transmittance at 200-2600nm, and combining the wavelength dependence data of solar radiation energy from the sun, blocking by material The solar radiation energy obtained was determined by the ratio of the solar radiation energy received directly without the base material.
○: Solar shading rate is 40% or more ×: Solar shading rate is less than 40% [0023]
* 7: An embedding test was conducted in biodegradable soil, and the weight reduction rate of the entire biodegradable resin after one year was evaluated.
○: Weight reduction rate is 70% or more ×: Weight reduction rate is less than 70%
Comparative Examples 1-6:
In the same manner as in the above Examples, a resin emulsion of Comparative Example was obtained by the formulation shown in Table 2 below. The obtained resin emulsion was spray-coated on an agricultural vinyl house, and the sprayability, light shielding property and biodegradability of the emulsion were evaluated, and the results are shown in the table.
[0025]
[Table 2]
* 1 to * 7 in the table are the same as in Table 1.
[0027]
As is clear from the results of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 described above, the biodegradable resin emulsion of the present invention has good sprayability, solar shading, and biodegradability. It is understood.
On the other hand, the resin emulsion of the comparative example does not contain an inorganic substance, or if the content is small, the light shielding property cannot be ensured, and the inorganic emulsion contains a large amount of inorganic substance or the particle size of the inorganic substance. When is large, it is understood that clogging occurs during spraying, and spraying itself is difficult.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the light-shielding agent that is a biodegradable resin emulsion applied to the agricultural film used for house cultivation or tunnel cultivation of the present invention is a biodegradable resin, an inorganic substance, and a biodegradable resin emulsion containing water. By adding an inexpensive inorganic substance such as calcium carbonate or lime to the biodegradable resin emulsion, a light shielding effect can be easily obtained.
[0029]
Therefore, by coating such a biodegradable resin emulsion on an agricultural film, there is an advantage that the film can be easily provided with a light-shielding / heat-shielding effect that can suppress the temperature rise in the house due to sunlight or the like. Have.
In addition, its shading effect can be ensured at a lower cost compared to that of the conventional shading curtain, and further, the durability of the film itself is superior to that of the conventional lime spraying method. Has the advantage of bringing significant cost savings.
Furthermore, by using a biodegradable resin emulsion that uses a biodegradable resin, unlike conventional acrylic resin emulsions, the resin that has flowed out of the film in the rain or after washing is washed away by microorganisms in the soil. Since it is easily biodegraded, it has the advantage that the burden on the environment can be reduced.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002314120A JP4136598B2 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2002-10-29 | Sprayed light-shielding agent made of biodegradable resin emulsion |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002314120A JP4136598B2 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2002-10-29 | Sprayed light-shielding agent made of biodegradable resin emulsion |
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| JP4136598B2 true JP4136598B2 (en) | 2008-08-20 |
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| EP4294884A1 (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2023-12-27 | Lumiforte Holding B.V. | Biodegradable shading paint |
| JP7552826B1 (en) | 2023-03-28 | 2024-09-18 | ａｒｔｉｅｎｃｅ株式会社 | Sprays and resin sheets |
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| JPS56104345U (en) * | 1980-01-16 | 1981-08-14 | ||
| JPH03187322A (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-08-15 | Rika Kamaike | Temperature-controlling agent in house horticulture |
| JPH09107808A (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 1997-04-28 | Fujimori Kogyo Kk | Biodegradable plastic sheet for agriculture |
| JP3439621B2 (en) * | 1996-04-18 | 2003-08-25 | 三井化学株式会社 | Aliphatic polyester coated film |
| JP3616465B2 (en) * | 1996-10-01 | 2005-02-02 | ミヨシ油脂株式会社 | Biodegradable emulsion |
| JP3069776B2 (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 2000-07-24 | アイオン株式会社 | Shading material |
| JPH1118588A (en) * | 1997-07-04 | 1999-01-26 | Unitika Ltd | Agricultural nonwoven sheet |
| JP2001045883A (en) * | 1999-08-09 | 2001-02-20 | Achilles Corp | Polyolefin synthetic resin film for agriculture |
| JP2001145428A (en) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-05-29 | Mikuni Color Ltd | Multi-sheet forming composition and forming method |
| JP2001157519A (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-12 | Nippon Technical System Kk | Light absorbing coating material for agricultural products and coating method thereof |
| JP2002119148A (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2002-04-23 | Kansai Paint Co Ltd | Environmental control method in plant growing house |
| JP4560949B2 (en) * | 2000-11-20 | 2010-10-13 | 御国色素株式会社 | Multi sheet forming material spray |
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