JP4141449B2 - Widening shield machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a widening type shield machine capable of excavating a widened section with an expanded excavation width while excavating a standard section tunnel.

Conventionally, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a shield machine that excavates a widened section during excavation of a standard section tunnel. In this shield machine, a sub-cutter head is provided in a recessed portion formed on a side surface of the main body block so as to be able to be retracted outward.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-280865

  However, in patent document 1, since the recessed part is exposed, 1) It becomes a propulsion resistance at the time of excavation of a standard cross section, and excavation performance falls. 2) There is a risk that the natural ground collapses and collapses in the space between the sub-cutter head in the recessed portion. 3) At the time of excavation of the standard cross section, there is a possibility that the filler filled around the main body block enters and fills the recessed portion and the cutter head does not operate. During widening excavation, 4) the secondary cutter head is large and does not have a hood, so there is a risk that the ground will collapse in the space where the secondary cutter head protrudes. 5) If excessive debris remaining in the recess when the sub cutter head is retracted bites into the cutter head, it may not be able to retract. 6) When excavating the wide section at the same time as excavating the standard section, there is a problem that a radial load is generated and it becomes difficult to control the excavation posture of the main body block.

  An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and to provide a widening type shield machine capable of stably excavating a widened cross section without increasing propulsion resistance and preventing collapse of a natural ground.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a first cutter head disposed at the front portion of the shield body and excavating a standard section, and a second cutter head exiting and retracting outward from the trunk section of the shield body and excavating a widened section. a widening type shield machine equipped with a preparative, and widening the opening formed in the body portion of the shield body, a cutter housing chamber which is closed by a rear plate extending rearward from the widened opening, the cutter housing A retractable block having a second cutter head on the front surface in the retracting direction, which is disposed so as to be freely retractable outward from the chamber through the widening opening ; An exit / exit seal device for preventing intrusion, a guide cylinder extending rearward from the back surface of the exit / exit block and projecting through a guide hole formed in the back plate of the cutter storage chamber, and the guide hole and the guide cylinder Stop the gap A Department sealing device, the guide cylinder, projecting and retracting capable projecting and retracting jack coupled thereto are arranged projecting and retracting block between the reaction force receiving member and projecting and retracting block provided on the back plate of the cutter housing chamber And an opening / closing shutter device having an opening / closing member that can freely open and close the widening opening.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the opening / closing shutter device is expanded by the fluid pressure when the opening / closing member is opened and closed, and is pressed against the opening / closing member to be sealed, and the pressure is reduced during the opening / closing operation to eliminate the pressure contact with the opening / closing member. An open / close seal device having a tube seal is provided, connected to an exit / retreat block and opened to the front surface portion, and fluid can be supplied into the cutter storage chamber at the front portion of the second cutter head to increase the internal pressure. A fluid supply pipe is provided that allows fluid to be supplied to and discharged from the earth and sand excavated by a two-cutter head .

According to a third aspect of the invention, the projecting and retracting block, a fluid discharge pipe which exits exhaust the earth and sand excavated by the second cutter head provided on the rear side of the projecting and retracting block cutter housing chamber, by supplying water or air A pipe for increasing the internal pressure is provided, and a filler inlet for supplying the filler to the widened cross section is provided in the shield body.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the second cutter head is constituted by one or a plurality of cutters capable of excavating a tunnel having a rectangular cross section.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the withdrawal block is protruded from the cutter storage chamber toward the ground via the widening opening, and the widening section is excavated by the second cutter head provided in front of the withdrawal block. Therefore, the widened section can be safely excavated while the landslide earth pressure is reliably maintained. Further, since the widening opening can be opened and closed by the opening / closing shutter device, the propulsion resistance does not increase when the standard cross section is dug, and the attitude control of the shield body can be stably performed. Furthermore, water can be effectively stopped from the widened opening to the inside of the shield body by the exit / retreat seal device and the tube portion seal device.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the opening / closing seal device having the tube seal can prevent wear damage due to earth and sand adhering to the outer surface of the opening / closing member, and reduce the power when opening / closing the opening / closing member. be able to.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the rectangular section is excavated by the second cutter head, it is possible to reduce the amount of excavation of the extra widened section other than installing the widened segment. Thereby, the embedding material between a widening segment and a natural ground can be reduced, and widening excavation can be performed efficiently.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[Embodiment 1]
As shown in FIG. 1, this shield machine excavates, for example, a circular standard section (tunnel) Ts using the first cutter head 5 and covers it with an erector device (not shown) at the rear of the shield machine. The standard segment Ss, which is a work body, is assembled in the standard cross section Ts and dug. Then, when reaching the widening position, the excavation of the standard section Ts is stopped during excavation, the second cutter head 11 excavates one side projecting from the standard section Ts, and the filler is injected into the widened section Tw. Then, the excavation and stop of the standard cross section Ts and the wide cross section Tw are repeated, and the widening section Sw incorporated in the standard segment Ss by the erector device at the wide cross section Tw position is used by using the extrusion jack 43 shown in FIGS. Thus, the widened segment Sw is projected toward the widened section Tw, and at the same time, the filler is allowed to flow into the segments Ss and Sw to install the widened segment Sw in the widened section Tw.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in the shield machine, a pressure bulkhead 2 is formed in the front part of the cylindrical shield body 1, and a pressure chamber 3 for holding the face collapse earth pressure is formed in the front part. At the same time, an air chamber 4 is formed in the rear part. A first cutter head 5 for excavating a standard cross section in front of the pressure chamber 3 is supported on the pressure partition 2 so as to be rotatable about a shield axis O.

  The pressure bulkhead 2 is provided with an annular support 6 centered on the shield axis O, and the first cutter head 5 is supported via support legs 5a suspended from the annular support 6 at predetermined angles. Has been. The annular support 6 is supported on the skin plate 1a via a swivel bearing 6a and an annular seat 2a. The swivel bearing 6a is a rotation ring fixed on the back surface of the annular support 6 and the annular seat 2a. Consists of a cradle.

  A first cutter driving device 7 is provided at the rear portion of the pressure bulkhead 2. The first cutter driving device 7 includes a ring gear 7a fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the rotating ring of the swivel bearing 6a, and a ring gear. A plurality of pinions 7b meshed with 7a, and a first cutter drive motor (hydraulic or electric) 7c attached to the annular wall portion 2a and rotationally driving the pinions 7b, respectively. Reference numeral 9 denotes a propulsion jack provided at the rear of the shield body 1, which propels the shield body 1 using the segments Ss and Sw assembled by an elector device (not shown) as a reaction force receiver. Although not shown, a main mud pipe and a main mud pipe for discharging excavated earth and sand are connected to the pressure partition wall 2, respectively.

  A widening excavation part 10 having a second cutter head 11 is provided at an intermediate position of the left side part (one side part) of the skin plate (body part) 1a of the shield body 1 in the direction of excavation. The widening excavation part 10 has a vertically wide rectangular widening opening 12 which is elongated in the circumferential direction on the left side of the skin plate 1a. The widening excavation part 10 communicates with the widening opening 12 and has a cutter storage chamber 13 in the shield body 1. Is formed. In this cutter storage chamber 13, an exit / retreat block 14 having a second cutter head 11 on the front surface in the exit / retreat direction and an exit / retreat block 14 can be withdrawn / retracted through the widening opening 12. Then, a cutter retracting device 15 for excavating the widened section Tw by putting the second cutter head 11 in and out through the widened opening 12 is provided. Further, an open / close shutter device 16 that can open and close the widened opening 12 is provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the doorway block 14 includes a front surface portion 14a having a center step front surface 14f and upper and lower step rear surfaces 14r and 14r, left and right side surfaces 14b and 14b, and upper and lower surface portions 14c. , 14c and a back surface portion 14d, and three cylindrical guide tubes 17A to 17C extending rearward at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction protrude from the back surface portion 14d.

  The cutter storage chamber 13 has upper and lower plate portions 13a and 13b, left and right side plates 13c and 13c, and a back plate 13d, and the retractable block 14 is externally fitted through the retractable seal device 31 of FIG. The guide cylinders 18A to 18A, in which the guide cylinders 17A to 17C are slidably fitted to the back plate 13d via the cylinder seal devices 32 shown in FIG. 18C is provided. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 7, the cutter retracting device 15 has reaction force receiving members 15 b attached to a plurality of support rods 15 a extending from the back plate 14 d corresponding to the upper and lower guide holes 18. A plurality (three in the figure) of hydraulic retractable jacks 15c are connected between the receiving member 15b and the back surface portion 14d through the upper and lower guide cylinders 17A and 17C. In addition, a mud pipe (fluid supply pipe) 34 is connected and opened from the intermediate guide cylinder 17B through the back surface part 14d to the upper stage rear face 14r to supply mud water (fluid) to the second cutter head 11, and the lower stage rear face A mud discharge pipe (fluid discharge pipe) 35 connected to 14r passes through the back surface portion 14d and is led out from the intermediate guide cylinder 17B to discharge the earth and sand excavated by the second cutter head 2 through the muddy water. It is configured as follows. This intermediate guide cylinder 17B is used for introducing hydraulic pipes for driving the cutter, power cables and signal cables, and for entering and leaving workers for maintenance and inspection, in addition to the supply and discharge mud pipes 34 and 35.

  The exit / retreat seal device 31 is provided with a bearing metal material 31b on the back side and a dust seal material 31a for preventing the intrusion of earth and sand particles and protecting the bearing metal material 31b on the inlet side. Moreover, the cylinder part sealing apparatus 32 is comprised by the pressure | voltage resistant sealing material 32a of the entrance side, and the bearing metal material 32b of the back | inner side. Reference numeral 19 denotes a pressure adjusting / cleaning pipe for supplying water or air to the back side of the exit / retreat block 14 of the cutter storage chamber 13.

  Each of the second cutter heads 11 is composed of a total of four spoke cutters 21 that excavate a rectangular cross section. The second cutter head 11 includes two units disposed on the step front surface 14f, an upper step rear surface 14r, and a lower step rear surface 14r. It is considered that the storage space of the cutter storage chamber 13 can be reduced by arranging each along the curved cross section of the skin plate 1a.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, the four second cutter driving devices 20 for excavating a rectangular cross section by rotating each of the spoke cutters 21 rotate around the excavation rotation axis O1 along the retracting direction. A revolution body 22 to be driven, a rotation axis (rotation body) 23 rotated around an eccentric axis E eccentric from the excavation rotation axis O1, and three rotations provided on the rotation axis 23 within a ruler triangle. A spoke-type cutter 21 having three spokes protruding to the top position and a second cutter rotating mechanism 24 that rotationally drives the spoke-type cutter 21, and the rotational speed of the revolution body 22 by the second cutter rotating mechanism 24. Is rotated in the reverse direction at three times the rotational speed of the rotation shaft 23 and is configured to excavate rectangular sections by the spoke cutter 21. The second cutter rotating mechanism 24 includes a hydraulic second cutter drive motor 24c that rotationally drives an internal gear driven gear 24a provided on the revolution body 22 via a drive pinion 24b, and a revolution body 22 provided on the rotation shaft 23. And the planetary gear 24e meshing with the internal gear 24d. Then, depending on the gear ratio of the internal gear 24d and the planetary gear 24e, the revolution speed of the revolution body 22 is rotated so as to be in the opposite direction at three times the rotation speed of the rotation shaft 23.

  The opening / closing shutter device 16 has a watertight chamber 26 formed in the shield body 1 in front of the widening opening 12, and is slidable along the shield axis O direction between the watertight chamber 26 and the widening opening 12. An open / close door (open / close member) 27 having an arcuate cross section capable of closing the widened opening 12 is disposed. A plurality of hydraulic slide jacks 28 serving as opening / closing drive devices for the opening / closing door 27 are connected to the space portion of the opening / closing door 27 between the fixing member of the watertight chamber 26 and the opening / closing door 27. Reference numeral 29 denotes an internal pressure adjusting pipe used for adjusting the internal pressure of the watertight chamber 26 or cleaning it.

  As shown in FIG. 9, an open / close seal device 33 is provided between the skin plate 1a around the widening opening 12 and the open / close door 27. The open / close seal device 33 is arranged on the inner peripheral portion of the skin plate 1a. A dust seal material 33a that is provided and is always in sliding contact with the outer surface of the open / close door 27, and a tube seal material 33b disposed on the outer peripheral portion. The tube seal material 33b is supplied by pressurized air (fluid pressure) supplied from an air supply pump (fluid supply source) 36 through an air pipe 37 when the open / close door 27 is stopped at the time of opening and closing. The opening and closing door 27 is expanded and pressed and sealed, and when the opening and closing operation is performed, the operation valve 38 is operated so that pressurized air is discharged and decompressed so that the pressure contact with the opening and closing door 27 is eliminated. It is configured. Thereby, the abrasion damage by the earth and sand adhering to the outer surface of the opening-and-closing door 27 can be prevented beforehand, and the power at the time of opening and closing can be reduced.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of filler injection holes 8 for supplying filler to the widened cross section Tw after excavation to prevent the collapse of the earth and sand are formed in the skin plate 1a at the rear of the widened opening 12. Has been.

  The filler is required to have a certain fluidity in order to smoothly flow into the segments Ss and Sw during the extrusion of the widened segment Sw described later. However, if the fluidity is too high, sufficient stability of the natural ground is obtained. Since it cannot be achieved, a certain degree of plasticity is also required. Furthermore, materials and properties that are difficult to mix with muddy water for discharging soil during excavation are desirable. For example, there is a plastic fluidizing material mainly composed of bennite, water glass, cement and the like. In addition, muddy water and mud can also be used as a highly fluid material depending on their properties.

  In the rear part of the shield machine, when the widened portion is reached with the excavation, the standard segment Ss and the widened segment Sw are assembled in a ring shape by the erector device. The standard segment Ss and the widened segment Sw are connected and integrated by bolts and nuts, and the widened segment Sw is in contact with the standard segment Ss adjacent in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. S1 is formed long and a bolt hole S2 is formed in the contact surface S1. In addition, a wife wall S3 is formed on the surface adjacent to the shield axis O direction to prevent water leakage when widening is projected. Further, the widening segment Sw is formed with an inlet (not shown) through which a filler is introduced when being extruded into the widened section Tw, and the inlet has an opening / closing mechanism.

  As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the widening extrusion device 41 for extruding the widening segment Sw into the widening section Tw is provided in the horizontal direction corresponding to the shape holding column 42 in the vertical direction and the sliding surface S1. A plurality of push-out jacks 43 are installed on a cart (not shown) that is movable in the direction of the shield axis O.

The excavation method of the wide type shield machine with the above configuration will be described with reference to FIG.
The shield machine started from the starting pit is excavated by the first cutter head 5 with the standard cross section Ts, and the standard segment Ss is assembled by the erector device at the rear part of the shield body 1 and then the digging is carried out [FIG. ]].

  When the shield machine reaches the widening position, the excavation is stopped and the opening / closing door 27 is opened by the opening / closing shutter device 16 to open the widening opening 12. At this time, in the open / close seal device 33, the tube seal material 33b is decompressed and only the dust seal material 33a is slidably contacted. In addition, by supplying muddy water from the mud pipe 34 into the cutter storage chamber 13 in the front part of the exit / retreat block 14 to increase the internal pressure, the soil pressure on the natural ground side and the pressure difference in the cutter storage chamber 13 are reduced, The open / close door 27 can be opened and closed smoothly, and rapid pressure fluctuations can be prevented to prevent inflow of earth and sand and collapse of natural ground.

  Next, the spoke cutters 11 are rotationally driven by the second cutter driving device 20, and the retracting / retracting block 14 is projected by the retracting jack 15 c of the cutter retracting device 15. At this time, a pressure adjusting fluid is supplied from the pipe 19 to the back side of the cutter storage chamber 13. Then, the retractable block 14 is protruded, the spoke cutter 21 is protruded from the cutter storage chamber 13 to the natural ground via the widening opening 12, and each of the spoke cutters 21 excavates a rectangular cross section to obtain the widened cross section Tw. Excavate. At this time, excavated soil is accompanied by the mud supplied from the mud pipe 34 and is discharged from the mud pipe 35 into the shield body 1.

  When the excavation is completed, the retracting jack 15c of the second cutter retracting device 19 is contracted to retract the retracting block 14, and the second cutter head 11 is retracted to the cutter storage chamber 13, and filling is performed from the filler inlet 8. When the mud is discharged from the mud pipe 35 while supplying the material to the widened section, and the mud of the widened section Tw is replaced with the filler, the opening / closing door 27 is closed by the opening / closing shutter device 16 to open the widening opening 12. close. At this time, in the open / close seal device 33, the tube seal material 33b is decompressed and only the dust seal material 33a is slidably contacted as in the open state.

  Next, excavation by the first cutter head 5 is resumed to excavate the standard section Ts, and excavation is performed by a distance corresponding to the width in the direction of the shield axis O of the widened section Tw excavated last time by the second cutter head 11 and stopped. Further, the above-described widening excavation is performed [FIG. 16B].

  In this way, the excavation operation of the widened section Tw and the standard section Ts is repeated, and the widened section Tw is extended in the direction of the shield axis O. When the segment assembly position by the erector device reaches the widened cross section Tw, the widened segment Sw is incorporated into the corresponding portion of the widened cross section Tw of the standard segment Ss. And the widening extrusion apparatus 41 is installed in the segment Ss in which the widening segment Sw was integrated.

  Further, when the widened segment Sw is opposed to the widened cross section Tw at the rear of the predetermined distance, the connecting bolts and nuts are removed, and the widened segment Sw is pushed out toward the widened cross section Tw by the plurality of extrusion jacks 17 [FIG. 16 (c)]. At this time, the filler in the widened cross section Tw flows into the segments Ss and Sw from the inflow port S4. Then, the extruded widened segment Sw is fixed to the standard segment Ss by bolts and nuts.

  According to the above-described embodiment, the withdrawal block 14 is protruded from the cutter storage chamber 13 toward the ground via the widening opening 12, and widened by the second cutter head 11 provided on the front surface of the withdrawal block 14. Since the section Tw is excavated, the widened section Tw can be excavated safely while the landslide collapse earth pressure is reliably maintained. Further, since the widening opening 12 can be opened and closed by the opening / closing shutter device 16, the propulsion resistance does not increase when the standard cross section Ts is dug, and the attitude control of the shield body 1 can be performed stably.

  In addition, since the opening / closing seal device 33 is provided in the opening / closing shutter device 16 and the exit / retreat seal device 31 is provided between the cutter housing chamber 13 and the exit / retreat block 14, water can be effectively stopped from the wide opening 12 into the shield body. Can be done.

  Further, the muddy water supplied from the mud pipe 34 can be well discharged from the mud pipe with the excavated earth and sand of the second cutter head 11. Further, when the retracting block 14 is retracted, the filler is filled into the widened section from the filler inlet 8 so that the earth pressure can be well supported and the face can be prevented from collapsing.

  Furthermore, since the second cutter head 11 excavates a rectangular cross section with the spoke cutter 21, it is possible to reduce an excessive excavation amount of the widened cross section Tw. Thereby, the embedding material between the widening segment Sw installed in the widening cross section Tw and the natural ground can be reduced, and widening excavation can be performed efficiently.

  In the above embodiment, the fluid for discharging the earth and sand is mud and separated as the filler for filling the widened section Tw after excavation. However, by using high-density mud, mud, or other fluids, It can also be used as a filler. In this case, after the excavation of the widened section Tw, the supply of fluid from the mud pipe 35 is stopped, and if necessary, mud water or the like is supplied from the mud pipe 34 or the filler inlet 8 to within the widened section Tw. After the muddy water pressure is increased to the collapsed earth pressure, the widening opening 12 may be closed by the opening / closing shutter device 14. If the muddy water supply from the mud pipe 34 is sufficient, the filler inlet 8 can be eliminated. This also eliminates the problem of mixing the sediment discharge fluid and filler.

1 is an overall perspective view showing an embodiment of a widening shield machine according to the present invention. It is a whole plane sectional view of the widening type shield machine. It is a whole side view of the widening type shield machine. It is an expanded side sectional view which shows the cutter storage chamber of the same wide type shield machine. It is a plane sectional view showing the cutter storage room. It is an enlarged front view which shows the wide opening part and a 2nd cutter head. It is an enlarged rear view which shows the cutter storage chamber. It is a partially expanded side sectional view showing the second cutter head. It is the A section enlarged view shown in FIG. It is the B section enlarged view shown in FIG. It is an expanded side sectional view showing the 2nd cutter head projection state. It is an expanded plane sectional view which shows the 2nd cutter head protrusion state. It is a front view which shows the widening extrusion apparatus which extrudes a widening segment. It is a front view which shows the extrusion state of the widening segment by the widening extrusion apparatus. It is a perspective view which shows a widening segment. (A)-(d) is a top view explaining the procedure of widening excavation, respectively.

Explanation of symbols

O Shield shaft center Ss Standard segment Sw Widening segment S4 Inlet Ts Standard cross section Tw Widening cross section 1 Shield body 1a Skin plate 2 Pressure partition 3 Pressure chamber 4 Air chamber 5 First cutter head 7 First cutter driving device 8 Filler inlet DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Widening excavation part 11 2nd cutter head 12 Widening opening part 13 Cutter storage chamber 14 Retracting block 15 Cutter retracting device 15c Retracting jack 16 Opening / closing shutter device 19 Piping 20 Second cutter driving device 21 Spoke cutter 22 Revolving body 23 Rotating shaft 24 Second cutter rotating mechanism 27 Opening / closing door 28 Slide jack 31 Exit / retraction sealing device 32 Cylindrical sealing device 33 Opening / closing sealing device 33a Dust sealing material 33b Tube sealing material 34 Mud pipe 35 Drainage pipe 41 Widening extrusion device 42 Shape retention Pillar 43 Extruder Ki

Claims (4)

A widening type shield digging comprising a first cutter head disposed at the front of the shield body and excavating a standard cross section, and a second cutter head exiting and retracting outward from the body of the shield body and excavating a wide cross section Machine,
A widened opening formed in the body of the shield body;
A cutter housing chamber which is closed by a rear plate extending rearward from the wide opening,
And projecting and retracting block having a second cutter head in front of the projecting and retracting freely disposed and having projecting and retracting direction outward from the cutter housing chamber through the widened opening,
An exit / exit seal device that prevents intrusion of earth and sand from the gap between the cutter storage chamber and the exit block;
A guide tube extending rearward from the back of the exit block and protruding through a guide hole formed in the back plate of the cutter storage chamber;
A cylinder sealing device that stops water in the gap between the guide hole and the guide cylinder;
A cutter withdrawing / withdrawing jack that is disposed between the reaction force receiving member provided on the back plate of the cutter storage chamber and the withdrawing / withdrawing block and is provided in the guide cylinder and is capable of withdrawing / withdrawing the withdrawing / withdrawing block. Equipment,
A widening shield engraver comprising: an opening / closing shutter device having an opening / closing member capable of opening and closing the widening opening. The open / close shutter device has a tube seal that is expanded by the fluid pressure when the open / close member is opened and closed and pressed against the open / close member to be sealed, and has a tube seal that is decompressed during the open / close operation to eliminate the press contact with the open / close member. Provided,
It is connected to the withdrawal block and is opened in the front part, and the fluid can be supplied to the cutter storage chamber in the front part of the second cutter head to increase the internal pressure, and the fluid is applied to the earth and sand excavated by the second cutter head. The widening type shield machine according to claim 1 , further comprising a fluid supply pipe that can be supplied and discharged . The projecting and retracting block, provided a fluid discharge pipe which exits exhaust the earth and sand excavated by the second cutter head,
On the back side of the exit / retreat block of the cutter storage room, a pipe is installed to increase the internal pressure by supplying water or air,
The widening type shield machine according to claim 1, wherein the shield body is provided with a filler inlet for supplying a filler to the widened section. The widening type shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second cutter head is configured by one or a plurality of cutters capable of excavating a tunnel having a rectangular cross section.

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