JP4149121B2 - Waste treatment apparatus and treatment method thereof - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a waste treatment apparatus and a treatment method for recycling waste home appliances such as a refrigerator and a washing machine, and more particularly to a technique for efficiently crushing various waste home appliances. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Waste disposal is now a social problem, requiring not only disposal but also recycling as a resource. Waste household electrical appliances from homes contain many materials that can be reused as resources. However, some products use environmentally undesirable substances, so care must be taken during disposal.
[0003]
Large-sized waste home appliances are roughly divided into four types: refrigerators, air conditioners (air conditioners), washing machines, and television receivers. First, in the case of refrigerators and air conditioners, compressors and refrigerant gases are used. (Freon gas) is removed, the motor is removed in the case of a washing machine, and the CRT is removed in the case of a television receiver. And it crushes to the lump of the predetermined magnitude | size with a rough crusher as primary crushing, Then, after crushing further finely with a fine crusher as secondary crushing, a metal, plastics, etc. are selected from the inside.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the case of a refrigerator, even if the refrigerant freon is removed, the heat insulating material (foamed molding material) in the casing contains foaming gas such as heat insulating freon or cyclopentane. It is necessary to finely pulverize the foamed gas until it is degassed and to recover the foamed gas.
[0005]
Therefore, if you try to process the refrigerator together with other home appliances in the same crushing process, the other home appliances will be shattered more finely than necessary, so the crushing time will be longer and the capacity of the rough crusher will also be increased. descend.
[0006]
Another method is to provide a dedicated crushing line for refrigerators and separate it from crushing lines for other household appliances. According to this, a crushing machine and a fine crushing machine are provided for each crushing line. Since it is necessary to install this, it is not preferable because the equipment cost increases accordingly.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, the crushing process of the refrigerator and other household appliances can be partially shared, and the refrigerator and other household appliances can be processed in parallel, thereby reducing equipment costs and improving processing efficiency. it can.
[0008]
Therefore, the present invention provides a waste disposal apparatus for crushing and separating waste home appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, and television receivers according to each material, and discarding foam-containing molding materials including foam molding materials. appliances and foam and molding material non含発foam molding material discarded home appliances do not contain the product is turned individually, and one coarse crusher for coarse crushing the waste棄家electric products each into a predetermined size of the bulk , second fine crusher for the first fine crusher and the non含発foam molding material discarded appliances for the含発foam molding material discarded appliances for further finely crushing the coarse crushing process which have been discharged from the coarse crusher At least two fine crushers, and the coarsely crushed processed product roughly broken by the coarse crusher according to the type of the foam-containing molding material waste home appliance and the non-foamed molding material waste home appliance. Of the first shredding machine or the second shredding machine And distributing means for distributing the or deviation, it is characterized that you have a selection recovery means for recovering and sorting fine crushing process which have been discharged from the respective fine crusher for each predetermined material.
[0009]
According to this, only one rough crusher is sufficient. In addition, the refrigerator (foam-containing molding material disposal household appliances) and other household appliances (non-foamed molding material disposal household appliances) are processed separately in parallel on the downstream side of the rough crusher, resulting in a time loss. The processing efficiency is improved.
[0010]
Since the pulverization of the refrigerator takes more time than the pulverization of other home appliances, the roughly crushed processed material supplied from the allocating unit between the allocating unit and the first pulverizing unit. It is preferable to provide a storage tank for temporarily storing the water as a buffer.
[0011]
The distribution means may be, for example, a screw type conveyor or a distribution duct, but is preferably a reversible conveyor that can be rotated forward and reverse from the viewpoint of versatility and ease of introduction in terms of cost. . The sorting / collecting means includes a wind sorter that sorts lightweight objects, a magnetic sorter that sorts irons, and an eddy current sorter that sorts non-ferrous metals and plastics.
[0012]
From the viewpoint of safety, the first crushing machine performs the rough crushing process until the foaming gas component contained in the foamed molding material is degassed in a sealed atmosphere in which explosion-proof measures are taken with nitrogen gas. It is preferable to pulverize the product, which is one of the features of the present invention. According to a preferred aspect, the first fine crusher is provided with a liquefaction condensation recovery means for liquefying and recovering the degassed foam gas component.
[0013]
In addition, the waste treatment method of the present invention individually separates foam-containing molding material disposal home appliances including foam molding materials and non-foamed molding material disposal home appliances not including foam molding materials into a single rough crusher. Rough crushing step of charging and roughly crushing into a lump of a predetermined size, and roughly crushing the crushing processed product of the foam-containing molding material disposal home appliance and the non-foamed molding material disposal home appliance A first step of pulverizing until the foamed gas contained in the foamed molding material is degassed; A second fine crushing step for further finely crushing the roughly crushed processed product of the non-foamed molding material disposal home appliance and a fine crushed processed product discharged from each of the crushing steps are selected and collected for each predetermined material. A sorting and collecting step, the first fine crushing step and the above And 2 fine crushing step is characterized in that it is operated in parallel.
[0014]
Also in this waste treatment method, it is preferable that a storage step of temporarily storing the foamed molding material treatment product is further provided between the sorting step and the first fine crushing step .
[0015]
In addition, when the waste home appliance is a refrigerator and an air conditioner in the previous step before entering the rough crushing step, at least the compressor, the refrigerant gas, and the refrigerating machine oil are removed, and the waste home appliance is a washing machine. In this case, at least the motor is removed, and when the discarded home appliance is a television receiver, at least the CRT is removed.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention. According to this, the waste treatment apparatus includes a primary crushing step, a secondary crushing step, and a sorting step. However, the primary crushing step is provided with a rough crusher 10 that roughly crushes the waste (home appliance) 1 into a lump of a predetermined size.
[0017]
In FIG. 2, a refrigerator 11, an air conditioner indoor unit 12, an air conditioner outdoor unit 13, a washing machine 14, and a television receiver 15 are illustrated as waste 1 to be crushed in this embodiment. Before being applied to the rough crusher 10, the refrigerator 11 removes gaskets, refrigerant freon, refrigerating machine oil, compressors, and the like.
[0018]
In this example, the air conditioner indoor unit 12 is left as it is, and the refrigerant flon, refrigerating machine oil, compressor, and the like are removed from the air conditioner outdoor unit 13. A motor is removed from the washing machine 14, and predetermined electric components, a CRT, a power supply board, a speaker, and the like are removed from the television receiver 15.
[0019]
In this embodiment, these wastes 1 are roughly crushed by a rough crusher 10 into a lump of about 150 to 200 mm. In addition, since the heat insulating material (foaming molding material) in the housing of the refrigerator 11 contains a foaming gas component such as heat insulating chlorofluorocarbon or cyclopentane, at least the refrigerator 11 is roughly separated from other waste as a group. A batch processing method applied to the crusher 10 is adopted, and other wastes may be put into the coarse crusher 10 in a mixed state.
[0020]
As schematically shown in FIG. 3, for example, a crusher 101 that can be operated at room temperature by a biaxial shearing method is used for the coarse crusher 10, and the crusher 101 includes a dust removing device. 102 is attached. Although not shown, the dust removing device 102 has a two-stage configuration of a cyclone and a bag filter. Below the crusher 101, a discharge conveyor 103 for the waste 1 that has been crushed is disposed.
[0021]
Returning to FIG. 1, a secondary crushing step is prepared on the downstream side of the rough crusher 10 via a reversible conveyor 20 capable of normal rotation / reversal as distribution means. In this secondary crushing step, a fine crusher for a foam-containing molded material processed product containing a foamed molding material, that is, a first crusher 30 for a refrigerator in this embodiment, and a non-containing material containing no foamed molding material. A crusher for the processed foamed material, that is, a second crusher 40 for waste other than the refrigerator is provided in this embodiment.
[0022]
When the coarsely crushed processed product discharged from the discharge conveyor 103 of the rough crusher 10 is a foam-containing molded material processed product of a refrigerator, the reversible conveyor 20 removes the coarsely crushed processed product from the first fine crusher 30 side. When the coarsely crushed processed product is a non-foamed molding material processed product of other waste, the coarsely crushed processed product is supplied to the second fine crusher 40.
[0023]
In this embodiment, the transfer direction of the reversible conveyor 20 is manually switched. However, when the waste disposal plan is computerized, automatic switching is also possible.
[0024]
It takes time to finely pulverize the roughly crushed processed product in the refrigerator because it is necessary to finely pulverize the foamed gas contained therein until it is degassed. Therefore, a storage tank 31 for temporarily storing the coarsely crushed processed material supplied from the reversible conveyor 20 is provided in the previous stage of the first fine crusher 30.
[0025]
That is, the storage tank 31 is for temporarily storing the coarsely pulverized processed product in order to eliminate the time lag due to the difference in processing capability between the coarse crusher 10 and the first fine crusher 30, and is shown in FIG. 4. As shown, a conveyor 311 for sending a predetermined amount of roughly crushed material to the first pulverizer 30 is connected to the storage tank 31 according to the crushing state.
[0026]
The first fine crusher 30 includes a housing 301 having a vibration-proof hermetically sealed structure, and a crusher 302 that pulverizes until the foaming gas contained in the foamed molding material is degassed is housed therein. Yes. In this embodiment, a cross flow shredder is used as the crusher 302.
[0027]
The crusher 302 is connected with a liquefied nitrogen gas tank 303 and a liquefied condensation recovery means 304. That is, the inside of the crusher 302 is filled with nitrogen gas supplied from the nitrogen gas tank 303, and the foamed gas such as heat-insulated CFC and cyclopentane deaerated from the foamed molding material is conveyed to the liquefaction condensation recovery means 304 together with the nitrogen gas. It is separated from nitrogen gas and recovered.
[0028]
In addition, the dust removal apparatus 305 which consists of a two-stage structure of a cyclone and a bag filter, for example is attached to the housing 301 like the dust removal apparatus 102 of the rough crusher 10.
[0029]
The second fine crusher 40 for waste other than the refrigerator is not particularly shown, but various types of crushers are used as long as they have the ability to crush the roughly crushed material into small pieces of about 50 mm. May be.
[0030]
Each processed material pulverized by the first pulverizer 30 and the second pulverizer 40 is sorted for each material in the subsequent sorting step. Referring to FIG. 1, first, a shredded product discharged from the first shredder 30 is passed through a first wind power sorter 51a, and a lightweight material such as urethane contained in the shredded product is obtained. Sorted out. Similarly, the shredded product discharged from the second shredder 40 is also passed through the second wind power sorter 51b, and dust components are sorted and removed.
[0031]
Next, each finely crushed processed product is put together and passed through a suspending magnetic separator 52 and a drum magnetic separator 53 to sort and remove irons. Subsequently, after the non-ferrous plastics are sorted and removed by the vibrating sieve, they are sorted into mixed metal and plastic by the eddy current sorter 55. Each sorter used in the sorting step may be a known one.
[0032]
As a summary, FIG. 5 shows an example of the operating status of each part of the waste disposal apparatus according to the present invention. The rough crusher 10 is in a substantially continuous operation state, and a refrigerator and other home appliances are charged separately. If the time from t0 to t1 is processing of other home appliances, the second shredder 40 operates in accordance with the time zone.
[0033]
Assuming that the time from t1 to t2 is allocated to the refrigerator process, the storage tank 31 is operated in accordance with the time zone, and the roughly crushed processed product is supplied to the first pulverizer 30 by a predetermined amount. The first shredding machine 30 is substantially continuous operation depending on its processing capacity. As described above, since the coarsely crushed processed product is temporarily stored in the storage tank 31, it is not necessary to use a high processing capacity for the first fine crusher 30, and the equipment cost can be reduced correspondingly.
[0034]
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this. For example, the object to be crushed is not limited to the above four items. If the processing capacity of the coarse crusher 10 and the first fine crusher 30 are equivalent, the storage tank 31 can be omitted.
[0035]
On the other hand, even if the downstream device is stopped for repair or maintenance by providing a storage tank as a buffer in the previous stage of the second fine crusher 40, for example, in the previous stage of the suspended magnetic separator 52, Accordingly, it is possible to operate without stopping the upstream device.
[0036]
Further, the conveying means between the steps is not limited to the belt conveyor but may be a screw conveyor or a bucket conveyor. Each sorting step can be replaced as appropriate. It is also possible to increase the number of shredding machines as necessary.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, when the refrigerator and other household appliances are crushed, the coarse crusher in the primary crushing process can be used together, and the equipment cost can be reduced. Further, in the secondary crushing process downstream of the coarse crusher, the refrigerator and other home appliances are separately processed in parallel, so that there is almost no time loss and the processing efficiency is improved.
[0038]
In addition, by providing a storage tank in front of the first shredding machine for refrigerator processing, the first shredding machine is not required to have a high processing capacity equivalent to that of the rough shredding machine, which can also reduce equipment costs. . In addition, by making the inside of the first shredding machine a nitrogen gas atmosphere, safety is ensured, and recovery of foaming gas such as heat-insulated chlorofluorocarbon becomes easy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall configuration of a waste treatment apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view exemplifying an object to be crushed by the waste treatment apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a primary crushing step (coarse crushing step) of the waste treatment apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining a secondary crushing process (a crushing process) by the first crusher of the waste treatment apparatus.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the operation status of the waste treatment apparatus.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Waste (waste household appliances)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Coarse crusher 20 Reversible conveyor 30 1st fine crusher 31 Storage tank 301 Housing 302 Crusher 303 Liquefied nitrogen gas tank 304 Liquefaction condensation collection means 40 2nd fine crusher 51a, 51b Wind power sorter 52 Hanging magnetic force sorter 53 Drum Magnetic separator 54 Vibrating sieve 55 Eddy current separator

Claims (9)

In waste treatment equipment for crushing and sorting waste home appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners and TV receivers,
Is not including含発foam molding material discarded home appliances and foam molding material containing a foaming molding material and non含発foam molding material discarded home appliances turned individually, waste棄家electric products each into a predetermined size of the bulk and one coarse crusher for coarse crushing, the coarse crusher first fine crusher and the non含発foam molding material of the含発foam molding material discarded household electrical products to further finely crushed crude crushing process which have been discharged from At least two fine crushers of the second fine crusher for waste home appliances, and the coarsely crushed processed material roughly broken by the rough crusher, the foam- containing molding material waste home appliances and the non-foamed molding Depending on the type of the material waste home appliance, the sorting means for distributing to either the first shredding machine or the second shredding machine, and the shredded material discharged from each shredding machine for each predetermined material that we have a selection recovery means for sorting to recovery Waste processing apparatus according to claim.   The waste treatment according to claim 1, wherein a storage tank for temporarily storing the roughly crushed material supplied from the allocating unit is provided between the allocating unit and the first crusher. apparatus.   The waste disposal apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sorting means comprises a reversible conveyor capable of normal rotation and reverse rotation.   The first fine crusher is configured to finely pulverize the coarsely crushed material in a sealed atmosphere in which explosion-proof measures are taken with nitrogen gas until the foamed gas component contained in the foamed molding material is degassed. Item 3. A waste disposal apparatus according to item 1 or 2.   The waste processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first fine crusher is provided with a liquefaction condensation recovery means for liquefying and recovering the degassed foam gas component.   2. The waste treatment according to claim 1, wherein the sorting and collecting means includes a wind sorter that sorts lightweight materials, a magnetic sorter that sorts irons, and an eddy current sorter that sorts non-ferrous metals and plastics. apparatus. In a waste disposal method for crushing waste household appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners and television receivers and separating them according to each material,
The foam-containing molding material disposal home appliances containing foam molding materials and the non-foam-containing molding material disposal home appliances not containing foam molding materials are individually fed into a single rough crusher to roughly form a lump of a predetermined size. A rough crushing step of crushing;
A distribution step of distributing the roughly crushed processed product into the roughly crushed processed product of the foam-containing molding material waste home appliance and the roughly crushed processed product of the non-foamed molding material discarded home appliance;
A first fine crushing step of finely crushing the coarsely crushed processed product of the foam-containing molding material disposal home appliance until the foaming gas contained in the foamed molding material is degassed;
A second fine crushing step for further finely crushing the roughly crushed processed product of the non-foamed molding material disposal home appliance,
A sorting and collecting step of sorting and collecting the shredded product discharged from each shredding step for each predetermined material,
The waste processing method, wherein the first shredding step and the second shredding step are operated in parallel. The waste according to claim 7, further comprising a storage step of temporarily storing the coarsely crushed processed product of the foam-containing molding material disposal home appliance between the sorting step and the first fine crushing step. Processing method.   When the waste household electrical appliance is a refrigerator and an air conditioner in the previous step of entering the rough crushing step, at least the compressor, refrigerant gas, and refrigeration oil are removed, and the waste household electrical appliance is a washing machine. The waste disposal method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein at least the motor is removed and at least the CRT is removed when the waste home appliance is a television receiver.

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