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JP4150252B2 - Method for producing water absorbent resin - Google Patents
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JP4150252B2 - Method for producing water absorbent resin - Google Patents

Method for producing water absorbent resin Download PDF

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JP4150252B2
JP4150252B2 JP2002366968A JP2002366968A JP4150252B2 JP 4150252 B2 JP4150252 B2 JP 4150252B2 JP 2002366968 A JP2002366968 A JP 2002366968A JP 2002366968 A JP2002366968 A JP 2002366968A JP 4150252 B2 JP4150252 B2 JP 4150252B2
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water
polymerization
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aqueous solution
unsaturated monomer
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JP2003246812A5 (en
JP2003246812A (en
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照幸 神頭
邦彦 石▲崎▼
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Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/04Polymerisation in solution
    • C08F2/10Aqueous solvent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F20/00Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F20/02Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
    • C08F20/04Acids, Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • C08F20/06Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/60Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は吸水性樹脂の製造方法に関する。さらに、詳しくは、アクリル酸(塩)を含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合すると同時に得られた含水ゲルを細分化する重合工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、均一なゲルの細分化を行うことで諸物性や重合速度や乾燥速度を向上させた吸水性樹脂の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、高度の吸水性を有する吸水性樹脂が開発され、紙おむつ、生理用ナプキンなどの吸収物品、さらには、農園芸用保水剤、工業用止水材などとして、主に使い捨て用途に多用されている。
かかる吸水性樹脂は親水性高分子を僅かに架橋することで水膨潤性・水不溶性としたものであり、一般にその製法方法として、アクリル酸などの水溶性不飽和単量体を重合し、重合中または重合後に架橋することで粉末として得られている。そこで、粉末状の吸水性樹脂を得るための重合方法としては、従来より、多くが提案され、逆相懸濁重合、水溶液重合、さらには、溶媒中に重合体を析出される沈殿重合、実質無溶媒で重合するバルク重合、気相中で重合する噴霧重合、などが提案されているが、これらの重合方法の中では、性能面や重合の制御の容易さから、水溶液重合または逆相懸濁重合が主流である。
【0003】
逆相懸濁重合とは、単量体水溶液を疎水性有機溶媒に1〜0.1mm程度の粒子状で懸濁させる重合法であり、重合と同時に製品粒径のゲル粒子が得られる利点がある(例えば、米国特許第4093776号明細書、米国特許第4367323号明細書、米国特許第4446261号明細書、米国特許第4683274号明細書などに記載されているが、特に特許文献1参照。)。
しかしながら、多量の溶媒に分散させる逆相懸濁重合においては、重合温度の制御が難しく、特に、高濃度(例えば、単量体水溶液濃度で40質量%以上)にすると重合の際の爆発の危険性があるため、スケールアップによる生産性の向上を十分に図ることができないという問題があった。
【0004】
また、水溶液重合とは分散溶媒を用いずに単量体水溶液を重合する方法であり、水のみで重合できるのでコスト面や生産性、製品の安全性に優れており、これら水溶液重合は、さらにベルト重合など静置重合する方法(例えば、米国特許第6174978号明細書、米国特許第4857610号明細書などに記載されているが、特に特許文献2参照。)と、ニーダーなどで攪拌しながら重合する方法(攪拌重合)に大別される。かかる水溶液重合では逆相懸濁重合とは異なり、製品粒径を遥かに越えた塊状ゲルが重合で得られるので、乾燥や製品化のためにゲルの細分化が必要である。かかる攪拌重合において、重合機としてニーダーなど剪断力を有する重合容器を用いると、重合と同時にゲルの細分化がなされるために、重合後のゲルの細分化工程が不要であり、かつ重合時のゲルの比表面積が大きいため、重合熱の除去が容易で生産性も高いという利点を有する。
【0005】
かかるニーダーなどによる攪拌重合は、剪断力を有する重合容器中に水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を供給し、架橋重合すると同時に得られた含水ゲルを細分化する重合工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法である(例えば、日本触媒による米国特許第4625001号明細書、米国特許第4985514号明細書、米国特許第5124416号明細書や、BASFによる国際公開第01/38402号パンフレット、米国特許第5149750号明細書、米国特許第4769427号明細書、米国特許第4873299号明細書などに例示されているが、特に特許文献3および特許文献4参照)。
【0006】
しかし、上記の架橋重合すると同時に得られた含水ゲルを細分化する重合工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、重合時にはゲルは1mm前後の粒子径に細分化されるが、重合と同時に行なわれるゲルの細分化は重合時間に比べて長時間を要する場合が多く、十分な細分化を行うために、必要以上に重合時間が長くなったり、長時間のゲル細分化(剪断)のため物性低下が起こったりする場合があった。
さらに、こうして重合容器から排出される含水ゲルは、重合時の剪断力で数mm(好ましくは1〜3mm前後)の粒子状ゲルに細分化されるが、通常、重合時のゲル細分化を100%行うことは困難であり、得られた細分化ゲル中には数cmを越えるような粗大ゲルが数質量%〜10質量%程度混在する場合があった。
【0007】
特に粗大ゲルの副生は、重合開始温度を上昇させたり、水溶性不飽和単量体の濃度を上昇させたり、吸水性樹脂の可溶分を低減させたりしようとすると増加する傾向がある。よって、上記の架橋重合すると同時に得られた含水ゲルを細分化する重合工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、吸水性樹脂の可溶分を低減させたり、また、生産性や物性を向上させるために、重合開始温度や水溶性不飽和単量体の濃度を上げたりしようとすると、粗大ゲルの副生という制約が発生することがあった。
また、細分化ゲルの乾燥時間はその比表面積に依存するため、僅か数%の粗大ゲルの混入は、細分化ゲル全体の乾燥速度を大きく低下させ、長時間の乾燥が必要であるのみならず、かかる必要以上の乾燥は物性の低下を引起こしたり、ゲル粒子径によって乾燥後の物性が変動ないし低下したりするという問題を有していた。また、かかる数%の粗大ゲルは乾燥後にも未乾燥物となる場合があり、乾燥物に混入する未乾燥物(ゲル)の付着によって、乾燥後の粉砕工程や分級工程が停止してしまうなど、乾燥後の粉砕や分級などの操作を不可能とすることもあった。
【0008】
そこで、細分化されたゲルに混入する粗大ゲルについて、重合後に分級して除去する方法(例えば、特開平6−107800号公報などに記載があるが、特に特許文献5参照。)や、乾燥後に未乾燥物を分級する方法(例えば、米国特許第6291636号明細書に記載があるが、特に特許文献6参照。)も提案されている。しかし、かかる重合後に粗大ゲルや未乾燥物を除去する方法では、装置的に複雑でかつ分級効率も低いのみならず、分級された粗大ゲル由来の廃棄物や廃棄に伴う収率低下の問題も発生するのであった。
また、その他の問題として、逆相懸濁重合、ベルト重合など静置重合を含めて、高温重合や遷移金属存在下の重合を行う場合では、重合前または調整時でも、単量体の安定性が悪いという問題を有していた。また、得られた吸水性樹脂における着色の問題も存在していた。
【0009】
【特許文献1】
米国特許第5244735号明細書
【0010】
【特許文献2】
米国特許第6241928号明細書
【0011】
【特許文献3】
米国特許第5250640号明細書
【0012】
【特許文献4】
特許2966539号公報
【0013】
【特許文献5】
特開平6−142612号公報
【0014】
【特許文献6】
国際公開第00/24810号パンフレット
【0015】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記現状に鑑みなされたものである。すなわち、本発明の課題は、吸水性樹脂を製造する際に水溶液重合(攪拌重合や静置重合など)または逆相懸濁重合を行う場合の、従来からの上記問題点を一気に解決できる方法を提供することにある。
【0016】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明者は鋭意検討した。その結果、アクリル酸(塩)を含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合すると同時に得られた含水ゲルを細分化する重合工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法、アクリル酸(塩)を含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合する工程と得られた含水ゲルを細分化する工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法、アクリル酸(塩)を含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合すると同時に細分化された含水ゲルを得る重合工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、前記水溶性不飽和単量体がフルフラールを11〜1000質量ppm(対単量体)含有することにより、上記課題が一気に解決できることを見出した。
【0017】
すなわち、本発明にかかる吸水性樹脂の製造方法は、アクリル酸および/またはその1価塩を合計50モル%以上含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合すると同時に得られた含水ゲルを細分化する水溶液重合または逆相懸濁重合工程を含む水膨潤性・水不溶性の吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、前記水溶性不飽和単量体がフルフラールを25〜900質量ppm(対単量体)含有することを特徴とする。
また、本発明にかかる別の吸水性樹脂の製造方法は、アクリル酸および/またはその1価塩を合計50モル%以上含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合する水溶液重合または逆相懸濁重合工程と得られた含水ゲルを細分化する工程を含む水膨潤性・水不溶性の吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、
(A)前記水溶性不飽和単量体がフルフラールを25〜900質量ppm(対単量体)含有すること、
(B1)重合開始剤添加前の水溶液温度である重合開始温度が30℃以上であること、および、(B2)重合開始剤添加前の前記水溶性不飽和単量体が遷移金属を含有すること、の2つから選ばれる少なくとも1つであること、および、
(C)得られた細分化された含水ゲルが、質量平均粒子径0.3〜4mmで且つ粒子径10mm以上の粗大ゲルの割合が5質量%以下であること、
を特徴とする。
【0018】
また、本発明にかかるさらに別の吸水性樹脂の製造方法は、アクリル酸および/またはその1価塩を合計50モル%以上含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合すると同時に細分化された含水ゲルを得る水溶液重合または逆相懸濁重合工程を含む水膨潤性・水不溶性の吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、
前記水溶性不飽和単量体がフルフラールを25〜900質量ppm(対単量体)含有することを特徴とする。
【0019】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。なお、本明細書において「質量」という語は、従来から「重さ」の意味で用いられる場合の「重量」なる語と同義である。
(1)吸水性樹脂
本発明において、吸水性樹脂とは、重合体に架橋構造を導入した水膨潤性・水不溶性樹脂のことを言い、その水膨潤性とは必須に無荷重下で自重の3倍以上、好ましくは5〜200倍、より好ましくは20〜100倍という多量の生理食塩水を吸収できる能力を指し、また、その水不溶性とは、樹脂中の水可溶分が必須に50質量(重量)%以下、好ましくは25質量%以下、より好ましくは15質量%以下、さらに好ましくは10質量%以下の実質水不溶性のことを示す。なお、これらの測定法は後述の実施例で規定する。
【0020】
(2)水溶性不飽和単量体
また、本発明において、吸水性樹脂は物性面から水溶性不飽和単量体として、アクリル酸および/またはその塩を単量体として含み、さらに主成分とすることが好ましく、重合に用いられる総単量体(架橋剤を除く)で、アクリル酸および/その塩の合計モル%が必須に30モル%以上を指し、好ましくは50モル%、より好ましくは70モル%以上、さらに好ましくは90モル%以上、特に好ましくは実質100モル%のものが用いられる。なお、水溶性単量体とは、室温の水に必須に1質量%以上、好ましくは10質量%以上、より好ましくは30質量%以上溶解する単量体を指す。
【0021】
本発明で用いられるアクリル酸塩としては、物性面から好ましくは、アルカリ金属塩,アンモニウム塩,アミン塩からなるアクリル酸の1価塩、さらに好ましくはアクリル酸アルカリ金属塩、より好ましくは、ナトリウム塩、リチウム塩、カリウム塩から選ばれるアクリル酸塩が用いられる。
吸水性樹脂としては重合体の酸基の20〜99モル%、好ましくは50〜95モル%、より好ましくは60〜90モル%が中和されている。この中和は、重合前の単量体で行っても良いし、重合中や重合後に重合体に対して行っても良い。さらには、単量体の中和と重合体の中和を併用しても良いが、好ましくはアクリル酸に対して中和がなされる。中和に用いられる塩基性物質としては、例えば、炭酸(水素)塩、アルカリ金属の水酸化物、アンモニア、有機アミンなどが例示されるが、より重合性を改善し且つより高物性の吸水性樹脂を得るためには、強アルカリ処理、すなわち、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化リチウムなどのアルカリ金属の水酸化物が好ましく、水酸化ナトリウムが特に好ましい。
【0022】
上記のように単量体としてアクリル酸および/またはその塩を主成分とすることが好ましいが、その他の単量体を併用してもよいし、それを主成分としてもよい。併用される単量体としては、メタクリル酸、(無水)マレイン酸、フマール酸、クロトン酸、イタコン酸、ビニルスルホン酸、2−(メタ)アクリルアミド−2−メチルプロパンスルホン酸、(メタ)アクリロキシアルカンスルホン酸およびそのアルカリ金属塩やアンモニウム塩、N−ビニル−2−ピロリドン、N−ビニルアセトアミド、(メタ)アクリルアミド、N−イソプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N−ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、2−ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、メトキシポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、イソブチレン、ラウリル(メタ)アクリレート等の水溶性または疎水性不飽和単量体等を共重合成分とするものも含まれる。
【0023】
本発明で用いられる架橋方法としては特に制限なく、例えば、(a)アクリル酸および/またはアクリル酸塩を重合して、必要により上記水溶性または疎水性不飽和単量体を共重合成分として、親水性重合体を得た後、重合中や重合後に架橋剤を添加して後架橋する方法、(b)ラジカル重合開始剤によるラジカル架橋、(c)電子線等による放射線架橋する方法等も挙げられるが、(d)予め所定量の内部架橋剤をアクリル酸および/またはアクリル酸塩、または共重合成分としての上記水溶性または疎水性不飽和単量体に添加して重合を行い、重合と同時または重合後に架橋反応させることが好ましい。勿論、(d)の架橋方法と、(a)〜(c)を併用してもよい。
【0024】
かかる手法(d)で用いられる内部架橋剤としては、例えば、N,N’−メチレンビス(メタ)アクリルアミド、(ポリ)エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、(ポリ)プロピレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、(ポリオキシエチレン)トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンジ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジ(β−アクリロイルオキシプロピオネート)、トリメチロールプロパントリ(β−アクリロイルオキシプロピオネート)、ポリ(メタ)アリロキシアルカン、ポリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、エチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、グリセリン等の内部架橋剤の1種または2種以上が用いられる。なお、1種以上の内部架橋剤を使用する場合には、得られる吸水性樹脂の吸収特性等を考慮して、2個以上の重合性不飽和基を有する化合物を重合時に必須に用いることが好ましい。
【0025】
内部架橋剤の使用量としては、前記単量体成分に対して、0.005〜2モル%とするのが好ましく、より好ましくは0.01〜1モル%、さらに好ましくは0.05〜0.2モル%の範囲である。上記内部架橋剤の使用量が0.005モル%よりも少ない場合、または、2モル%よりも多い場合には、所望の吸収特性が得られない恐れがある。
本発明で、水溶性不飽和単量体を水溶液とする場合、該水溶液(以下、水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液と称する)中の単量体の濃度は、特に限定されるものではないが、物性面から15〜70質量%の範囲内が好ましく、特に粗大ゲルが発生しやすかった高濃度条件がより好ましく、具体的にはさらに好ましくは20質量%以上、特に好ましくは30質量%以上、最も好ましくは40質量%以上の単量体の濃度で本発明は好適に適用される。
【0026】
また、水以外の溶媒を必要に応じて併用してもよく、併用して用いられる溶媒の種類は特に限定されるものではない。
なお、重合に際して、各種の発泡剤、親水性高分子、界面活性剤、キレート剤、吸水性樹脂の微粉末などを添加して吸水性樹脂の諸物性を改善したり、吸水性樹脂の微粉をリサイクルしてもよい。本発明の重合工程の一つでは、架橋重合すると同時に得られた含水ゲルを細分化するので、重合時に攪拌ないし剪断が行なわれ、これらの混合も容易であるので好ましい。
例えば、重合前ないし重合時に添加される化合物として、炭酸(水素)塩、二酸化炭素、窒素、アゾ化合物、不活性有機溶媒などの各種発泡剤を0〜5質量%(対単量体固形分);澱粉・セルロース、澱粉・セルロースの誘導体、ポリビニルアルコール、吸水性樹脂の微粉末やそのゲル、などの親水性高分子を0〜30質量%(同);各種界面活性剤;次亜燐酸(塩)等の連鎖移動剤を0〜1質量%(同)添加してもよい。
【0027】
(3)アルデヒド化合物(フルフラール)
本発明では、上記水溶性不飽和単量体中にフルフラールを含むアルデヒド化合物を添加しておくこと必須とする。これらフルフラールの添加量は、水溶性不飽和単量体に対して必須に11〜1000質量ppmの範囲、好ましくは25〜900質量ppmの範囲、より好ましくは30〜600質量ppmの範囲、さらに好ましくは50〜400質量ppmの範囲、特に好ましくは100〜300質量ppmの範囲である。なお、水溶性不飽和単量体の質量(重量)には必要に添加される架橋剤などを含まない。
【0028】
フルフラールなどのアルデヒド化合物の使用量が少ないと、すなわち、11質量ppm未満、さらには10質量ppm以下、さらには5質量ppm以下、さらには1質量ppm以下のフルフラールでは、本発明の課題である重合時に副生する少量の粗大ゲルの防止効果が不十分であり、よって、重合時間や乾燥時間が必要以上に延び、さらに物性低下を引起こすのみならず、場合によっては、乾燥後の未乾燥物の発生とその付着のために、乾燥後の粉砕工程や分級工程が停止してしまうことがある。
また、逆相懸濁重合を含めて、重合温度の制御が困難になり、特に、高濃度(例えば、単量体水溶液濃度で40質量%以上)条件下での重合の際の爆発の危険性が高くなり、特に、多量の有機溶媒を使用する逆相懸濁重合ではその危険性は増大する。さらに、高温重合や遷移金属存在下の重合を行う場合には、重合前や単量体調整中を含めて、単量体の安定性が悪くなる。
【0029】
また、フルフラールなどのアルデヒドの使用量が過剰である場合、場合により物性を低下させることがある。
なお、本発明で、フルフラールの添加によって、粗大ゲルの防止効果が見られたり、重合温度が温和に制御できたり、高温重合や遷移金属存在下の重合を行う場合において単量体の安定性が良好になるメカニズムは不明であるが、例えば、剪断、重合で得られる含水ゲルの粘弾性、重合速度などを好適に制御しているのではないかと推定される。
また、本発明ではフルフラール以外のアルデヒド化合物をさらに併用してもよい。すなわち、前記水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液がフルフラール以外のアルデルド化合物をさらに含有していてもよい。
【0030】
併用されるアルデヒド化合物としては、脂肪族ジアルデヒド、脂肪族不飽和アルデヒド、芳香族アルデヒド、複素環式アルデヒドから選ばれる化合物が例示されるが、本発明では効果の面から分子量としては、低分子のアルデヒド化合物を併用することが好ましく、より好ましくはC3〜C20、さらに好ましくはC3〜C10のアルデヒド化合物が併用される。好ましくは、アルデヒド化合物として不飽和アルデヒド,芳香族アルデヒド,複素環式アルデヒドから選ばれる水溶性アルデヒド化合物が好適に併用され、最も好ましくは、ベンズアルデヒド、アクロレインから選ばれるアルデヒド化合物が単独で使用、さらには併用される。
【0031】
これらの併用されるアルデヒド化合物の使用量は、水溶性不飽和単量体に対して0〜1000質量ppmの範囲、好ましくは0.1〜300質量ppmの範囲、さらに好ましくは0.5〜100質量ppmの範囲であり、また、必須成分であるフルフラールに対しては、質量比で、フルフラール100に対して、好ましくは100〜0、より好ましくは80〜1、さらに好ましくは50〜2である。また、上記したアルデヒド化合物以外にも、水溶性不飽和単量体中にはさらにメトキシフェノール類を含有することが好ましい。すなわち、前記水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液がメトキシフェノール類をさらに含有することが好ましい。メトキシフェノール類としては、具体的には、o、m、p−メトキシフェノールや、それらにさらにメチル基、t−ブチル基、水酸基などの1個または2個以上の置換基を有するメトキシフェノール類が例示される。特にp−メトキシフェノールを含有することが好ましい。メトキシフェノール類の含有量は0〜500質量ppmの範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは5〜200質量ppmの範囲、さらに好ましくは10〜160質量ppmの範囲、さらに好ましくは20〜140質量ppmの範囲、さらに好ましくは30〜120質量ppmの範囲、さらに好ましくは40〜100質量ppmの範囲、特に好ましくは50〜90質量ppmの範囲である。
【0032】
本発明では、水溶性不飽和単量体にフルフラールを含むアルデヒド化合物を含有されることを必須とするが、▲1▼かかるフルフラールは調整時の水溶性不飽和単量体に添加してもよいし、▲2▼フルフラールを所定量含有する単量体を用いて本発明の水溶性不飽和単量体を調整してもよいし、▲3▼それらを併用してもよい。
具体的に、上記▲2▼として、本発明では、フルフラールを所定量含んだアクリル酸を用いて本発明の水溶性不飽和単量体を調整してもよい。すなわち、本発明では、意図的にフルフラールを含んだアクリル酸を合成して、フルフラールを所定量含んだアクリル酸によって本発明の水溶性不飽和単量体を調整することも好ましい。
【0033】
すなわち、従来、アクリル酸を製造する方法としては、プロピレン気相酸化法、エチレンシアンヒドリン法、高圧レッペ法、改良レッペ法、ケテン法、アクリロニトリル加水分解法等が工業的製造法として知られている。中でもプロピレンないしプロパンの気相酸化法が最も多く採用されているが、その場合に副生物や不純物として、アクリル酸の製造工程の中間体には、酢酸、ホルムアルデヒド、アクロレイン、プロピオン酸、マレイン酸、アセトン、フルフラール、ベンズアルデヒド等が含まれている。
これら不純物は、重合を阻害したり重合後の物性を低下させるので、次に、このアクリル酸中間体(粗製アクリル酸)を十分精製することによって、これら重合を阻害する副生成物や不純物が出来る限り除去され、実質的にフルフラールを含まない(1ppm未満)精製アクリル酸がアクリル酸として市販され、そして、精製アクリル酸が吸水性樹脂の原料として使用されている。また、吸水性樹脂の重合に際して、アクリル酸を精製して重合禁止剤やアクリル酸ダイマーなどの不純物を除去する技術(例えば、特開平6−211934号公報、特開平3−31306号公報、欧州特許第942014号明細書、欧州特許第574260号明細書など)も知られている。かかる従来技術に対して、本発明では、意図的にフルフラールを含んだアクリル酸を合成して、フルフラールを所定量含んだアクリル酸によって本発明の水溶性不飽和単量体を調整することも好ましい。
【0034】
また、アクリル酸では、アクリル酸中の微量成分であるプロトアネモニンの含有量が20質量ppm以下であることがさらに好ましい。プロトアネモニン含有量が増加するに従って、重合時間(重合ピーク温度までの時間)が伸びて残存モノマーが増加するのみならず、吸水倍率の若干の増加に比べて水可溶分が大きく増加して相対的に物性が低下する。そこで、吸水性樹脂の物性や特性向上と言う観点からは、アクリル酸中のプロトアネモニン含有量はより好ましくは10質量ppm以下、さらに好ましくは5質量ppm以下、特に好ましくは3質量ppm以下、最も好ましくは1質量ppm以下とされる。
【0035】
(4)重合する工程
本発明にかかる吸水性樹脂の製造方法の一つでは、前述の多くの吸水性樹脂の重合方法の中でも、特定の重合方法、すなわち、剪断力を有する重合容器中に水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を供給し、架橋重合すると同時に得られた含水ゲルを細分化する重合工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法が適用される。かかる重合方法は、前述したように、米国特許第4625001号明細書、米国特許第4985514号明細書、米国特許第5124416号明細書、米国特許第5250640号明細書、日本登録の特許2966539号公報や、国際公開第01/38402号パンフレット、米国特許第5149750号明細書、米国特許第4769427号明細書、米国特許第4873299号明細書に例示されている。
【0036】
なお、本発明で架橋重合すると同時に得られた含水ゲルを細分化するとは、水溶液重合が進行中の重合ゲルを複数に分割する操作を差し、通常、ニーダーなどの剪断力を有する重合容器中で回転翼の回転などでなされる。本発明での細分化は重合中に絶えずなされる必要はなく、回転攪拌軸を停止などで細分化を停止した静置重合を併用してもよいが、好ましくは重合時間の30%以上、より好ましくは70%以上、さらに好ましくは90%以上の時間に含水ゲルに回転攪拌軸が回転されて含水ゲルに剪断力が与えられる。
本発明で剪断力を有する重合容器としては、一軸攪拌機でも可能であるが、例えば双腕型ニーダーなどの複数攪拌軸の攪拌機が好ましく用いられる。さらに好ましくは、重合容器中に水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液が連続供給および含水ゲルが連続排出されるような回転攪拌軸を有するもの、なかでも複数の回転攪拌軸を有するものが用いられる。例えば、攪拌翼2本と排出用スクリュー1本を有する3軸ニーダー(ニーダールーダー)や、2軸押し出し混練または混合機などが挙げられる。最も好ましくは、重合容器中に水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液が連続供給および含水ゲルが連続排出されるような2つの回転攪拌軸を有するもので、ピストンフロー性を有する連続ニーダーである。なお、本発明で用いることができる重合容器は、上記の特許文献にも例示ないし図示されている。
【0037】
さらに、これら重合容器の内面はテフロン(登録商標)などで樹脂コーティングないし電解研磨されて表面粗さが低減されていることが好ましく、特に内面がステンレス製の重合容器が好適に使用される。さらに、重合容器内面や攪拌軸はジャケットで冷却ないし加熱されることが好ましい。その重合容器の容積は適宜決定され、通常0.001〜10m3、さらには0.01〜5m3の範囲であり、その容積に対して単量体水溶液が好ましくは10〜90%、さらに好ましくは20〜70%で仕込まれる。
また、これら重合容器にある回転攪拌軸は、重合中に少なくとも一定時間は回転されて含水ゲルの細分化がなされるが、その回転速度は一定でもよいし、可変でもよく、また、一時ないし間欠的に回転を停止させてもよい。すなわち、剪断力を有する重合容器中で静置重合と回転重合(剪断重合)を併用してもよい。さらに、複数の攪拌軸を用いる場合、これらの攪拌軸は同じ方向に回転してもいいし、異なる方向(双方向)に回転してもよいが、好ましくは複数の回転軸が内向き双方向で回転される。また、互いの回転速度は同じであってもよいし異なってもよい。
【0038】
剪断作用を生ずる(剪断力を有する)重合容器の具体例を以下に挙げる。
双腕型ニーダー(KNEADER (株)栗本鉄工所)
双腕型ニーダールーダー(KNEADER−RUDER(株)モリヤマ)
コンティニュアースニーダー(CONTINUOUS KNEADER(株)ダルトン)
パドルドライヤー(PADDLE DRYER(株)奈良機械製作所)
KRCニーダー(KURIMOTO−READCO CONTINUOUS KNEADER(株)栗本鉄工所)
エクストルーダー(EXTRUDER (株)栗本鉄工所)
ホンダ・デイ・エアリング・エクストルーダー(HONDA DE−AIRING EXTRUDER 本田鉄工(株))
チョッパー(CHOPPER(株)平賀工作所)
ツイン・ドーム グラン(TWIN・DOME GRAN 不二パウダル(株))
バイボラック(BIVOLAK 住友重機械工業(株))
さらに、本発明ではフルフラールを用いることで、架橋重合すると同時に得られた含水ゲルを細分化する工程において、重合時のゲルの細分化が容易で粗大ゲル(例えば、1cm以上)が殆ど発生しない。したがって、粗大ゲルが従来発生し易かった高温開始での重合や高濃度開始での重合に、より好適である。
【0039】
具体的には、重合開始温度は好ましくは20℃以上、より好ましくは30℃以上、さらに好ましくは40℃以上、特に好ましくは50℃以上で行なわれ、さらに、水溶性不飽和単量体の濃度は好ましくは20質量%以上、より好ましくは30質量%以上、特に好ましくは40質量%以上の単量体の濃度で本発明は好適に適用される。本発明では、従来粗大ゲルが副生し易かったかかる高温開始での重合や高濃度開始での重合を行っても、また、粗大ゲルが副生し易くなった低可溶分の吸水性樹脂を得ても、均一にゲルの細分化が可能であり、殆ど粗大ゲルを副生しないという優れた利点を有する。すなわち、本発明では、従来粗大ゲルが副生し易かった水可溶分の少ない吸水性樹脂の製造に好適であり、その好ましい水可溶分は前述の範囲、特に15質量%以下である。
【0040】
本発明で得られる細分化された含水ゲルは重合容器から排出されて次工程に配送されるが、かかる含水ゲルは均一な粒子径と非常に少ない粗大ゲル量であり、通常、質量平均粒子径0.3〜4mmで且つ粒子径10mm以上の粗大ゲルの割合が5質量%以下である。
すなわち、本発明で好ましくは質量平均粒子径0.3〜4mm、より好ましくは0.5〜3mm、さらに好ましくは0.8〜2mmにまで含水ゲルは細分化される。また、低減される粗大ゲルとは5cm以上(好ましくは1cm以上)の状態を指し、排出される細分化ゲル中でその粗大ゲルの含有量も好ましくは全体の7質量%以下、より好ましくは5質量%以下、さらに好ましくは3質量%以下、特に好ましくは1質量%以下とされる。従来、数%〜数10%の粗大ゲルが発生していたものを本発明では如何なる重合条件(温度、濃度、可溶分など)でも大幅に低減できるので好ましい。
【0041】
重合の圧力(重合容器の内圧)は常圧、減圧、加圧と適宜選ばれ、これらが併用されてもよく、沸騰温度を下げるために減圧下に水を留去しながら行うのも好ましい態様であるが、操作の容易さ等のため、より好ましくは実質常圧下で行う。また、かかる常圧下重合は気流下で行なわれ、重合熱の一部が蒸発で除去されることが好ましく、窒素などの気流が用いられる。
上記単量体水溶液を重合する際には、例えば、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸ナトリウム、t−ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド、過酸化水素、2,2’−アゾビス(2−アミジノプロパン)二塩酸塩、2−ヒドロキシ−1−フェニル−プロパン−1−オン、ベンゾインメチルエーテル等の重合開始剤の1種または2種以上を用いることができる。さらに、これら重合開始剤の分解を促進する還元剤を併用し、両者を組み合わせることによりレドックス系開始剤とすることもできる。上記の還元剤としては、例えば、亜硫酸ナトリウム、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム等の(重)亜硫酸(塩)、L−アスコルビン酸(塩)、第一鉄塩等の還元性金属(塩)、アミン類等が挙げられるが、特に限定されるものではない。好ましくは、過硫酸塩および/または過酸化水素とのレドックス重合が適用される。また、これらの重合開始剤や還元剤の使用量は、単量体に対して、通常0.001〜2モル%、好ましくは0.01〜0.5モル%である。
【0042】
また、重合される前記単量体水溶液は重合促進の面から、さらに微量の遷移金属を含むことが好ましく、特に好ましくは微量の鉄の存在下で重合される。用いられる遷移金属の含有量は0〜5質量ppm(対単量体/カチオン換算)の範囲が好ましく、さらに好ましくは0.1〜2質量ppmの範囲、特に好ましくは0.2〜1質量ppmの範囲である。遷移金属が過剰だと残存モノマーや水可溶分が増加する傾向にあり、また、遷移金属が少ないと重合速度が低下する傾向にある。
また、重合開始剤を用いる代わりに、反応系に放射線、電子線、紫外線などの活性エネルギー線を照射することにより重合反応を行ってもよいし、それらを重合開始剤と併用してもよい。なお、上記重合反応における反応温度や反応時間も特に限定されるものではなく、親水性単量体や重合開始剤の種類、反応温度などに応じて適宜決定すればよいが、通常、沸点以下で3時間以内、好ましくは1時間以内、さらに好ましくは0.5時間以内であり、ピーク温度で150℃以下、さらに好ましくは90〜120℃で重合がなされる。
【0043】
(5)その他の重合方法
さらに11〜1000質量ppmのフルフラールを用いる本発明において、せん断力を有する重合器で細分化する重合以外のその他の特定の重合方法への適用も可能であり、具体的に、高温重合や遷移金属共存下での重合に本願発明は好適に応用できる。すなわち、前記(4)に記載の条件は下記特定の重合にも適用できる。
すなわち、本発明は、アクリル酸(塩)を含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合する工程と得られた含水ゲルを細分化する工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、
(A)前記水溶性不飽和単量体がフルフラールを11〜1000質量ppm(対単量体)含有すること、
(B1)重合開始温度が30℃以上であること、および、(B2)前記水溶性不飽和単量体が遷移金属を含有すること、の2つから選ばれる少なくとも1つであること、および、
(C)得られた細分化された含水ゲルが、質量平均粒子径0.3〜4mmで且つ粒子径10mm以上の粗大ゲルの割合が5質量%以下であること、
を特徴とする、吸水性樹脂の製造方法をも提供する。
【0044】
従来の重合において、重合開始温度が常温よりも高い30℃以上であること、および、重合開始剤が遷移金属を含有すること、の2つから選ばれる少なくとも一つである場合、重合前の単量体の安定性が悪かったが、フルフラールを11〜1000質量ppmを用いる本願発明ではかかる問題も解決される。用いられる水溶性不飽和単量体や重合条件は前述の範囲であり、ベルト重合など静置重合する方法(米国特許第6241928号明細書、米国特許第6174978号明細書、米国特許第4857610号明細書)も適用が可能であるが、重合時の細分化が行なわれることが好ましい。
【0045】
さらに、本発明は逆相懸濁重合にも好適に適用できる。
すなわち、本発明は、アクリル酸(塩)を含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合すると同時に細分化された含水ゲルを得る重合工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、前記水溶性不飽和単量体がフルフラールを11〜1000質量ppm(対単量体)含有することを特徴とする、吸水性樹脂の製造方法を提供し、その際の重合方法として好ましくは、前記架橋重合が逆相懸濁重合であり、細分化された含水ゲルが有機溶媒中での懸濁重合と同時に得られる製造方法である。
【0046】
逆相懸濁重合とは、単量体水溶液を疎水性有機溶媒に質量平均粒子径1〜0.1mm程度の粒子状で懸濁させる重合法であり、重合と同時に製品粒径のゲル粒子が得られる利点があり、例えば、米国特許第4093776号明細書、米国特許第4367323号明細書、米国特許第4446261号明細書、米国特許第4683274号明細書、米国特許第5244735号明細書などの米国特許に記載されている。
本発明において、水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液中に必要により界面活性剤や保護コロイドから選ばれる分散剤を溶解あるいは分散して含有させてもよい。特に逆相懸濁重合を本発明に採用する場合、この分散剤を単量体水溶液中に含有させることによって、疎水性有機溶剤での単量体ないし重合体の粒子形状での分散がより均一に起こり、最終的に得られる吸水性樹脂の粒子径分布がより狭くなる。
【0047】
これらの界面活性剤の例としては、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルフェニルエーテル燐酸エステルやポリオキシエチレントリデシルエーテル燐酸エステル(いずれも第一工業製薬製:商品名プライサーフ)などの(ポリオキシエチレン)燐酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェノールエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル等の非イオン系界面活性剤や、高級アルコール硫酸エステル、アルキルナフタレンスルホン酸塩、アルキルポリオキシエチレンサルフェート塩、ジアルキルスルホコハク酸塩等のアニオン系界面活性剤等の中から一種又は二種以上を分割選択して用いることができ、これらは一括または分割して重合系に添加できる。さらに、高分子保護コロイドとしては、エチルセルロース、エチルヒドロキシセルロース、(無水)マレイン酸−エチレン共重合体、(無水)マレイン酸−ブタジエン共重合体等が例示できる。中でも脂肪酸エステル系の界面活性剤、さらにはHLBが8以上の非イオン系界面活性剤又はアニオン系界面活性剤が好ましい。界面活性剤ないし分散剤の使用量は、一般に水溶性不飽和単量体に対し0.05〜10質量%、好ましくは0.5〜5質量%である。
【0048】
本発明で使用される疎水性有機溶剤としては、単量体水溶液と混和せず二相を形成するものであれば特に制限なく、例えば、n−ペンタン、n−ヘキサン、n−ヘプタン、n−オクタン等の脂肪族炭化水素類;シクロヘキサン、シクロオクタン、メチルシクロヘキサン、デカリン等の置換基を有してもよい脂環族炭化水素類;ベンゼン、エチルベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の置換基を有してもよい芳香族炭化水素水等があげられ、これらの1種または2種以上の混合物を使用できる。特に好ましくはn−ヘキサン、n−ヘプタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、トルエンまたはキシレンである。疎水性有機溶剤と単量体水溶液の比率は3:2〜4:1程度が好ましい。重合中あるいは重合後に分散剤や疎水性有機溶剤を加えてもよい。
【0049】
これらの溶媒中に単量体を一括ないし分割で分散させ、単量体ないしその重合体の分散した溶媒を好ましくは40〜90℃の範囲、より好ましくは50〜80℃の範囲で加熱して、好ましくは0.5〜10時間の範囲、より好ましくは1〜5時間の範囲で重合すればよい。分散時の質量平均粒子径は通常10〜2000μmの範囲、物性面から好ましくは100〜1000μmの範囲、さらに好ましくは200〜600μmの範囲であり、さらに850μm以上および150μm以下の微粉末の含有量は少ないほど、具体的には各々10質量%以下、さらには5質量%以下が好ましい。これらは分散剤や溶媒の種類や量、攪拌動力、さらには造粒などで適宜調整すればよい。
【0050】
本発明で逆相懸濁重合を行うことで、重合も温和に制御され、さらに驚くべき特徴として実質着色もない、白色の吸水性樹脂粒子が得られる。
すなわち、11〜1000質量ppmのフルフラール存在下で重合する方法において、吸水性樹脂の着色を改善することに逆相懸濁重合が好適であることが見出された。従来、多量の溶媒に分散させる逆相懸濁重合は高濃度(例えば、単量体水溶液で40質量%以上)にすると、重合の暴発の危険性からスケールアップ(例えば、1m3以上、特に5m3以上での反応容器)での工業的製造が困難となり、生産性が低いものであったが、11〜1000質量ppmのフルフラール存在下で重合することで、かかる問題も解決し、フルフラールを共存させるとさらに重合時に適度の粒子の凝集(造粒)が起こって、微粒子の少ない粒子径の制御された逆相懸濁重合による吸水性樹脂が得られる。また、逆相懸濁重合の大きな利点として、フルフラールを用いても吸水性樹脂の着色がなく、実質白色、すなわちYellow−Index(YI)で好ましくは0〜10、より好ましくは0〜8、さらに好ましくは0〜6という吸水性樹脂が得られる。なお、色の測定法は、例えば、特開平11−322846号公報(欧州特許第9420914号明細書)および特開平11−71529号公報に記載されている。
【0051】
すなわち、本発明は、アクリル酸(塩)および11〜1000質量ppm(対単量体)のフルフラールを含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合して得られた吸水性樹脂であって、YIが0〜10の吸水性樹脂をも提供する。かかる吸水性樹脂は例えば上記の逆相懸濁重合で得られるが、水溶液重合を用いる場合、重合後に水や親水性有機溶媒で洗浄したり、市販の脱色剤や漂白剤などを添加するなどしても得られる。また、かかる吸水性樹脂は、さらに好ましくは、前述ないしは後述の諸特性を示す。
(6)重合後の好ましい工程(重合後の乾燥・粉砕・表面架橋)
重合工程で得られたゲル状架橋重合体は、必要によりミートチョッパーや特願2001−232734号に例示のゲル粉砕機などで細分化される。さらに好ましくは乾燥され、必要により粉砕や分級される。本発明の吸水性樹脂は高物性であるため、かかる工程を経ることでさらに物性が改良される。
【0052】
本発明で乾燥とは水分を除去する操作のことであり、その乾燥減量(粉末1gを180℃で3時間加熱)から求められる樹脂固形分が、好ましくは80質量%以上、より好ましくは85〜99質量%の範囲、さらに好ましくは90〜98質量%の範囲、特に好ましくは92〜97質量%の範囲に調整される。また、乾燥温度は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、100〜300℃の範囲内が好ましく、より好ましくは150〜250℃の範囲内とすればよい。乾燥方法としては、加熱乾燥、熱風乾燥、減圧乾燥、赤外線乾燥、マイクロ波乾燥、ドラムドライヤー乾燥、疎水性有機溶媒との共沸による脱水、高温の水蒸気を用いた高湿乾燥等、種々の方法を採用することができ、特に限定されるものではないが、水溶液重合を適用する場合、好ましくは露点40℃〜100℃、より好ましくは露点50〜90℃の水蒸気を含有する気体での熱風乾燥がより好ましい。また、逆相懸濁重合には共沸脱水が好適に適用される。
【0053】
本発明の方法で得られる吸水性樹脂の形状については、特に制限がなく、不定形破砕状や球状等の粉末、ゲル状、シート状、棒状、繊維状、フィルム状であってもよく、また、繊維基材などに複合化や担持させてもよい。
吸水性樹脂が粉末の場合、その質量平均粒子径としては、通常10〜2000μmの範囲、物性面から好ましくは100〜1000μmの範囲、さらに好ましくは200〜600μmの範囲であり、さらに850μm以上および150μm以下の微粉末の含有量は少ないほど、具体的には各々10質量%以下、さらには5質量%以下が好ましい。
【0054】
次いで、本発明の表面架橋についてさらに説明する。
吸水性樹脂の表面架橋とは、重合体内部に均一な架橋構造を吸水性樹脂の表面層にさらに架橋密度の高い部分を設けることである。
本発明で得られる吸水性樹脂は水可溶分が少なく、また吸収倍率が高いため、優れた表面架橋効果が得られ、さらに高い物性や特性を発揮することが出来るので好ましい。
ここに、表面架橋とは、樹脂内部の均一な架橋構造の他にさらに表面層に架橋密度の高い部分を設けることであり、後述の表面架橋剤を用いて行われる。表面架橋剤が樹脂表面に浸透したり樹脂表面を被覆したりするのでもよい。樹脂を表面架橋することによって、加圧下吸収倍率や加圧下通液性が高まる。
【0055】
本発明にかかる吸水性樹脂は、生理食塩水に対する加圧下吸収倍率(4.9kPa)が好ましくは20g/g以上、より好ましくは23g/g以上、さらに好ましくは25g/g以上である。また、生理食塩水に対する加圧下吸収倍率(1.9Pa)は好ましくは20g/g以上、より好ましくは25g/g以上、さらに好ましくは28g/g以上、特に好ましくは32g/g以上であり、無荷重下での吸水倍率は好ましくは25g/g以上、さらには好ましくは28g/g以上、特に好ましくは32g/g以上という高物性の吸水性樹脂を、本発明の方法では容易且つ安定的に製造することができる。また、加圧下通液量(SFC)は好ましくは10×10-7以上、より好ましくは20×10-7以上、さらに好ましくは50×10-7以上とされる。なお、これらの測定法は、後述の実施例で規定する。
【0056】
上記表面架橋を行うための架橋剤としては、種々のものがあるが、物性の観点から、一般的には、多価アルコール化合物、エポキシ化合物、多価アミン化合物またはそのハロエポキシ化合物との縮合物、オキサゾリン化合物、モノ、ジ、またはポリオキサゾリジノン化合物、多価金属塩、アルキレンカーボネート化合物等が用いられている。
本発明で用いられる表面架橋剤としては、具体的には、米国特許第6228930号明細書、米国特許第6071976号明細書、米国特許第6254990号明細書などに例示されている。例えば、モノ,ジ,トリ,テトラまたはポリエチレングリコール、モノプロピレングリコール、1,3−プロパンジオール、ジプロピレングリコール、2,3,4−トリメチル−1,3−ペンタンジオール、ポリプロピレングリコール、グリセリン、ポリグリセリン、2−ブテン−1,4−ジオール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,3−ブタンジオール、1,5−ペンタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、1,2−シクロヘキサンジメタノールなどの多価アルコール化合物;エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルやグリシドールなどのエポキシ化合物;エチレンジアミン、ジエチレントリアミン、トリエチレンテトラミン、テトラエチレンペンタミン、ペンタエチレンヘキサミン、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリアミドポリアミン等の多価アミン化合物;エピクロロヒドリン、エピブロムヒドリン、α−メチルエピクロロヒドリン等のハロエポキシ化合物;上記多価アミン化合物と上記ハロエポキシ化合物との縮合物;エチレンカーボネートなどのアルキレンカーボネート化合物;2−オキサゾリジノンなどのモノ,ジ,ポリオキサゾリジノン化合物;2−オキソテトラハイドロ−1,3−オキジネン化合物、エチレンビスオキサゾリンなどのオキサゾリジン化合物;3−メチル−オキセタン−3−メタノールなどのオキセタン化合物;等の1種または2種以上が挙げられるが、特に限定されるものではない。また、これらの2種以上を併用してもよい。本発明の効果を最大限にするために、これらの架橋剤の中でも少なくとも多価アルコールを用いることが好ましく、好ましくは炭素数2〜10、より好ましくは炭素数3〜8の多価アルコールが用いられる。
【0057】
表面架橋剤の使用量は、用いる化合物やそれらの組み合わせ等にもよるが、樹脂の固形分100質量部に対して、0.001質量部〜10質量部の範囲内が好ましく、0.01質量部〜5質量部の範囲内がより好ましい。
本発明において、表面架橋には水を用いることが好ましい。この際、使用される水の量は、使用する吸水性樹脂の含水率にもよるが、通常、吸水性樹脂100質量部に対し、好ましくは0.5〜20質量部の範囲、より好ましくは0.5〜10質量部の範囲である。また、本発明において、水以外に親水性有機溶媒を用いてもよい。使用される親水性有機溶媒の量は、吸水性樹脂100質量部に対して、好ましくは0〜10質量部の範囲、より好ましくは0〜5質量部の範囲、さらに好ましくは0〜3質量部の範囲である。架橋剤溶液の温度は混合性や安定性から、好ましくは0℃〜沸点、より好ましくは5〜50℃、さらに好ましくは10〜30℃にさせる。また、混合前の吸水性樹脂粉末の温度は、混合性から、好ましくは0〜80℃、さらに好ましくは40〜70℃の範囲である。
【0058】
さらに、本発明では種々の混合方法のうち、必要により水及び/または親水性有機溶媒とを予め混合した後、次いで、その水溶液を吸水性樹脂に噴霧あるいは滴下混合する方法が好ましく、噴霧する方法がより好ましい。噴霧される液滴の大きさは、300μm以下が好ましく、200μm以下がより好ましい。また混合に際し、本発明の効果を妨げない範囲で水不溶性微粒子粉体や界面活性剤を共存させてもよい。
前記混合に用いられる好適な混合装置は、均一な混合を確実にするため大きな混合力を生み出せることが必要である。本発明に用いることのできる混合装置としては種々の混合機が使用されるが、好ましくは、高速攪拌形混合機、特に高速攪拌形連続混合機であり、例えば、商品名タービュライザー(細川ミクロン社製)や商品名レディゲミキサー(ドイツ・レディゲ社製)などが用いら用いられる。
【0059】
架橋剤を混合後の吸水性樹脂は好ましくは加熱処理される。上記加熱処理を行う際の条件としては、加熱温度は、好ましくは100〜250℃、より好ましくは150〜250℃であり、加熱時間は、好ましくは1分〜2時間の範囲である。温度と時間の組み合わせの好適例としては、180℃で0.1〜1.5時間、200℃で0.1〜1時間である。
加熱処理は、通常の乾燥機又は加熱炉を用いて行うことができる。乾燥機としては、例えば、溝型混合乾燥機、ロータリー乾燥機、ディスク乾燥機、流動層乾燥機、気流型乾燥機、赤外線乾燥機等が挙げられる。また、加熱後の吸水性樹脂は必要に応じて冷却してもよい。
【0060】
なお、これらの表面架橋方法は、欧州特許第0349240号明細書、欧州特許第0605150号明細書、欧州特許第0450923号明細書、欧州特許第0812873号明細書、欧州特許第0450924号明細書、欧州特許第0668080号明細書などの各種欧州特許や、日本における特開平7−242709号公報、特開平7−224304号公報などの各種日本特許、米国特許第5409771号明細書、米国特許第5597873号明細書、米国特許第5385983号明細書、米国特許第5610220号明細書、米国特許第5633316号明細書、米国特許第5674633号明細書、米国特許第5462972号明細書などの各種米国特許、国際公開第99/42494号パンフレット、国際公開第99/43720号パンフレット、国際公開第99/42496号パンフレットなどの各種国際公開特許にも記載されており、これらの表面架橋方法も本発明に適用できる。
【0061】
(7)本発明の吸水性樹脂の用途
本発明の吸水性樹脂に、消毒剤、抗菌剤、香料、各種の無機粉末、発泡剤、顔料、キレート剤、染料、親水性短繊維、肥料、酸化剤、還元剤、水、塩類等を好ましくは20質量部以下、より好ましくは10質量部以下の量で製造工程途中や製造後に添加し、これにより、種々の機能を付与させることもできる。好ましく添加される化合物として、キレート剤、水不溶性無機粉末および/またはポリアミンが挙げられる。
本発明の方法によれば、無加圧下の吸収倍率、加圧下の吸収倍率、可溶分のバランスに優れた良好な吸収特性を備えた吸水性樹脂を簡便に製造することができ、農園芸保水剤、工業用保水剤、吸湿剤、除湿剤、建材、などで広く用いられるが、その吸水性樹脂は紙おむつ、生理用ナプキンなどの衛生材料に特に好適に用いられる。さらに、本発明の吸水性樹脂は上記3つの物性にバランスよく優れるため、衛生材料は一般に吸水性樹脂の濃度(吸水性樹脂および繊維基材の合計に対する吸水性樹脂の質量比)として高濃度、例えば30〜100質量%、好ましくは40〜100質量%の範囲、さらに好ましくは50〜95質量%で使用可能である。
【0062】
【実施例】
以下、実施例に従って発明を説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定され解釈させるものではない。また、本発明の特許請求の範囲や実施例に記載の諸物性は、以下の測定法に従って求めた。
(1)生理食塩水に対する無荷重下での吸収倍率
米国特許第5164459号明細書に準じて吸収倍率を求めた。すなわち、吸水性樹脂200mgを不織布製袋(60×60mm)に均一に入れシールをして、25(±3)℃の0.9質量%生理食塩水100gに浸漬した。60分後に袋を引き上げ、遠心分離機を用いて250G(250×9.81m/sec2)で3分間水切りを行った後、袋の質量W1(mg)を測定した。同様の操作を吸水性樹脂を用いないで行い、そのときの質量W2(mg)を求め、下記の式で吸収倍率を算出した。
【0063】
無荷重下の吸収倍率(g/g)=(W1−W2)/200
(2)水可溶性分
吸水性樹脂500mgを1,000mlの室温の脱イオン水に分散し、40mmのマグネテックスターラーで16時間攪拌後、ろ紙(TOYO、No.6)で膨潤ゲルを分離し、ろ過した。次いで、吸水性樹脂から溶出した濾液中の水溶性ポリアクリル酸塩を、メチルグリコールキトサンとポリビニル硫酸カリウムを用いてコロイド滴定することで、吸水性樹脂中の水可溶分の質量%(対吸水性樹脂)を求めた。
【0064】
(3)残存モノマー
上記(2)において、別途、調整した2時間攪拌後の濾液を液体クロマトクラフィーでUV分析することで、吸水性樹脂の残存モノマー量(質量ppm/対吸水性樹脂)も分析した。
(4)加圧下吸収倍率
米国特許第6228930号明細書、米国特許第6071976号明細書、米国特許第6254990号明細書を参照して、生理食塩水に対する加圧下の吸収倍率を測定した。
【0065】
吸水性樹脂0.900gを前記米国特許記載の方法で、所定の荷重(4.9kPa)をかけて、60分にわたって経時的に吸水性樹脂が吸水した生理食塩水の質量Wa(g)を天秤の測定値から求めた。別途、同様の操作を吸水性樹脂を用いないで行い、吸水性樹脂以外の、例えば、濾紙等が吸水した生理食塩水の質量Wb(g)を天秤の測定値から求めブランク値とし、下記の式で吸収倍率を算出した。
4.9kPa加圧下の吸収倍率(g/g)=(Wa−Wb)/0.900
(5)加圧下通液性(生理食塩水流れ誘導性:SFC)
加圧下通液性の測定方法としては、国際公開第95/22356号パンフレットに従って、吸水性樹脂0.9gを20g/cm2(約1.9kPa)の荷重下で1時間膨潤させたのち、0.0018M−NaCl溶液(20〜25℃)による20g/cm2(約1.9kPa)での膨潤ゲルの生理食塩水流れ誘導性(Saline Flow Conductivity/SFCと略する)を求めた。なお、単位は〔cm3・s・g-1〕であり、数値が大きいほど、通液性が大きい。
【0066】
(6)ピーク時間および誘導時間
重合中の単量体ないし重合ゲルの温度を温度計で測定し、開始剤添加から温度の上昇までの時間(分)を誘導時間、さらに、重合系の最高温度までの時間をピーク時間とした。
(7)粗大ゲル
重合して得られた細分化された含水ゲル状架橋重合体を温度60〜80℃に保ち、目開き10mmのテフロン(登録商標)コートされた格子で含水ゲルを分級する事で、格子上に残った粗大ゲルの質量%(対全含水ゲル)を求めた。
【0067】
(8)含水ゲルの質量平均粒子径
含水ゲルを湿式分級して粒度分布を求めて、対数確率紙にプロットすることで、質量平均粒子径D50を求めた。
(9)吸水性樹脂粉末の色
特開平11−322846号公報(欧州特許第942014号明細書)および特開平11−71529号公報を参考にして吸水性樹脂粉末の色を以下に測定した。すなわち、得られた吸水性樹脂記粉末約3gをペースト試料台(30mmΦ)にすべて充填して、その着色度(YI)について、日本電色工業株式会社(製)分光式色差計SZ−Σ80 COLOR MEASURING SYSTEMを用いて、設定条件(反射測定/付属の粉末・ペースト試料台(30mmΦ)/標準として粉末・ペースト用・標準丸白板NO2/30Φ投光パイプ)にて、吸水性樹脂の表面色を測定した。
【0068】
[実施例1]
アクリル酸451.7g、アクリル酸ナトリウムの37質量%の水溶液4780.3g、内部架橋剤としてポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均ポリエチレングリコールユニット数8)8.5481g、フルフラール201.6質量ppm(対単量体固形分)および水275.4gから成る、濃度40質量%の水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液(1)を調整した。
フルフラール201.6質量ppmを含有する該水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液(1)を、剪断力を有する重合容器として内容量10Lでシグマ型羽根を2本有するジャケット付きステンレス性双腕型ニーダーに蓋を付けた反応器に供給し、該水溶液を25℃に保ちながら20分間窒素置換を行った。次いで、窒素気流下で25℃の温水を通じて羽根を回転させながら、過硫酸ナトリウムの20質量%水溶液22.6gとL−アスコルビン酸の1.0質量%水溶液を12.5g添加したところ、20秒後に重合が開始した。重合開始と同時にジャケットの温水を70℃まで昇温させ、重合しながら含水ゲル状架橋重合体の剪断を行ない、10.5分後に反応系はピーク温度に達し、ピーク温度を示してから20分後に重合を終了させた。
【0069】
こうして得られた含水ゲル状架橋重合体(1)は粒子状に細分化されており、粒径が10mm以上の粗大ゲルは全体の0質量%であった。
次いで、粒子状の該架橋重合体(1)を層厚約50mmにて目開き300μmの金網に広げて積層し、次いで、ゲルの上下方向に170℃の熱風(露点50℃)を1m/秒、1時間通気させる事で、熱風乾燥を行った。こうして得られた粒子状の乾燥重合体からなるブロック状乾燥物を粉砕し、さらにJIS標準850μm篩で分級する事で吸水性樹脂粉末(1)を得た。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例2]
アクリル酸513.6g、アクリル酸ナトリウムの37質量%の水溶液4544.5g、内部架橋剤としてポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均ポリエチレングリコールユニット数8)8.5481g、フルフラール205.3質量ppm(対単量体固形分)および水393.4gから成る、濃度40質量%の水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液(2)を調整した。
【0070】
フルフラール205.3質量ppmを含有する該単量体水溶液(2)を実施例1と同様の重合容器に供給し、該水溶液を40℃に保ちながら20分間窒素置換を行った。次いで、40℃の温水を通じて羽根を回転させながら過硫酸ナトリウムの20質量%水溶液22.6gとL−アスコルビン酸の1.0質量%水溶液を12.5g添加したところ、10秒後に重合が開始した。重合開始と同時に温水を60℃まで昇温させ、重合しながら含水ゲル状架橋重合体の剪断を行ない、9.0分後に反応系はピーク温度に達した後、ピークから20分後に重合を終了させた。
【0071】
得られた含水ゲル状架橋重合体(2)は粒子状に細分化されており、粒径が10mm以上の粗大ゲルは全体の0質量%であった。以下、実施例1と同様に乾燥および粉砕・分級することで吸水性樹脂粉末(2)を得た。結果を表1に示す。
[比較例1]
実施例1において調整する水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を変更する事で、フルフラール量を0.3質量ppm(対単量体固形分)とした、濃度40質量%の比較水溶性単量体水溶液(1)を調整した。
フルフラール0.3質量ppmを含有する該比較水溶性単量体水溶液(1)を実施例1の重合容器に供給し、以下、実施例1と同様に窒素置換し、同様に過硫酸ナトリウムおよびL−アスコルビン酸を添加したところ、10秒後に重合が開始した。重合開始と同時に温水を60℃まで昇温させ、8.5分後に反応系はピーク温度に達した。その後、実施例1と同様に重合しながら含水ゲル状架橋重合体の剪断を行ない、ピーク温度を示してから20分後に重合を終了させた。
【0072】
得られた比較含水ゲル状重合体(1)はその大部分が実施例1と同様の1mm前後の粒子状であったが、十分には細分化されておらず、一部塊状ゲルが見られ、粒径が10mm以上の含水ゲル(粗大ゲル)が全体の8.0質量%存在した。次いで、粒子状の比較含水ゲル状架橋重合体(1)を実施例1と同様に1時間乾燥したが、混入した粗大ゲルが十分は乾燥できず、1時間の乾燥時間では未乾燥物が乾燥重合体中に数%混入しており、乾燥は不完全であり、また未乾燥物の付着のためにその後の粉砕および分級操作が不可能であった。結果を表1に示す。
【0073】
[比較例2]
比較例1において、未乾物を数%含む乾燥重合体をさらに1時間の乾燥を行なった。すなわち、粒子状の比較含水ゲル状架橋重合体(1)を2時間乾燥後、実施例1と同様に粉砕することで比較吸水性樹脂粉末(2)を得た。結果を表1に示す。
[実施例3]
アクリル酸447.6g、アクリル酸ナトリウムの37質量%の水溶液4736.5g、内部架橋剤としてポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均ポリエチレングリコールユニット数8)8.4657g、フルフラール205.3質量ppm(対単量体固形分)および水270.5gから成る、濃度40質量%の水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液(3)を調整した。フルフラール205.3ppmを含有する該単量体水溶液(3)を実施例1と同様の重合容器に供給し、該水溶液を25℃に保ちながら20分間窒素置換を行った。
【0074】
次いで、25℃の温水を通じて羽根を回転させながら、先ず対単量体固形分で1質量ppm(Fe換算)になる様に3価のFeイオン標準液の0.1質量%水溶液を2.2g加え、さらに開始剤として過硫酸ナトリウムの20質量%水溶液22.4gとL−アスコルビン酸の1.0質量%水溶液を12.4g添加したところ、20秒後に重合が開始した。重合開始と同時に温水を60℃まで昇温させ、重合しながら含水ゲル状架橋重合体の剪断を行ない、11.5分後に反応系はピーク温度に達した後、ピークから20分後に重合を終了させた。
得られた含水ゲル状架橋重合体(3)は粒子状に細分化されており、粒径が10mm以上の粗大ゲルは全体の0質量%であった。以下、実施例1と同様に乾燥および粉砕・分級することで吸水性樹脂粉末(3)を得た。結果を表1に示す。
【0075】
【表1】

Figure 0004150252
【0076】
表1で示されるように、アクリル酸(塩)を含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合すると同時に得られた含水ゲルを細分化する重合工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、単量体水溶液にフルフラールを11〜1000質量ppm(対単量体固形分)含有することで、重合時の粗大ゲルが全く或いは殆ど生成せず、結果的に、重合時間や乾燥時間が短縮され、さらに、物性も向上し、かつ未乾物由来の乾燥後の粉砕工程や分級工程が停止してしまうことも防止できる。
[実施例4]
実施例1で得られた吸水性樹脂粉末(1)500gに、1,4−ブタンジオール/プロピレングリコール/水=0.32/0.5/2.73質量%(対粉末)からなる表面架橋剤水溶液を添加して、得られた混合物を212℃のオイルバスで加熱されたミキサー中で35分間加熱攪拌することで、表面架橋された吸水性樹脂粉末(4)を得た。結果を表2に示す。
【0077】
【表2】
Figure 0004150252
【0078】
表2で示されるように、優れた表面架橋効果を示す。
[実施例5]
アクリル酸21.62g、アクリル酸ナトリウムの37質量%の水溶液228.77g、内部架橋剤としてポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均ポリエチレングリコールユニット数8)0.292g、フルフラール203.5質量ppm(対単量体固形分)および水13.11gから成る、濃度40質量%の水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液(5)を調整した。
次いで該水溶液を、40℃に保ちながら30分間窒素置換を行った後、内容積約500mlの円筒形ポリプロピレン製容器に入れた。該重合容器は蓋をして窒素雰囲気下、40度で保温され、重合開始剤として、過硫酸ナトリウムの10質量%水溶液1.44gとL−アスコルビン酸の0.5質量%水溶液を0.43g添加したところ、10秒後に重合が開始し、11分でピーク温度を示した。ピーク温度を示してから10分後に重合を終了させた。
【0079】
得られた含水ゲル状架橋重合体(5)を数mmに裁断し、170℃の熱風で30分間乾燥を行った後、乾燥物を振動ミルを用いて粉砕し、さらにJIS標準850μm篩で分級する事で吸水性樹脂粉末(5)を得た。結果を表3に示す。
[比較例3]
実施例5において、水溶性不飽和単量体(5)を温度を40℃から20℃に変更する以外は、同様に窒素置換した。以下、20℃の水溶性不飽和単量体(5)に実施例3と同様に重合開始剤を添加したところ、30秒後に重合が開始し、重合熱で昇温したものの、ピーク温度まで達するのに84分を要し、ピーク温度を示してから10分後に重合を終了させた。得られた比較含水ゲル状架橋重合体(3)を実施例5と同様に裁断、乾燥したのち、同様に粉砕および分級する事で、比較吸水性樹脂粉末(3)を得た。結果を表3に示す。
【0080】
[実施例6]
実施例5において、水溶性不飽和単量体(5)を温度を40℃から20℃に変更する以外は、同様に窒素置換した。以下、20℃の水溶性不飽和単量体(6)に、対単量体固形分に対して3価のFeイオンとして1質量ppmになる様に市販のFe標準溶液(Feイオン濃度;100質量ppm)を1.063g添加した後、重合開始剤として、過硫酸ナトリウムの10質量%水溶液1.44gとL−アスコルビン酸の0.5質量%水溶液を0.43g添加したところ、10秒後に重合が開始し、34分でピーク温度を示した。ピーク温度を示してから10分後に重合を終了させた。
【0081】
得られた含水ゲル状架橋重合体(6)を実施例5と同様に裁断、乾燥したのち、同様に粉砕および分級する事で、吸水性樹脂粉末(6)を得た。結果を表3に示す。
【0082】
【表3】
Figure 0004150252
【0083】
表3で示されるように、フルフラールを用いることで高温重合や遷移金属存在下での重合も安定的に行える。
[実施例7]
アクリル酸18.0g及びフルフラール含有量が70質量ppm(対固形分)のアクリル酸ナトリウムの37質量%水溶液190.6g、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均エチレングリコールユニット数8)0.2435g、イオン交換水43.1gを用いて、モノマー濃度35質量%、中和率75%の水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液(7)を得、この単量体水溶液(7)に過硫酸ナトリウム0.048gを溶解させ、窒素ガスを吹き込んで溶存酸素を追い出した。
【0084】
撹拌機、還流冷却器、温度計、窒素ガス導入管および滴下ロートを付した四つ口セパラブルフラスコ中にシクロヘキサン389.5gを取り、分散剤としてエチルセルロース(ハーキュレス社製 品番N−200)1.77gを加えて溶解させ、窒素ガスを吹き込んで溶存酸素を追い出した。次いで、単量体水溶液(7)を上記セパラブルフラスコに加えて225rpmで攪拌させることにより分散させた。その後、浴温を65℃に昇温して重合反応を開始させた後、2時間この温度に保持して重合を完結させた。重合終了後、シクロヘキサンとの共沸脱水により含水ゲル中の大部分の水を留去した後、濾過し、更に80℃で減圧乾燥することにより球状の吸水性樹脂粉末(7)を得た。結果を表4に示す。
【0085】
[実施例8]
フルフラール含有量250ppmのアクリル酸18.0g及びフルフラール含有量が190質量ppm(対固形分)のアクリル酸ナトリウムの37質量%水溶液190.6g、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均エチレングリコールユニット数8)0.2435g、イオン交換水11.0gを用いて、モノマー濃度40質量%、中和率75%の水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液(8)を得、この単量体水溶液(8)に過硫酸ナトリウム0.072gを溶解させ、窒素ガスを吹き込んで溶存酸素を追い出した。
【0086】
撹拌機、還流冷却器、温度計、窒素ガス導入管および滴下ロートを付した四つ口セパラブルフラスコ中にシクロヘキサン389.5gを取り、分散剤としてエチルセルロース(ハーキュレス社製 品番N−200)1.77gを加えて溶解させ、窒素ガスを吹き込んで溶存酸素を追い出した。次いで、単量体水溶液(8)を上記セパラブルフラスコに加えて225rpmで攪拌させることにより分散させた。その後、浴温を65℃に昇温して重合反応を開始させた後、2時間この温度に保持して重合を完結させた。重合終了後、シクロヘキサンとの共沸脱水により含水ゲル中の大部分の水を留去した後、濾過し、更に80℃で減圧乾燥することにより球状の吸水性樹脂粉末(8)を得た。結果を表4に示す。
【0087】
【表4】
Figure 0004150252
【0088】
表4で示されるように、フルフラールを用いることで高温重合や高濃度重合も温和に重合でき、さらに、逆相懸濁重合では実質着色もなく、YI≦10の吸水性樹脂が得られる。
【0089】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、アクリル酸(塩)を含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合すると同時に得られた含水ゲルを細分化する重合工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法や、アクリル酸(塩)を含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合する工程と得られた含水ゲルを細分化する工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、粗大ゲルそのものを発生させない製造方法を提供することができる。また、逆相懸濁重合を適用すると、吸水性樹脂の重合も温和に制御され、さらに実質着色もない。さらに、アクリル酸(塩)を含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合する工程と得られた含水ゲルを細分化する工程を含む吸水性樹脂の製造方法においては、高温重合や遷移金属存在下の重合を行う場合において単量体の安定性が悪いという問題を解決できる製造方法を提供することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a water absorbent resin. In more detail, in a method for producing a water-absorbent resin comprising a polymerization step in which an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer containing acrylic acid (salt) is cross-linked and polymerized, the water-containing gel obtained is subdivided. The present invention relates to a method for producing a water-absorbent resin in which various physical properties, polymerization rate and drying rate are improved by subdividing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, water-absorbing resins having a high water-absorbing property have been developed, and are widely used mainly in disposable applications as absorbent articles such as disposable diapers and sanitary napkins, as well as water-holding agents for agriculture and horticulture, industrial water-stopping materials, etc. Yes.
Such a water-absorbent resin is a water-swellable / water-insoluble polymer by slightly cross-linking a hydrophilic polymer. Generally, as a production method thereof, a water-soluble unsaturated monomer such as acrylic acid is polymerized. It is obtained as a powder by crosslinking during or after polymerization. Therefore, as a polymerization method for obtaining a powdery water-absorbing resin, many have been conventionally proposed, such as reverse phase suspension polymerization, aqueous solution polymerization, and precipitation polymerization in which a polymer is precipitated in a solvent. Proposed methods include bulk polymerization in the absence of solvent and spray polymerization in the gas phase. Among these polymerization methods, aqueous solution polymerization or reverse phase suspension is desired because of performance and ease of control of polymerization. Turbid polymerization is the mainstream.
[0003]
Reverse phase suspension polymerization is a polymerization method in which an aqueous monomer solution is suspended in a hydrophobic organic solvent in the form of particles of about 1 to 0.1 mm, and has the advantage that gel particles having a product particle size can be obtained simultaneously with polymerization. (For example, refer to US Pat. No. 4,093,776, US Pat. No. 4,367,323, US Pat. No. 4,446,261, US Pat. No. 4,683,274, etc., but particularly refer to Patent Document 1.) .
However, in reverse-phase suspension polymerization in which a large amount of solvent is dispersed, it is difficult to control the polymerization temperature. In particular, when the concentration is high (for example, 40% by mass or more in the monomer aqueous solution concentration), there is a risk of explosion during polymerization. Therefore, there has been a problem that productivity cannot be improved sufficiently by scaling up.
[0004]
In addition, aqueous solution polymerization is a method of polymerizing an aqueous monomer solution without using a dispersion solvent, and since it can be polymerized only with water, it is excellent in cost, productivity, and product safety. Polymerization while stirring with a kneader or the like (for example, refer to US Pat. No. 6,174,978, US Pat. No. 4,857,610, etc.). It is roughly classified into the method (stir polymerization). In such aqueous solution polymerization, unlike reversed-phase suspension polymerization, a bulk gel having a particle diameter far exceeding the product particle size is obtained by polymerization, so that the gel must be fragmented for drying and commercialization. In such a stirring polymerization, when a polymerization vessel having shearing force such as a kneader is used as a polymerization machine, gel fragmentation is performed simultaneously with the polymerization, so that a gel fragmentation step after polymerization is not necessary and Since the specific surface area of the gel is large, there are advantages that the heat of polymerization is easily removed and the productivity is high.
[0005]
Stir polymerization using such a kneader or the like is performed by supplying a water-soluble unsaturated monomer aqueous solution into a polymerization vessel having a shearing force, and performing a cross-linking polymerization, and at the same time, a water-absorbing resin including a polymerization step for fragmenting the obtained hydrous gel. (For example, US Pat. No. 462501, US Pat. No. 4,985,514, US Pat. No. 5,124,416 by Nippon Shokubai, WO 01/38402 by BASF, US Pat. No. 5,149,750). No. 4, U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,427, U.S. Pat. No. 4,873,299, etc., particularly, see Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4).
[0006]
However, in the method for producing a water-absorbent resin including a polymerization step for fragmenting the water-containing gel obtained at the same time as the crosslinking polymerization, the gel is subdivided to a particle size of about 1 mm at the time of polymerization. Gel fragmentation often takes a long time compared to the polymerization time, and in order to perform sufficient fragmentation, the polymerization time becomes longer than necessary, or the physical properties decrease due to long-time gel fragmentation (shearing). Sometimes happened.
Further, the water-containing gel discharged from the polymerization vessel in this way is subdivided into a particulate gel of several mm (preferably around 1 to 3 mm) by the shearing force during polymerization. %, It was difficult to carry out, and in the obtained fragmented gel, a coarse gel exceeding several centimeters was sometimes mixed by several mass% to 10 mass%.
[0007]
In particular, the by-product of the coarse gel tends to increase when the polymerization initiation temperature is increased, the concentration of the water-soluble unsaturated monomer is increased, or the soluble content of the water-absorbent resin is decreased. Therefore, in the method for producing a water-absorbing resin including a polymerization step for fragmenting the water-containing gel obtained at the same time as the above crosslinking polymerization, the soluble content of the water-absorbing resin is reduced, and the productivity and physical properties are improved. For this reason, when attempting to increase the polymerization initiation temperature or the concentration of the water-soluble unsaturated monomer, there may be a restriction that a coarse gel is produced as a by-product.
In addition, since the drying time of the fragmented gel depends on its specific surface area, the addition of only a few percent of the coarse gel greatly reduces the drying rate of the entire fragmented gel, and not only requires a long period of drying. Such excessive drying causes problems such as a decrease in physical properties or a change or a decrease in physical properties after drying depending on the gel particle diameter. In addition, such a few percent coarse gel may become undried even after drying, and the crushing process and classification process after drying are stopped by the adhesion of undried material (gel) mixed in the dried product. In some cases, operations such as crushing and classification after drying may be impossible.
[0008]
Therefore, a coarse gel mixed in the fragmented gel is classified and removed after polymerization (for example, see JP-A-6-107800, but particularly, see Patent Document 5) or after drying. A method for classifying undried material (for example, as described in US Pat. No. 6,291,636, but in particular, see Patent Document 6) has also been proposed. However, the method of removing the coarse gel and undried material after the polymerization is not only complicated in equipment and has low classification efficiency, but also has a problem of reduced yield due to waste from the classified coarse gel and disposal. It occurred.
In addition, as another problem, in the case of performing high-temperature polymerization or polymerization in the presence of a transition metal, including stationary polymerization such as reverse phase suspension polymerization and belt polymerization, the stability of the monomer even before polymerization or at the time of adjustment. Had the problem of being bad. There was also a problem of coloring in the obtained water-absorbent resin.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
US Pat. No. 5,244,735
[0010]
[Patent Document 2]
US Pat. No. 6,241,928
[0011]
[Patent Document 3]
US Pat. No. 5,250,640
[0012]
[Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent No. 2966539
[0013]
[Patent Document 5]
JP-A-6-142612
[0014]
[Patent Document 6]
International Publication No. 00/24810 Pamphlet
[0015]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above situation. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a method that can solve the above-mentioned conventional problems at a stretch when aqueous solution polymerization (such as stirring polymerization or stationary polymerization) or reverse phase suspension polymerization is performed when producing a water-absorbent resin. It is to provide.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventor has intensively studied. As a result, a method for producing a water-absorbent resin comprising a polymerization step of fragmenting a water-containing gel obtained simultaneously with crosslinking polymerization of an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer containing acrylic acid (salt), acrylic acid (salt) A method for producing a water-absorbent resin comprising a step of crosslinking polymerization of an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer and a step of fragmenting the obtained water-containing gel, and a method for producing a water-soluble unsaturated monomer containing acrylic acid (salt) In the method for producing a water-absorbent resin comprising a polymerization step of obtaining an aqueous gel that is subjected to cross-linking polymerization of an aqueous solution and at the same time, the water-soluble unsaturated monomer contains 11 to 1000 ppm by mass (based on monomer) of furfural. As a result, the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved at once.
[0017]
That is, the method for producing a water-absorbent resin according to the present invention comprises acrylic acid. And / or a total of 50 mol% or more of monovalent salts thereof The water-containing gel obtained is fragmented at the same time as the cross-linking polymerization of aqueous solution of water-soluble unsaturated monomer Aqueous polymerization or reversed phase suspension Includes polymerization process Water swellable and water insoluble In the method for producing a water absorbent resin, the water-soluble unsaturated monomer is furfural. 25-900 Contains ppm by mass (vs. monomer) , It is characterized by that.
Further, another water absorbent resin production method according to the present invention is acrylic acid. And / or a total of 50 mol% or more of monovalent salts thereof Crosslink polymerization of aqueous solution of water-soluble unsaturated monomer Aqueous polymerization or reverse phase suspension polymerization Including a process and a process of subdividing the resulting hydrogel Water swellable and water insoluble In the method for producing a water absorbent resin,
(A) The water-soluble unsaturated monomer is furfural. 25-900 Containing mass ppm (vs. monomer),
(B1) The polymerization start temperature which is the aqueous solution temperature before addition of the polymerization initiator is 30 ° C. or higher, and (B2) the water-soluble unsaturated monomer before addition of the polymerization initiator contains a transition metal. And at least one selected from two of the following:
(C) The obtained finely divided hydrogel has a mass average particle diameter of 0.3 to 4 mm and a ratio of a coarse gel having a particle diameter of 10 mm or more is 5% by mass or less.
It is characterized by.
[0018]
Further, another method for producing a water absorbent resin according to the present invention is acrylic acid. And / or a total of 50 mol% or more of monovalent salts thereof Cross-linking polymerization of aqueous solution of water-soluble unsaturated monomer containing and obtaining finely divided water-containing gel Aqueous polymerization or reversed phase suspension Includes polymerization process Water swellable and water insoluble In the method for producing a water absorbent resin,
The water-soluble unsaturated monomer is furfural. 25-900 Contains ppm by mass (vs. monomer) , It is characterized by that.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. In the present specification, the term “mass” is synonymous with the term “weight” when conventionally used in the meaning of “weight”.
(1) Water absorbent resin
In the present invention, the water-absorbing resin means a water-swellable / water-insoluble resin in which a crosslinked structure is introduced into a polymer, and the water-swellable property is essentially 3 times or more of its own weight under no load, preferably It refers to the ability to absorb a large amount of physiological saline of 5 to 200 times, more preferably 20 to 100 times, and the water insolubility means that the water-soluble content in the resin is essentially 50% by mass or less. , Preferably 25% by mass or less, more preferably 15% by mass or less, and still more preferably 10% by mass or less. In addition, these measuring methods are prescribed | regulated by the below-mentioned Example.
[0020]
(2) Water-soluble unsaturated monomer
Further, in the present invention, the water-absorbent resin preferably contains acrylic acid and / or a salt thereof as a water-soluble unsaturated monomer as a monomer from the viewpoint of physical properties, and is preferably a main component. Monomer (excluding cross-linking agent), the total mol% of acrylic acid and / or its salt is essentially 30 mol% or more, preferably 50 mol%, more preferably 70 mol% or more, and still more preferably 90 mol % Or more, particularly preferably substantially 100 mol%. In addition, a water-soluble monomer refers to the monomer which melt | dissolves in water at room temperature essentially 1 mass% or more, Preferably it is 10 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 30 mass% or more.
[0021]
The acrylate used in the present invention is preferably a monovalent salt of acrylic acid comprising an alkali metal salt, an ammonium salt or an amine salt, more preferably an alkali metal acrylate, more preferably a sodium salt from the viewpoint of physical properties. An acrylate selected from lithium salts and potassium salts is used.
As the water absorbent resin, 20 to 99 mol%, preferably 50 to 95 mol%, more preferably 60 to 90 mol% of the acid groups of the polymer are neutralized. This neutralization may be performed with a monomer before polymerization, or may be performed on a polymer during or after polymerization. Furthermore, neutralization of the monomer and neutralization of the polymer may be used in combination, but neutralization is preferably performed on acrylic acid. Examples of the basic substance used for neutralization include carbonic acid (hydrogen) salts, alkali metal hydroxides, ammonia, organic amines, etc., which are more water-absorbing with improved polymerizability and higher physical properties. In order to obtain the resin, strong alkali treatment, that is, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide are preferable, and sodium hydroxide is particularly preferable.
[0022]
As described above, it is preferable to use acrylic acid and / or a salt thereof as a main component as a monomer, but other monomers may be used in combination or may be used as a main component. The monomers used in combination include methacrylic acid, (anhydrous) maleic acid, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, 2- (meth) acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, (meth) acryloxy Alkanesulfonic acid and its alkali metal salts and ammonium salts, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinylacetamide, (meth) acrylamide, N-isopropyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, 2- Some with water-soluble or hydrophobic unsaturated monomers such as hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, isobutylene, lauryl (meth) acrylate, etc. as copolymerization components included.
[0023]
The crosslinking method used in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, (a) by polymerizing acrylic acid and / or acrylate, and if necessary, using the water-soluble or hydrophobic unsaturated monomer as a copolymerization component, Examples include a method in which a hydrophilic polymer is obtained and then a crosslinking agent is added during polymerization or after polymerization, followed by crosslinking, (b) radical crosslinking with a radical polymerization initiator, (c) radiation crosslinking with an electron beam, etc. (D) Polymerization is carried out by adding a predetermined amount of an internal cross-linking agent in advance to acrylic acid and / or acrylate, or the water-soluble or hydrophobic unsaturated monomer as a copolymerization component. It is preferable to carry out a crosslinking reaction simultaneously or after polymerization. Of course, you may use together the crosslinking method of (d) and (a)-(c).
[0024]
Examples of the internal crosslinking agent used in the method (d) include N, N′-methylenebis (meth) acrylamide, (poly) ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, (poly) propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, ( Polyoxyethylene) trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (β-acryloyloxypropionate), trimethylolpropane tri (β-acryloyloxypropionate), poly One type or two or more types of internal crosslinking agents such as (meth) allyloxyalkane, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and glycerin are used. In addition, when using one or more types of internal cross-linking agents, it is essential to use a compound having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups at the time of polymerization in consideration of the absorption characteristics of the resulting water-absorbent resin. preferable.
[0025]
The amount of the internal cross-linking agent used is preferably 0.005 to 2 mol%, more preferably 0.01 to 1 mol%, still more preferably 0.05 to 0, based on the monomer component. The range is 2 mol%. If the amount of the internal cross-linking agent used is less than 0.005 mol% or more than 2 mol%, the desired absorption characteristics may not be obtained.
In the present invention, when the water-soluble unsaturated monomer is an aqueous solution, the concentration of the monomer in the aqueous solution (hereinafter referred to as an aqueous solution of the water-soluble unsaturated monomer) is not particularly limited. However, it is preferably in the range of 15 to 70% by mass from the viewpoint of physical properties, more preferably a high concentration condition in which a coarse gel is easily generated, specifically, more preferably 20% by mass or more, particularly preferably 30% by mass or more. The present invention is preferably applied at a monomer concentration of 40% by mass or more.
[0026]
A solvent other than water may be used in combination as necessary, and the type of the solvent used in combination is not particularly limited.
During polymerization, various foaming agents, hydrophilic polymers, surfactants, chelating agents, water absorbent resin fine powder, etc. are added to improve various properties of the water absorbent resin, or fine powder of the water absorbent resin is added. May be recycled. In one of the polymerization steps of the present invention, the hydrogel obtained at the same time as the cross-linking polymerization is subdivided, so that stirring or shearing is performed during the polymerization, and these can be mixed easily, which is preferable.
For example, as a compound added before or during polymerization, 0 to 5% by mass (based on monomer solids) of various foaming agents such as carbonic acid (hydrogen) salt, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, azo compound, inert organic solvent, etc. Hydrophilic polymers such as starch / cellulose, starch / cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, fine powder of water-absorbing resin and gel thereof, 0 to 30% by mass (same as above); various surfactants; hypophosphorous acid (salt ) And the like may be added in an amount of 0 to 1% by mass (the same).
[0027]
(3) Aldehyde compound (furfural)
In the present invention, it is essential to add an aldehyde compound containing furfural to the water-soluble unsaturated monomer. The addition amount of these furfurals is essentially in the range of 11 to 1000 ppm by weight, preferably in the range of 25 to 900 ppm by weight, more preferably in the range of 30 to 600 ppm by weight, even more preferably with respect to the water-soluble unsaturated monomer. Is in the range of 50 to 400 ppm by mass, particularly preferably in the range of 100 to 300 ppm by mass. Note that the mass (weight) of the water-soluble unsaturated monomer does not include a crosslinking agent added as necessary.
[0028]
When the amount of an aldehyde compound such as furfural is small, that is, less than 11 ppm by mass, further 10 ppm by mass or less, further 5 ppm by mass or less, and further 1 ppm by mass or less, the polymerization which is the subject of the present invention Sometimes the effect of preventing a small amount of coarse gel produced as a by-product is insufficient, so that not only the polymerization time and drying time are extended more than necessary, but also the physical properties are lowered. Occurrence and adhesion may cause the crushing and classification processes after drying to stop.
In addition, it is difficult to control the polymerization temperature, including reverse phase suspension polymerization, and particularly, there is a risk of explosion during polymerization under conditions of high concentration (for example, 40% by mass or more in the monomer aqueous solution concentration). Especially in reverse phase suspension polymerization using large amounts of organic solvent, the risk increases. Furthermore, when performing high temperature polymerization or polymerization in the presence of a transition metal, the stability of the monomer is deteriorated, including before polymerization and during monomer adjustment.
[0029]
Moreover, when the usage-amount of aldehydes, such as a furfural, is excess, a physical property may fall depending on the case.
In the present invention, the addition of furfural shows the effect of preventing coarse gels, the polymerization temperature can be moderately controlled, and the stability of the monomer is high when polymerization is performed in the presence of high-temperature polymerization or transition metals. Although the mechanism for achieving good is unknown, it is presumed that, for example, the shearing, the viscoelasticity of the water-containing gel obtained by polymerization, the polymerization rate, and the like are suitably controlled.
In the present invention, an aldehyde compound other than furfural may be used in combination. That is, the aqueous solution of the water-soluble unsaturated monomer may further contain an alderdo compound other than furfural.
[0030]
Examples of the aldehyde compound used in combination include compounds selected from aliphatic dialdehydes, aliphatic unsaturated aldehydes, aromatic aldehydes, and heterocyclic aldehydes. These aldehyde compounds are preferably used in combination, more preferably C3 to C20, and still more preferably C3 to C10 aldehyde compounds. Preferably, a water-soluble aldehyde compound selected from unsaturated aldehydes, aromatic aldehydes, and heterocyclic aldehydes is suitably used as the aldehyde compound, and most preferably, an aldehyde compound selected from benzaldehyde and acrolein is used alone. Used together.
[0031]
The amount of the aldehyde compound used in combination is in the range of 0 to 1000 ppm by weight, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 300 ppm by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 100, based on the water-soluble unsaturated monomer. It is in the range of ppm by mass, and with respect to furfural as an essential component, the mass ratio is preferably 100 to 0, more preferably 80 to 1, and further preferably 50 to 2 with respect to furfural 100. . In addition to the aldehyde compounds described above, the water-soluble unsaturated monomer preferably further contains methoxyphenols. That is, it is preferable that the aqueous solution of the water-soluble unsaturated monomer further contains a methoxyphenol. Specific examples of methoxyphenols include o, m, p-methoxyphenol, and methoxyphenols having one or more substituents such as a methyl group, a t-butyl group, and a hydroxyl group. Illustrated. In particular, it is preferable to contain p-methoxyphenol. The content of methoxyphenols is preferably in the range of 0 to 500 ppm by mass, more preferably in the range of 5 to 200 ppm by mass, more preferably in the range of 10 to 160 ppm by mass, still more preferably in the range of 20 to 140 ppm by mass, More preferably, it is the range of 30-120 mass ppm, More preferably, it is the range of 40-100 mass ppm, Most preferably, it is the range of 50-90 mass ppm.
[0032]
In the present invention, it is essential that the water-soluble unsaturated monomer contains an aldehyde compound containing furfural. (1) Such furfural may be added to the water-soluble unsaturated monomer at the time of preparation. (2) The water-soluble unsaturated monomer of the present invention may be prepared using a monomer containing a predetermined amount of furfural, or (3) they may be used in combination.
Specifically, as (2) above, in the present invention, the water-soluble unsaturated monomer of the present invention may be prepared using acrylic acid containing a predetermined amount of furfural. That is, in the present invention, it is also preferable to synthesize acrylic acid intentionally containing furfural and adjust the water-soluble unsaturated monomer of the present invention with acrylic acid containing a predetermined amount of furfural.
[0033]
That is, conventionally, as a method for producing acrylic acid, a propylene gas phase oxidation method, an ethylene cyanohydrin method, a high-pressure repe method, an improved repe method, a ketene method, an acrylonitrile hydrolysis method and the like are known as industrial production methods. Yes. Among them, the propylene or propane gas phase oxidation method is most often used. In that case, as by-products and impurities, intermediates in the production process of acrylic acid include acetic acid, formaldehyde, acrolein, propionic acid, maleic acid, Acetone, furfural, benzaldehyde and the like are included.
Since these impurities inhibit the polymerization or lower the physical properties after the polymerization, by sufficiently purifying the acrylic acid intermediate (crude acrylic acid), by-products and impurities that inhibit the polymerization are formed. Purified acrylic acid, which is removed as far as possible and substantially free of furfural (less than 1 ppm), is commercially available as acrylic acid, and purified acrylic acid is used as a raw material for water-absorbing resins. Further, when polymerizing a water-absorbing resin, a technique for purifying acrylic acid to remove impurities such as a polymerization inhibitor and an acrylic acid dimer (for example, JP-A-6-21934, JP-A-3-31306, European patent) No. 942014, EP 574260, etc.) are also known. In contrast to such conventional techniques, in the present invention, it is also preferable to intentionally synthesize acrylic acid containing furfural and adjust the water-soluble unsaturated monomer of the present invention with acrylic acid containing a predetermined amount of furfural. .
[0034]
Moreover, in acrylic acid, it is more preferable that content of protoanemonin which is a trace component in acrylic acid is 20 mass ppm or less. As the protoanemonin content increases, not only does the polymerization time (time to polymerization peak temperature) increase and the residual monomer increases, but the water soluble content increases greatly compared to a slight increase in water absorption capacity. The physical properties are relatively lowered. Therefore, from the viewpoint of improving the physical properties and properties of the water-absorbent resin, the protoanemonin content in acrylic acid is more preferably 10 mass ppm or less, further preferably 5 mass ppm or less, particularly preferably 3 mass ppm or less, Most preferably, it is 1 mass ppm or less.
[0035]
(4) Polymerization process
In one of the methods for producing a water-absorbing resin according to the present invention, among the many water-absorbing resin polymerization methods described above, a specific polymerization method, that is, a water-soluble unsaturated monomer in a polymerization vessel having shearing force. A method for producing a water-absorbing resin including a polymerization step in which an aqueous solution is supplied and subjected to cross-linking polymerization and the water-containing gel obtained is subdivided is applied. As described above, such polymerization methods are described in US Pat. No. 462501, US Pat. No. 4,985,514, US Pat. No. 5,124,416, US Pat. No. 5,250,640, Japanese Patent No. 2966539, WO 01/38402, US Pat. No. 5,149,750, US Pat. No. 4,769,427, US Pat. No. 4,873,299.
[0036]
It should be noted that the hydrogel obtained at the same time as the crosslinking polymerization in the present invention is subdivided into a plurality of polymerization gels in which aqueous solution polymerization is in progress, and usually in a polymerization vessel having a shearing force such as a kneader. This is done by rotating the rotor blades. The fragmentation in the present invention does not need to be constantly performed during the polymerization, and the stationary polymerization in which the fragmentation is stopped by stopping the rotary stirring shaft may be used in combination, but preferably 30% or more of the polymerization time, more The rotary stirring shaft is rotated on the hydrogel for a time of preferably 70% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and a shearing force is applied to the hydrogel.
As the polymerization vessel having shearing force in the present invention, a uniaxial stirrer can be used, but a multi-stirrer stirrer such as a double-arm kneader is preferably used. More preferably, those having a rotating stirring shaft such that an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer is continuously supplied and water-containing gel is continuously discharged into the polymerization vessel, particularly those having a plurality of rotating stirring shafts are used. . For example, a triaxial kneader (kneader ruder) having two stirring blades and one discharge screw, a biaxial extrusion kneading or mixing machine, and the like can be given. Most preferably, it is a continuous kneader having two rotating stirring shafts in which an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer is continuously supplied and a water-containing gel is continuously discharged into a polymerization vessel, and has a piston flow property. In addition, the polymerization container that can be used in the present invention is also illustrated or illustrated in the above-mentioned patent document.
[0037]
Furthermore, the inner surface of these polymerization vessels is preferably resin-coated or electropolished with Teflon (registered trademark) or the like to reduce the surface roughness, and in particular, a polymerization vessel having an inner surface made of stainless steel is preferably used. Further, the inner surface of the polymerization vessel and the stirring shaft are preferably cooled or heated by a jacket. The volume of the polymerization vessel is appropriately determined and is usually 0.001 to 10 m. Three Furthermore, 0.01-5m Three The aqueous monomer solution is preferably charged in an amount of 10 to 90%, more preferably 20 to 70% based on the volume.
Further, the rotary stirring shafts in these polymerization vessels are rotated at least for a certain time during the polymerization to subdivide the hydrogel, but the rotation speed may be constant, variable, or temporarily or intermittently. Alternatively, the rotation may be stopped. That is, stationary polymerization and rotational polymerization (shear polymerization) may be used in combination in a polymerization vessel having shearing force. Further, when a plurality of stirring shafts are used, these stirring shafts may rotate in the same direction or in different directions (bidirectional), but preferably the plurality of rotating shafts are inward bidirectional. It is rotated by. Moreover, the mutual rotation speed may be the same or different.
[0038]
Specific examples of the polymerization vessel that generates a shearing action (has a shearing force) are given below.
Double-arm kneader (KNEADER Kurimoto Iron Works)
Double-arm kneader (KNEADER-RUDER Co., Ltd. Moriyama)
Continuous Kneader (CONTINUOUS KNEADER Dalton)
Paddle dryer (PADDLE DRYER Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.)
KRC Kneader (KURIMOTO-READCO CONTINUOUS KNEEADER Kurimoto Iron Works)
Extruder (EXTRUDER Kurimoto Iron Works)
Honda Day Airing Extruder (Honda DE-AIRING EXTRUDER Honda Iron Works Co., Ltd.)
Chopper (CHOPPER Co., Ltd. Hiraga Workshop)
Twin Dome Gran (TWIN / DOME GRAN Fuji Paudal Co., Ltd.)
Vivolak (BIVOLAK Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.)
Furthermore, in the present invention, by using furfural, in the step of fragmenting the water-containing gel obtained at the same time as the crosslinking polymerization, the gel during polymerization is easily fragmented, and a coarse gel (for example, 1 cm or more) hardly occurs. Therefore, it is more suitable for the polymerization at the high temperature start and the polymerization at the high concentration start, which are easy to generate a coarse gel.
[0039]
Specifically, the polymerization initiation temperature is preferably 20 ° C. or higher, more preferably 30 ° C. or higher, further preferably 40 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 50 ° C. or higher, and the concentration of the water-soluble unsaturated monomer. Is preferably 20% by mass or more, more preferably 30% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 40% by mass or more of the monomer concentration. In the present invention, a water-absorbent resin having a low soluble content that is easy to by-produce a coarse gel, even when polymerization at a high temperature start or polymerization at a high concentration start is performed. Even if obtained, the gel can be subdivided uniformly, and it has an excellent advantage that almost no coarse gel is by-produced. That is, the present invention is suitable for the production of a water-absorbent resin having a small amount of water-soluble component, which has been easy to produce a coarse gel in the past, and the preferable water-soluble component is in the aforementioned range, particularly 15% by mass or less.
[0040]
The finely divided hydrogel obtained in the present invention is discharged from the polymerization vessel and delivered to the next step, but the hydrogel has a uniform particle size and a very small amount of coarse gel, and usually has a mass average particle size. The ratio of the coarse gel having a particle diameter of 0.3 to 4 mm and a particle diameter of 10 mm or more is 5 mass% or less.
That is, in the present invention, the hydrogel is preferably subdivided into a mass average particle diameter of 0.3 to 4 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 3 mm, and even more preferably 0.8 to 2 mm. The reduced coarse gel refers to a state of 5 cm or more (preferably 1 cm or more), and the content of the coarse gel in the discharged finely divided gel is also preferably 7% by mass or less, more preferably 5%. The mass is not more than mass%, more preferably not more than 3 mass%, particularly preferably not more than 1 mass%. In the present invention, what has been generated from several percent to several tens percent of a coarse gel is preferable because any polymerization conditions (temperature, concentration, soluble content, etc.) can be greatly reduced.
[0041]
The polymerization pressure (internal pressure of the polymerization vessel) is appropriately selected from normal pressure, reduced pressure, and increased pressure, and these may be used in combination, and it is also preferable to carry out while distilling off water under reduced pressure in order to lower the boiling temperature. However, for ease of operation, etc., it is more preferably carried out under substantially normal pressure. In addition, the polymerization under normal pressure is performed under an air stream, and it is preferable that a part of the polymerization heat is removed by evaporation, and an air stream such as nitrogen is used.
When polymerizing the monomer aqueous solution, for example, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, t-butyl hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride One type or two or more types of polymerization initiators such as a salt, 2-hydroxy-1-phenyl-propan-1-one, and benzoin methyl ether can be used. Further, a reducing agent that promotes the decomposition of these polymerization initiators may be used in combination, and a redox initiator may be obtained by combining the two. Examples of the reducing agent include (bi) sulfurous acid (salt) such as sodium sulfite and sodium bisulfite, L-ascorbic acid (salt), reducing metal (salt) such as ferrous salt, amines, and the like. Although it is mentioned, it is not particularly limited. Preferably, redox polymerization with persulfate and / or hydrogen peroxide is applied. Moreover, the usage-amount of these polymerization initiators and a reducing agent is 0.001-2 mol% normally with respect to a monomer, Preferably it is 0.01-0.5 mol%.
[0042]
The monomer aqueous solution to be polymerized preferably further contains a trace amount of a transition metal from the viewpoint of promoting polymerization, and particularly preferably polymerized in the presence of a trace amount of iron. The content of the transition metal used is preferably in the range of 0 to 5 ppm by mass (based on monomer / cation), more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 2 ppm by mass, particularly preferably 0.2 to 1 ppm by mass. Range. If the transition metal is excessive, the residual monomer and water-soluble components tend to increase, and if the transition metal is small, the polymerization rate tends to decrease.
Further, instead of using a polymerization initiator, the polymerization reaction may be carried out by irradiating the reaction system with active energy rays such as radiation, electron beam or ultraviolet ray, or they may be used in combination with the polymerization initiator. The reaction temperature and reaction time in the polymerization reaction are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the kind of the hydrophilic monomer or the polymerization initiator, the reaction temperature, etc. The polymerization is performed within 3 hours, preferably within 1 hour, more preferably within 0.5 hour, and the polymerization is performed at a peak temperature of 150 ° C. or lower, more preferably 90 to 120 ° C.
[0043]
(5) Other polymerization methods
Furthermore, in the present invention using 11 to 1000 ppm by mass of furfural, it can be applied to other specific polymerization methods other than polymerization that is subdivided by a polymerization vessel having shearing force. The present invention can be suitably applied to polymerization in the coexistence. That is, the conditions described in (4) can be applied to the following specific polymerization.
That is, the present invention relates to a method for producing a water-absorbent resin comprising a step of crosslinking polymerization of an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer containing acrylic acid (salt) and a step of fragmenting the obtained hydrogel.
(A) the water-soluble unsaturated monomer contains 11 to 1000 ppm by mass of furfural (with respect to the monomer);
(B1) the polymerization initiation temperature is 30 ° C. or higher, and (B2) the water-soluble unsaturated monomer contains a transition metal, and is at least one selected from the following:
(C) The obtained finely divided hydrogel has a mass average particle diameter of 0.3 to 4 mm and a ratio of a coarse gel having a particle diameter of 10 mm or more is 5% by mass or less.
A method for producing a water-absorbent resin is also provided.
[0044]
In the conventional polymerization, when the polymerization initiation temperature is at least 30 ° C., which is higher than normal temperature, and the polymerization initiator contains a transition metal, Although the stability of the polymer was poor, the present invention using 11 to 1000 mass ppm of furfural also solves such a problem. The water-soluble unsaturated monomer and polymerization conditions used are within the above-mentioned ranges, and a method of standing polymerization such as belt polymerization (US Pat. No. 6,241,928, US Pat. No. 6,174,978, US Pat. No. 4,857,610) Can be applied, but it is preferable that fragmentation during polymerization is performed.
[0045]
Furthermore, the present invention can be suitably applied to reverse phase suspension polymerization.
That is, the present invention relates to a method for producing a water-absorbent resin comprising a polymerization step in which an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer containing acrylic acid (salt) is cross-linked and polymerized to obtain a fragmented hydrous gel. Provided is a method for producing a water-absorbent resin, wherein the unsaturated monomer contains 11 to 1000 ppm by mass of furfural (with respect to the monomer). This is a reverse-phase suspension polymerization, which is a production method in which a finely divided water-containing gel is obtained simultaneously with suspension polymerization in an organic solvent.
[0046]
Reverse phase suspension polymerization is a polymerization method in which an aqueous monomer solution is suspended in a hydrophobic organic solvent in the form of particles having a mass average particle diameter of about 1 to 0.1 mm. There are advantages to be obtained such as, for example, US Pat. No. 4,093,776, US Pat. No. 4,367,323, US Pat. No. 4,446,261, US Pat. No. 4,683,274, US Pat. No. 5,244,735, etc. It is described in the patent.
In the present invention, a dispersant selected from surfactants and protective colloids may be dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer as necessary. In particular, when reverse phase suspension polymerization is employed in the present invention, the dispersion of the monomer or polymer in the particle shape of the hydrophobic organic solvent is more uniform by including this dispersant in the aqueous monomer solution. The particle diameter distribution of the water-absorbent resin finally obtained becomes narrower.
[0047]
Examples of these surfactants include (polyoxyethylene) phosphate esters such as polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether phosphate ester and polyoxyethylene tridecyl ether phosphate ester (both manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., trade name: PRISURF). , Nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, higher alcohol sulfate, alkyl One or two or more kinds of anionic surfactants such as naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfate salt and dialkyl sulfosuccinate can be selected and used separately. These can be added to the batch or divided polymerization system. Furthermore, examples of the polymer protective colloid include ethyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxy cellulose, (anhydrous) maleic acid-ethylene copolymer, (anhydrous) maleic acid-butadiene copolymer, and the like. Of these, fatty acid ester surfactants, and nonionic surfactants having an HLB of 8 or more or anionic surfactants are preferred. The amount of the surfactant or dispersant used is generally 0.05 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, based on the water-soluble unsaturated monomer.
[0048]
The hydrophobic organic solvent used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is not miscible with the monomer aqueous solution and forms a two-phase. For example, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n- Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as octane; Alicyclic hydrocarbons optionally having substituents such as cyclohexane, cyclooctane, methylcyclohexane, decalin; Substituents such as benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene Aromatic hydrocarbon water may be used, and one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used. Particularly preferred is n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, toluene or xylene. The ratio of the hydrophobic organic solvent to the monomer aqueous solution is preferably about 3: 2 to 4: 1. A dispersant or a hydrophobic organic solvent may be added during or after the polymerization.
[0049]
Monomers are dispersed in these solvents all at once or dividedly, and the solvent in which the monomers or their polymers are dispersed is preferably heated in the range of 40 to 90 ° C, more preferably in the range of 50 to 80 ° C. The polymerization may be performed preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 hours, more preferably in the range of 1 to 5 hours. The mass average particle size at the time of dispersion is usually in the range of 10 to 2000 μm, preferably in the range of 100 to 1000 μm, more preferably in the range of 200 to 600 μm from the viewpoint of physical properties, and the content of fine powder of 850 μm or more and 150 μm or less is Specifically, the smaller the amount, the more preferably 10% by mass or less, and further preferably 5% by mass or less. These may be appropriately adjusted depending on the type and amount of the dispersant and solvent, stirring power, and granulation.
[0050]
By carrying out reverse phase suspension polymerization in the present invention, white water-absorbing resin particles that are moderately controlled and have no substantial coloring as a surprising feature can be obtained.
That is, it was found that reverse phase suspension polymerization is suitable for improving the coloring of the water-absorbent resin in the method of polymerizing in the presence of 11 to 1000 ppm by weight of furfural. Conventionally, when reversed-phase suspension polymerization dispersed in a large amount of solvent is made to have a high concentration (for example, 40% by mass or more in a monomer aqueous solution), the scale-up (for example, 1 m Three Above, especially 5m Three Industrial production in the above reaction vessel) was difficult, and the productivity was low, but by polymerizing in the presence of 11 to 1000 ppm by weight of furfural, such a problem was solved, and furfural was allowed to coexist. In addition, moderate particle aggregation (granulation) occurs during polymerization, and a water-absorbent resin is obtained by reversed-phase suspension polymerization with a small particle size and controlled particle size. Further, as a great advantage of reverse phase suspension polymerization, even if furfural is used, the water-absorbent resin is not colored, and is substantially white, that is, Yellow-Index (YI), preferably 0 to 10, more preferably 0 to 8, Preferably, a water-absorbing resin of 0 to 6 is obtained. The color measuring method is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-322846 (European Patent No. 9420914) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-71529.
[0051]
That is, the present invention is a water-absorbent resin obtained by cross-linking an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer containing acrylic acid (salt) and furfural of 11 to 1000 ppm by mass (vs. monomer). , YI of 0 to 10 is also provided. Such a water-absorbing resin can be obtained, for example, by the above-described reversed-phase suspension polymerization. When aqueous solution polymerization is used, it is washed with water or a hydrophilic organic solvent after polymerization, or a commercially available decoloring agent or bleaching agent is added. Can also be obtained. Further, such a water-absorbent resin more preferably exhibits the above-described or later-described characteristics.
(6) Preferred steps after polymerization (drying, pulverization, surface crosslinking after polymerization)
The gel-like crosslinked polymer obtained in the polymerization step is subdivided with a meat chopper or a gel grinder exemplified in Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-232734 as necessary. More preferably, it is dried and, if necessary, pulverized or classified. Since the water-absorbent resin of the present invention has high physical properties, the physical properties are further improved through such steps.
[0052]
In the present invention, drying is an operation to remove moisture, and the resin solid content determined from the loss on drying (heating 1 g of powder at 180 ° C. for 3 hours) is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 85 to 85% by mass. It is adjusted in the range of 99% by mass, more preferably in the range of 90-98% by mass, particularly preferably in the range of 92-97% by mass. Moreover, although drying temperature is not specifically limited, For example, the inside of the range of 100-300 degreeC is preferable, What is necessary is just to be in the range of 150-250 degreeC more preferably. Various drying methods such as heat drying, hot air drying, vacuum drying, infrared drying, microwave drying, drum dryer drying, dehydration by azeotropy with a hydrophobic organic solvent, and high humidity drying using high temperature steam Although not particularly limited, when applying aqueous solution polymerization, preferably hot air drying with a gas containing water vapor having a dew point of 40 ° C to 100 ° C, more preferably a dew point of 50 ° C to 90 ° C Is more preferable. In addition, azeotropic dehydration is suitably applied to reverse phase suspension polymerization.
[0053]
The shape of the water-absorbent resin obtained by the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be an irregularly crushed or spherical powder, a gel, a sheet, a rod, a fiber, or a film, Alternatively, it may be composited or supported on a fiber base material.
When the water-absorbent resin is a powder, the mass average particle diameter is usually in the range of 10 to 2000 μm, preferably in the range of 100 to 1000 μm, more preferably in the range of 200 to 600 μm, more preferably in the range of 200 to 600 μm, and more preferably 850 μm or more and 150 μm. The smaller the content of the following fine powder, the more specifically, preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or less.
[0054]
Next, the surface cross-linking of the present invention will be further described.
The surface cross-linking of the water-absorbing resin is to provide a uniform cross-linking structure inside the polymer and a portion having a higher cross-linking density in the surface layer of the water-absorbing resin.
The water-absorbent resin obtained in the present invention is preferable because it has a low water-soluble content and has a high absorption capacity, so that an excellent surface cross-linking effect can be obtained and higher physical properties and characteristics can be exhibited.
Here, the surface cross-linking is to provide a portion having a higher cross-linking density in the surface layer in addition to the uniform cross-linking structure inside the resin, and is performed using a surface cross-linking agent described later. The surface cross-linking agent may penetrate the resin surface or coat the resin surface. By surface-crosslinking the resin, the absorption capacity under pressure and the liquid permeability under pressure are increased.
[0055]
The water-absorbent resin according to the present invention has an absorption capacity under load (4.9 kPa) with respect to physiological saline, preferably 20 g / g or more, more preferably 23 g / g or more, and still more preferably 25 g / g or more. Further, the absorption capacity under load with respect to physiological saline (1.9 Pa) is preferably 20 g / g or more, more preferably 25 g / g or more, still more preferably 28 g / g or more, and particularly preferably 32 g / g or more. The water absorption resin under load is preferably 25 g / g or more, more preferably 28 g / g or more, and particularly preferably 32 g / g or more. can do. Further, the flow rate under pressure (SFC) is preferably 10 × 10 -7 Or more, more preferably 20 × 10 -7 Or more, more preferably 50 × 10 -7 It is said above. In addition, these measuring methods are prescribed | regulated by the below-mentioned Example.
[0056]
There are various crosslinking agents for performing the surface crosslinking, but from the viewpoint of physical properties, generally, a polyhydric alcohol compound, an epoxy compound, a polyvalent amine compound or a condensate thereof with a haloepoxy compound, Oxazoline compounds, mono-, di-, or polyoxazolidinone compounds, polyvalent metal salts, alkylene carbonate compounds, and the like are used.
Specific examples of the surface crosslinking agent used in the present invention include US Pat. No. 6,228,930, US Pat. No. 6,071,976, US Pat. No. 6,254,990, and the like. For example, mono, di, tri, tetra or polyethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, 2,3,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, polypropylene glycol, glycerin, polyglycerin , 2-butene-1,4-diol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, etc. Alcohol compounds; epoxy compounds such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and glycidol; ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine, polyethyleneimine, polyamide polyamine, etc. Haloepoxy compounds such as epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, α-methylepichlorohydrin; condensates of the polyvalent amine compounds and the haloepoxy compounds; alkylene carbonate compounds such as ethylene carbonate; Mono-, di-, and polyoxazolidinone compounds such as oxazolidinone; Oxazolidine compounds such as 2-oxotetrahydro-1,3-oxidene compound and ethylenebisoxazoline; Oxetane compounds such as 3-methyl-oxetane-3-methanol; etc. Alternatively, two or more types may be mentioned, but not particularly limited. Two or more of these may be used in combination. In order to maximize the effect of the present invention, it is preferable to use at least a polyhydric alcohol among these crosslinking agents, preferably a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms. It is done.
[0057]
The amount of the surface cross-linking agent used depends on the compounds used and combinations thereof, but is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin solids, 0.01 mass Within the range of 5 parts by mass to 5 parts by mass is more preferable.
In the present invention, water is preferably used for surface crosslinking. At this time, the amount of water used depends on the water content of the water-absorbing resin to be used, but is usually preferably in the range of 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbing resin. It is the range of 0.5-10 mass parts. In the present invention, a hydrophilic organic solvent other than water may be used. The amount of the hydrophilic organic solvent used is preferably in the range of 0 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably in the range of 0 to 5 parts by mass, further preferably 0 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water absorbent resin. Range. The temperature of the crosslinking agent solution is preferably from 0 ° C. to the boiling point, more preferably from 5 to 50 ° C., and even more preferably from 10 to 30 ° C., in view of mixing properties and stability. Moreover, the temperature of the water-absorbent resin powder before mixing is preferably in the range of 0 to 80 ° C., more preferably 40 to 70 ° C., from the viewpoint of mixing properties.
[0058]
Furthermore, in the present invention, among various mixing methods, a method in which water and / or a hydrophilic organic solvent is mixed in advance, if necessary, and then the aqueous solution is sprayed or dropped onto the water-absorbent resin is preferable. Is more preferable. The size of the droplets to be sprayed is preferably 300 μm or less, and more preferably 200 μm or less. In mixing, a water-insoluble fine particle powder and a surfactant may be allowed to coexist within a range not impeding the effects of the present invention.
A suitable mixing device used for the mixing needs to be able to generate a large mixing force to ensure uniform mixing. As the mixing apparatus that can be used in the present invention, various mixers are used. Preferably, a high-speed stirring type mixer, particularly a high-speed stirring type continuous mixer is used. For example, the trade name Turbulizer (Hosokawa Micron) And a brand name Redige mixer (manufactured by Redige, Germany) are used.
[0059]
The water-absorbent resin after mixing with the crosslinking agent is preferably subjected to a heat treatment. As conditions for performing the above heat treatment, the heating temperature is preferably 100 to 250 ° C., more preferably 150 to 250 ° C., and the heating time is preferably in the range of 1 minute to 2 hours. Preferable examples of the combination of temperature and time are 0.1 to 1.5 hours at 180 ° C. and 0.1 to 1 hour at 200 ° C.
The heat treatment can be performed using a normal dryer or a heating furnace. Examples of the dryer include a groove-type mixing dryer, a rotary dryer, a disk dryer, a fluidized bed dryer, an airflow dryer, an infrared dryer, and the like. Moreover, you may cool the water absorbing resin after a heating as needed.
[0060]
These surface cross-linking methods are described in European Patent No. 0349240, European Patent No. 0605150, European Patent No. 0450923, European Patent No. 081873, European Patent No. 0450924, Various European patents such as Japanese Patent No. 0668080, various Japanese patents such as Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 7-242709 and 7-224304, US Pat. No. 5,409,771, US Pat. No. 5,597,873 , Various US patents such as US Pat. No. 5,385,983, US Pat. No. 5,610,220, US Pat. No. 5,633,316, US Pat. No. 5,674,633, US Pat. No. 5,462,972, etc. No. 99/42494, International Publication No. 99/4372 Pamphlet, is also described in various international patent publication, such as WO 99/42496 pamphlet, a process for their surface crosslinking can also be applied to the present invention.
[0061]
(7) Use of the water absorbent resin of the present invention
Disinfectant, antibacterial agent, fragrance, various inorganic powders, foaming agent, pigment, chelating agent, dye, hydrophilic short fiber, fertilizer, oxidizing agent, reducing agent, water, salts and the like are preferable for the water absorbent resin of the present invention. Is added in an amount of 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, during the production process or after production, thereby imparting various functions. Preferred compounds to be added include chelating agents, water-insoluble inorganic powders and / or polyamines.
According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to easily produce a water-absorbent resin having good absorption characteristics excellent in the absorption capacity under no pressure, the absorption capacity under pressure, and the balance of soluble components. Although widely used in water retaining agents, industrial water retaining agents, hygroscopic agents, dehumidifying agents, building materials, etc., the water absorbent resin is particularly suitably used for sanitary materials such as disposable diapers and sanitary napkins. Furthermore, since the water-absorbent resin of the present invention is excellent in balance with the above three physical properties, sanitary materials generally have a high concentration as the concentration of the water-absorbent resin (mass ratio of the water-absorbent resin to the total of the water-absorbent resin and the fiber substrate), For example, it can be used in the range of 30 to 100% by mass, preferably 40 to 100% by mass, and more preferably 50 to 95% by mass.
[0062]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an invention is demonstrated according to an Example, this invention is limited to an Example and is not interpreted. Various physical properties described in the claims and examples of the present invention were determined according to the following measurement methods.
(1) Absorption capacity under no load for physiological saline
Absorption capacity was determined according to US Pat. No. 5,164,459. That is, 200 mg of water-absorbent resin was uniformly put in a non-woven bag (60 × 60 mm), sealed, and immersed in 100 g of 0.9 mass% physiological saline at 25 (± 3) ° C. After 60 minutes, the bag was pulled up and 250 G (250 × 9.81 m / sec) was used using a centrifuge. 2 ) For 3 minutes, and then the weight W1 (mg) of the bag was measured. The same operation was performed without using the water-absorbent resin, the mass W2 (mg) at that time was determined, and the absorption capacity was calculated by the following formula.
[0063]
Absorption capacity under no load (g / g) = (W1-W2) / 200
(2) Water soluble content
500 mg of water-absorbing resin was dispersed in 1,000 ml of deionized water at room temperature, stirred for 16 hours with a 40 mm magnetic stirrer, and the swollen gel was separated with a filter paper (TOYO, No. 6) and filtered. Next, the water-soluble polyacrylate in the filtrate eluted from the water-absorbent resin is subjected to colloidal titration using methyl glycol chitosan and polyvinyl potassium sulfate, so that the mass% of water-soluble matter in the water-absorbent resin (vs. water absorption) Resin).
[0064]
(3) Residual monomer
In the above (2), the amount of residual monomer (mass ppm / vs. Water-absorbing resin) of the water-absorbing resin was also analyzed by UV analysis of the separately adjusted filtrate after stirring for 2 hours by liquid chromatography.
(4) Absorption capacity under pressure
With reference to US Pat. No. 6,228,930, US Pat. No. 6,071,976 and US Pat. No. 6,254,990, the absorption capacity under pressure against physiological saline was measured.
[0065]
0.900 g of the water-absorbent resin was applied with a predetermined load (4.9 kPa) by the method described in the above-mentioned US Patent, and the balance Wa (g) of physiological saline water-absorbed by the water-absorbent resin over time for 60 minutes was measured. It was obtained from the measured value. Separately, the same operation is performed without using a water absorbent resin, and the mass Wb (g) of physiological saline water absorbed by a filter paper or the like other than the water absorbent resin is obtained from the measured value of the balance as a blank value. Absorption capacity was calculated by the formula.
Absorption capacity under pressure of 4.9 kPa (g / g) = (Wa−Wb) /0.900
(5) Liquid permeability under pressure (saline flow conductivity: SFC)
As a measuring method of liquid permeability under pressure, according to WO95 / 22356 pamphlet, 0.9 g of water-absorbing resin is 20 g / cm. 2 After swelling for 1 hour under a load of (approximately 1.9 kPa), 20 g / cm with a 0.0018 M NaCl solution (20-25 ° C.) 2 The saline flow inductivity (abbreviated as Saline Flow Conductivity / SFC) of the swollen gel at (about 1.9 kPa) was determined. The unit is [cm Three ・ S ・ g -1 ], The larger the numerical value, the greater the liquid permeability.
[0066]
(6) Peak time and induction time
The temperature of the monomer or polymer gel during polymerization is measured with a thermometer, the time (min) from the initiator addition to the temperature rise is the induction time, and the time to the maximum temperature of the polymerization system is the peak time. .
(7) Coarse gel
The finely divided hydrogel crosslinked polymer obtained by polymerization is kept at a temperature of 60 to 80 ° C., and the hydrogel is classified by a Teflon (registered trademark) -coated grid having a mesh opening of 10 mm. The mass% of the remaining coarse gel (vs. total water-containing gel) was determined.
[0067]
(8) Mass average particle diameter of hydrous gel
The hydrogel was subjected to wet classification to obtain a particle size distribution, and plotted on a logarithmic probability paper to obtain a mass average particle diameter D50.
(9) Color of water absorbent resin powder
The color of the water-absorbent resin powder was measured as follows with reference to JP-A-11-322846 (European Patent No. 942014) and JP-A-11-71529. That is, about 3 g of the obtained water-absorbent resin powder was filled in a paste sample table (30 mmΦ), and the color degree (YI) was measured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. (manufactured) Spectral Color Difference Meter SZ-Σ80 COLOR. Using MEASURING SYSTEM, set the surface color of the water-absorbent resin under the setting conditions (reflection measurement / attached powder / paste sample stand (30mmΦ) / standard for powder / paste / standard round white plate NO2 / 30Φ floodlight pipe) It was measured.
[0068]
[Example 1]
451.7 g of acrylic acid, 4780.3 g of a 37 mass% aqueous solution of sodium acrylate, 8.5548 g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (average number of polyethylene glycol units 8) as an internal cross-linking agent, 201.6 mass ppm of furfural (based on monomer) An aqueous solution (1) of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer having a concentration of 40% by mass consisting of a solid content) and 275.4 g of water was prepared.
Stainless steel double-arm kneader with jacket having two sigma-shaped blades with an internal volume of 10 L as an aqueous solution (1) of the water-soluble unsaturated monomer containing 201.6 mass ppm of furfural as a polymerization vessel having shearing force Was supplied to a reactor with a lid, and the aqueous solution was purged with nitrogen for 20 minutes while maintaining the temperature at 25 ° C. Then, 22.6 g of a 20% by mass aqueous solution of sodium persulfate and 12.5 g of a 1.0% by mass aqueous solution of L-ascorbic acid were added while rotating the blade through warm water at 25 ° C. under a nitrogen stream for 20 seconds. Polymerization started later. Simultaneously with the start of polymerization, the temperature of the jacket warm water is raised to 70 ° C., and the hydrogel crosslinked polymer is sheared while polymerizing. After 10.5 minutes, the reaction system reaches the peak temperature, and 20 minutes after the peak temperature is reached. The polymerization was later terminated.
[0069]
The hydrogel crosslinked polymer (1) thus obtained was finely divided into particles, and the coarse gel having a particle size of 10 mm or more was 0% by mass.
Next, the particulate cross-linked polymer (1) is spread and laminated on a wire mesh having a mesh thickness of about 50 mm and an opening of 300 μm, and then hot air of 170 ° C. (dew point 50 ° C.) is applied in the vertical direction of the gel at 1 m / second. Hot air drying was performed by aeration for 1 hour. The block-like dried product composed of the particulate dry polymer thus obtained was pulverized and further classified with a JIS standard 850 μm sieve to obtain a water absorbent resin powder (1). The results are shown in Table 1.
[Example 2]
513.6 g of acrylic acid, 4544.5 g of 37 mass% aqueous solution of sodium acrylate, 8.5548 g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (average number of polyethylene glycol units 8) as an internal cross-linking agent, 205.3 mass ppm of furfural (based on monomer) An aqueous solution (2) of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer having a concentration of 40% by mass consisting of a solid content) and 393.4 g of water was prepared.
[0070]
The monomer aqueous solution (2) containing 205.3 mass ppm of furfural was supplied to the same polymerization vessel as in Example 1, and nitrogen substitution was performed for 20 minutes while maintaining the aqueous solution at 40 ° C. Subsequently, 22.6 g of a 20% by mass aqueous solution of sodium persulfate and 12.5 g of a 1.0% by mass aqueous solution of L-ascorbic acid were added while rotating the blade through warm water of 40 ° C., and polymerization started after 10 seconds. . At the same time as the start of polymerization, warm water was raised to 60 ° C., and the hydrogel crosslinked polymer was sheared while polymerizing. After 9.0 minutes, the reaction system reached the peak temperature, and after 20 minutes from the peak, the polymerization was completed. I let you.
[0071]
The obtained hydrogel crosslinked polymer (2) was finely divided into particles, and the coarse gel having a particle size of 10 mm or more was 0% by mass of the whole. Thereafter, drying, pulverization and classification were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a water absorbent resin powder (2). The results are shown in Table 1.
[Comparative Example 1]
By changing the aqueous solution of the water-soluble unsaturated monomer to be adjusted in Example 1, the amount of furfural was set to 0.3 mass ppm (based on the solid content of the monomer), and a comparative water-soluble single amount having a concentration of 40 mass%. A body aqueous solution (1) was prepared.
The comparative water-soluble monomer aqueous solution (1) containing 0.3 ppm by mass of furfural was supplied to the polymerization vessel of Example 1 and then purged with nitrogen in the same manner as in Example 1. Similarly, sodium persulfate and L -Ascorbic acid was added and polymerization started after 10 seconds. The temperature of warm water was raised to 60 ° C. simultaneously with the start of polymerization, and the reaction system reached a peak temperature after 8.5 minutes. Thereafter, the hydrogel crosslinked polymer was sheared while polymerizing in the same manner as in Example 1, and the polymerization was terminated 20 minutes after the peak temperature was exhibited.
[0072]
Most of the obtained comparative hydrous polymer (1) was in the form of particles of about 1 mm as in Example 1, but it was not sufficiently subdivided, and a partially lump gel was seen. In addition, 8.0% by mass of a hydrous gel (coarse gel) having a particle size of 10 mm or more was present. Next, the particulate comparative hydrogel crosslinked polymer (1) was dried for 1 hour in the same manner as in Example 1. However, the mixed coarse gel could not be sufficiently dried, and the undried product was dried in the drying time of 1 hour. The polymer was mixed by several percent, drying was incomplete, and subsequent grinding and classification operations were impossible due to adhesion of undried material. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0073]
[Comparative Example 2]
In Comparative Example 1, the dried polymer containing several percent of undried material was further dried for 1 hour. Specifically, the comparative water-containing gel-like crosslinked polymer (1) was dried for 2 hours and then pulverized in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a comparative water absorbent resin powder (2). The results are shown in Table 1.
[Example 3]
447.6 g of acrylic acid, 4736.5 g of a 37% by weight aqueous solution of sodium acrylate, 8.4657 g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (average number of polyethylene glycol units 8) as an internal cross-linking agent, 205.3 mass ppm of furfural (based on monomer) An aqueous solution (3) of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer having a concentration of 40% by mass consisting of (solid content) and 270.5 g of water was prepared. The aqueous monomer solution (3) containing 205.3 ppm of furfural was supplied to the same polymerization vessel as in Example 1, and nitrogen substitution was performed for 20 minutes while maintaining the aqueous solution at 25 ° C.
[0074]
Next, while rotating the blades through warm water of 25 ° C., 2.2 g of a 0.1 mass% aqueous solution of a trivalent Fe ion standard solution is first prepared so that the solid content of the monomer is 1 mass ppm (Fe conversion). In addition, 22.4 g of a 20 mass% aqueous solution of sodium persulfate and 12.4 g of a 1.0 mass% aqueous solution of L-ascorbic acid were added as initiators, and polymerization started after 20 seconds. At the same time as the start of polymerization, warm water was raised to 60 ° C., and the hydrogel crosslinked polymer was sheared while polymerizing. After 11.5 minutes, the reaction system reached the peak temperature, and the polymerization was completed 20 minutes after the peak. I let you.
The obtained hydrogel crosslinked polymer (3) was finely divided into particles, and the coarse gel having a particle size of 10 mm or more was 0% by mass of the whole. Thereafter, drying, pulverization and classification were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a water absorbent resin powder (3). The results are shown in Table 1.
[0075]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004150252
[0076]
As shown in Table 1, in the method for producing a water-absorbent resin comprising a polymerization step of fragmenting a hydrous gel obtained simultaneously with crosslinking polymerization of an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer containing acrylic acid (salt), By containing 11 to 1000 ppm by mass of furfural in the monomer aqueous solution (based on the solid content of the monomer), no or almost no coarse gel is produced during polymerization, and as a result, the polymerization time and drying time are shortened. Furthermore, the physical properties are improved, and it is also possible to prevent the pulverization process and classification process after drying due to undried material from being stopped.
[Example 4]
Surface cross-linking consisting of 1,4-butanediol / propylene glycol / water = 0.32 / 0.5 / 2.73 mass% (vs. powder) to 500 g of the water absorbent resin powder (1) obtained in Example 1 Aqueous agent aqueous solution was added, and the resulting mixture was heated and stirred for 35 minutes in a mixer heated in an oil bath at 212 ° C. to obtain surface-crosslinked water-absorbent resin powder (4). The results are shown in Table 2.
[0077]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004150252
[0078]
As shown in Table 2, the surface cross-linking effect is excellent.
[Example 5]
21.62 g of acrylic acid, 228.77 g of a 37% by weight aqueous solution of sodium acrylate, 0.292 g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (average number of polyethylene glycol units 8) as an internal crosslinking agent, 203.5 ppm by mass of furfural (based on monomer) An aqueous solution (5) of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer having a concentration of 40% by mass consisting of 13.11 g of water and 13.11 g of water was prepared.
Next, the aqueous solution was purged with nitrogen for 30 minutes while maintaining at 40 ° C., and then placed in a cylindrical polypropylene container having an internal volume of about 500 ml. The polymerization vessel was covered and kept at 40 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. As a polymerization initiator, 1.44 g of a 10 mass% aqueous solution of sodium persulfate and 0.43 g of a 0.5 mass% aqueous solution of L-ascorbic acid were used. When added, the polymerization started after 10 seconds and showed a peak temperature at 11 minutes. The polymerization was terminated after 10 minutes from the peak temperature.
[0079]
The obtained hydrogel crosslinked polymer (5) was cut into several mm, dried with hot air at 170 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then the dried product was pulverized using a vibration mill and further classified with a JIS standard 850 μm sieve. As a result, a water absorbent resin powder (5) was obtained. The results are shown in Table 3.
[Comparative Example 3]
In Example 5, the water-soluble unsaturated monomer (5) was similarly substituted with nitrogen except that the temperature was changed from 40 ° C to 20 ° C. Thereafter, when a polymerization initiator was added to the water-soluble unsaturated monomer (5) at 20 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 3, the polymerization started after 30 seconds and the temperature was raised by the polymerization heat, but reached the peak temperature. 84 minutes were required, and the polymerization was terminated 10 minutes after the peak temperature was exhibited. The comparative water-containing gel-like crosslinked polymer (3) obtained was cut and dried in the same manner as in Example 5, and then pulverized and classified in the same manner to obtain a comparative water-absorbent resin powder (3). The results are shown in Table 3.
[0080]
[Example 6]
In Example 5, the water-soluble unsaturated monomer (5) was similarly substituted with nitrogen except that the temperature was changed from 40 ° C to 20 ° C. Hereinafter, a commercially available Fe standard solution (Fe ion concentration: 100) is added to the water-soluble unsaturated monomer (6) at 20 ° C. so as to be 1 mass ppm as trivalent Fe ions with respect to the solid content of the monomer. After adding 1.063 g (mass ppm), as a polymerization initiator, 1.44 g of a 10 mass% aqueous solution of sodium persulfate and 0.43 g of a 0.5 mass% aqueous solution of L-ascorbic acid were added, and after 10 seconds. Polymerization started and showed a peak temperature at 34 minutes. The polymerization was terminated after 10 minutes from the peak temperature.
[0081]
The obtained hydrogel crosslinked polymer (6) was cut and dried in the same manner as in Example 5, and then ground and classified in the same manner to obtain a water-absorbent resin powder (6). The results are shown in Table 3.
[0082]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004150252
[0083]
As shown in Table 3, high-temperature polymerization and polymerization in the presence of a transition metal can be stably performed by using furfural.
[Example 7]
190.6 g of a 37% by weight aqueous solution of sodium acrylate having an acrylic acid content of 18.0 g and a furfural content of 70 ppm by mass (vs. solid content), 0.2435 g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (average number of ethylene glycol units: 8), ion-exchanged water Using 43.1 g, an aqueous solution (7) of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer having a monomer concentration of 35% by mass and a neutralization rate of 75% was obtained, and 0.048 g of sodium persulfate was added to this aqueous monomer solution (7). It was dissolved and nitrogen gas was blown to drive out dissolved oxygen.
[0084]
In a four-necked separable flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a nitrogen gas inlet tube and a dropping funnel, 389.5 g of cyclohexane was taken, and ethyl cellulose (product number N-200 manufactured by Hercules Co., Ltd.) was used as a dispersant. 77 g was added and dissolved, and nitrogen gas was blown to expel dissolved oxygen. Next, the monomer aqueous solution (7) was added to the above separable flask and dispersed by stirring at 225 rpm. Thereafter, the bath temperature was raised to 65 ° C. to initiate the polymerization reaction, and then held at this temperature for 2 hours to complete the polymerization. After completion of the polymerization, most of the water in the hydrogel was distilled off by azeotropic dehydration with cyclohexane, followed by filtration and drying under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. to obtain a spherical water-absorbent resin powder (7). The results are shown in Table 4.
[0085]
[Example 8]
18.0 g of acrylic acid having a furfural content of 250 ppm, 190.6 g of a 37 wt% aqueous solution of sodium acrylate having a furfural content of 190 mass ppm (based on solid content), polyethylene glycol diacrylate (average number of ethylene glycol units: 8) Using 2435 g and 11.0 g of ion-exchanged water, an aqueous solution (8) of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer having a monomer concentration of 40% by mass and a neutralization rate of 75% was obtained, and persulfuric acid was added to the aqueous monomer solution (8). 0.072 g of sodium was dissolved, and nitrogen gas was blown to drive out dissolved oxygen.
[0086]
In a four-necked separable flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, a nitrogen gas inlet tube and a dropping funnel, 389.5 g of cyclohexane was taken, and ethyl cellulose (product number N-200 manufactured by Hercules Co., Ltd.) was used as a dispersant. 77 g was added and dissolved, and nitrogen gas was blown to expel dissolved oxygen. Next, the monomer aqueous solution (8) was added to the above separable flask and dispersed by stirring at 225 rpm. Thereafter, the bath temperature was raised to 65 ° C. to initiate the polymerization reaction, and then held at this temperature for 2 hours to complete the polymerization. After completion of the polymerization, most of the water in the hydrogel was distilled off by azeotropic dehydration with cyclohexane, followed by filtration and drying under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. to obtain spherical water-absorbing resin powder (8). The results are shown in Table 4.
[0087]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004150252
[0088]
As shown in Table 4, by using furfural, high-temperature polymerization and high-concentration polymerization can be moderately polymerized, and reverse-phase suspension polymerization has no substantial coloring, and a water-absorbing resin with YI ≦ 10 can be obtained.
[0089]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a method for producing a water-absorbing resin including a polymerization step for fragmenting a water-containing gel obtained simultaneously with cross-linking polymerization of an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer containing acrylic acid (salt), and acrylic acid Provided a method for producing a water-absorbent resin including a step of crosslinking polymerization of an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer containing (salt) and a step of subdividing the obtained hydrous gel so as not to generate a coarse gel itself. can do. Further, when reverse phase suspension polymerization is applied, the polymerization of the water-absorbing resin is moderately controlled, and further, there is no substantial coloring. Furthermore, in the method for producing a water-absorbent resin comprising a step of crosslinking polymerization of an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer containing acrylic acid (salt) and a step of fragmenting the obtained hydrous gel, high-temperature polymerization or transition metal It is possible to provide a production method capable of solving the problem of poor monomer stability when polymerization is performed in the presence.

Claims (14)

アクリル酸および/またはその1価塩を合計50モル%以上含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合すると同時に得られた含水ゲルを細分化する水溶液重合または逆相懸濁重合工程を含む水膨潤性・水不溶性の吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、
前記水溶性不飽和単量体がフルフラールを25〜900質量ppm(対単量体)含有する
ことを特徴とする、吸水性樹脂の製造方法。
Including aqueous solution polymerization or reversed phase suspension polymerization process for subdividing the acrylic acid and / or water-soluble unsaturated monomer aqueous solution crosslinked polymer is simultaneously obtained water-containing gel containing a monovalent salt total of 50 mol% or more thereof In the method for producing a water-swellable / insoluble water-absorbent resin,
The water-soluble unsaturated monomer contains furfural in an amount of 25 to 900 ppm by mass (with respect to the monomer) .
A method for producing a water-absorbent resin, characterized in that
アクリル酸および/またはその1価塩を合計50モル%以上含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合する水溶液重合または逆相懸濁重合工程と得られた含水ゲルを細分化する工程を含む水膨潤性・水不溶性の吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、
(A)前記水溶性不飽和単量体がフルフラールを25〜900質量ppm(対単量体)含有すること、
(B1)重合開始剤添加前の水溶液温度である重合開始温度が30℃以上であること、および、(B2)重合開始剤添加前の前記水溶性不飽和単量体が遷移金属を含有すること、の2つから選ばれる少なくとも1つであること、および、
(C)得られた細分化された含水ゲルが、質量平均粒子径0.3〜4mmで且つ粒子径10mm以上の粗大ゲルの割合が5質量%以下であること、
を特徴とする、吸水性樹脂の製造方法。
An aqueous solution polymerization or reverse phase suspension polymerization step of crosslinking an aqueous solution of a water-soluble unsaturated monomer containing acrylic acid and / or a monovalent salt thereof in total of 50 mol% or more , and a step of subdividing the obtained hydrous gel In the production method of the water-swellable and water-insoluble water-absorbing resin containing,
(A) The water-soluble unsaturated monomer contains furfural in an amount of 25 to 900 ppm by mass (with respect to the monomer),
(B1) The polymerization start temperature which is the aqueous solution temperature before addition of the polymerization initiator is 30 ° C. or higher, and (B2) the water-soluble unsaturated monomer before addition of the polymerization initiator contains a transition metal. And at least one selected from two of the following:
(C) The obtained finely divided hydrogel has a mass average particle diameter of 0.3 to 4 mm and a ratio of a coarse gel having a particle diameter of 10 mm or more is 5% by mass or less.
A method for producing a water-absorbent resin, characterized by:
アクリル酸および/またはその1価塩を合計50モル%以上含む水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液を架橋重合すると同時に細分化された含水ゲルを得る水溶液重合または逆相懸濁重合工程を含む水膨潤性・水不溶性の吸水性樹脂の製造方法において、
前記水溶性不飽和単量体がフルフラールを25〜900質量ppm(対単量体)含有する、
ことを特徴とする、吸水性樹脂の製造方法。
Water containing acrylic acid and / or aqueous solution polymerization or reverse phase suspension polymerization process to obtain the total 50 mol% or more containing the water-soluble unsaturated monomer aqueous solution crosslinked polymer is simultaneously finely divided hydrous gel of the monovalent salt In the method for producing a swellable, water-insoluble water-absorbent resin,
The water-soluble unsaturated monomer contains furfural in an amount of 25 to 900 ppm by mass (with respect to the monomer).
A method for producing a water-absorbent resin, characterized in that
前記架橋重合が剪断力を有する重合容器中で行う水溶液重合であり、細分化された含水ゲルが重合と同時に得られる、請求項1に記載の製造方法。The crosslinked polymer is aqueous solution polymerization carried out in a polymerization vessel having shear force, fragmented hydrogel is obtained at the same time as the Polymerization The process of claim 1. 前記架橋重合が疎水性有機溶媒中での逆相懸濁重合であり、細分化された含水ゲルが有機溶媒中での逆相懸濁重合と同時に得られる、請求項3に記載の製造方法。  The production method according to claim 3, wherein the cross-linking polymerization is reverse phase suspension polymerization in a hydrophobic organic solvent, and the fragmented hydrogel is obtained simultaneously with the reverse phase suspension polymerization in the organic solvent. 前記重合工程が、前記水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液が連続供給および含水ゲルが連続排出される連続重合である、請求項1からまでの何れかに記載の製造方法。The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the polymerization step is continuous polymerization in which an aqueous solution of the water-soluble unsaturated monomer is continuously supplied and a hydrogel is continuously discharged. 前記水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液の濃度が40質量%以上である、請求項1からまでの何れかに記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method in any one of Claim 1-6 whose density | concentration of the aqueous solution of the said water-soluble unsaturated monomer is 40 mass% or more. 前記水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液の重合開始温度が40℃以上である、請求項1からまでの何れかに記載の製造方法。The polymerization initiation temperature of the aqueous solution of the water-soluble unsaturated monomer is 40 ° C. or higher, the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7. 重合ないし細分化後に得られた含水ゲルをさらに乾燥および表面架橋する、請求項1からまでの何れかに記載の製造方法。The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the hydrogel obtained after polymerization or fragmentation is further dried and surface-crosslinked. 重合開始剤添加前の前記水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液が遷移金属を0.1〜2ppm含む、請求項1からまでの何れかに記載の製造方法。Aqueous solution of the polymerization initiator added prior to the water-soluble unsaturated monomer contains 0.1~2ppm a transition metal, the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 前記水溶性不飽和単量体が、予め内部架橋剤を含む、請求項1から10までの何れかにThe water-soluble unsaturated monomer according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which contains an internal cross-linking agent in advance. 記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method as described. 前記水溶性不飽和単量体の水溶液の濃度が70質量%以下である、請求項1から11までの何れかに記載の製造方法。The manufacturing method in any one of Claim 1-11 whose density | concentration of the aqueous solution of the said water-soluble unsaturated monomer is 70 mass% or less. 吸水性樹脂が、樹脂中の水可溶成分が50重量%以下の水不溶性で、且つ無荷重下の生理食塩水に対して5〜200倍の水膨潤性である、請求項1から12までの何れかに記載の製造方法。The water-absorbent resin is water-insoluble with a water-soluble component in the resin of 50% by weight or less, and has a water swellability of 5 to 200 times that of physiological saline under no load. The manufacturing method in any one of. 4.9kPa加圧下吸収倍率が20g/g以上、および/または加圧下通液量(SFC)が10×10Absorption capacity under pressure of 4.9 kPa is 20 g / g or more and / or liquid flow rate under pressure (SFC) is 10 × 10 −7-7 まで表面架橋する、請求項1から13までの何れかに記載の製造方法。The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the surface is cross-linked.
JP2002366968A 2001-12-19 2002-12-18 Method for producing water absorbent resin Expired - Fee Related JP4150252B2 (en)

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SA03230502B1 (en) 2007-02-27
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WO2003051939A1 (en) 2003-06-26
KR100504592B1 (en) 2005-08-03
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US7009010B2 (en) 2006-03-07
JP2003246812A (en) 2003-09-05
US20040110913A1 (en) 2004-06-10
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DE60231834D1 (en) 2009-05-14
EP1456258A1 (en) 2004-09-15

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