JP4151822B2 - Method for producing gypsum with reduced fluorine eluting - Google Patents
Method for producing gypsum with reduced fluorine eluting Download PDFInfo
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- JP4151822B2 JP4151822B2 JP2002006313A JP2002006313A JP4151822B2 JP 4151822 B2 JP4151822 B2 JP 4151822B2 JP 2002006313 A JP2002006313 A JP 2002006313A JP 2002006313 A JP2002006313 A JP 2002006313A JP 4151822 B2 JP4151822 B2 JP 4151822B2
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- gypsum
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、溶出するフッ素を低下させた石膏を提供するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
石膏は、建築材料として石膏ボードやプラスターとして大量に使用されている。特に石膏ボードは、安価で耐火性に優れるため、建築物の内装基盤材として普及しており、年間生産量は約470万トン、廃材発生量は154万トンになると言われている。これらの廃材の一部は石膏ボード用原料として回収利用されているものの、その大半はやむなく他の産業廃棄物と共に埋めたて処分されている。従って、石膏中に、水に溶出して土壌を汚染する物質を含むときは、環境汚染の問題となる。
【0003】
ところが、石膏ボード原料の4割を占める副産石膏の多くはフッ素を含有するため、従来の方法で製造した場合、フッ素の一部が溶けだしてくるという問題があった。この問題を解決するため、石膏スラリーに消石灰等のカルシウム化合物を添加し、フッ素をフッ化カルシウムとして固定する技術が行なわれていた。しかし、フッ化カルシウムのフッ素としての溶解度は8ppm程度であり、フッ素の排出基準が15mg/lから8mg/lに変更されたことを考慮すと十分な技術とは言えなかった。また、業界において石膏ボードからのフッ素の溶出値を自主的に強化しようとの動きがあり、更に溶出するフッ素を低下させる技術の開発が望まれていた。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる課題を解決すべく本発明者らは鋭意検討を行なった結果、本発明を完成するに至った。即ち、石膏スラリーにアルカリを添加してpHを9以上に上げ、その後、リン酸類、及び/又は、酸を添加して、pHの下げ幅が1以上、下げたpHが6以上なるよう調整することを特徴とする溶出するフッ素を低下させた石膏に関する。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に実施の形態を挙げて、本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
本発明の石膏スラリーは、石膏のpHを調整できる状態であれば、いずれの濃度でも良く、石膏濃度が数十%のいわゆるスラリー状態でも良いし、数%以下の分散状態でも良い。また、分散媒としては、通常、水を使用するが、石膏の製造工程で発生する副産物や混入物を含有していても良く、有機物等の溶媒が含有されていても良い。
【0006】
石膏スラリーの石膏としては、天然でも人工的に合成されたものでも何れでも良い。合成された石膏としては種々あるが、例えば、リン酸製造時に副生するリン酸石膏、発電所等からの排煙脱硫に由来する排煙脱硫石膏や、チタン製造の際、副生するチタン石膏がある。本発明は、石膏からの溶出するフッ素を低下させるものであるから、フッ素を含有する副産石膏に使用するのが一般的である。しかし、天然石膏でも、フッ素を含有するものであれば、本発明の石膏として適用できる。また、石膏には、その結晶形態によってニ水石膏、半水石膏、無水石膏があるが、本発明はフッ素を含有するいずれの石膏にも適用可能である。
【0007】
本発明のアルカリとしては、水中で水酸基を供給できるものなら何れでも良い。水中で水酸基を提供できるものとしては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム等のアルカリ金属の水酸化物、水酸化カルシウムや水酸化マグネシウム等のアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物、水酸化アルミニウム等の金属の酸化物、更に、アンモニア等の水と反応により水酸基を放出する化合物を使用することができる。本発明の効果を得るためには、カルシウムイオンの供給が必要だと推測している。カルシウムイオンは石膏から供給されるものの、カルシウム源の添加により、より効果的に本発明を実施することができる。カルシウム源としては、塩化カルシウム等の水溶性のカルシウム塩を添加することもできるが、前記のアルカリとして水酸化カルシウムや炭酸カルシウムなどを使用すれば、本発明のアルカリとカルシウムイオンを同時に供給でき経済的である。
【0008】
本発明でいうリン酸類としては、リン酸とアルカリの中和に反応により生成したリン酸塩でも良いし、リン酸自体でも良い。例えば、リン酸アンモニウム、リン酸ソーダ、次亜リン酸、亜リン酸、次亜リン酸ナトリウム、ピロリン酸ナトリウム、酸性ピロリン酸ナトリウム、酸性メタリン酸ナトリウム、トリポリリン酸ナトリウム、ヘキサメタリン酸ナトリウム、ピロリン酸カリウム、リン酸、次亜リン酸カルシウム、リン酸カルシウム、その他金属とリン酸から生成する塩、更に、リン酸カルシウムとしては、トリカルシウムホスフェート、ダイカルシウムホスフェート、オクタカルシウムホスフェート、テトラカルシウムフホスフェート等の一般的なリン酸カルシウムだけにとどまらず、ハイドロキシアパタイトに代表されるリンからなるアパタイトをも含む。天然に産するリン酸化合物であるリン鉱石も例外ではない。本発明のリン酸類としては、液中でリン酸イオンを供給する必要があり、水溶性の高いものが望ましいが、水溶性が低い場合、時間をかけて反応、または、予め酸等で分解して使用することもできる。
【0009】
本発明でいう酸としては、水中でオキソにウムイオンを供給できるものなら、いずれの化合物でも良い。例えば、リン酸、硫酸、塩酸等の鉱酸でも良いし、酢酸や蟻酸等の有機酸でもよい。また、酸とアルカリの中和反応から生成される塩で、分子中に水素を含むもの、例えばリン酸一ナトリウム、リン酸ニナトリウム等も本発明の酸として使用できる。
【0010】
本発明でpHを上げる際のアルカリの添加は、アルカリをそのまま添加しても良いし、水等に稀釈して添加しても良い。到達するpHは9以上であればいずれでも良いが、本発明の処理前の石膏から溶出するフッ素量が多い場合は、pHを高くした方がより効果的にフッ素の溶出を抑制することができる。
【0011】
石膏スラリーのpHを9以上に上げた後のリン酸類、及び/又は、酸の添加は、アルカリと同様にそのまま添加しても良いし、水等で稀釈してから添加しても良い。また、リン酸類と酸は、共に添加しても良いが、リン酸類がリン酸等酸性を示すものであれば、リン酸類のみを添加るすることによっても、本発明の効果が得られる。
【0012】
本発明のリン酸類、及び/又は、酸を添加したときのpHの下げ幅は、1以上であれば良いが、下げ幅が高いほどより効果的にフッ素の溶出を抑制できる。また、下げたpHは6以上にすることが必要である。pHを6より低くした場合、一旦、固定化したフッ素が再び溶け出てくることが予想されるからである。
【0013】
本発明でいうリン酸カルシウムとしては、トリカルシウムホスフェート、ダイカルシウムホスフェート、モノカルシウムホスフェート、オクタカルシウムホスフェート、テトラカルシウムホスフェート等の一般的なものだけにとどまらず、ハイドロキシアパタイトに代表されるリンからなるアパタイトをも含む。天然に産するリン酸化合物であるリン鉱石も例外ではない。更には、リン酸とその他金属からなるアパタイト構造を有する化合物も含む。
また、本発明のリン酸カルシウムの(Ca)と(P)のモル比(Ca/P)は、1.2〜2.3であることが好ましい。更に、本発明のリン酸カルシウ中には、アパタイト構造を有することが好ましい。アパタイト構造を有する成分は、リン酸カルシウム中の主成分でも良いし、組成の一部であっても、本発明の効果を得ることができる。
【0014】
本発明のリン酸カルシウムは、予め石膏スラリーに添加しておいても良いし、リン酸類、及び/又は、酸を添加する前、または、同時に添加しても良い。リン酸カルシウムの添加方法としては、そのまま添加しても良いし、水等に分散させて添加しても良い。
【0015】
本発明により、石膏から溶出するフッ素を抑制できるのは、石膏スラリー中のフッ素を、石膏または添加したアルカリやカルシウム塩等から供給されるカルシウムイオンと、添加したリン酸類により、フルオロアパタイトとして固定できるからと推測している。また、本発明のリン酸カルシウムは、フルオロアパタイト生成の際の種晶としての効果を有し、フッ素の固定化を促進することができると推測している。更に本発明の処理により、フッ素のみでなく、鉛、亜鉛、カドミウム等の重金属化合物、更には、ヒ素化合物等の石膏からの溶出も低下することができる。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を詳細に説明する。
石膏スラリーとしては、リン酸製造の際、副生するニ水石膏スラリーを用いた。石膏スラリーの分析値を表1に示す。
【0017】
石膏中のフッ素濃度は、石膏を王水で分解後、水で稀釈し、フッ素イオン電極で測定した。また、溶出試験は、環境庁告示第13号「土壌の溶出試験方法」に従って以下のように測定した。実施例の処理で得られた石膏80gと純水800mlを1000mlの分液ロートに入れ、常温(25℃)常圧(1atm)で振騰機にかけ、振騰回数毎分約200回、振騰幅4〜5cmで6時間振騰した。その後、30分間静置し、ADVANTEC製のガラスフィルター GA−100でろ過、ろ液中のフッ素濃度をフッ素イオン電極で測定した。フッ素イオン電極は、JIS K0102の「イオン電極法」に準拠して使用した。
【0018】
実施例1
表1の石膏スラリー500gを攪拌しながら消石灰を添加して、pHを12まで上げた。次に、75%のリン酸を添加してpHを7まで下げた。処理後のスラリーをろ過し、得られた石膏を40℃で24時間乾燥した。この石膏を前記の環境庁告示第13号「土壌の溶出試験方法」に従って、石膏から溶出するフッ素濃度を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0019】
実施例2
表1の石膏スラリー500gを攪拌しながら消石灰を添加して、pHを10まで上げた。次に、リン酸一ナトリウムを添加してpHを7まで下げた。以下、実施例1と同様の方法で石膏から溶出するフッ素濃度を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0020】
実施例3
表1の石膏スラリー500gを攪拌しながら消石灰を添加して、pHを12まで上げた。次に、リン酸ニナトリウム8gを添加後、40%硫酸でpHを7まで下げた。以下、実施例1と同様の方法で石膏から溶出するフッ素濃度を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0021】
実施例4
表1の石膏スラリー500gに下関三井化学製第三リン酸カルシウム3.5gを添加し、攪拌しながら消石灰を添加して、pHを9まで上げた。次に、75%リン酸を添加後してpHを6まで下げた。以下、実施例1と同様の方法で石膏から溶出するフッ素濃度を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0022】
比較例1
表1の石膏スラリー500gをろ過し、得られた石膏を40℃で24時間乾燥した。この石膏を前記の環境庁告示第13号「土壌の溶出試験方法」に従って、石膏から溶出するフッ素濃度を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0023】
比較例2
水酸化カルシウム添加後のpHを8にした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行なった。結果を表2に示す。
【0024】
比較例3
75%リン酸の代わりに硫酸を用いてpHを7にした以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行なった。結果を表2に示す。
【0025】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の処理によって、石膏から溶出するフッ素の値は、フッ素の環境基準である0.8mg/lの3倍、即ち、2.4mg/l以下まで低下させることができる。また、条件を限定することにより、フッ素の環境基準である0.8mg/l以下まで下げることも可能である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides gypsum in which the eluted fluorine is reduced.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Gypsum is used in large quantities as gypsum board and plaster as a building material. In particular, gypsum board is inexpensive and has excellent fire resistance, so it is widely used as an interior base material for buildings. It is said that the annual production is about 4.7 million tons and the amount of waste generated is 15.4 million tons. Although some of these waste materials are recovered and used as raw materials for gypsum board, most of them are inevitably disposed of with other industrial waste. Therefore, when the gypsum contains a substance that dissolves in water and contaminates the soil, it becomes a problem of environmental pollution.
[0003]
However, since most of the by-product gypsum, which accounts for 40% of the gypsum board raw material, contains fluorine, there is a problem that a part of the fluorine starts to dissolve when manufactured by the conventional method. In order to solve this problem, a technique has been performed in which a calcium compound such as slaked lime is added to a gypsum slurry to fix fluorine as calcium fluoride. However, the solubility of calcium fluoride as fluorine is about 8 ppm, and it cannot be said that it is a sufficient technique considering that the emission standard of fluorine is changed from 15 mg / l to 8 mg / l. In addition, there has been a movement in the industry to voluntarily enhance the elution value of fluorine from gypsum board, and further development of a technique for reducing the eluted fluorine has been desired.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have completed the present invention. That is, an alkali is added to the gypsum slurry to raise the pH to 9 or more, and then phosphoric acids and / or acids are added to adjust the pH reduction range to 1 or more and the lowered pH to 6 or more. It is related with the gypsum which reduced the fluorine to elute characterized by this.
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to embodiments.
The gypsum slurry of the present invention may be in any concentration as long as the pH of the gypsum can be adjusted, and may be in a so-called slurry state with a gypsum concentration of several tens of percent or in a dispersed state of several percent or less. In addition, water is usually used as the dispersion medium, but it may contain by-products and contaminants generated in the gypsum manufacturing process, and may contain a solvent such as an organic substance.
[0006]
The gypsum of the gypsum slurry may be either natural or artificially synthesized. There are various types of gypsum synthesized, such as phosphate gypsum by-produced during the production of phosphoric acid, flue gas desulfurization gypsum derived from flue gas desulfurization from power plants, etc., and titanium gypsum by-produced during titanium production There is. Since the present invention reduces fluorine eluted from gypsum, it is generally used for by-product gypsum containing fluorine. However, natural gypsum can be applied as the gypsum of the present invention as long as it contains fluorine. Further, gypsum includes dihydrate gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, and anhydrous gypsum depending on the crystal form, but the present invention is applicable to any gypsum containing fluorine.
[0007]
The alkali of the present invention may be any as long as it can supply a hydroxyl group in water. Examples of the group capable of providing a hydroxyl group in water include alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and metals such as aluminum hydroxide. In addition, a compound that releases a hydroxyl group by reaction with water such as ammonia can be used. In order to obtain the effects of the present invention, it is assumed that the supply of calcium ions is necessary. Although calcium ions are supplied from gypsum, the present invention can be implemented more effectively by adding a calcium source. As the calcium source, a water-soluble calcium salt such as calcium chloride can be added. If calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate is used as the alkali, the alkali of the present invention and calcium ions can be supplied simultaneously. Is.
[0008]
The phosphoric acid referred to in the present invention may be a phosphate produced by the reaction of neutralizing phosphoric acid and alkali, or phosphoric acid itself. For example, ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, hypophosphorous acid, phosphorous acid, sodium hypophosphite, sodium pyrophosphate, acidic sodium pyrophosphate, acidic sodium metaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, potassium pyrophosphate , Phosphoric acid, calcium hypophosphite, calcium phosphate, other salts formed from metal and phosphoric acid, and as calcium phosphate, only general calcium phosphates such as tricalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, octacalcium phosphate, tetracalcium phosphate, etc. It also includes apatite composed of phosphorus, typified by hydroxyapatite. Phosphorous ore, a naturally occurring phosphate compound, is no exception. As the phosphoric acid of the present invention, it is necessary to supply phosphate ions in the liquid, and those having high water solubility are desirable. However, when the water solubility is low, it takes time to react or decomposes with an acid or the like in advance. Can also be used.
[0009]
The acid referred to in the present invention may be any compound as long as it can supply a um ion to oxo in water. For example, it may be a mineral acid such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, or an organic acid such as acetic acid or formic acid. In addition, a salt produced from a neutralization reaction between an acid and an alkali and containing hydrogen in the molecule, for example, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate and the like can be used as the acid of the present invention.
[0010]
In the present invention, the alkali may be added at the time of raising the pH as it is, or the alkali may be added as it is diluted with water or the like. The reached pH may be any as long as it is 9 or more, but when the amount of fluorine eluted from the gypsum before treatment of the present invention is large, elution of fluorine can be more effectively suppressed by increasing the pH. .
[0011]
Phosphoric acids and / or acids after raising the pH of the gypsum slurry to 9 or more may be added as it is in the same manner as in the alkali, or may be added after diluting with water or the like. Both phosphoric acids and acids may be added, but the effects of the present invention can be obtained by adding only phosphoric acids if the phosphoric acids show acidity such as phosphoric acid.
[0012]
The pH decrease width when the phosphoric acid and / or acid of the present invention is added may be 1 or more, but the higher the decrease width, the more effectively the fluorine elution can be suppressed. The lowered pH needs to be 6 or more. This is because, when the pH is lower than 6, it is expected that once immobilized fluorine will be dissolved again.
[0013]
The calcium phosphate as used in the present invention is not limited to tricalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, octacalcium phosphate, tetracalcium phosphate and the like, but also includes apatite composed of phosphorus typified by hydroxyapatite. Including. Phosphorous ore, a naturally occurring phosphate compound, is no exception. Furthermore, a compound having an apatite structure composed of phosphoric acid and other metals is also included.
Moreover, it is preferable that the molar ratio (Ca / P) of (Ca) and (P) of the calcium phosphate of the present invention is 1.2 to 2.3. Furthermore, the calcium phosphate of the present invention preferably has an apatite structure. The component having an apatite structure may be a main component in calcium phosphate, or even if it is part of the composition, the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
[0014]
The calcium phosphate of the present invention may be added in advance to the gypsum slurry, or may be added before or simultaneously with the addition of phosphoric acids and / or acids. As a method for adding calcium phosphate, it may be added as it is, or may be added after being dispersed in water or the like.
[0015]
According to the present invention, fluorine eluted from gypsum can be suppressed because fluorine in gypsum slurry can be fixed as fluoroapatite by calcium ions supplied from gypsum or added alkali or calcium salt, and added phosphoric acids. I guess from. Further, it is presumed that the calcium phosphate of the present invention has an effect as a seed crystal in the production of fluoroapatite and can promote the fixation of fluorine. Furthermore, the treatment of the present invention can reduce elution from not only fluorine but also heavy metal compounds such as lead, zinc and cadmium, and also gypsum such as arsenic compounds.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples.
As the gypsum slurry, dihydrate gypsum slurry by-produced during the production of phosphoric acid was used. The analytical values of the gypsum slurry are shown in Table 1.
[0017]
The fluorine concentration in the gypsum was measured with a fluoride ion electrode after the gypsum was decomposed with aqua regia and diluted with water. In addition, the dissolution test was measured as follows according to Environmental Agency Notification No. 13 “Soil dissolution test method”. Put 80 g of gypsum and 800 ml of pure water obtained in the treatment of Example into a 1000 ml separatory funnel, put on a shaker at normal temperature (25 ° C.) and normal pressure (1 atm), shake about 200 times per minute. Shake for 6 hours with a width of 4-5 cm. Then, it left still for 30 minutes, it filtered with glass filter GA-100 made from ADVANTEC, and the fluorine concentration in a filtrate was measured with the fluorine ion electrode. The fluorine ion electrode was used in accordance with “Ion electrode method” of JIS K0102.
[0018]
Example 1
While stirring 500 g of the gypsum slurry in Table 1, slaked lime was added to raise the pH to 12. Next, 75% phosphoric acid was added to lower the pH to 7. The treated slurry was filtered, and the obtained gypsum was dried at 40 ° C. for 24 hours. This gypsum was measured for the fluorine concentration eluted from the gypsum according to the Environmental Agency Notification No. 13 “Soil dissolution test method”. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0019]
Example 2
While stirring 500 g of the gypsum slurry in Table 1, slaked lime was added to raise the pH to 10. Next, monosodium phosphate was added to lower the pH to 7. Hereinafter, the fluorine concentration eluted from gypsum was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0020]
Example 3
While stirring 500 g of the gypsum slurry in Table 1, slaked lime was added to raise the pH to 12. Next, 8 g of disodium phosphate was added, and the pH was lowered to 7 with 40% sulfuric acid. Hereinafter, the fluorine concentration eluted from gypsum was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0021]
Example 4
3.5 g of tribasic calcium phosphate manufactured by Shimonoseki Mitsui Chemicals was added to 500 g of the gypsum slurry shown in Table 1, and slaked lime was added while stirring to raise the pH to 9. Next, the pH was lowered to 6 after adding 75% phosphoric acid. Hereinafter, the fluorine concentration eluted from gypsum was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0022]
Comparative Example 1
500 g of the gypsum slurry in Table 1 was filtered, and the obtained gypsum was dried at 40 ° C. for 24 hours. This gypsum was measured for the fluorine concentration eluted from the gypsum according to the Environmental Agency Notification No. 13 “Soil dissolution test method”. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0023]
Comparative Example 2
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the pH after addition of calcium hydroxide was set to 8. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0024]
Comparative Example 3
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the pH was adjusted to 7 using sulfuric acid instead of 75% phosphoric acid. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, by the treatment of the present invention, the value of fluorine eluted from gypsum can be reduced to three times 0.8 mg / l which is the environmental standard of fluorine, that is, 2.4 mg / l or less. . In addition, by limiting the conditions, it is possible to reduce the environmental standard to 0.8 mg / l or less, which is the environmental standard for fluorine.
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| JP4908817B2 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2012-04-04 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Stabilization processing method and stabilization processing apparatus for hardened gypsum |
| JP2008237948A (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-09 | Kawasaki Plant Systems Ltd | Waste stabilization processing method and stabilization processing apparatus |
| JP4752038B2 (en) * | 2007-06-01 | 2011-08-17 | 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 | Method for treating gypsum to reduce elution of contained fluorine |
| WO2010041330A1 (en) | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-15 | 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 | Fluorine insolubilizing agent, gypsum with elution of fluorine contained therein being reduced, and method for treating soil contaminated with fluirine |
| JP6559551B2 (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2019-08-14 | 株式会社トクヤマ | Method for producing dihydrate gypsum with reduced fluorine elution |
| CN111922027A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-11-13 | 吉安创成环保科技有限责任公司 | Stabilization and solidification method and application of inorganic fluoride landfill waste |
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