JP4155541B2 - Regeneration method of chromium-containing anion exchange resin for wastewater treatment - Google Patents
Regeneration method of chromium-containing anion exchange resin for wastewater treatment Download PDFInfo
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- JP4155541B2 JP4155541B2 JP33278899A JP33278899A JP4155541B2 JP 4155541 B2 JP4155541 B2 JP 4155541B2 JP 33278899 A JP33278899 A JP 33278899A JP 33278899 A JP33278899 A JP 33278899A JP 4155541 B2 JP4155541 B2 JP 4155541B2
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- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- exchange resin
- anion exchange
- water
- hexavalent chromium
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims description 88
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 86
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 84
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 nitrate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cr+3] VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、クロム含有排水処理用陰イオン交換樹脂の再生処理方法の改良に係り、特に上記陰イオン交換樹脂から6価クロムと塩化物イオンとを溶離してクロムの再資源化を可能とする技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
クロムメッキやクロメート処理などの金属表面処理工程から排出される排水(廃液)には、クロムイオンが6価または3価の形で含まれる。6価クロムはH2CrO4、HCrO4 -などの陰イオンの形で存在するので陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着する。クロム含有排水中の3価クロムは含有量こそ少ないが、共存するSO4 2-イオンやCl-イオンと作用して分子量の大きな3価クロム錯体を形成しており、陰イオン交換樹脂に強固に付着するのでイオン交換樹脂の再生時に6価クロムを溶離しにくいという欠点がある。3価クロム錯体は、量的には僅かでも陰イオン交換樹脂を長期間使用し、連続して脱イオンとイオン交換樹脂の再生を繰り返していると樹脂表面に陰イオンが付着・蓄積して陰イオン交換樹脂本来の機能を退化させる。しかし6価クロムは陰イオン交換樹脂に容易に吸着し、溶離するので樹脂による脱着処理が可能である。
【0003】
実際の金属表面処理のクロム含有排水中には陰イオンの他に、陽イオンも含まれるから、この表面処理排水をイオン交換樹脂で浄化するには、陽イオン交換樹脂塔と陰イオン交換樹脂塔を直列に接続したイオン交換装置が用いられる。これにより、金属表面処理排水は脱イオン水として再利用できる。金属表面処理のクロム含有排水のリサイクルに用いたイオン交換樹脂は再生すれば繰り返し何回でも使える。通常、陽イオン交換樹脂は塩酸、陰イオン交換樹脂は水酸化ナトリウムで洗浄して再生している。
【0004】
陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着した6価クロムと3価クロムのうち、6価クロムは水酸化ナトリウムに良く溶けるので溶離できるが、3価クロムは溶解しにくいので、いつまでも樹脂表面にまつわりつくように付着して、陰イオン交換樹脂の脱イオン効果と再生効率の低下を招く原因となっていた。
【0005】
イオン交換樹脂を再生のため水で洗浄したときの溶離排水に含まれる6価クロム等の重金属は中和・凝集処理し、6価クロムは還元、中和後、スラッジとして埋め立て処分されていた。
【0006】
クロム含有排水の中でも特に有害な6価クロムの還元には一般に硫酸酸性下で亜硫酸水素ナトリウムが用いられ、下記反応により6価から3価に還元される。
【0007】
4H2CrO4+6NaHSO3+3H2SO2 → 2Cr2(SO4)3+Na2SO4+10H2O (1)
6価クロム 還元剤 3価クロム
3価クロムは水酸化ナトリウムなどのアルカリで中和すれば下記反応により水に不溶の水酸化クロムCr(OH)3となって析出する。
【0008】
Cr2(SO4)3+6NaOH → 2Cr(OH)3+3Na2SO4 (2)
6価クロムは陰イオン交換樹脂にHCrO4 -の形で吸着するが、排水中にはその他に塩化物イオン(Cl-)硝酸イオン(NO3 -)、硫酸イオン(SO4 2-)なども混在するので、これらの陰イオンも上記陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着する。陰イオン交換樹脂の再生には水酸化ナトリウムを用いるので、この再生した洗浄液には必然的に6価クロム、塩化物イオン、硝酸イオン、硫酸イオン、アルカリ成分が含まれる。
【0009】
塩化物イオンを多く含んだクロム含有排水を処理して再資源化しようとすると、塩化物イオンが処理装置を腐食させるという不都合を生じるのでこれまで再利用は困難であった。従って、現在、クロム含有排水は上記(1)(2)式のように硫酸酸性下で還元してから水酸化ナトリウムで中和処理した後無害化し埋め立て処分している。しかし、還元が不充分だったり、埋立地の土壌によってはクロムが再び溶解し、地下水や公共水域に溶出したり、土壌を汚染するなど環境問題が派生している。
【0010】
このように、クロム含有排水を陰イオン交換樹脂でリサイクルしようとすると僅かに含まれる3価クロム錯体に起因する陰イオン交換樹脂の脱イオン効果の低下と樹脂の再生不良を招くので、化学薬品を使わないで3価クロムを6価クロムに変換する技術が望まれていた。化学薬品を使わない酸化処理は処理水中のイオン量を増加させないのでイオン交換樹脂へ負担をかけなくて済む。また、クロム含有スラッジの埋め立て処理は土壌汚染と水環境汚染の原因となるのでイオン交換樹脂から溶離したクロムを再資源化する技術が望まれていたが、上記スラッジ中の塩化物イオンの共存がそれを阻んでおり、6価クロムの中から塩化物イオンのみを選択的に除去する方法が望まれていた。
【0011】
金属表面処理工程から発生する6価クロム含有排水は、陽イオン交換樹脂と陰イオン交換樹脂に通水すれば脱イオン水としてリサイクルできる。飽和に達した陽イオン交換樹脂は5〜10%程度の塩酸溶液で再生する。陰イオン交換樹脂は5〜10%の水酸化ナトリウム溶液で再生すれば繰り返し利用できる。しかし陰イオン交換樹脂には、表面処理排水中の6価クロムイオン、3価クロム錯体、塩化物イオン、硝酸イオン、硫酸イオンなどの陰イオンがすべて吸着する。このうち、排水中に僅かに存在している3価クロム錯体は樹脂に強固に付着するので、イオン交換樹脂で処理する前に6価クロムなどに変換できれば都合が良い。それには、後工程でイオン交換樹脂を使用する観点から、イオン増加の直接原因となる化学薬品を使わない方法が望ましい。
【0012】
クロム含有排水中の3価クロムが化学薬品を使わないで6価クロムに変換できる方法が見出せれば、排水のリサイクル化における3価クロム錯体由来のイオン交換反応不良と再生不良の問題が解消され、イオン交換樹脂によるクロム排水のリサイクルを効率良く行うことができる。
【0013】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし上述の問題が解決されたとしても、下記の点が未だ改良されていない。即ち、陰イオン交換樹脂再生廃液の中には、不純物としての塩化物イオンが特に多く含まれる。この廃液中の6価クロムをクロム精製工場で再資源化しようとしても塩化物イオンはクロム精製工程で装置材料に対して腐食物質として作用する。従って、クロムを再資源化する前に塩化物イオンを分離する必要がある。ただし、塩化物イオン以外の硝酸イオン、硫酸イオンはクロム製造装置に悪影響を及ぼさない。
【0014】
また、クロム含有排水中の塩化物イオンを分離して6価クロムを精製する方法が確立されれば、陰イオン交換樹脂による排水のリサイクル化と共にクロムの再資源化にも貢献するリサイクルシステムが完成する。
【0015】
本発明の目的は、クロム含有排水処理用陰イオン交換樹脂の洗浄再生後の際、6価クロムと塩化物イオンとを選択的に溶離して、塩化物イオンを分離して6価クロムのみを回収することにより、これまで廃棄処分していたクロム含有廃液を、クロム酸原料の一部として再資源して環境保全と資源確保の両面に貢献することにある。
【0016】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明のクロム含有排水処理用陰イオン交換樹脂の再生処理方法は、3価クロムを紫外線照射併用オゾン酸化処理して変換した6価クロム及び塩化物イオン等を含有するクロム含有排水を処理した陰イオン交換樹脂を、濃度の低い第1のアルカリ溶液で第1の洗浄をしてから、濃度の高い第2のアルカリ溶液で第2の洗浄をすることを要旨とする。
【0017】
本発明において、前記陰イオン交換樹脂を第2のアルカリ溶液で洗浄した液を回収すれば、塩化物イオンを分離してなる6価クロムの濃厚な排水を得ることができる。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
前述したように本発明は、クロム含有排水処理用陰イオン交換樹脂に吸着した6価クロムの精製と回収を目的としており、そのためには6価クロムと塩化物イオンである陰イオンとを溶離させることができればよい。そこで、この点を検討したところ、クロム含有排水中に溶解している6価クロム(HCrO4 -)、塩化物イオン(Cl-)、硝酸イオン(NO3 -)、硫酸イオン(SO4 2-)などの陰イオンのなかで、6価クロムは陰イオン交換樹脂に対して吸着性が強く、塩化物イオンが弱いことが判明した。
【0019】
上記の各陰イオンが樹脂に吸着していても、上記の塩化物イオンは樹脂に対する選択吸着性が弱いので、上記樹脂を希薄な炭酸ナトリウム溶液を通液するだけで6価クロムより先に塩化物イオンを溶離させることができる。次いで、同じ陰イオン交換樹脂に濃厚なアルカリ溶液を通液すれば6価クロムが分離できる。このようにして、クロム含有排水中に塩化物イオンと6価クロムイオンが共存していても6価クロムを選択的に分離する。
【0020】
本発明の方法は、例えば、以下の順序の工程で実施される。即ち、a.6価クロム、塩化物イオン、硝酸イオン、硫酸イオンなどを含む樹脂再生廃液を硫酸溶液でpH3に調整後、もう一度、陰イオン交換樹脂塔に通液してクロムが飽和するまで吸着させる、b.クロムが飽和した樹脂塔に希薄なアルカリ溶液を通液してクロムと共に吸着している塩化物イオンを洗い流す、c.次に、濃アルカリ溶液を流してクロムを溶離する3つの工程より成る。これにより、廃液中のクロムを分離・精製してクロム原料として再資源化する。
【0021】
なお、本発明の方法の実施に際し、陰イオン交換樹脂により処理されるクロム含有排水は、紫外線照射併用オゾン酸化法により前処理して、このクロム含有排水を陰イオン交換樹脂法で脱イオンする前に樹脂吸着で障害となる3価クロムを6価クロムに変換する。
【0022】
上記前処理は次のように行われる。クロム含有排水に低圧水銀ランプから発生する253.7nmの紫外線を照射しながらオゾンを作用させると酸化力の強いヒドロキシルラジカル(OH・)が発生するので3価クロムは短時間のうちに6価クロムに変わる。酸化力の強さを示す酸化還元電位を比較するとヒドロキシルラジカル(OH・)2.85mV、オゾン(O3)2.07mV、過酸化水素(H2O2)1.78mV、二酸化マンガン(MnO2)1.51mV、塩素(Cl2)1.36mVである。従って、上記オゾン酸化法を適用すると化学薬品を使わないで3価クロムが容易に6価クロムに変わる。このとき少量の過酸化水素(H2O2)を添加すると酸化反応は更に促進される。過酸化水素は分解生成物が水と酸素であるから多少過剰に添加してもイオン交換樹脂に負荷をかけないという利点がある。このようにして、クロム含有排水中に僅かに含まれる3価クロムを容易に6価クロムに変換すれば、イオン交換樹脂による脱イオン処理と樹脂の再生が効率良く行え、クロム排水のリサイクル化が容易となる。
【0023】
【実施例】
以下、上述した実施形態に基づく本発明の実施例を説明する。まず、本実施例では、クロム含有排水を、紫外線照射併用オゾン酸化法により前処理するので、これから説明する。
【0024】
金属表面処理工程で発生したクロム含有排水(pH7.8、電気伝導率135mS/m)に253.7nmの紫外線を照射しながらオゾンを作用させると3価クロムは1時間程度で6価クロムに変わった。更に同様の排水に過酸化水素を50mg/L添加してUVオゾン酸化すると3価クロムは30分程度で6価クロムに変化した。酸化前の原水と過酸化水素添加UVオゾン酸化(30分)後の排水組成を表1に示す。
【0025】
【表1】
【0026】
以上のようにして前処理後に得られた酸化処理水(pH7.2、電気伝導率150mS/m)を図1(a)に示すように陽イオン交換樹脂塔1と陰イオン交換樹脂塔2を直列に接続した樹脂塔に通水したら純度の高い脱イオン水(pH7.5、電気伝導率0.8mS/m)が得られた。この水は表面処理工程の水洗水としてリサイクルできた。
【0027】
前記飽和に達した陽イオン交換樹脂(H型)は約7%塩酸溶液で再生した。他方陰イオン交換樹脂(OH型)は約10%水酸化ナトリウム溶液で再生して濃度の高いアルカリ溶液部分を採取した。このクロム含有排水のpHは13.8の強アルカリ性を示し、下記表2の組成であった。
【0028】
【表2】
【0029】
この6価クロムと塩化物イオンを含有するクロム含有排水を硫酸で弱酸性のpH3に調整した。次に、この液を陰イオン交換樹脂塔に通液し樹脂にクロムが飽和に達するまで吸着させた。次いで、図1(b)のように陰イオン交換樹脂塔2に陰イオン樹脂の5倍容量の水で通水速度5mL/mL・RESIN・h(5Space Velocity、以下SV5と略す)で通水したのち、図1(c)のように樹脂量の約10倍容量、3ミリモル(0.025%)の希薄炭酸ナトリウム(Na2CO3)溶液を用いてSV2の速度で樹脂層に対し第1回の洗浄をした。第1の洗浄液である希薄炭酸ナトリウム溶液のpHは約11であった。洗浄したクロム含有排水の中にはCl-90mg/L、NO3 -45mg/L、SO4 2 -60mg/L、Cr6 +30mg/Lが検出された。
【0030】
次に図1(d)のように10%水酸化ナトリウム溶液で第2の洗浄を行って6価クロムの溶離を行ったところ表3に示す第2のクロム含有排水が得られた。
【0031】
【表3】
【0032】
このクロム含有排水は、無水クロム酸(CrO3)に換算すると(CrO3/Cr=1.92)約88,000mg/L(8.8%)となり、クロム酸原料として再資源化できることを確認した。即ち、第1回の洗浄で塩化物イオンを分離してから、第2回の洗浄で6価クロムを多く含むクロム含有排水を回収することができる。
【0033】
次に本発明の他の実施例を説明する。表2のクロム含有排水を硫酸でpH3に調整した後、陰イオン交換樹脂にクロムが飽和に達するまで吸着させた。次に、樹脂量の5倍量の水を用いてSV5で水洗の後、樹脂量の10倍容量、1ミリモル(0.004%)の希薄水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)溶液を用いてSV2で樹脂層を洗浄した。洗浄したクロム含有排水中にはCl-30mg/L、NO3 -40mg/L、SO4 2 -50mg/Lが検出された。
【0034】
次に、この陰イオン交換樹脂に第2のアルカリ溶液である濃厚な10%水酸化ナトリウム溶液で洗浄し、この第2の洗浄液によってクロムの溶離を行ったところ表4に示すクロム含有排水が得られた。
【0035】
【表4】
【0036】
本クロム含有排水は、無水クロム酸(CrO3)に換算すると83,000mg/L(8.3%)となり、これもクロム酸原料として再資源化できることを確認した。
【0037】
上記各実施例から陰イオン交換樹脂に対するイオンの選択吸着性は、6価クロム(HCrO4 -)>硫酸イオン(SO4 2-)>硝酸イオン(NO3 -)>塩化物イオン(Cl-)の順と考えられる。従って、これらの陰イオンが吸着した陰イオン交換樹脂層に希薄なアルカリ溶液を通液すると吸着力の弱い塩化物イオンは先に押し出されて溶離したと考えられる。
【0038】
図2は、本発明を適用することによりクロム含有排水を処理して、金属加工処理用の水洗水とクロムを得るためのリサイクルシステムを示す。同図において、3はクロム精製工場、4は精製クロム酸を用いる金属表面処理工場、5はイオン交換樹脂再生工場である。
【0039】
金属表面処理工場4において、クロム処理槽4aでクロムメッキや、クロメート処理をした加工物はNo.1及びNo.2の水洗槽4b,4cで水洗した後、図示しない仕上げ工程に送られる。No.1水洗槽4bからあふれ出たクロム含有排水は、排水用の原水槽4dに貯留する。
【0040】
原水槽4dの排水は一度濾過器4eで濾過した後、濾過水槽4fに貯める。この濾過水は処理槽4gに送られ、オゾン発生器4g1からのオゾンの作用と紫外線ランプ4g2による紫外線照射によって酸化処理された後、貯水槽4hに貯められてから、濾過器4iを介して陽イオン交換樹脂塔4jと陰イオン交換樹脂塔4kに通水して脱イオン処理し、この脱イオン水を水洗水としてリサイクルする。これにより、水洗槽4b,4cの水は繰り返し使用できるので、本工程からはクロム含有排水を出すことがなく、水資源を有効利用できる。
【0041】
以上の排水処理を繰り返すことにより飽和に達したイオン交換樹脂はイオン交換樹脂再生工場5に送られる。再生工場5では前述した方法により、イオン交換樹脂を洗浄して再生し、特に陰イオン交換樹脂から溶離した6価クロム含有排水を精製した後、クロム精製工場3に送り、クロム酸製造原料の一部として再資源化する。これによりクロム含有排水の水洗水としてリサイクルとクロム再資源化の両方が達成できる。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明によれば、クロム含有排水を処理した陰イオン交換樹脂から吸着強度の差を利用して塩化物イオンを分離してから6価クロムを溶離して塩化物イオンを含まない濃厚な6価クロム溶液を得ることができる。従って、従来は還元、中和処理して廃棄していたクロムを、クロム酸原料として再資源化できる。その結果、クロム含有排水のリサイクル化とクロム再資源化の両方が達成可能となり、環境保全と省資源の観点から、より環境に適合したリサイクルシステムが確立できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例の説明図である。
【図2】本発明を適用したクロム含有排水のリサイクルシステムの構成概略図である。
【符号の説明】
1,4j 陽イオン交換樹脂塔
2,4k 陰イオン交換樹脂塔
3 クロム精製工場
4 金属表面処理工場
4g1 オゾン発生器
4g2 紫外線ランプ
5 イオン交換樹脂再生工場[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement of the process for regeneration of chromium-containing waste water treatment for the anion exchange resin to allow the recycling of the chrome especially separated solvent and chloride ions and hexavalent chromium from the anion exchange resin Regarding technology.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Drainage (waste liquid) discharged from metal surface treatment processes such as chromium plating and chromate treatment contains chromium ions in a hexavalent or trivalent form. Hexavalent chromium is present in the form of anions such as H 2 CrO 4 and HCrO 4 − and is adsorbed on the anion exchange resin. Although the trivalent chromium content in the chromium-containing wastewater is low, it acts with the coexisting SO 4 2− ions and Cl 2 − ions to form a trivalent chromium complex with a large molecular weight, making it an excellent anion exchange resin. Since it adheres, there exists a fault that hexavalent chromium is hard to elute at the time of regeneration of an ion exchange resin . A trivalent chromium complex uses an anion exchange resin for a long time even if it is quantitatively small, and anion adheres to and accumulates on the resin surface when deionization and regeneration of the ion exchange resin are repeated continuously. Degenerate the original function of ion exchange resin. However, hexavalent chromium is easily adsorbed and eluted on the anion exchange resin, so that desorption treatment with the resin is possible.
[0003]
In addition to anions, the actual metal surface-treated chromium-containing wastewater contains cations. To purify this surface-treated wastewater with an ion exchange resin, a cation exchange resin tower and an anion exchange resin tower are used. Are used in series. Thereby, the metal surface treatment waste water can be reused as deionized water. The ion exchange resin used to recycle chromium-containing wastewater for metal surface treatment can be used repeatedly as many times as it is recycled. Usually, the cation exchange resin is regenerated by washing with hydrochloric acid and the anion exchange resin with sodium hydroxide.
[0004]
Of hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium adsorbed on an anion exchange resin, hexavalent chromium dissolves well in sodium hydroxide and can be eluted, but trivalent chromium is difficult to dissolve, so it adheres to the resin surface forever. As a result, the deionization effect of the anion exchange resin and the decrease in the regeneration efficiency were caused.
[0005]
Heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium contained in the elution wastewater when the ion exchange resin was washed with water for regeneration were neutralized and agglomerated, and the hexavalent chromium was disposed of in landfill as sludge after reduction and neutralization. .
[0006]
In the reduction of hexavalent chromium, which is particularly harmful among the chromium-containing wastewater , sodium bisulfite is generally used under sulfuric acid acidity, and it is reduced from hexavalent to trivalent by the following reaction.
[0007]
4H 2 CrO 4 + 6NaHSO 3 + 3H 2 SO 2 → 2Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + Na 2 SO 4 + 10H 2 O (1)
Hexavalent chromium reducing agent Trivalent chromium Trivalent chromium, when neutralized with an alkali such as sodium hydroxide, precipitates as chromium hydroxide Cr (OH) 3 insoluble in water by the following reaction.
[0008]
Cr 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 6NaOH → 2Cr (OH) 3 + 3Na 2 SO 4 (2)
Hexavalent chromium is adsorbed on the anion exchange resin in the form of HCrO 4 − , but in addition to the waste water, chloride ions (Cl − ), nitrate ions (NO 3 − ), sulfate ions (SO 4 2− ), etc. Since they are mixed, these anions are also adsorbed on the anion exchange resin. Since sodium hydroxide is used to regenerate the anion exchange resin, this regenerated cleaning solution necessarily contains hexavalent chromium, chloride ions, nitrate ions, sulfate ions, and alkali components.
[0009]
If the chromium-containing waste water containing a large amount of chloride ions is treated to be recycled, chloride ions corrode the treatment equipment, and thus it has been difficult to reuse. Therefore, at present, chromium- containing waste water is reduced under sulfuric acid acidity, neutralized with sodium hydroxide, and then detoxified and disposed of in landfill as in the above formulas (1) and (2). However, environmental problems have arisen, such as insufficient reduction, chromium dissolved again in some landfill soils and eluted into groundwater and public waters, and soil contamination.
[0010]
In this way, when trying to recycle the chromium-containing wastewater with an anion exchange resin, the deionization effect of the anion exchange resin due to the slightly contained trivalent chromium complex and the poor regeneration of the resin are caused. A technique for converting trivalent chromium to hexavalent chromium without using it has been desired. Oxidation without using chemicals does not increase the amount of ions in the treated water, so there is no burden on the ion exchange resin. In addition, landfill treatment of chromium-containing sludge causes soil contamination and water environment contamination, so a technology to recycle chromium eluted from ion exchange resin has been desired. However, coexistence of chloride ions in the sludge has been desired. Therefore, a method for selectively removing only chloride ions from hexavalent chromium has been desired.
[0011]
The hexavalent chromium-containing wastewater generated from the metal surface treatment step can be recycled as deionized water by passing it through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin. The saturated cation exchange resin is regenerated with a hydrochloric acid solution of about 5 to 10%. The anion exchange resin can be used repeatedly if it is regenerated with a 5-10% sodium hydroxide solution. However, the anion exchange resin adsorbs all anions such as hexavalent chromium ions, trivalent chromium complexes, chloride ions, nitrate ions and sulfate ions in the surface treatment waste water. Of these, the trivalent chromium complex slightly present in the waste water adheres firmly to the resin, so it is advantageous if it can be converted to hexavalent chromium or the like before being treated with the ion exchange resin. For this purpose, from the viewpoint of using an ion exchange resin in a subsequent process, a method that does not use a chemical that directly causes an increase in ions is desirable.
[0012]
If a method that can convert trivalent chromium in chrome-containing wastewater to hexavalent chromium without using chemicals is found, the problem of poor ion exchange and regeneration due to trivalent chromium complex in wastewater recycling will be solved. In addition, it is possible to efficiently recycle chromium wastewater using ion exchange resin.
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, even if the above problems are solved, the following points have not been improved. That is, the anion exchange resin regeneration waste liquid contains a particularly large amount of chloride ions as impurities. Even if hexavalent chromium in the waste liquid is to be recycled at a chromium refining plant, chloride ions act as a corrosive substance on equipment materials in the chromium refining process. Therefore, it is necessary to separate chloride ions before recycling the chromium. However, nitrate ions and sulfate ions other than chloride ions do not adversely affect the chromium production apparatus.
[0014]
If a method for purifying hexavalent chromium by separating chloride ions in chromium-containing wastewater is established, a recycling system that contributes to recycling of wastewater as well as recycling of wastewater using anion exchange resin is completed. To do.
[0015]
The object of the present invention is to selectively elute hexavalent chromium and chloride ions after washing and regeneration of the anion exchange resin for wastewater treatment containing chromium, and to separate only chloride ions to remove only hexavalent chromium. By collecting, the chromium-containing waste liquid that has been disposed of up to now is recycled as part of the chromic acid raw material, thereby contributing to both environmental conservation and resource security.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, the method for regenerating an anion exchange resin for chromium-containing wastewater treatment according to the present invention contains hexavalent chromium, chloride ions and the like converted by ozone oxidation treatment combined with trivalent chromium. The main point is that the anion exchange resin treated with the chromium-containing waste water is first washed with a first alkaline solution having a low concentration and then washed with a second alkaline solution having a high concentration. .
[0017]
In the present invention, when recovering the liquid obtained by washing the anion exchange resin in the second alkaline solution, it is possible to obtain a thick drainage hexavalent chromium formed by separating the chloride ions.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention as described above is for the purpose of recovery and purification of hexavalent chromium adsorbed on chromium-containing waste water treatment for the anion exchange resin, in order that the hexavalent chromium and anionic soluble release a chloride ion It only has to be made. Therefore, as a result of considering this point, hexavalent chromium dissolved in the chromium containing organic wastewater (HCrO 4 -), chloride ion (Cl -), nitrate ion (NO 3 -), sulfate ion (SO 4 2 - ) Among the anions such as), hexavalent chromium was found to be highly adsorbable to anion exchange resins and weak chloride ions.
[0019]
Even if the anions described above adsorbed on the resin, because the salt compound ions is weak selective adsorptivity to the resin, before the hexavalent chromium by simply passing liquid dilute carbonate sodium solvent solution of the above resin Can elute chloride ions . Subsequently, hexavalent chromium can be separated by passing a concentrated alkaline solution through the same anion exchange resin. In this way, selectively separating hexavalent chromium be salt product ions and hexavalent chromium ions in the chromium-containing waste water coexist.
[0020]
The method of the present invention is performed, for example, in the following sequence of steps. That is, a. A resin regeneration waste solution containing hexavalent chromium, chloride ions, nitrate ions, sulfate ions, etc. is adjusted to
[0021]
Incidentally, practice of the method of the present invention, the chromium-containing waste water to be treated by the anion exchange resin is pretreated with ultraviolet irradiation in combination ozone oxidation method, prior to deionization of the chromium-containing waste water by anion exchange resin method In addition, trivalent chromium which becomes an obstacle due to resin adsorption is converted to hexavalent chromium .
[0022]
The preprocessing is performed as follows. Trivalent chromium is converted to hexavalent chromium within a short period of time because hydroxyl radicals (OH.) With strong oxidizing power are generated when ozone is applied to the chromium-containing wastewater while irradiating it with ultraviolet rays of 253.7 nm generated from a low-pressure mercury lamp. Changes to. Comparing the oxidation-reduction potential indicating the strength of oxidation power, hydroxyl radical (OH.) 2.85 mV, ozone (O 3 ) 2.07 mV, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) 1.78 mV, manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) 1.51 mV, and chlorine (Cl 2 ) 1.36 mV. Therefore, when the ozone oxidation method is applied, trivalent chromium is easily changed to hexavalent chromium without using chemicals. At this time, if a small amount of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is added, the oxidation reaction is further accelerated. Hydrogen peroxide has the advantage that it does not impose a load on the ion exchange resin even if it is added in a slight excess because the decomposition products are water and oxygen. In this way, if trivalent chromium contained in the chromium- containing wastewater is slightly converted to hexavalent chromium, deionization with an ion exchange resin and regeneration of the resin can be performed efficiently, and the chromium wastewater can be recycled. It becomes easy.
[0023]
【Example】
Hereinafter, examples of the present invention based on the above-described embodiment will be described. First, in this embodiment, chromium-containing wastewater is pretreated by an ozone oxidation combined use ultraviolet irradiation method, and will be described below.
[0024]
When ozone is applied to the wastewater containing chromium (pH 7.8, electrical conductivity 135 mS / m) generated in the metal surface treatment process while irradiating it with ultraviolet rays of 253.7 nm, the trivalent chromium changes to hexavalent chromium in about 1 hour. It was. Furthermore, when 50 mg / L of hydrogen peroxide was added to the same waste water and UV ozone oxidation was performed, the trivalent chromium changed to hexavalent chromium in about 30 minutes. Table 1 shows the raw water before oxidation and the drainage composition after hydrogen peroxide-added UV ozone oxidation (30 minutes).
[0025]
[Table 1]
[0026]
Oxidized water (pH 7.2, electric conductivity 150 mS / m) obtained after the pretreatment as described above is converted into the cation exchange resin tower 1 and the anion
[0027]
The saturated cation exchange resin (H type) was regenerated with an approximately 7% hydrochloric acid solution. Other anion exchange resin (OH-type) was collected high alkaline solution portion density reproduced at about 10% sodium hydroxide solution. The pH of this chromium-containing wastewater was 13.8 and had a strong alkalinity, and had the composition shown in Table 2 below.
[0028]
[Table 2]
[0029]
This chromium-containing wastewater containing hexavalent chromium and chloride ions was adjusted to a slightly
[0030]
Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (d), second washing with 10% sodium hydroxide solution was performed to elute hexavalent chromium. As a result, second chromium-containing waste water shown in Table 3 was obtained.
[0031]
[Table 3]
[0032]
This chromium-containing wastewater is converted to chromic anhydride (CrO 3 ) (CrO 3 /Cr=1.92), which is about 88,000 mg / L (8.8%), confirming that it can be recycled as a chromic acid raw material. did. That is, after the chloride ion is separated by the first washing, the chromium-containing waste water containing a large amount of hexavalent chromium can be recovered by the second washing.
[0033]
Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. After adjusting the chromium containing waste water of Table 2 to
[0034]
Next, this anion exchange resin was washed with a concentrated 10% sodium hydroxide solution as a second alkaline solution, and chromium was eluted with this second washing solution , whereby the chromium-containing waste water shown in Table 4 was obtained. It was.
[0035]
[Table 4]
[0036]
This chromium-containing wastewater was 83,000 mg / L (8.3%) in terms of chromic anhydride (CrO 3 ), and it was confirmed that this could also be recycled as a chromic acid raw material.
[0037]
From the above examples, the selective adsorption of ions to the anion exchange resin is as follows : hexavalent chromium (HCrO 4 − )> sulfate ion (SO 4 2− )> nitrate ion (NO 3 − )> chloride ion (Cl − ). It is thought that the order. Therefore, it is considered that when a dilute alkaline solution is passed through the anion exchange resin layer on which these anions are adsorbed, chloride ions having a weak adsorptive force are first pushed out and eluted.
[0038]
FIG. 2 shows a recycling system for treating chrome-containing wastewater by applying the present invention to obtain washing water and chromium for metal processing. In the figure, 3 is a chromium refining factory, 4 is a metal surface treatment factory using purified chromic acid, and 5 is an ion exchange resin recycling factory.
[0039]
In the metal surface treatment plant 4, the processed material subjected to chrome plating or chromate treatment in the
[0040]
The waste water in the
[0041]
The ion exchange resin that has reached saturation by repeating the above wastewater treatment is sent to the ion exchange
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, chloride ions are eluted from the anion exchange resin treated with chromium-containing waste water by utilizing the difference in adsorption strength, and then hexavalent chromium is eluted to contain chloride ions. A concentrated hexavalent chromium solution can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to recycle the chromium that has conventionally been reduced and neutralized and discarded as a chromic acid raw material. As a result, both recycling of chromium-containing wastewater and recycling of chromium can be achieved, and a recycling system that is more suitable for the environment can be established from the viewpoint of environmental conservation and resource saving.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a chromium-containing wastewater recycling system to which the present invention is applied.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,4j cation
Claims (2)
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