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JP4156747B2 - Machine structural steel parts with excellent fatigue characteristics and vibration control - Google Patents
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JP4156747B2 - Machine structural steel parts with excellent fatigue characteristics and vibration control - Google Patents

Machine structural steel parts with excellent fatigue characteristics and vibration control Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4156747B2
JP4156747B2 JP12633199A JP12633199A JP4156747B2 JP 4156747 B2 JP4156747 B2 JP 4156747B2 JP 12633199 A JP12633199 A JP 12633199A JP 12633199 A JP12633199 A JP 12633199A JP 4156747 B2 JP4156747 B2 JP 4156747B2
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graphite
steel
area ratio
particle size
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JP2000319760A (en
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真一 安木
安部  聡
利一 一ノ瀬
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Kobe Steel Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、産業機械および自動車、電化製品等の部品素材として用いられる特に疲労特性と制振性の改善された機械構造用鋼に関し、この機械構造用鋼は、例えばシャフト、歯車、軸受の如き高レベルの疲労特性と制振性が求められる機械構造用鋼製部品として極めて有効に活用できる。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
精密機械・装置などに使用されるシャフトや軸受、自動車などの変速機や差動装置に使用される歯車などの機械構造用部品においては、これら機械構造用部品の回転中に発生する異音や振動を抑制することが求められている。そこで、設計面から寸法精度を高めたり、装置全体をカバーすることにより異音を抑える方法などの対策が採られている。また歯車をファインピッチ化することによって異音を抑制する方法も試みられている。
【0003】
ところが構造上の対策には自ずと限度があるので、部品素材面からの制振性付与対策も種々講じられており、例えば下記の様な制振材料が提案されている。
【0004】
▲1▼複合型制振材料:母相と第2相、または金属と粘弾性物質の界面での粘性流動を利用して制振を与えた制振材料(例えば、片状黒鉛鋳鉄など)、
▲2▼強磁性型制振材料:磁壁の移動に伴う磁気的・機械的ヒステリシスを利用して制振性を与えた制振材料(例えば、12%Cr鋼など)、
▲3▼転位型制振材料:転位が固着点から離脱するために生じるヒステリシスを利用して制振性を与えた制振材料(例えば、Mg合金など)。
【0005】
これらの制振材料を用いることにより、騒音の低減はある程度達成できるが、それぞれ次の様な問題が指摘されている。
【0006】
▲1▼複合型制振材料:制振性の向上は認められるものの必ずしも十分とは言えず、より一層の向上が求められる。また、鋼素材中に黒鉛を多量残存させることにより制振性が向上することは確認されているが、反面、疲労強度が低下するという問題を生じる、
▲2▼強磁性型制振材料:この素材は優れた制振性を示すが、加工歪を受けると磁壁の移動が小さくなって制振性が低下するため、加工部品としては必ずしも満足のいく制振性が得られない、
▲3▼転位型制振材料:加工歪を受けると制振性が大幅に低下するため、やはり加工部品としての制振性は不十分である。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記の様な事情に着目してなされたものであって、その目的は、強度特性や耐摩耗性などに悪影響を及ぼすことなく、また加工後においても優れた制振性を示す機械構造用鋼と機械構造用鋼部品を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決することのできた本発明の機械構造用鋼は、鋼組織中に占める黒鉛の面積率が2〜15%で、且つ黒鉛の最大粒径が30μm以下であり、疲労特性と制振性が共に改善された機械構造用鋼である。
【0009】
本発明に係る上記機械構造用鋼の好ましい成分組成は、質量%で、
C :0.1〜2.0%、
Si:3.0%以下、
Mn:3.0%以下、
P :0.03%以下、
S :0.1%以下、
B :0.0003〜0.015%、
Al:0.5%以下、
N:0.001〜0.03%、
残部:Feおよび不可避的不純物
を満たし、あるいは、これらに加えてCu:2.0%以下、Ni:3.0%以下、Cr:2.5%以下、Mo:1.0%以下、V:1.0%以下、Ca:0.01%以下、Zr:0.2%以下、Ti:0.1%以下、Nb:0.1%以下、Co:0.5%以下、W:0.1%以下よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含み、あるいは更に、Pb:0.4%以下、Bi:0.3%以下、Te:0.3%以下、Se:0.3%以下、Rem:0.2%以下よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含む鋼材である。
【0010】
また本発明に係る機械構造用鋼部品とは、焼入れ焼戻し処理後の状態、あるいは表面硬化処理後の状態で、鋼組織中に占める黒鉛の面積率が同様に2〜15%であり、且つ黒鉛の最大粒径も同様に30μm以下で、部品状態で優れた疲労特性と制振性を兼ね備えたものであるところに要旨がある。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明者らは前述した様な従来技術の下で、安定した制振性を示す複合型制振材料である黒鉛鋼に注目し、一層の制振性向上とそれに伴う疲労特性の劣化防止を期して改良研究を進めてきた。
【0012】
先に述べた様に、鋼組織中に黒鉛を残存させることによって制振性が向上することは既に公知となっており、疲労強度を必要としない鋳鉄分野では多く利用されている。また機械構造用鋼であっても、疲労強度がそれほど必要とされない部品には黒鉛鋼が適用されているが、疲労強度が重視される機械構造部品には殆ど適用されていない(特開平3-75331号公報など)。
【0013】
本発明者らは上記の様な状況の下で、黒鉛鋼組織中における黒鉛の存在形態を改善すれば、疲労強度を低下させることなく制振性を高めることができるのではないかと考え、その線に沿って研究を重ねた。その結果、鋼組織中に存在する黒鉛の最大粒径と面積率を適正に制御してやれば、制振性と疲労特性を兼ね備えた機械構造用鋼が得られることを知り、上記本発明に想到したものである。
【0014】
以下、本発明において黒鉛の面積率と最大粒径を規定し、あるいは更に好ましい鋼材組成を定めた理由を、後述する実施例データの解析を含めて詳細に説明していく。
【0015】
図1〜11は、後記実施例のデータを基にして、鋼組織中における黒鉛の面積率および黒鉛の最大粒径が内部摩擦(制振性)と疲労強度に与える影響を整理して示したグラフである。ここで黒鉛の面積率は、鋼材の表面下0.1mmの位置を光学顕微鏡で写真撮影(×400、3視野)した後、画像解析によって求め、また黒鉛の最大粒径は、画像解析により求めた長径と短径の和の1/2として算出した。また疲労強度および内部摩擦の測定法は、後記実施例の項に示す通りであり、内部摩擦とは制振性を表すパラメータで、内部摩擦が大きいほど制振性は良好と判断できる。
【0016】
まず図1〜3は、様々の成分組成の鋼材について、鍛造(または圧延)後に黒鉛化処理したものの黒鉛の面積率と最大粒径が内部摩擦(制振性)と疲労特性に与える影響を示したグラフであり、図1からも明らかな様に、黒鉛の面積率が増大するにつれて内部摩擦は増大し制振性が向上する。その傾向は黒鉛の面積率が2%以上で顕著に現われ、2%未満では満足のいく制振性を与えることができない。そして該面積率が2%以上、より好ましくは5%以上であるものは、安定して高い内部摩擦を示し優れた制振性を発揮することが分かる。
【0017】
また図2は、黒鉛の面積率と疲労強度の関係を示したグラフであり、この図からも明らかな様に、黒鉛の面積率が15%以下であれば疲労強度の低下は殆ど認められないが、該面積率が15%を超えると疲労強度が急激に低下してくる。従って、疲労強度の低下を招くことなく内部摩擦を十分に増大して制振性を高めるには、黒鉛の面積率を2〜15%の範囲に制御すべきであることが分かる。
【0018】
次に図3は、黒鉛の最大粒径と疲労強度の関係を示したグラフであり、最大粒径が30μmを超えると疲労強度は大幅に低下してくる。従って、優れた疲労強度を確保するには、前述した黒鉛の面積率に加えて最大粒径を30μm以下に抑えることが必須となる。
【0019】
また図4〜6は、後記実施例の表3に示す化学成分の鋼材を使用し、鍛造(または圧延)→黒鉛化処理→機械加工→焼入れ焼戻し処理を行なったもの、更に図7〜9は、後記実施例の表5に示す化学成分の鋼材を使用し、鍛造(または圧延)→黒鉛化処理→機械加工→表面硬化(浸炭)処理を行なったものについて、上記と同様に黒鉛の面積率と最大粒径が内部摩擦(制振性)および疲労強度に与える影響を示したグラフである。これらの図からも明らかな様に、焼入れ焼戻し後の鋼あるいは表面硬化処理後の鋼についても、前記図1〜3の場合と同様に、黒鉛の面積率を2〜15%の範囲とし且つ最大粒径を30μm以下に抑えることによって、高レベルの疲労強度を維持しつつ優れた制振性を確保できることが分かる。
【0020】
ところで特開平9−125203号公報には、転がり軸受に黒鉛鋼を適用し、浸炭窒化処理を施して浸炭窒化層の黒鉛を消失させ、非浸炭層のみに黒鉛を残存させた制振性の優れた転がり軸受が開示されている。
【0021】
しかし本発明者らが実験によって確認したところによると、黒鉛を無作為に残存させるだけでは制振性の確実な向上を果たすことはできず、上記の様に黒鉛の面積率で2%以上を確保することが制振性の向上に必須の要件となる。しかも高レベルの疲労特性を維持するには、黒鉛の面積率を15%以下に抑えると共に、黒鉛の最大粒径を30μm以下に抑えることが必須となるのである。
【0022】
また本発明では、焼入れ焼戻し処理または表面硬化処理後の状態で、鋼組織中に所定の面積率と最大粒径を満たす黒鉛を存在させることが必要であり、これら焼入れ焼戻し処理あるいは表面硬化処理時に黒鉛がマトリックス中に溶解して消失すると、本発明で意図する優れた制振性を得ることができなくなる。
【0023】
そこで、本発明で定める上記黒鉛の面積率や最大粒径を確保するには、鋼材の成分組成も重要であり、焼入れ焼戻し処理や表面硬化処理前の鋼材中に存在する黒鉛をより安定化しておくことが必要となる。
【0024】
こうした観点から、本発明では鋼材の好ましい成分組成を下記の様に規定するが、特に適量のBを含有させることによって黒鉛の安定化を図り、表面硬化などの処理時に黒鉛がマトリックス中に溶解し難くすることが極めて有効となる。この時、B添加に加えてCaやZrの1種以上を適量含有させると、鋼組織中の黒鉛は更に安定化するので、制振性の向上に極めて有効である。
【0025】
以下、本発明で使用する鋼材の好ましい成分組成の限定理由について説明する。
【0026】
C:0.1〜2.0%
制振性向上のための黒鉛を生成させるために必須の元素であり、0.1%未満では黒鉛の生成量が不十分となって満足のいく制振性が得られ難くなる。従って0.1%以上、より好ましくは0.2%以上含有させるべきであるが、C量が多くなり過ぎると、鋼組織中に残存するセメンタイト量が多くなって鋼が硬質化し、被削性などの加工性に悪影響を及ぼす様になるので、2.0%以下、より好ましくは1.5%以下に抑えるべきである。
【0027】
Si:3.0%以下
黒鉛化促進のために有効に作用する元素であり、その効果は、Siを好ましくは0.1%以上含有させることによって有効に発揮される。しかしながらSi含有量が多くなり過ぎると、鋼が硬質化して被削性や加工性に悪影響を及ぼす様になるので、3.0%以下、より好ましくは2.0%以下に抑えることが望ましい。
【0028】
Mn:3.0%以下
鋼材中に混入してくるSをMnSとして捕捉することにより、熱間加工性に悪影響を及ぼすFeSの析出を抑える作用を有しており、不可避的に混入してくるS量にもよるが、通常は0.2%以上含有させることによってその効果は有効に発揮される。しかしMn量が多くなり過ぎると、黒鉛化が阻害されて制振性の向上に悪影響を及ぼす様になるので、3.0%以下、より好ましくは2.0%以下に抑えるのがよい。
【0029】
P:0.03%以下
Pは結晶粒界に偏析して靭性を低下させるので、0.03%以下、より好ましくは0.02%以下に抑えるべきである。
【0030】
S:0.1%以下
SはMnSを生成して被削性の向上に有効に作用する反面、シャフトや歯車などに適用する場合、縦目の衝撃特性だけでなく横目の衝撃特性にも悪影響を及ぼす。そして、特に横目の衝撃特性を高めるには異方性を低減することが必要であり、そのためにはS含有量を0.1%以下、より好ましくは0.03%以下に抑えることが望ましい。
【0031】
B:0.0003〜0.015%
Bは黒鉛を安定化するために極めて有効な元素であり、その効果を有効に発揮させるには0.0003%以上含有させることが望ましい。しかし、その効果は0.015%でほぼ飽和するので、それ以上の添加は経済的に無駄である。
【0032】
Al:0.5%以下
Alも黒鉛化を促進する作用を有しているが、所定量のBを含む成分系では必ずしも必須ではない。しかし、Alを少量含有させると黒鉛化が更に増進されるので、好ましくは0.005%程度以上含有させることが望ましい。但し、Al含有量が多くなり過ぎると、酸化物系介在物量の増大によって鋳片割れや加工割れを起こし易くなるので、0.5%以下、より好ましくは0.4%以下に抑えることが望まれる。
【0033】
N:0.001〜0.03%
Nは、前記Bと結合してBNを生成し黒鉛の安定化に有効に作用する。その作用を有効に発揮させるには0.001%以上含有させるべきであるが、その作用は0.03%で飽和するばかりでなく、N量が多くなり過ぎると冷間加工性等に悪影響を及ぼす様になるので、0.03%以下に抑えるべきである。
【0034】
Cu:2.0%以下
Cuは鋼材の耐食性向上に有効に作用するが、その効果は2.0%で飽和するばかりでなく、多過ぎると熱間加工性に悪影響を及ぼす様になるので、2.0%以下に抑えることが望ましい。ただしCuの単独添加では、少量の添加でも熱間加工性を劣化させるので、Cuを添加する場合は、熱間加工性に対して改善効果を有するNiをCu含有量に対して70%以上含有させることが望ましい。
【0035】
Ni:3.0%以下
Niは浸炭処理後の鋼材組織を微細化して靭性を高める作用を有しており、安定した心部硬さを確保するために極めて有用な元素である。しかも黒鉛化を阻害することもないので、制振性鋼材の含有元素としては有用な元素であり、通常は0.2%程度以上含有させることが望ましい。しかしこうしたNiの効果は約3.0%で飽和するので、それ以上の添加は無駄であり、好ましくは2.0%以下に抑えられる。
【0036】
Cr:2.5%以下
Crは焼入れ性の向上に有用な元素であり、その効果は0.2%程度以上含有させることによって有効に発揮される。しかしCr量が多くなり過ぎると、Crが粒界に偏析して炭化物を生成し、粒界強度を低下させて靭性劣化を引き起こすので、Cr量は2.5%以下、より好ましくは2.0%以下に抑えるべきである。
【0037】
Mo:1.0%以下
Moは粒界強度の向上に有効に作用する他、不完全焼入れ組織を低減すると共に焼入れ性の確保に有用な元素であり、その効果は一般的に0.05%程度以上含有させることによって有効に発揮される。しかしそれらの効果は1.0%で飽和するので、それ以上の添加は経済的に無駄である。
【0038】
V:1.0%以下
Vは、前述したCやNと結合して炭化物、窒化物あるいは炭・窒化物を生成し、結晶粒を微細化して靭性の向上に有効に作用する。その作用は0.05%程度以上含有させることによって有効に発揮されるが、過剰量の添加は被削性に悪影響を及ぼすので、1.0%以下、より好ましくは0.8%以下に抑えるべきである。
【0039】
Ca:0.01%以下
前記Bと同様に黒鉛を安定化するうえで有効な元素であるが、その効果は0.01%で飽和し、却って衝撃特性などの強度特性に悪影響を及ぼす恐れが生じてくるので、0.01%以下に抑えることが望ましい。
【0040】
Zr:0.2%以下
Zrも黒鉛の安定化に有効に作用するが、その効果は0.2%で飽和し、却って衝撃特性などの強度特性を阻害する傾向が生じてくるので、0.2%以下に抑えるべきである。
【0041】
Ti:0.1%以下、Nb:0.1%以下、Co:0.5%以下、
W:0.1%以下よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種
これらの元素は部品成形後に表面硬化処理を行う際に、焼入れ性を高める作用を有しているが、いずれも黒鉛化を抑制するマイナス作用を有しているので、黒鉛化を阻害しない範囲でそれぞれの上限を定めている。
【0042】
Pb:0.4%以下、Bi:0.3%以下、Te:0.3%以下、Se:
0.3%以下、Rem:0.2%以下よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種これらの元素は、部品加工時の被削性改善に有効に作用する。しかしいずれも黒鉛化を抑制する作用を有しているので、黒鉛化を阻害しない範囲で各元素含有率の上限を決定した。
【0043】
なお、上記成分組成を満たす鋼材を使用すれば、本発明で規定する前記黒鉛の面積率および最大粒径の要件を満たす鋼材を得ることができ、且つこの鋼材は、部品状に加工してから焼入れ焼戻し処理や表面硬化処理を施した後も、黒鉛の好適面積率と最大粒径を維持し、高レベルの疲労特性を維持しつつ優れた制振性を示すものとなるが、上記黒鉛の好ましい面積率と最大粒径をより確実に得る上で好ましい熱処理条件や、その後の好ましい焼入れ焼戻し処理あるいは表面硬化処理条件を示すと次の通りである。
【0044】
熱処理条件:650〜800℃×3.5時間以上加熱してから空冷
焼入れ焼戻し条件:
焼入れ:750〜950℃×30分以上加熱してから油冷または水冷
焼戻し:100〜250℃×60分以上加熱してから空冷
表面硬化処理条件:750〜980℃×50分以上加熱してから油冷。
【0045】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明は下記実施例によって制限を受けるものではなく、前・後記の趣旨に適合し得る範囲で適当に変更を加えて実施することも可能であり、それらはいずれも本発明の技術的範囲に包含される。
【0046】
実施例1
表1に示すNo.1a〜24aの化学組成を有する鋼材を溶製した後、直径30mmの棒状に鍛造(または圧延)し、黒鉛化処理(T℃×t時間→空冷)した後、機械加工により図10に示す回転曲げ疲労試験片と、幅5mm×厚さ0.7mm×長さ105mmの内部摩擦試験片を作製し、回転曲げ疲労試験および内部摩擦試験を行った。内部摩擦試験は、ねじり振り子型内部摩擦測定装置を用いて歪振幅1×10-3、周波数1.3Hzで行った。
【0047】
黒鉛の面積率は、各供試材における表面下0.1mmの位置を光学顕微鏡写真撮影(×400、3視野)し、これを画像解析して黒鉛の面積率および最大粒径を求めた。結果を表2および図1〜3に示す。
【0048】
【表1】

Figure 0004156747
【0049】
【表2】
Figure 0004156747
【0050】
表1,2および図1〜3から明らかな様に、鋼No.1a〜16aは、本発明で定める黒鉛の面積率および最大粒径の要件を満たしており、化学成分も適正であるので、高レベルの疲労強度を維持しつつ優れた内部摩擦(制振性)を示している。
【0051】
これらに対し鋼No.17a〜20aは、黒鉛の面積率が不足するため内部摩擦が小さく、満足な制振性が得られない。また鋼No.21a〜22aは、鋼中のC量が好適範囲を超えているため、黒鉛の最大粒径が過大となり疲労強度が低下している。鋼No.23a〜24aは、黒鉛の面積率が規定範囲に満たないため内部摩擦が低く、満足のいく制振性が得られない。
【0052】
実施例2
表3に示した鋼No.1b〜26bの化学組成を有する鋼材を溶製した後、直径30mmの棒状に鍛造(または圧延)し、黒鉛化処理(700℃×20Hr→空冷)してから、機械加工により図2に示す回転曲げ疲労試験片と、幅5mm×厚さ0.7mm×長さ105mmの内部摩擦試験片を作製した。機械加工後、焼入れ(T℃×t分→60℃油冷)・焼戻し処理(450℃×2Hr→空冷)を施してから、回転曲げ疲労試験および内部摩擦試験を行った。
【0053】
内部摩擦試験は、ねじり振り子型内部摩擦測定装置を用い、歪振幅1×10-3、周波数1.3Hzで行なった。また黒鉛の面積率は、各供試鋼の表面下0.1mmの位置を光学顕微鏡で写真撮影(×400、3視野)した後、画像解析により黒鉛の面積率と最大粒径を求めた。結果を表4および図4〜6に示す。
【0054】
【表3】
Figure 0004156747
【0055】
【表4】
Figure 0004156747
【0056】
表3,4および図4〜6から明らかな様に、鋼No.1b〜16bは本発明で定める黒鉛の面積率と最大粒径、および好ましい化学成分を満たしているため、高レベルの疲労強度を維持しつつ高い内部摩擦が得られており、優れた制振性を有していることが分かる。
【0057】
これらに対し鋼No.17b〜20bは、黒鉛の面積率が規定範囲に達しておらず、内部摩擦が小さくて制振性が不足する。鋼No.21b〜22bは、黒鉛の最大粒径が規定範囲を超えているため疲労強度が劣り、また鋼No.23b〜24bは、鋼材中のC量が多くて黒鉛の最大粒径が規定範囲を超えているため、疲労強度が低くなっている。鋼No.25b〜26bは、鋼中のB量が不足するため黒鉛の安定性が低下し、黒鉛の面積率が規定範囲外となって内部摩擦(制振性)が低下している。
【0058】
実施例3
表5に示すNo.1c〜26cの化学組成を有する鋼材を溶製してから直径30mmの棒状に鍛造(または圧延)し、黒鉛化処理(700℃×20Hr→空冷)した後、機械加工により図11に示す回転曲げ疲労試験片と、幅4mm×厚さ0.7mm×長さ105mmの内部摩擦試験片を作製した。
【0059】
各試験片を機械加工してから、浸炭処理(T℃×t分→60℃油冷)を施し、回転曲げ疲労試験および内部摩擦試験を行った。内部摩擦試験は、ねじり振り子型内部摩擦測定装置を用い、歪振幅1×10-3、周波数1.3Hzで行った。また、浸炭層における黒鉛の面積率と最大粒径は、各供試材の表面下0.1mmの位置を光学顕微鏡で写真撮影(×400、3視野)した後、画像解析によって求めた。結果を表6および図7〜9に示す。
【0060】
【表5】
Figure 0004156747
【0061】
【表6】
Figure 0004156747
【0062】
表5,6および図7〜9からも明らかな様に、鋼No.1c〜16cは本発明で定める黒鉛の面積率および最大粒径と好ましい化学成分を満たしているため、優れた疲労強度を有すると共に、内部摩擦も高くて優れた制振性を有していることが分かる。
【0063】
これらに対し鋼No.17c〜20cは、黒鉛の面積率が好適範囲に達しておらず、内部摩擦が低くて制振性が不十分であり、鋼No.21c〜22cは、黒鉛の最大粒径が規定値を超えているため疲労強度が低下している。鋼No.23c〜24cは、鋼材のC量が好適範囲を超えているため黒鉛の最大粒径が規定値を超えており、疲労強度が低くなっている。また鋼No.25c〜26cは、鋼材中のB量が不足するため黒鉛の安定性が低下し、黒鉛の面積率が規定範囲に満たなくなって内部摩擦が低く、制振性向上の目的が果たせない。
【0064】
【発明の効果】
本発明は以上の様に構成されており、好ましくは鋼材の成分組成を規定することによって、鋼組織中の黒鉛の面積率と最大粒径を特定範囲に制御することにより、機械構造用鋼素材として、あるいは更にこれを焼入れ焼戻し処理あるいは表面硬化処理した後の機械部品としても、高レベルの強度特性を維持しつつ優れた制振性を確保し得ることになった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施例で得た鋼材組織中における黒鉛の面積率と内部摩擦(制振性)の関係を示すグラフである。
【図2】実施例で得た鋼材組織中における黒鉛の面積率と疲労強度の関係を示すグラフである。
【図3】実施例で得た鋼材組織中における黒鉛の最大粒径と疲労強度の関係を示すグラフである。
【図4】他の実施例で得た鋼材組織中における黒鉛の面積率と内部摩擦(制振性)の関係を示すグラフである。
【図5】他の実施例で得た鋼材組織中における黒鉛の面積率と疲労強度の関係を示すグラフである。
【図6】他の実施例で得た鋼材組織中における黒鉛の最大粒径と疲労強度の関係を示すグラフである。
【図7】更に他の実施例で得た鋼材組織中における黒鉛の面積率と内部摩擦(制振性)の関係を示すグラフである。
【図8】更に他の実施例で得た鋼材組織中における黒鉛の面積率と疲労強度の関係を示すグラフである。
【図9】更に他の実施例で得た鋼材組織中における黒鉛の最大粒径と疲労強度の関係を示すグラフである。
【図10】実験例で用いた疲労試験片の寸法・形状を示す図である。
【図11】実験例で用いた他の疲労試験片の寸法・形状を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a machine structural steel having improved fatigue characteristics and vibration damping properties, which is used as a material for parts of industrial machines, automobiles, electrical appliances, etc. The machine structural steel includes, for example, shafts, gears, and bearings. It can be used very effectively as a steel part for mechanical structures that require high levels of fatigue characteristics and vibration control.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In mechanical structural parts such as shafts and bearings used in precision machinery and equipment, gears used in transmissions and differentials of automobiles, etc., abnormal noise generated during rotation of these mechanical structural parts There is a demand for suppressing vibration. Therefore, measures such as a method of suppressing abnormal noise by increasing the dimensional accuracy from the design aspect or covering the entire apparatus are taken. In addition, a method of suppressing abnormal noise by making the gear pitch fine has been tried.
[0003]
However, since structural measures are naturally limited, various measures for imparting damping properties from the part material side have been taken. For example, the following damping materials have been proposed.
[0004]
(1) Composite type damping material: Damping material (for example, flake graphite cast iron) that has been given damping by using viscous flow at the interface between the matrix phase and the second phase, or metal and viscoelastic material,
(2) Ferromagnetic damping material: Damping material (for example, 12% Cr steel, etc.) that has been given damping properties using magnetic and mechanical hysteresis associated with the movement of the domain wall.
{Circle around (3)} Dislocation type damping material: A damping material (for example, Mg alloy) imparted with damping properties by using hysteresis generated when dislocations depart from the fixing point.
[0005]
Noise reduction can be achieved to some extent by using these vibration damping materials, but the following problems have been pointed out.
[0006]
(1) Composite type damping material: Although improvement in damping performance is recognized, it cannot be said that it is sufficient, and further improvement is required. In addition, it has been confirmed that the damping performance is improved by leaving a large amount of graphite in the steel material, but on the other hand, the problem that fatigue strength is reduced,
(2) Ferromagnetic damping material: This material exhibits excellent damping properties, but when subjected to machining strain, the domain wall movement is reduced and damping properties are lowered, so that it is not always satisfactory as a machined part. Vibration control is not obtained,
{Circle around (3)} Dislocation type damping material: Damping performance as a machined part is still insufficient because the damping performance is significantly lowered when subjected to machining strain.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made paying attention to the above-mentioned circumstances, and the purpose thereof is a machine that does not adversely affect the strength characteristics, wear resistance, etc., and exhibits excellent vibration damping even after processing. It is to provide structural steel and mechanical structural steel parts.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The steel for machine structural use of the present invention that has solved the above problems has an area ratio of graphite in the steel structure of 2 to 15% and a maximum particle size of graphite of 30 μm or less. It is a steel for machine structures with improved properties.
[0009]
The preferred component composition of the steel for machine structure according to the present invention is mass%,
C: 0.1 to 2.0%,
Si: 3.0% or less,
Mn: 3.0% or less,
P: 0.03% or less,
S: 0.1% or less,
B: 0.0003 to 0.015%,
Al: 0.5% or less,
N: 0.001 to 0.03%,
Balance: Fe and inevitable impurities are satisfied, or in addition to these, Cu: 2.0% or less, Ni: 3.0% or less, Cr: 2.5% or less, Mo: 1.0% or less, V: 1.0% or less, Ca: 0.01% or less, Zr: 0.2% or less, Ti: 0.1% or less, Nb: 0.1% or less, Co: 0.5% or less, W: 0.0. Contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of 1% or less, or Pb: 0.4% or less, Bi: 0.3% or less, Te: 0.3% or less, Se: 0.3 % Or less, Rem: a steel material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.2% or less.
[0010]
Further, the steel part for machine structure according to the present invention means that the area ratio of graphite in the steel structure in the state after quenching and tempering treatment or in the state after surface hardening treatment is similarly 2 to 15%, and graphite. Similarly, the maximum particle size is 30 μm or less, and there is a gist in that it has excellent fatigue characteristics and vibration damping properties in the part state.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Under the conventional technology as described above, the present inventors pay attention to graphite steel, which is a composite type damping material exhibiting stable damping performance, and further improve damping performance and prevent deterioration of fatigue characteristics associated therewith. As a result, we have been conducting improved research.
[0012]
As described above, it is already known that the damping performance is improved by allowing graphite to remain in the steel structure, and it is widely used in the cast iron field that does not require fatigue strength. In addition, even for steel for machine structures, graphite steel is applied to parts where fatigue strength is not so much required, but it is hardly applied to machine structure parts where fatigue strength is important (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 3- No. 75331).
[0013]
Under the circumstances as described above, the present inventors thought that if the presence form of graphite in the graphite steel structure was improved, the vibration damping property could be enhanced without reducing the fatigue strength. The research was repeated along the line. As a result, it was found that if the maximum particle size and area ratio of graphite existing in the steel structure are appropriately controlled, a steel for mechanical structures having vibration damping properties and fatigue characteristics can be obtained, and the present invention has been conceived. Is.
[0014]
Hereinafter, the reason why the area ratio and the maximum particle size of graphite are defined in the present invention or the more preferable steel composition is determined will be described in detail including the analysis of the example data described later.
[0015]
FIGS. 1 to 11 show the effects of the area ratio of graphite in the steel structure and the maximum particle size of graphite on internal friction (vibration control) and fatigue strength based on the data of Examples described later. It is a graph. Here, the area ratio of graphite is determined by image analysis after taking a photograph (× 400, three fields of view) at a position 0.1 mm below the surface of the steel material, and the maximum particle size of graphite is determined by image analysis. It was calculated as 1/2 of the sum of the major axis and minor axis. The methods for measuring fatigue strength and internal friction are as shown in the Examples section below. Internal friction is a parameter indicating vibration damping properties, and it can be determined that the higher the internal friction, the better the vibration damping properties.
[0016]
First, Figs. 1-3 show the effects of graphite area ratio and maximum grain size on internal friction (vibration suppression) and fatigue properties of steel materials with various component compositions that have been graphitized after forging (or rolling). As is clear from FIG. 1, as the area ratio of graphite increases, internal friction increases and vibration damping improves. This tendency appears remarkably when the area ratio of graphite is 2% or more, and if it is less than 2%, satisfactory vibration damping cannot be provided. It can be seen that those having an area ratio of 2% or more, more preferably 5% or more, stably exhibit high internal friction and exhibit excellent vibration damping properties.
[0017]
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the area ratio of graphite and fatigue strength. As is clear from this figure, when the area ratio of graphite is 15% or less, there is almost no decrease in fatigue strength. However, when the area ratio exceeds 15%, the fatigue strength rapidly decreases. Therefore, it is understood that the area ratio of graphite should be controlled in the range of 2 to 15% in order to sufficiently increase the internal friction without increasing the fatigue strength and improve the vibration damping performance.
[0018]
Next, FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the maximum particle size of graphite and the fatigue strength. When the maximum particle size exceeds 30 μm, the fatigue strength is significantly reduced. Therefore, in order to ensure excellent fatigue strength, it is essential to suppress the maximum particle size to 30 μm or less in addition to the above-described graphite area ratio.
[0019]
FIGS. 4 to 6 show steels having chemical components shown in Table 3 of Examples below, and subjected to forging (or rolling) → graphitization treatment → machining → quenching and tempering treatment, and FIGS. The area ratio of graphite in the same manner as described above for steel materials having chemical components shown in Table 5 of Examples below and subjected to forging (or rolling) → graphitization treatment → machining → surface hardening (carburization) treatment 5 is a graph showing the effect of maximum particle size on internal friction (damping properties) and fatigue strength. As is clear from these figures, the steel after quenching and tempering or the steel after the surface hardening treatment has a graphite area ratio in the range of 2 to 15% and the maximum as in the case of FIGS. It can be seen that by suppressing the particle size to 30 μm or less, excellent vibration damping can be secured while maintaining a high level of fatigue strength.
[0020]
In JP-A-9-125203, graphite steel is applied to a rolling bearing, carbonitriding is performed to eliminate the carbonitriding layer, and the graphite remains only in the non-carburizing layer. A rolling bearing is disclosed.
[0021]
However, according to what the present inventors have confirmed through experiments, it is not possible to achieve a certain improvement in vibration damping properties by simply leaving graphite at random, and the area ratio of graphite is 2% or more as described above. Ensuring it is an essential requirement for improving vibration control. Moreover, in order to maintain a high level of fatigue characteristics, it is essential to suppress the area ratio of graphite to 15% or less and to suppress the maximum particle size of graphite to 30 μm or less.
[0022]
In the present invention, it is necessary that graphite satisfying a predetermined area ratio and the maximum particle size be present in the steel structure in the state after quenching and tempering treatment or surface hardening treatment, and during these quenching and tempering treatment or surface hardening treatment. When the graphite dissolves and disappears in the matrix, the excellent vibration damping properties intended in the present invention cannot be obtained.
[0023]
Therefore, in order to ensure the area ratio and maximum particle size of the graphite defined in the present invention, the component composition of the steel material is also important, and the graphite existing in the steel material before quenching and tempering treatment and surface hardening treatment is further stabilized. It is necessary to keep it.
[0024]
From this point of view, in the present invention, the preferred component composition of the steel material is defined as follows. In particular, by containing an appropriate amount of B, the graphite is stabilized, and the graphite dissolves in the matrix during the treatment such as surface hardening. Making it difficult is extremely effective. At this time, if an appropriate amount of at least one of Ca and Zr is added in addition to the addition of B, the graphite in the steel structure is further stabilized, which is extremely effective in improving the vibration damping properties.
[0025]
Hereinafter, the reason for limitation of the preferable component composition of the steel material used by this invention is demonstrated.
[0026]
C: 0.1 to 2.0%
It is an essential element for producing graphite for improving damping properties. If it is less than 0.1%, the amount of graphite produced is insufficient, and satisfactory damping properties are difficult to obtain. Accordingly, the content should be 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.2% or more. However, if the amount of C is excessively large, the amount of cementite remaining in the steel structure increases and the steel becomes hard and machinability. This should have a negative effect on processability, and should be suppressed to 2.0% or less, more preferably 1.5% or less.
[0027]
Si: 3.0% or less An element that acts effectively for promoting graphitization, and the effect is effectively exhibited by containing Si preferably at 0.1% or more. However, if the Si content becomes too high, the steel becomes hard and adversely affects the machinability and workability. Therefore, it is desirable to keep it to 3.0% or less, more preferably 2.0% or less.
[0028]
Mn: 3.0% or less By capturing S mixed in steel as MnS, it has the effect of suppressing the precipitation of FeS, which adversely affects hot workability, and is inevitably mixed Although depending on the amount of S, usually the effect is effectively exhibited by containing 0.2% or more. However, if the amount of Mn becomes too large, graphitization is inhibited and the improvement in vibration damping properties is adversely affected. Therefore, it is preferable to keep the amount to 3.0% or less, more preferably 2.0% or less.
[0029]
P: 0.03% or less P segregates at the grain boundaries and lowers the toughness. Therefore, it should be suppressed to 0.03% or less, more preferably 0.02% or less.
[0030]
S: 0.1% or less S produces MnS and effectively works to improve machinability, but when applied to shafts and gears, it adversely affects not only the impact characteristics of the vertical eye but also the impact characteristics of the horizontal eye. Effect. In particular, it is necessary to reduce the anisotropy in order to improve the impact characteristics of the transverse eye. For this purpose, it is desirable to suppress the S content to 0.1% or less, more preferably 0.03% or less.
[0031]
B: 0.0003 to 0.015%
B is an extremely effective element for stabilizing graphite, and is preferably contained in an amount of 0.0003% or more in order to exert its effect effectively. However, since the effect is almost saturated at 0.015%, further addition is economically wasteful.
[0032]
Al: 0.5% or less Al also has an action of promoting graphitization, but is not necessarily essential in a component system containing a predetermined amount of B. However, when a small amount of Al is contained, graphitization is further promoted, and therefore it is desirable to contain about 0.005% or more. However, if the Al content is excessively large, slab cracking or work cracking is liable to occur due to an increase in the amount of oxide inclusions, so it is desired to suppress the content to 0.5% or less, more preferably 0.4% or less. .
[0033]
N: 0.001 to 0.03%
N combines with B to form BN and effectively acts to stabilize graphite. In order to exert its effect effectively, the content should be 0.001% or more, but the effect is not only saturated at 0.03%, but if the amount of N becomes excessive, cold workability and the like are adversely affected. Therefore, it should be suppressed to 0.03% or less.
[0034]
Cu: 2.0% or less Cu effectively works to improve the corrosion resistance of steel, but the effect is not only saturated at 2.0%, but too much hot workability will be adversely affected. It is desirable to keep it below 2.0%. However, when Cu is added alone, hot workability deteriorates even if a small amount is added. Therefore, when Cu is added, Ni having an improvement effect on hot workability is contained by 70% or more with respect to the Cu content. It is desirable to make it.
[0035]
Ni: 3.0% or less Ni has the effect of increasing the toughness by refining the steel structure after carburizing treatment, and is an extremely useful element for ensuring stable core hardness. Moreover, since it does not inhibit graphitization, it is a useful element as an element contained in the vibration-damping steel material, and it is usually desirable to contain about 0.2% or more. However, since the effect of Ni saturates at about 3.0%, addition beyond that is useless and is preferably suppressed to 2.0% or less.
[0036]
Cr: 2.5% or less Cr is an element useful for improving hardenability, and the effect is effectively exhibited by containing about 0.2% or more. However, if the amount of Cr is excessively large, Cr segregates at the grain boundaries to generate carbides, lowers the grain boundary strength and causes toughness deterioration, so the Cr amount is 2.5% or less, more preferably 2.0. % Should be kept below.
[0037]
Mo: 1.0% or less Mo not only works effectively to improve the grain boundary strength, but also is an element useful for reducing the incomplete quenching structure and securing the hardenability, and its effect is generally 0.05%. It is exhibited effectively by containing more than about. However, since their effects are saturated at 1.0%, further addition is economically wasteful.
[0038]
V: 1.0% or less V combines with the above-described C and N to produce carbide, nitride, or carbon / nitride, and works effectively to improve toughness by refining crystal grains. The effect is effectively exerted by adding about 0.05% or more, but addition of an excessive amount adversely affects machinability, so it is suppressed to 1.0% or less, more preferably 0.8% or less. Should.
[0039]
Ca: 0.01% or less Like B, it is an element effective for stabilizing graphite, but its effect is saturated at 0.01% and may adversely affect strength properties such as impact properties. Since it occurs, it is desirable to suppress it to 0.01% or less.
[0040]
Zr: 0.2% or less Zr also works effectively to stabilize graphite, but the effect is saturated at 0.2%, and on the other hand, there is a tendency to inhibit strength characteristics such as impact characteristics. Should be kept below 2%.
[0041]
Ti: 0.1% or less, Nb: 0.1% or less, Co: 0.5% or less,
W: At least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.1% or less These elements have an effect of improving hardenability when performing surface hardening treatment after molding of the parts, but all suppress graphitization. Since it has a negative effect, each upper limit is set within a range not inhibiting the graphitization.
[0042]
Pb: 0.4% or less, Bi: 0.3% or less, Te: 0.3% or less, Se:
At least one of these elements selected from the group consisting of 0.3% or less and Rem: 0.2% or less effectively acts to improve machinability at the time of part machining. However, since all have the effect | action which suppresses graphitization, the upper limit of each element content rate was determined in the range which does not inhibit graphitization.
[0043]
If a steel material satisfying the above component composition is used, a steel material satisfying the requirements of the area ratio and maximum particle size of the graphite specified in the present invention can be obtained, and the steel material is processed into a part shape. Even after quenching and tempering treatment and surface hardening treatment, it maintains the suitable area ratio and maximum particle size of graphite and exhibits excellent vibration damping properties while maintaining a high level of fatigue properties. Preferred heat treatment conditions for obtaining a preferred area ratio and maximum particle size more reliably, and subsequent preferred quenching and tempering treatment or surface hardening treatment conditions are as follows.
[0044]
Heat treatment conditions: 650 to 800 ° C. x 3.5 hours or more, then air-cooled quenching and tempering conditions:
Quenching: Heating from 750 to 950 ° C. for 30 minutes or more, then oil-cooling or water-cooling tempering: Heating from 100 to 250 ° C. for 60 minutes or more, then air-cooling surface hardening treatment conditions: After heating from 750 to 980 ° C. for 50 minutes or more Oil cooling.
[0045]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the following examples, and is implemented with appropriate modifications within a range that can meet the purpose described above and below. Any of these may be included in the technical scope of the present invention.
[0046]
Example 1
No. shown in Table 1. A steel material having a chemical composition of 1a to 24a is melted, forged (or rolled) into a rod having a diameter of 30 mm, graphitized (T ° C. × t time → air cooling), and then rotated as shown in FIG. 10 by machining. A bending fatigue test piece and an internal friction test piece having a width of 5 mm, a thickness of 0.7 mm, and a length of 105 mm were prepared, and a rotating bending fatigue test and an internal friction test were performed. The internal friction test was performed using a torsion pendulum type internal friction measuring apparatus at a strain amplitude of 1 × 10 −3 and a frequency of 1.3 Hz.
[0047]
The area ratio of graphite was obtained by taking an optical microscope photograph (× 400, 3 views) at a position 0.1 mm below the surface of each test material, and analyzing the image to determine the area ratio and maximum particle size of graphite. The results are shown in Table 2 and FIGS.
[0048]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004156747
[0049]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004156747
[0050]
As apparent from Tables 1 and 2 and FIGS. 1a to 16a satisfy the requirements of the area ratio and maximum particle size of graphite defined in the present invention, and the chemical components are also appropriate, so that excellent internal friction (damping properties) is maintained while maintaining a high level of fatigue strength. Is shown.
[0051]
In contrast, steel No. In 17a to 20a, since the area ratio of graphite is insufficient, the internal friction is small, and satisfactory vibration damping properties cannot be obtained. Steel no. In 21a to 22a, since the amount of C in the steel exceeds the preferred range, the maximum particle size of graphite is excessive and the fatigue strength is reduced. Steel No. In 23a to 24a, the area ratio of graphite is less than the specified range, so the internal friction is low, and satisfactory vibration damping properties cannot be obtained.
[0052]
Example 2
Steel No. shown in Table 3 A steel material having a chemical composition of 1b to 26b is melted, forged (or rolled) into a rod shape having a diameter of 30 mm, graphitized (700 ° C. × 20 Hr → air cooling), and then rotated as shown in FIG. A bending fatigue test piece and an internal friction test piece having a width of 5 mm, a thickness of 0.7 mm, and a length of 105 mm were prepared. After machining, quenching (T ° C. × t minutes → 60 ° C. oil cooling) / tempering treatment (450 ° C. × 2 Hr → air cooling) was performed, and then a rotating bending fatigue test and an internal friction test were performed.
[0053]
The internal friction test was performed using a torsion pendulum type internal friction measuring device at a strain amplitude of 1 × 10 −3 and a frequency of 1.3 Hz. Further, the area ratio of graphite was obtained by taking a photograph (× 400, 3 views) of a position 0.1 mm below the surface of each test steel with an optical microscope, and then obtaining the area ratio and maximum particle diameter of the graphite by image analysis. The results are shown in Table 4 and FIGS.
[0054]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004156747
[0055]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004156747
[0056]
As is apparent from Tables 3 and 4 and FIGS. Since 1b to 16b satisfy the graphite area ratio and maximum particle size defined in the present invention, and preferable chemical components, high internal friction is obtained while maintaining a high level of fatigue strength, and excellent vibration damping properties. It can be seen that
[0057]
In contrast, steel No. In 17b to 20b, the area ratio of graphite does not reach the specified range, the internal friction is small, and the vibration damping property is insufficient. Steel No. Nos. 21b to 22b are inferior in fatigue strength because the maximum particle size of graphite exceeds the specified range. In 23b to 24b, the amount of C in the steel material is large, and the maximum particle size of graphite exceeds the specified range, so the fatigue strength is low. Steel No. In 25b to 26b, since the amount of B in the steel is insufficient, the stability of graphite is lowered, the area ratio of graphite is outside the specified range, and the internal friction (vibration suppression) is lowered.
[0058]
Example 3
No. shown in Table 5 A steel material having a chemical composition of 1c to 26c is melted, then forged (or rolled) into a rod shape having a diameter of 30 mm, graphitized (700 ° C. × 20 Hr → air-cooled), and then subjected to rotational bending shown in FIG. 11 by machining. A fatigue test piece and an internal friction test piece having a width of 4 mm, a thickness of 0.7 mm, and a length of 105 mm were prepared.
[0059]
Each test piece was machined and then subjected to carburization (T ° C. × t minutes → 60 ° C. oil cooling), and a rotating bending fatigue test and an internal friction test were performed. The internal friction test was performed using a torsion pendulum type internal friction measuring device at a strain amplitude of 1 × 10 −3 and a frequency of 1.3 Hz. Further, the area ratio and maximum particle size of graphite in the carburized layer were determined by image analysis after taking a photograph (× 400, 3 views) of a position 0.1 mm below the surface of each specimen with an optical microscope. The results are shown in Table 6 and FIGS.
[0060]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004156747
[0061]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004156747
[0062]
As is clear from Tables 5 and 6 and FIGS. 1c to 16c satisfy the graphite area ratio, maximum particle size, and preferable chemical components defined in the present invention, and therefore have excellent fatigue strength and high internal friction and excellent vibration damping properties. I understand.
[0063]
In contrast, steel No. In Nos. 17c to 20c, the area ratio of graphite did not reach the preferred range, the internal friction was low, and the vibration damping property was insufficient. In 21c to 22c, the fatigue strength is reduced because the maximum particle size of graphite exceeds the specified value. Steel No. In 23c to 24c, since the C amount of the steel material exceeds the preferable range, the maximum particle size of graphite exceeds the specified value, and the fatigue strength is low. Steel no. In 25c to 26c, since the amount of B in the steel material is insufficient, the stability of the graphite is lowered, the area ratio of the graphite becomes less than the specified range, the internal friction is low, and the purpose of improving the damping performance cannot be achieved.
[0064]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention is configured as described above, preferably by defining the component composition of the steel material, and by controlling the area ratio and maximum particle size of graphite in the steel structure to a specific range, As a result, or as a machine part after further quenching and tempering treatment or surface hardening treatment, excellent vibration damping properties can be secured while maintaining a high level of strength characteristics.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the area ratio of graphite and internal friction (damping property) in a steel structure obtained in an example.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the area ratio of graphite and the fatigue strength in the steel structure obtained in the examples.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the maximum particle size of graphite and the fatigue strength in the steel structure obtained in the examples.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the area ratio of graphite and internal friction (damping property) in a steel structure obtained in another example.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the area ratio of graphite and fatigue strength in steel structures obtained in other examples.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the maximum particle size of graphite and the fatigue strength in steel structures obtained in other examples.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the area ratio of graphite and internal friction (damping property) in a steel structure obtained in another example.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the area ratio of graphite and fatigue strength in a steel structure obtained in another example.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the maximum particle size of graphite and the fatigue strength in a steel structure obtained in another example.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing dimensions and shapes of fatigue test pieces used in the experimental examples.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing dimensions and shapes of other fatigue test pieces used in the experimental examples.

Claims (3)

鋼の成分組成が、質量%で、
C:0.1〜2.0%、
Si:3.0%以下、
Mn:3.0%以下、
P:0.03%以下、
S:0.1%以下、
B:0.0003〜0.015%、
Al:0.5%以下、
N:0.001〜0.03%、
残部:Feおよび不可避的不純物を満たすものであり、
表面硬化処理後の状態で、表面硬化層における黒鉛の面積率が2〜15%であり、且つ黒鉛の最大粒径が30μm以下であることを特徴とする疲労特性と制振性に優れた機械構造用鋼部品。
The component composition of steel is mass%,
C: 0.1 to 2.0%
Si: 3.0% or less,
Mn: 3.0% or less,
P: 0.03% or less,
S: 0.1% or less,
B: 0.0003 to 0.015%,
Al: 0.5% or less,
N: 0.001 to 0.03%,
The balance: fills Fe and inevitable impurities,
A machine excellent in fatigue characteristics and vibration damping, characterized in that, after the surface hardening treatment, the area ratio of graphite in the surface hardening layer is 2 to 15% and the maximum particle size of graphite is 30 μm or less. Structural steel parts.
鋼が、他の元素として、Cu:2.0%以下、Ni:3.0%以下、Cr:2.5%以下、Mo:1.0%以下、V:1.0%以下、Ca:0.01%以下、Zr:0.2%以下、Ti:0.1%以下、Nb:0.1%以下、Co:0.5%以下、W:0.1%以下よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含むものである請求項1に記載の機械構造用鋼部品。As other elements, steel is Cu: 2.0% or less, Ni: 3.0% or less, Cr: 2.5% or less, Mo: 1.0% or less, V: 1.0% or less, Ca: Selected from the group consisting of 0.01% or less, Zr: 0.2% or less, Ti: 0.1% or less, Nb: 0.1% or less, Co: 0.5% or less, W: 0.1% or less The steel part for machine structure according to claim 1, comprising at least one element that is produced. 鋼が、更に他の元素として、Pb:0.4%以下、Bi:0.3%以下、Te:0.3%以下、Se:0.3%以下、Rem:0.2%以下よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含むものである請求項1または2に記載の機械構造用鋼部品。Steel is further composed of Pb: 0.4% or less, Bi: 0.3% or less, Te: 0.3% or less, Se: 0.3% or less, and Rem: 0.2% or less as other elements. The steel part for machine structure according to claim 1 or 2, comprising at least one element selected from the group.
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