JP4166322B2 - Method for producing diesel fuel - Google Patents
Method for producing diesel fuel Download PDFInfo
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- JP4166322B2 JP4166322B2 JP10786098A JP10786098A JP4166322B2 JP 4166322 B2 JP4166322 B2 JP 4166322B2 JP 10786098 A JP10786098 A JP 10786098A JP 10786098 A JP10786098 A JP 10786098A JP 4166322 B2 JP4166322 B2 JP 4166322B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ディーゼルエンジンに用いられる液体燃料の製造方法、特には、石油以外を原料として自動車用ディーゼル燃料を製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ディーゼルエンジンは、トラック、バス、船舶、建設機械などの多く用いられ、エネルギー変換効率が高く、二酸化炭素の排出が低く押さえられることからも近年注目されている。ディーゼルエンジンに用いられる燃料としては、通常、原油から精製された石油留分である軽油、重油が用いられている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
石油代替エネルギーの開発、または環境問題の解決の観点から、石油以外の資源から製造された代替燃料を、ディーゼル燃料として用いる研究が行われている。しかし、これらの代替燃料は、自動車用ディーゼル燃料として、大気汚染物質の発生が比較的大きかったり、実用性能が充分でないなどの課題があった。
【0004】
例えば、石炭を水素化処理条件で液化した石炭液化油を自動車用ディーゼル燃料として用いた場合、炭化水素(HC)、一酸化炭素(CO)、窒素酸化物(NOx)、黒煙などの大気汚染物質の排出が比較的多く、また、セタン価が低いためエンジンの効率を高められないという課題があった。
【0005】
天然ガスから合成された天然ガス液化油は、大気汚染物質が少なく、また、セタン価が高いが、密度が低いため燃費が悪いなどから実用性能が充分でない。また、天然ガスは、資源として石炭ほど豊かではない。
【0006】
本発明は、このような課題を解決するもので、本発明の目的は、石炭液化油、天然ガス液化油などのそれ自体では軽油代替燃料として充分な特性を持たない炭化水素油を用いて、環境上好ましく、かつ、実用性能も充分なディーゼル燃料の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明によるディーゼル燃料の製造方法は、比重が0.84以上、セタン価が40以下かつ50%留出温度が240℃未満である炭化水素油10容量部と、比重が0.80以下、セタン価が60以上かつ50%留出温度が240℃以上である炭化水素油7〜15容量部を混合するものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
(石炭液化油)
石炭液化油としては、瀝青炭、褐炭、亜炭などの石炭を分解蒸留、加圧抽出、水素化分解などの工程により液化した炭化水素油、また、その炭化水素油をさらに水素化分解、熱分解などを工程により処理したものを用いることができる。特には、石炭の液体抽出により得られた炭化水素油を、触媒を用いて水素化分解した石炭液化油が好ましく用いられる。
【0009】
好ましく用いられる石炭液化油の性状は、比重が0.84以上、特には0.85〜0.90、セタン価は40以下、特には40〜20、また、50%留出温度が240℃未満、特には230℃〜200℃である。
【0010】
このような性状の石炭液化油は、通常、ナフテン類が大部分であり、芳香族、パラフィン類は少ない。具体的には、芳香族類は10%以下、特には5%以下、また、パラフィン類は20%以下、特には10%以下である。同様の性状であれば、石炭液化油以外の炭化水素油、例えば、廃プラスチック、廃ゴムタイアから回収油、石油固形状残渣の分解油なども利用できる。
【0011】
(天然ガス液化油)
一般的に、天然ガス液化油は、天然ガスをスチームリフォーミングによりCOとH2からなる合成ガスに転換し、この合成ガスを原料として、フィッシャー−トロプシュ法(F−T法)またはMTG法により製造することができる。フィッシャー−トロプシュ法は、触媒を用いて合成ガスから直接に炭化水素を合成するプロセスである。MTG法は、合成ガスからメタノールを合成し、メタノールを重縮合して芳香族化合物を含有する液体燃料を得るプロセスである。本発明には、天然ガスを原料としてスチームリフォーミングにより得た合成ガスをフィッシャー−トロプシュ法により液化した天然ガス液化油が好ましく用いられる。
【0012】
好ましい天然ガス液化油の性状は、比重が0.80以下、特には0.76〜0.79、セタン価は60以上、特には60〜80、また、50%留出温度が240℃以上、特には250℃〜270℃である。
【0013】
このような性状の天然ガス液化油は、通常、パラフィン類が、特に、直鎖パラフィン類が大部分であり、芳香族、ナフテン類は少ない。具体的には、パラフィン類が50%以上、典型的には60%以上、特に、直鎖パラフィンが30%以上、典型的には50%以上含まれる。同様の性状であれば、天然ガス液化油以外の炭化水素油、例えば、石油系ガスの液化油、特殊な精製工程を経た石油留分なども利用できる。
【0014】
(混合したディーゼル燃料)
石炭液化油10容量部と、天然ガス液化油4〜24容量部、好ましくは7〜 15容量部を混合することにより、環境上好ましく、かつ、実用性能も充分なディーゼル燃料が得られる。得られたディーゼル燃料は、セタン価50以上、好ましくは52以上であり、比重0.80以上、好ましくは0.81以上となる。また、通常、自動車に搭載される高速回転型ディーゼルエンジン用燃料として、90%留出温度は350℃以下、30℃における動粘度は1.5〜5.0cStとする。
【0015】
このディーゼル燃料には、エーテル化合物などの含酸素化合物に代表される石油代替燃料基材を20重量%程度まで含んでいてもよい。また、場合によっては本発明の目的の範囲内でセタン価が40以上60未満となる石油基材を50%程度まで含んでいてもよい。さらに、セタン価向上剤、酸化防止剤、金属不活性化剤、腐食防止剤等の公知の燃料添加剤を添加してもよい。また、黒煙の発生を低減するためには、本発明のディーゼル燃料には、硫黄化合物を実質的に含まないこと、具体的には硫黄分が0.01重量%以下であることが好ましい。
【0016】
【実施例】
(石炭液化油の調製)
石炭液化油(以下、CLFともいう)は、以下の工程で調製した。
石炭を350℃以上の留分からなる循環油と混合し、加熱することで抽出油を得た。この抽出油を水素の存在下で接触分解し、生成物の170〜350℃を分留して、さらに、水素の存在下で接触分解して石炭液化油を得た。この生成物の350℃以上の留分を、抽出油を得るための循環油として用い、170℃以下の留分の軽質ガスとして取り出した。接触分解は、アルミナ担体上にモリブデン/ニッケルを担持した触媒を用い、約400℃の温度で行った。
【0017】
(天然ガス液化油の調製)
天然ガス液化油(以下、NLFともいう)は、以下の工程で調製した。
天然ガスをスチームリフォーミングによりCOとH2からなる合成ガスに転換した。この合成ガスを、アルミナ担体にルテニウムを担持した触媒を装填した懸濁床型反応装置に導入し、触媒などをポンプにより循環させながら、反応温度245℃、圧力30kg/cm2の条件で反応させて生成油を得た。生成油を分留して天然ガス液化油として用いた。
【0018】
(混合燃料の調製)
CLF50容量部とNLF50容量部を混合して本発明の実施例であるディーゼル燃料M50を調製した。供試油としたM50、CLF、NLFおよび代表的な市販軽油(以下、ADFともいう)の性状を表1に示す。なお、セタン価はCFRエンジンを用いて、JIS K2280に規定の方法により測定した。
【0019】
【表1】
【0020】
(排ガス、燃費評価)
各供試油について、表2に示すエンジン試験条件で、ディーゼル自動車13モード排出ガスおよび粒子状物質試験法(TRIAS23−1992)に従って、排気ガス中のパーティキュレート(以下、PMともいう)〔ミニダイリューションシステム(堀場製作所製)により採取〕、HC、CO、NOx〔自動車排気ガス測定装置MEXA−4000、堀場製作所製〕を測定した。その際の燃費も併せて測定した。その測定結果を表3に示す。測定値は、市販軽油(ADF)での値を100とした相対値で示している。
【0021】
【表2】
【0022】
【表3】
【0023】
これらの結果から明らかなように、実施例M50は、石炭液化油CLFと比べて、HC、CO、NOx、パーティキュレート(黒煙)が大幅に低減し、また、燃費については、天然ガス液化油NLFよりも向上し、市販軽油程度の性能が得られることがわかる。
【0024】
(エンジン性能評価)
各供試油について、表4に示すエンジン試験条件で、アイドリング回転速度、全負荷出力を測定した。その測定結果を表5に示す。測定値は、市販軽油(ADF)での値を100とした相対値で示している。
【0025】
【表4】
【0026】
【表5】
【0027】
これらの結果から明らかなように、天然ガス液化油NLFは、アイドリング回転数および全負荷出力が相対的に低く、市販軽油程度の実用性能を満足していない。他方、実施例M50は、市販軽油程度の実用性能を有していることがわかる。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
本発明によるディーゼル燃料の製造方法は、石炭液化油10容量部と、天然ガス液化油7〜15容量部を混合するものであり、大気汚染物質の発生も比較的少なく、かつ、エネルギー効率は、現在市販されている軽油と同程度のディーゼル燃料を製造することできる。これにより、エネルギー資源の問題も少なく、充分な実用性能を発揮するディーゼル燃料を提供することが可能となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a liquid fuel used in a diesel engine, and more particularly to a method for producing a diesel fuel for automobiles using materials other than petroleum as raw materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Diesel engines are widely used in trucks, buses, ships, construction machines, etc., and have attracted attention in recent years because of their high energy conversion efficiency and low carbon dioxide emissions. As fuel used for diesel engines, light oil and heavy oil, which are petroleum fractions refined from crude oil, are usually used.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
From the viewpoint of developing alternative energy for oil or solving environmental problems, research is being conducted on the use of alternative fuel produced from resources other than petroleum as diesel fuel. However, these alternative fuels have problems such as generation of air pollutants that are relatively large as automobile diesel fuel, and insufficient practical performance.
[0004]
For example, when coal liquefied oil liquefied under hydrotreating conditions is used as automobile diesel fuel, air pollution such as hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), black smoke, etc. There was a problem that the efficiency of the engine could not be increased due to the relatively large emission of substances and the low cetane number.
[0005]
Natural gas liquefied oil synthesized from natural gas has few air pollutants and has a high cetane number, but its density is low and its fuel efficiency is poor, so its practical performance is not sufficient. Natural gas is also not as rich as coal as a resource.
[0006]
The present invention solves such problems, and the object of the present invention is to use hydrocarbon oils that do not have sufficient characteristics as light oil substitute fuels such as coal liquefied oil and natural gas liquefied oil, The present invention provides a method for producing diesel fuel that is environmentally favorable and has sufficient practical performance.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Method of manufacturing a diesel fuel according to the present invention, specific gravity is 0.84 or more, and cetane number of 40 or less and 10 parts by volume of 50% hydrocarbon oil distillate temperature is less than 240 ° C., a specific gravity of 0.80 or less, 7 to 15 parts by volume of a hydrocarbon oil having a cetane number of 60 or more and a 50% distillation temperature of 240 ° C. or more is mixed.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Coal liquefied oil)
As the coal liquefied oil, hydrocarbon oil obtained by liquefying coal such as bituminous coal, lignite and lignite by cracking distillation, pressure extraction, hydrocracking, etc. Can be used which has been processed by the process. In particular, coal liquefied oil obtained by hydrocracking a hydrocarbon oil obtained by liquid extraction of coal using a catalyst is preferably used.
[0009]
The properties of the coal liquefied oil preferably used have a specific gravity of 0.84 or more, particularly 0.85 to 0.90, a cetane number of 40 or less , particularly 40 to 20, and a 50% distillation temperature of less than 240 ° C. In particular, it is 230 ° C to 200 ° C.
[0010]
The coal liquefied oil having such properties is usually mostly naphthenes and less aromatic and paraffins. Specifically, aromatics are 10% or less, particularly 5% or less, and paraffins are 20% or less, particularly 10% or less. With similar properties, hydrocarbon oils other than coal liquefied oil, such as waste plastics, oil recovered from waste rubber tires, cracked oil of petroleum solid residue, and the like can also be used.
[0011]
(Natural gas liquefied oil)
In general, natural gas liquefied oil is converted to a synthesis gas composed of CO and H 2 by steam reforming, and this synthesis gas is used as a raw material by a Fischer-Tropsch method (FT method) or MTG method. Can be manufactured. The Fischer-Tropsch process is a process for synthesizing hydrocarbons directly from synthesis gas using a catalyst. The MTG method is a process for synthesizing methanol from synthesis gas and polycondensing methanol to obtain a liquid fuel containing an aromatic compound. In the present invention, natural gas liquefied oil obtained by liquefying synthetic gas obtained by steam reforming using natural gas as a raw material by the Fischer-Tropsch method is preferably used.
[0012]
Preferred natural gas liquefied oil has a specific gravity of 0.80 or less, particularly 0.76 to 0.79, a cetane number of 60 or more, particularly 60 to 80, and a 50% distillation temperature of 240 ° C. or more. In particular, it is 250 ° C to 270 ° C.
[0013]
Natural gas liquefied oils having such properties are usually mostly paraffins, especially straight-chain paraffins, and are less aromatic and naphthenes. Specifically, paraffins are contained in an amount of 50% or more, typically 60% or more, and in particular, linear paraffins are contained in an amount of 30% or more, typically 50% or more. With similar properties, hydrocarbon oils other than natural gas liquefied oils, such as petroleum gas liquefied oil, petroleum fractions that have undergone a special refining process, and the like can also be used.
[0014]
(Mixed diesel fuel)
By mixing 10 parts by volume of coal liquefied oil and 4 to 24 parts by volume, preferably 7 to 15 parts by volume of natural gas liquefied oil, a diesel fuel that is environmentally favorable and has sufficient practical performance can be obtained. The obtained diesel fuel has a cetane number of 50 or more, preferably 52 or more, and a specific gravity of 0.80 or more, preferably 0.81 or more. Further, as a fuel for a high-speed rotating diesel engine mounted on an automobile, a 90% distillation temperature is usually 350 ° C. or lower, and a kinematic viscosity at 30 ° C. is 1.5 to 5.0 cSt.
[0015]
The diesel fuel may contain up to about 20% by weight of a petroleum substitute fuel base material typified by an oxygen-containing compound such as an ether compound. In some cases, the petroleum base material having a cetane number of 40 or more and less than 60 within the scope of the object of the present invention may be contained up to about 50%. Furthermore, you may add well-known fuel additives, such as a cetane number improver, antioxidant, a metal deactivator, and a corrosion inhibitor. Moreover, in order to reduce generation | occurrence | production of black smoke, it is preferable that the diesel fuel of this invention does not contain a sulfur compound substantially, specifically, sulfur content is 0.01 weight% or less.
[0016]
【Example】
(Preparation of coal liquefied oil)
Coal liquefied oil (hereinafter also referred to as CLF) was prepared by the following steps.
Coal was mixed with circulating oil composed of a fraction of 350 ° C. or higher, and heated to obtain an extracted oil. This extracted oil was catalytically cracked in the presence of hydrogen, the product was fractionally distilled at 170 to 350 ° C., and further catalytically cracked in the presence of hydrogen to obtain a coal liquefied oil. A fraction of 350 ° C. or higher of this product was used as a circulating oil for obtaining an extracted oil, and was taken out as a light gas of a fraction of 170 ° C. or lower. The catalytic cracking was performed at a temperature of about 400 ° C. using a catalyst having molybdenum / nickel supported on an alumina support.
[0017]
(Preparation of natural gas liquefied oil)
Natural gas liquefied oil (hereinafter also referred to as NLF) was prepared by the following steps.
Natural gas was converted into synthesis gas composed of CO and H 2 by steam reforming. This synthesis gas is introduced into a suspension bed type reactor loaded with a catalyst having ruthenium supported on an alumina carrier, and reacted under conditions of a reaction temperature of 245 ° C. and a pressure of 30 kg / cm 2 while circulating the catalyst by a pump. The resulting oil was obtained. The product oil was fractionally used as a natural gas liquefied oil.
[0018]
(Preparation of mixed fuel)
A diesel fuel M50, which is an example of the present invention, was prepared by mixing 50 parts by volume of CLF and 50 parts by volume of NLF. Table 1 shows properties of M50, CLF, NLF, and typical commercial light oil (hereinafter also referred to as ADF) used as test oils. The cetane number was measured by a method defined in JIS K2280 using a CFR engine.
[0019]
[Table 1]
[0020]
(Exhaust gas and fuel consumption evaluation)
For each test oil, particulates in exhaust gas (hereinafter also referred to as PM) [Mini Die] in accordance with the diesel vehicle 13-mode exhaust gas and particulate matter test method (TRIAS 23-1992) under the engine test conditions shown in Table 2 HC, CO, NOx [automobile exhaust gas measuring device MEXA-4000, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.] were measured. The fuel consumption at that time was also measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 3. The measured value is shown as a relative value with the value of commercial light oil (ADF) as 100.
[0021]
[Table 2]
[0022]
[Table 3]
[0023]
As is clear from these results, Example M50 has significantly reduced HC, CO, NOx, and particulates (black smoke) as compared with the coal liquefied oil CLF, and the fuel efficiency is natural gas liquefied oil. It can be seen that the performance is about the same as that of commercially available light oil, which is higher than NLF.
[0024]
(Engine performance evaluation)
For each sample oil, idling rotational speed and full load output were measured under the engine test conditions shown in Table 4. The measurement results are shown in Table 5. The measured value is shown as a relative value with the value of commercial light oil (ADF) as 100.
[0025]
[Table 4]
[0026]
[Table 5]
[0027]
As is clear from these results, the natural gas liquefied oil NLF has a relatively low idling rotational speed and full load output, and does not satisfy the practical performance of commercial light oil. On the other hand, it can be seen that Example M50 has practical performance comparable to that of commercially available light oil.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
The method for producing diesel fuel according to the present invention mixes 10 parts by volume of coal liquefied oil and 7 to 15 parts by volume of natural gas liquefied oil , generates relatively little air pollutants, and energy efficiency is as follows: It is possible to produce diesel fuel that is comparable to light oil currently on the market. As a result, it is possible to provide a diesel fuel exhibiting sufficient practical performance with few problems of energy resources.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10786098A JP4166322B2 (en) | 1998-04-17 | 1998-04-17 | Method for producing diesel fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10786098A JP4166322B2 (en) | 1998-04-17 | 1998-04-17 | Method for producing diesel fuel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11302669A JPH11302669A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
| JP4166322B2 true JP4166322B2 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10786098A Expired - Lifetime JP4166322B2 (en) | 1998-04-17 | 1998-04-17 | Method for producing diesel fuel |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4166322B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3662165B2 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2005-06-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Method for producing oxygen-containing fuel |
| JP4589940B2 (en) * | 2007-05-15 | 2010-12-01 | 株式会社ジョモテクニカルリサーチセンター | High power diesel oil composition |
-
1998
- 1998-04-17 JP JP10786098A patent/JP4166322B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH11302669A (en) | 1999-11-02 |
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