JP4170490B2 - Microporous membrane - Google Patents
Microporous membraneInfo
- Publication number
- JP4170490B2 JP4170490B2 JP00052299A JP52299A JP4170490B2 JP 4170490 B2 JP4170490 B2 JP 4170490B2 JP 00052299 A JP00052299 A JP 00052299A JP 52299 A JP52299 A JP 52299A JP 4170490 B2 JP4170490 B2 JP 4170490B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- microporous membrane
- molecular weight
- polyolefin
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、超高分子量成分を含むポリオレフィンを含有する微多孔膜に関する。さらに詳しくは、電池の正極負極間に配置されてこれらを隔離させる電池用セパレーター等として好適に用いられる微多孔膜に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
微多孔膜は、電池用セパレーター、電解コンデンサー隔膜、透湿防水材、各種フィルター等に用いられている。中でも電池用セパレーターは、電池として軽量・高起電力・高エネルギーが得られ、しかも自己放電が少ないリチウム二次電池の重要な部材として注目を集めており、今後は電気自動車用バッテリーの構成部材としても期待されている。
【0003】
かかるリチウム二次電池用セパレーターとして、例えば、特開平3−64334号公報では、重量平均分子量70万以上の超高分子量ポリオレフィンと重量平均分子量/数平均分子量10〜300のポリオレフィン組成物からなる微多孔膜が提案されている。また、特開平8−138644号公報では、粘度平均分子量100万以上のポリエチレンと粘度平均分子量10〜100万未満のポリエチレン、エチレン−プロピレンラバー10〜40%を含む混合物からなる2枚以上の積層セパレーターが提案されている。
【0004】
しかしながら、特開平3−64334号公報に記載の微多孔膜では、膜強度が不十分であり、特開平8−138644号公報に記載の微多孔膜では、シャットダウン温度が高すぎ、また通気度も低いという欠点があった。従って、これらの従来の微多孔膜では、適度な通気度や空孔率、高い膜強度等の特性を維持しながら、異常状態の電池ですみやかに微多孔膜の孔を閉塞させること、具体的には、シャットダウン温度を低減させることは非常に困難であったが、昨今のリチウムイオン二次電池等の進歩により、前記のような各特性のバランスに優れた微多孔膜は益々必要とされている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の目的は、二次電池用セパレーター等として適度な通気度や空孔率を有しながら、膜強度が強く、シャットダウン温度が低い、より安全な微多孔膜を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、前記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、重量平均分子量1×106 以上の成分を1重量%以上含有したポリオレフィンに、示差走査熱量測定装置によるピーク温度が80〜150℃であり、かつJIS K7210に基づく190℃、2.16kgf荷重でのメルトフローレートが10以下の実質的に結晶性を示す熱可塑性ポリマーを混合した組成物を用いることにより、意外にもリチウムイオン二次電池等の二次電池用セパレーター等として適度な通気度や空孔率を有しながら、膜強度が強く、シャットダウン温度が低い、より安全な微多孔膜を見い出し、本発明に到達した。
【0007】
即ち、本発明の要旨は、
重量平均分子量が1×106 以上の超高分子量ポリオレフィンをポリオレフィン成分として1重量%以上含有するポリオレフィン50〜90重量%と、示差走査熱量測定装置によるピーク温度が80〜150℃であり、かつJIS K7210に基づく190℃、2.16kgf荷重でのメルトフローレートが10以下の実質的に結晶性を示す熱可塑性エラストマー10〜50重量%とからなる電池セパレーター用微多孔膜、に関する。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明を以下に詳細に説明する。本発明に用いることができるポリオレフィンは、重量平均分子量が1×106 以上の超高分子量ポリオレフィンを1重量%以上含有したものである。
【0009】
超高分子量ポリオレフィンとしては、エチレン、プロピレン、1−ブテン、4−メチル−1−ペンテン、1−ヘキセン等のオレフィンの単独重合体、共重合体及びこれらのブレンド物等が挙げられる。なかでも、微多孔膜の高強度化の観点から、機械的強度に優れる超高分子量ポリエチレンを用いることが好ましい。
【0010】
超高分子量ポリオレフィンの重量平均分子量は、1×106 以上、好ましくは1.5×106 以上である。また、超高分子量ポリオレフィンの前記ポリオレフィン中における含有量は、超高分子量ポリオレフィンの絡み合いによる高強度化を効果的に得る観点から、1重量%以上、好ましくは5重量%以上、さらに好ましくは10〜100重量%である。
【0011】
前記ポリオレフィンの微多孔膜中における含有量は50〜90重量%であり、好ましくは60〜90重量%である。ポリオレフィンの含有量は、所望の膜強度を得る観点から、50重量%以上であり、シャットダウン温度を低下させる観点から、90重量%以下である。
【0012】
本発明に用いることのできる熱可塑性ポリマーとしては、例えば、ポリスチレン系やポリオレフィン系、ポリジエン系、塩化ビニル系、ポリエステル系等の熱可塑性エラストマーが挙げられ、これらの中では、結晶層を含み、電池内で安全に使用できる、ポリオレフィン系の熱可塑性エラストマーが好ましい。また、これらの熱可塑性ポリマーは、ポリオレフィンベースの変性した構造を含んでもよい。
【0013】
前記熱可塑性ポリマーは、示差走査熱量測定装置において明瞭なピークを示す結晶性のものである。明瞭なピークを示さない非晶性のポリマーの場合には、微多孔膜のシャットダウン温度を十分に低減させることはできない。また、単なる低融点の結晶性ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンやランダム共重合体の場合には、シャットダウン抵抗が少し上昇するだけで、実質的に抵抗を高めるシャットダウン温度の低温化には効果が乏しく、安全性の向上は望めない。示差走査熱量測定装置による熱可塑性ポリマーのピーク温度は、80〜150℃であり、好ましくは90〜140℃である。ピーク温度が80〜150℃の範囲である場合には、電池を通常に使用している間にシャットダウンする不具合を引き起こすこともなく、電池の異常時にシャットダウンが遅く起こることもない。
【0014】
また、前記熱可塑性ポリマーのJIS K7210に基づく190℃、2.16kgf荷重でのメルトフローレートは、10以下であり、好ましくは9以下であり、さらに好ましくは8以下である。このメルトフローレートが10より大きい場合には、熱可塑性ポリマーの流動性が大きいために、電池異常時に流動物が孔内につまり、孔が閉塞してシャットダウンが起こる。しかしながら、このような機構は、微多孔膜の全体で生じず、部分的にシャットダウン抵抗が上昇するのみであるため、安全性の面から十分に低いシャットダウン温度を得ることができない。
【0015】
前記熱可塑性ポリマーを用いることにより、シャットダウン温度が低下した安全な微多孔膜を得ることができる理由は明白ではない。しかしながら、前記のように流動物が孔内につまって孔が閉塞するのではなく、熱可塑性ポリマーの軟化点あるいは部分融点付近において、ドメイン状に点在した熱可塑性ポリマーが粘性状態になることによって、微多孔膜を構成するポリオレフィンを主体とする、複雑に交錯したミクロフィブリルが、滑りながら変形することで微多孔膜全体の孔が閉塞するためと考えられる。この際、微多孔膜の膜厚は薄くなるが、ミクロフィブリルはそのまま存在するため、結果的に破膜強度は維持されると考えられる。
【0016】
熱可塑性ポリマーの微多孔膜中における含有量としては、10〜50重量%であり、好ましくは11〜45重量%である。熱可塑性ポリマーの含有量は、シャットダウン機構に影響する熱可塑性ポリマーのドメインを十分に分散させる観点から、10重量%以上であり、熱可塑性ポリマーの良好な分散性と強度保持の観点から、50重量%以下である。
【0017】
前記ポリオレフィンと前記熱可塑性ポリマーからなる本発明の微多孔膜の厚みは、良好な電池性能を得る観点から、好ましくは10〜50μmであり、さらに好ましくは15〜40μmである。
【0018】
また、微多孔膜の通気度は10〜1000秒/100ccであり、好ましくは100〜800秒/100cc、さらに好ましくは150〜750秒/100ccである。この範囲の通気度をもつことにより電解液の浸透性や保液性、また電気抵抗が高すぎるということがなく、良好な電池を組み立てることができる。
【0019】
また、微多孔膜の空孔率は、30〜70%であることが好ましく、35〜65%であることがより好ましい。この空孔率が大きすぎると、例えば、リチウム電池の場合、過充電状態でのリチウムデンドライト析出により電池の短絡が起こりやすくなり、小さすぎると目詰まりを起こしやすくなる。
【0020】
微多孔膜の突刺強度は、破膜を防止する観点から、300gf/25μm以上であることが好ましく、400gf/25μm以上であることがより好ましい。
【0021】
また、微多孔膜のシャットダウン温度は、早期に電気抵抗を高め、電池の温度上昇を抑制するという観点から、100Ω・cm2 において140℃以下、好ましくは138℃以下である。
【0022】
本発明の微多孔膜は、例えば、前記ポリオレフィンと熱可塑性ポリマーを溶媒と混合し、混練・加熱溶融しながらシート状に成形した後、一軸方向以上に延伸し、溶媒を抽出除去後、ヒートセット処理することにより製造することができる。
【0023】
溶媒としては、前記ポリオレフィンと熱可塑性ポリマーの溶解性に優れたものであれば良く、例えば、ノナン、デカン、ウンデカン、ドデカン、デカリン、流動パラフィン等の脂肪族又は環式の炭化水素、沸点がこれらに対応する鉱油留分等が挙げられ、流動パラフィン等の不揮発性溶媒が好ましい。
【0024】
溶媒の使用量としては、ポリオレフィン、熱可塑性ポリマー及び溶媒からなる樹脂組成物の50〜95重量%であることが好ましく、50〜90重量%であることがより好ましい。溶媒の使用量は、適度で均質な孔径の微多孔膜を得る観点から、50重量%以上であることが好ましく、製造時の安定性や強度を保持する必要性の観点から95重量%以下であることが好ましい。
【0025】
なお、前記樹脂組成物には、必要に応じて、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤等の添加剤を、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で添加することができる。
【0026】
得られる樹脂組成物を混練りし、シート状に成形する工程は、通常用いられる公知の方法により行うことができる。例えば、樹脂組成物をバンバリーミキサー、ニーダー等を用いてバッチ式で混練りし、次いで、冷却された金属版に挟み込み急冷して急冷結晶化によりシート状成形物にしてもよく、Tダイ等を取り付けた押出機等を用いてシート状成形物を得てもよい。あるいは、二軸押出機や連続式混練機で混練りを行い混練機の先端につけたダイスでシート化してもよい。
【0027】
樹脂組成物の混練りは、適当な温度条件下であればよく、特に限定されないが、好ましくは100〜200℃であり、より好ましくは115〜185℃である。
【0028】
シート状に成形するに際しては、押出機等から出てくるシート状成形物をさらに急冷してもよい。この時、過冷却度(ΔT)が20℃以上になる条件で急冷することがより好ましい。急冷操作を行うことにより、皮膜強度をより高めることができる。
【0029】
このようにして、前記樹脂組成物のシート状成形物を得ることができる。ここで、シート状成形物の厚みとしては、特に限定されないが、3〜30mmのものが好ましく、5〜25mmのものがより好ましい。
【0030】
次に、前記シート状成形物の延伸及び脱溶媒処理を行う。延伸処理の方式は、特に限定されるものではなく、通常のテンター法、ロール法、インフレーション法又はこれらの方法の組合せであってもよく、また、一軸延伸、二軸延伸等のいずれの方式をも適用することができる。また、二軸延伸の場合は、縦横同時延伸又は逐次延伸のいずれでもよい。さらに、本発明では、延伸処理に先立ち、シート状成形物の圧延等の処理を行ってもよい。
【0031】
延伸処理の温度は、100〜140℃であることが好ましい。その他の延伸処理条件は、通常用いられる公知の条件を採用することができる。
【0032】
脱溶媒処理は、シート状成形物から溶媒を除去して微多孔質構造を形成させる工程であり、例えば、シート状成形物を溶剤で洗浄して残留する溶媒を除去することにより行うことができる。溶剤としては、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、デカン等の炭化水素、塩化メチレン、四塩化炭素等の塩素炭化水素、三フッ化エタン等のフッ化炭化水素、ジエチルエーテル、ジオキサン等のエーテル類等の易揮発性溶剤が挙げられ、これらは単独で又は2種以上を混合して用いることができる。かかる溶剤を用いた洗浄方法は、特に限定されず、例えば、シート状成形物を溶剤中に浸漬して溶媒を抽出する方法、溶媒をシート状成形物にシャワーする方法等が挙げられる。
【0033】
なお、本発明において、脱溶媒処理は、延伸前後に適宜行えばよい。例えば、前記シート状成形物を脱溶媒処理してから延伸処理に供してもよく、またシート状成形物をそのまま延伸処理してから脱溶媒処理を行ってもよい。あるいは、延伸処理前に脱溶媒処理を行い、延伸処理後に再度脱溶媒処理を行って残存溶媒を除去する態様であってもよい。
【0034】
次に、前記工程により得られた微多孔質構造を有する成形物をヒートセット処理する。本発明においてヒートセット処理は、膜固定して連続熱風炉へ通す等の公知の方法を用いることができる。
【0035】
このようにして得られる本発明の微多孔膜は、適度な通気度や空孔率を有しながら、膜強度が強く、シャットダウン温度が低い、より安全なものであるため、電池のセパレーターとしての用途だけでなく、各種フィルター、電解コンデンサー用隔膜等にも好適に使用することができる。
【0036】
【実施例】
以下、実施例及び比較例を挙げてさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はかかる実施例により何ら限定されるものではない。
【0037】
なお、各種特性については、下記要領にて測定を行う。
【0038】
(1)示差走査熱量測定(DSCピーク温度)
示差走査熱量測定装置(DSC)には、「DSC−200」((株)セイコー電子工業製)を用い、昇温速度10℃/minで評価した。
【0039】
(2)メルトフローレート(MFR)
メルトフローレート(MFR)は、JIS K7210に基づき、190℃、2.16kgfにおける値を示した。
【0040】
(3)通気度
JIS P8117に準拠する方法で測定する。
【0041】
(4)空孔率
測定対象の微多孔膜を直径6cmの円状に切り抜き、その体積と重量を求め、得られる結果から次式を用いて計算する。
【0042】
空孔率(%)=100×〔体積(cm3 )−重量(g)/ポリオレフィン密度(g/cm3 )〕/体積(cm3 )
【0043】
(5)突刺強度
突刺強度は、カトーテック(株)製の圧縮試験機「KES−G5」を使用して針突き刺し試験を行い、測定により得られた荷重変位曲線より最大荷重を読みとって突刺強度値とした。針は直径1.0mm、先端曲率半径0.75mmを用い、2cm/秒の速度で行った。
【0044】
(6)シャットダウン温度(SD温度)
測定には、25mmφの筒状の試験室を有し、試験室が密閉可能なステンレス鋼(SUS)製のセルを使用し、下部電極には20mmφ、上部電極には10mmφの白金板(厚さ1.0mm)をそれぞれ使用した。24mmφに打ち抜いた測定試料を電解液中に浸漬して電解液を含浸させ、それを前記電極間に挟み、前記セルにセットした。電極はセルに設けられたばねにて一定の面圧がかかるようにした。なお、電解液には、プロピレンカーボネートとジメトキシエタンを容量比で1:1の割合で混合した溶媒に、ホウフッ化リチウムを1.0mol/lの濃度になるように溶解したものを用いた。
【0045】
このセルに熱伝対温度計と抵抗計を接続した後、セルを180℃恒温器中へ投入し、セル内部の温度と抵抗を測定した。100〜150℃の平均昇温速度は10℃/分であった。この測定により、セル内部の抵抗が100Ω・cm2 に達した時の温度をSD温度とした。
【0046】
実施例1
重量平均分子量(Mw)が3×106 の超高分子量ポリエチレン12重量部とオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー(DSCピーク温度115℃、MFR1.2)(住友化学(株)製「TPE821」)3重量部と流動パラフィン85重量部をスラリー状に均一混合し、160℃の温度で小型ニーダーを用い約60分間溶解混練りした。その後これらの混練物を0℃に冷却されたロール又は金属板に挟み込みシート状に急冷した。これらの急冷結晶化させたシート状樹脂を、約120℃の温度でシートの厚さが0.4〜0.6mmになるまでヒートプレスし、約120℃の温度で同時に縦横3.5×3.5倍に二軸延伸し、ヘプタンを使用して脱溶媒処理を行った後、ヒートセット処理(115℃、10分)した。厚さ25μmで空孔率60%の微多孔膜を得た。
【0047】
実施例2
重量平均分子量(Mw)が2×106 の超高分子量ポリエチレン10重量部とオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー(DSCピーク温度115℃、MFR1.2)(住友化学(株)製「TPE821」)5重量部と流動パラフィン85重量部を用いて実施例1と同様に製膜し、厚さ25μmで空孔率63%の微多孔膜を得た。
【0048】
実施例3
重量平均分子量(Mw)が3×106 の超高分子量ポリエチレン12重量部とオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー(DSCピーク温度110℃、MFR0.8)(住友化学(株)製「TPE824」)3重量部と流動パラフィン85重量部を用いて実施例1と同様に製膜し、厚さ25μmで空孔率61%の微多孔膜を得た。
【0049】
実施例4(参考例)
重量平均分子量(Mw)が3×106 の超高分子量ポリエチレン12重量部とエチレンメタクリル酸コポリマー(DSCピーク温度108℃、MFR7)(三井デュポン(株)製「EMAA」)3重量部と流動パラフィン85重量部を用いて実施例1と同様に製膜し、厚さ25μmで空孔率55%の微多孔膜を得た。
【0050】
比較例1
重量平均分子量(Mw)が3×106 の超高分子量ポリエチレン12重量部とオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー(DSCピーク温度152℃、MFR7)(住友化学(株)製「TPE907」)3重量部と流動パラフィン85重量部を用いた以外は実施例1と同様に製膜し、厚さ25μmで空孔率57%の微多孔膜を得た。
【0051】
比較例2
重量平均分子量(Mw)が2×106 の超高分子量ポリエチレン15重量部と流動パラフィン85重量部を用いた以外は実施例1と同様に製膜し、厚さ25μmで空孔率61%の微多孔膜を得た。
【0052】
比較例3
重量平均分子量(Mw)が3×106 の超高分子量ポリエチレン12重量部とポリオレフィン系コポリマー(DSCピーク温度136℃、MFR20)(三井化学(株)製「タフマーBL7000」)3重量部と流動パラフィン85重量部を用いた以外は実施例1と同様に製膜し、厚さ25μmで空孔率58%の微多孔膜を得た。
【0053】
比較例4
重量平均分子量(Mw)が3×106 の超高分子量ポリエチレン11重量部と低分子量ポリエチレン(DSCピーク温度126℃、高流動性140℃、80cps)(三井化学(株)製「ハイワックス200P」)4重量部と流動パラフィン85重量部を用いた以外は実施例1と同様に製膜し、厚さ25μmで空孔率62%の微多孔膜を得た。
【0054】
比較例5
重量平均分子量(Mw)が3×106 の超高分子量ポリエチレン11重量部と非晶性の熱可塑性エラストマー(DSCピークなし、流動せず)(クラレ(株)製「セプトン2005」)4重量部と流動パラフィン85重量部を用いた以外は実施例1と同様に製膜し、厚さ25μmで空孔率55%の微多孔膜を得た。
【0055】
実施例1〜4及び比較例1〜5で得られた微多孔膜の膜厚、通気度、空孔率、突刺強度及びSD温度を表1に示す。
【0056】
【表1】
【0057】
以上の結果より、実施例1〜4で得られた微多孔膜はいずれも、比較例1〜5で得られた微多孔膜に比べ、適度な通気度や空孔率、高い膜強度等の特性を維持しながら、140℃より低いSD温度を有するものであることがわかる。
【0058】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、二次電池用セパレーター等として適度な通気度や空孔率、高い膜強度空孔率を有しながら、シャットダウン温度が低い、より安全な微多孔膜を得ることができるという優れた効果が奏される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a microporous membrane containing a polyolefin containing an ultrahigh molecular weight component. More specifically, the present invention relates to a microporous membrane that is suitably used as a battery separator or the like that is disposed between positive and negative electrodes of a battery to isolate them.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The microporous membrane is used for battery separators, electrolytic capacitor diaphragms, moisture-permeable waterproof materials, various filters, and the like. In particular, battery separators are attracting attention as important components for lithium secondary batteries that are lightweight, have high electromotive force and high energy, and have little self-discharge. Is also expected.
[0003]
As such a separator for a lithium secondary battery, for example, in JP-A-3-64334, a microporous material comprising an ultrahigh molecular weight polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight of 700,000 or more and a polyolefin composition having a weight average molecular weight / number average molecular weight of 10 to 300. Membranes have been proposed. JP-A-8-138644 discloses two or more laminated separators comprising a mixture containing polyethylene having a viscosity average molecular weight of 1 million or more, polyethylene having a viscosity average molecular weight of less than 10 to 1 million, and ethylene-propylene rubber of 10 to 40%. Has been proposed.
[0004]
However, the microporous membrane described in JP-A-3-64334 has insufficient film strength, and the microporous membrane described in JP-A-8-138644 has a shutdown temperature that is too high and the air permeability is also low. There was a drawback of being low. Therefore, in these conventional microporous membranes, the pores of the microporous membrane are quickly closed with an abnormal battery while maintaining characteristics such as moderate air permeability, porosity, and high membrane strength. However, it has been very difficult to reduce the shutdown temperature. However, due to recent advances in lithium ion secondary batteries and the like, microporous membranes having an excellent balance of properties as described above are increasingly required. Yes.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a safer microporous membrane having a strong membrane strength and a low shutdown temperature while having an appropriate air permeability and porosity as a secondary battery separator or the like. .
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that a polyolefin containing 1% by weight or more of a component having a weight average molecular weight of 1 × 10 6 or more has a peak temperature of 80 to 150 by a differential scanning calorimeter. By using a composition in which a thermoplastic polymer having substantially crystallinity having a melt flow rate of 10 or less at 190 ° C. under a load of 2.16 kgf based on JIS K7210 is used, a lithium ion is surprisingly As a secondary battery separator such as a secondary battery, a safer microporous membrane having a high membrane strength and a low shutdown temperature while having an appropriate air permeability and porosity has been found, and the present invention has been achieved.
[0007]
That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
50 to 90% by weight of a polyolefin containing 1% by weight or more of an ultrahigh molecular weight polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight of 1 × 10 6 or more as a polyolefin component, a peak temperature by a differential scanning calorimeter is 80 to 150 ° C., and JIS The present invention relates to a microporous membrane for battery separators comprising 10 to 50% by weight of a substantially thermoplastic thermoplastic elastomer having a melt flow rate of 10 or less at 190 ° C. under a load of 2.16 kgf based on K7210.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below. The polyolefin that can be used in the present invention contains 1% by weight or more of ultrahigh molecular weight polyolefin having a weight average molecular weight of 1 × 10 6 or more.
[0009]
Examples of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyolefin include homopolymers and copolymers of olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, and 1-hexene, and blends thereof. Among these, from the viewpoint of increasing the strength of the microporous membrane, it is preferable to use ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having excellent mechanical strength.
[0010]
The weight average molecular weight of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyolefin is 1 × 10 6 or more, preferably 1.5 × 10 6 or more. Further, the content of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyolefin in the polyolefin is 1% by weight or more, preferably 5% by weight or more, more preferably 10% by weight or more from the viewpoint of effectively obtaining high strength by entanglement of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyolefin. 100% by weight.
[0011]
The content of the polyolefin in the microporous membrane is 50 to 90% by weight, preferably 60 to 90% by weight. The polyolefin content is 50% by weight or more from the viewpoint of obtaining desired film strength, and 90% by weight or less from the viewpoint of lowering the shutdown temperature.
[0012]
Examples of the thermoplastic polymer that can be used in the present invention include thermoplastic elastomers such as polystyrene-based, polyolefin-based, polydiene-based, vinyl chloride-based, and polyester-based materials. A polyolefin-based thermoplastic elastomer that can be used safely in the inside is preferable. These thermoplastic polymers may also include a polyolefin-based modified structure.
[0013]
The thermoplastic polymer is crystalline with a clear peak in a differential scanning calorimeter. In the case of an amorphous polymer that does not show a clear peak, the shutdown temperature of the microporous membrane cannot be sufficiently reduced. In addition, in the case of crystalline polyethylene, polypropylene, or random copolymer having a low melting point, the shutdown resistance is only slightly increased, which is not effective for lowering the shutdown temperature, which substantially increases the resistance. I cannot expect improvement. The peak temperature of the thermoplastic polymer measured by a differential scanning calorimeter is 80 to 150 ° C, preferably 90 to 140 ° C. When the peak temperature is in the range of 80 to 150 ° C., there is no trouble that the battery is shut down during normal use, and the shutdown is not delayed when the battery is abnormal.
[0014]
Further, the melt flow rate at 190 ° C. and 2.16 kgf load based on JIS K7210 of the thermoplastic polymer is 10 or less, preferably 9 or less, more preferably 8 or less. When this melt flow rate is larger than 10, the fluidity of the thermoplastic polymer is large, so that when the battery is abnormal, the fluid is in the pores, that is, the pores are closed and shutdown occurs. However, such a mechanism does not occur in the entire microporous membrane, and the shutdown resistance is only partially increased. Therefore, a sufficiently low shutdown temperature cannot be obtained from the viewpoint of safety.
[0015]
The reason why a safe microporous membrane having a reduced shutdown temperature can be obtained by using the thermoplastic polymer is not clear. However, the fluid does not get stuck in the pores as described above, and the pores are not blocked, but the thermoplastic polymer scattered in the domain shape becomes viscous in the vicinity of the softening point or the partial melting point of the thermoplastic polymer. It is considered that the pores of the entire microporous membrane are blocked by the complexly intermingled microfibrils mainly composed of polyolefin constituting the microporous membrane, which are deformed while sliding. At this time, the film thickness of the microporous film is reduced, but the microfibrils exist as they are, and as a result, it is considered that the membrane breaking strength is maintained.
[0016]
The content of the thermoplastic polymer in the microporous membrane is 10 to 50% by weight, preferably 11 to 45% by weight. The content of the thermoplastic polymer is 10% by weight or more from the viewpoint of sufficiently dispersing the domains of the thermoplastic polymer affecting the shutdown mechanism, and 50% by weight from the viewpoint of good dispersibility and strength maintenance of the thermoplastic polymer. % Or less.
[0017]
From the viewpoint of obtaining good battery performance, the thickness of the microporous membrane of the present invention comprising the polyolefin and the thermoplastic polymer is preferably 10 to 50 μm, more preferably 15 to 40 μm.
[0018]
The air permeability of the microporous membrane is 10 to 1000 seconds / 100 cc, preferably 100 to 800 seconds / 100 cc, and more preferably 150 to 750 seconds / 100 cc. By having an air permeability in this range, a good battery can be assembled without the electrolyte permeability, liquid retention, and electrical resistance being too high.
[0019]
Moreover, the porosity of the microporous membrane is preferably 30 to 70%, more preferably 35 to 65%. If the porosity is too large, for example, in the case of a lithium battery, short circuit of the battery is likely to occur due to lithium dendrite precipitation in an overcharged state, and clogging is likely to occur if the porosity is too small.
[0020]
The puncture strength of the microporous membrane is preferably 300 gf / 25 μm or more, and more preferably 400 gf / 25 μm or more from the viewpoint of preventing membrane breakage.
[0021]
The shutdown temperature of the microporous membrane is 140 ° C. or lower, preferably 138 ° C. or lower, at 100 Ω · cm 2 from the viewpoint of increasing electrical resistance early and suppressing battery temperature rise.
[0022]
The microporous membrane of the present invention is, for example, mixed with a polyolefin and a thermoplastic polymer with a solvent, formed into a sheet shape while kneading and heating and melting, then stretched in a uniaxial direction or more, and the solvent is extracted and removed. It can be manufactured by processing.
[0023]
The solvent is not particularly limited as long as it has excellent solubility of the polyolefin and the thermoplastic polymer, and examples thereof include aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbons such as nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, decalin, liquid paraffin, and the boiling point thereof. And a non-volatile solvent such as liquid paraffin is preferable.
[0024]
As a usage-amount of a solvent, it is preferable that it is 50 to 95 weight% of the resin composition which consists of polyolefin, a thermoplastic polymer, and a solvent, and it is more preferable that it is 50 to 90 weight%. The amount of the solvent used is preferably 50% by weight or more from the viewpoint of obtaining a microporous membrane having an appropriate and uniform pore size, and is 95% by weight or less from the viewpoint of necessity of maintaining stability and strength during production. Preferably there is.
[0025]
It should be noted that additives such as an antioxidant and an ultraviolet absorber can be added to the resin composition as necessary within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention.
[0026]
The step of kneading the resulting resin composition and forming it into a sheet can be performed by a commonly used known method. For example, the resin composition may be kneaded batch-wise using a Banbury mixer, a kneader, etc., then sandwiched between cooled metal plates and rapidly cooled to form a sheet-like molded product by rapid cooling crystallization. A sheet-like molded product may be obtained using an attached extruder or the like. Or you may knead | mix with a twin-screw extruder or a continuous kneading machine, and you may make a sheet | seat with the die | dye attached to the front-end | tip of a kneading machine.
[0027]
The kneading of the resin composition may be performed under appropriate temperature conditions and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 to 200 ° C, more preferably 115 to 185 ° C.
[0028]
When forming into a sheet shape, the sheet-like molded product coming out of an extruder or the like may be further rapidly cooled. At this time, it is more preferable to quench rapidly under the condition that the degree of supercooling (ΔT) is 20 ° C. or higher. By performing the quenching operation, the film strength can be further increased.
[0029]
In this way, a sheet-like molded product of the resin composition can be obtained. Here, the thickness of the sheet-like molded product is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 to 30 mm, and more preferably 5 to 25 mm.
[0030]
Next, the sheet-shaped molded product is stretched and desolvated. The stretching method is not particularly limited, and may be a normal tenter method, roll method, inflation method, or a combination of these methods, and any method such as uniaxial stretching or biaxial stretching may be used. Can also be applied. In the case of biaxial stretching, either longitudinal or transverse simultaneous stretching or sequential stretching may be used. Furthermore, in this invention, you may perform processes, such as rolling of a sheet-like molded object, before an extending | stretching process.
[0031]
It is preferable that the temperature of an extending | stretching process is 100-140 degreeC. The other well-known conditions used normally can be employ | adopted for other extending | stretching process conditions.
[0032]
The solvent removal treatment is a step of removing the solvent from the sheet-like molded product to form a microporous structure, and can be performed, for example, by washing the sheet-like molded product with a solvent to remove the remaining solvent. . Solvents include hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane and decane, chlorine hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and carbon tetrachloride, fluorinated hydrocarbons such as ethane trifluoride, ethers such as diethyl ether and dioxane, etc. A volatile solvent is mentioned, These can be used individually or in mixture of 2 or more types. The washing method using such a solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of extracting a solvent by immersing a sheet-like molded product in a solvent, a method of showering the solvent on the sheet-like molded product, and the like.
[0033]
In the present invention, the solvent removal treatment may be appropriately performed before and after stretching. For example, the sheet-shaped molding may be subjected to a solvent removal treatment and then subjected to a stretching treatment, or the sheet-shaped molding may be subjected to a stretching treatment as it is, and then the solvent removal processing may be performed. Alternatively, a mode in which the solvent removal treatment is performed before the stretching treatment, and the solvent removal treatment is performed again after the stretching treatment to remove the residual solvent may be employed.
[0034]
Next, the molded product having a microporous structure obtained by the above process is heat set. In the present invention, a known method such as fixing the film and passing it through a continuous hot stove can be used for the heat setting treatment.
[0035]
The microporous membrane of the present invention thus obtained has a moderate permeability and porosity, has a high membrane strength, a low shutdown temperature, and is safer, so that it can be used as a battery separator. It can be suitably used not only for applications but also for various filters, diaphragms for electrolytic capacitors, and the like.
[0036]
【Example】
Hereinafter, although an Example and a comparative example are given and demonstrated further in detail, this invention is not limited at all by this Example.
[0037]
Various characteristics are measured as follows.
[0038]
(1) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC peak temperature)
As the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), “DSC-200” (manufactured by Seiko Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used, and the temperature elevation rate was 10 ° C./min.
[0039]
(2) Melt flow rate (MFR)
The melt flow rate (MFR) was 190 ° C and 2.16 kgf based on JIS K7210.
[0040]
(3) Air permeability Measured by a method based on JIS P8117.
[0041]
(4) A microporous membrane whose porosity is to be measured is cut out into a circular shape with a diameter of 6 cm, its volume and weight are determined, and the obtained results are used for calculation.
[0042]
Porosity (%) = 100 × [volume (cm 3 ) −weight (g) / polyolefin density (g / cm 3 )] / volume (cm 3 )
[0043]
(5) Puncture strength The puncture strength is determined by performing a needle piercing test using a compression tester “KES-G5” manufactured by Kato Tech Co., Ltd., and reading the maximum load from the load displacement curve obtained by measurement. Value. A needle having a diameter of 1.0 mm and a radius of curvature of the tip of 0.75 mm was used at a speed of 2 cm / second.
[0044]
(6) Shutdown temperature (SD temperature)
For the measurement, a stainless steel (SUS) cell having a cylindrical test chamber of 25 mmφ, which can be sealed, is used. The platinum plate (thickness) is 20 mmφ for the lower electrode and 10 mmφ for the upper electrode. 1.0 mm) was used. A measurement sample punched out to 24 mmφ was immersed in an electrolytic solution, impregnated with the electrolytic solution, sandwiched between the electrodes, and set in the cell. A certain surface pressure was applied to the electrode by a spring provided in the cell. In addition, what melt | dissolved lithium borofluoride so that it might become a density | concentration of 1.0 mol / l in the solvent which mixed propylene carbonate and dimethoxyethane by the ratio of 1: 1 by the volume ratio was used for electrolyte solution.
[0045]
After connecting a thermocouple thermometer and a resistance meter to this cell, the cell was put into a 180 ° C. thermostat and the temperature and resistance inside the cell were measured. The average temperature increase rate from 100 to 150 ° C. was 10 ° C./min. By this measurement, the temperature when the internal resistance of the cell reached 100 Ω · cm 2 was taken as the SD temperature.
[0046]
Example 1
12 parts by weight of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 3 × 10 6 and 3 parts by weight of an olefinic thermoplastic elastomer (DSC peak temperature 115 ° C., MFR 1.2) (“TPE821” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) And 85 parts by weight of liquid paraffin were uniformly mixed in a slurry and dissolved and kneaded at a temperature of 160 ° C. for about 60 minutes using a small kneader. Thereafter, these kneaded materials were sandwiched between rolls or metal plates cooled to 0 ° C. and rapidly cooled into a sheet shape. These quenched and crystallized sheet-like resins are heat-pressed at a temperature of about 120 ° C. until the thickness of the sheet becomes 0.4 to 0.6 mm, and simultaneously at a temperature of about 120 ° C., the length and width are 3.5 × 3. The film was biaxially stretched 5 times, subjected to desolvation treatment using heptane, and then heat set (115 ° C., 10 minutes). A microporous film having a thickness of 25 μm and a porosity of 60% was obtained.
[0047]
Example 2
10 parts by weight of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 2 × 10 6 and 5 parts by weight of an olefin thermoplastic elastomer (DSC peak temperature 115 ° C., MFR 1.2) (“TPE821” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) Using 85 parts by weight of liquid paraffin, a film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a microporous film having a thickness of 25 μm and a porosity of 63%.
[0048]
Example 3
12 parts by weight of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 3 × 10 6 and 3 parts by weight of an olefin thermoplastic elastomer (DSC peak temperature 110 ° C., MFR 0.8) (“TPE824” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) Using 85 parts by weight of liquid paraffin, a film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a microporous film having a thickness of 25 μm and a porosity of 61%.
[0049]
Example 4 (Reference Example)
12 parts by weight of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 3 × 10 6 , 3 parts by weight of ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer (DSC peak temperature 108 ° C., MFR7) (“EMAA” manufactured by Mitsui DuPont) and liquid paraffin Using 85 parts by weight, a film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a microporous film having a thickness of 25 μm and a porosity of 55%.
[0050]
Comparative Example 1
12 parts by weight of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 3 × 10 6 and 3 parts by weight of olefinic thermoplastic elastomer (DSC peak temperature 152 ° C., MFR7) (“TPE907” manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) A membrane was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 85 parts by weight of paraffin was used, and a microporous membrane having a thickness of 25 μm and a porosity of 57% was obtained.
[0051]
Comparative Example 2
A film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 15 parts by weight of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 2 × 10 6 and 85 parts by weight of liquid paraffin were used, and had a thickness of 25 μm and a porosity of 61%. A microporous membrane was obtained.
[0052]
Comparative Example 3
12 parts by weight of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 3 × 10 6 , 3 parts by weight of polyolefin copolymer (DSC peak temperature 136 ° C., MFR20) (“Tuffmer BL7000” manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) and liquid paraffin A film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 85 parts by weight was used, and a microporous film having a thickness of 25 μm and a porosity of 58% was obtained.
[0053]
Comparative Example 4
11 parts by weight of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 3 × 10 6 and low molecular weight polyethylene (DSC peak temperature 126 ° C., high fluidity 140 ° C., 80 cps) (“High Wax 200P” manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) ) A film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4 parts by weight and 85 parts by weight of liquid paraffin were used, and a microporous film having a thickness of 25 μm and a porosity of 62% was obtained.
[0054]
Comparative Example 5
11 parts by weight of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 3 × 10 6 and 4 parts by weight of an amorphous thermoplastic elastomer (no DSC peak and not flowing) (“Septon 2005” manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.) And a microporous membrane having a thickness of 25 μm and a porosity of 55% was obtained except that 85 parts by weight of liquid paraffin was used.
[0055]
Table 1 shows the film thickness, air permeability, porosity, puncture strength, and SD temperature of the microporous membranes obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5.
[0056]
[Table 1]
[0057]
From the above results, all of the microporous membranes obtained in Examples 1 to 4 have moderate air permeability, porosity, high membrane strength, etc., compared with the microporous membranes obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 5. It can be seen that the SD temperature is lower than 140 ° C. while maintaining the characteristics.
[0058]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a safer microporous membrane having a low shutdown temperature while having an appropriate air permeability, porosity, and high membrane strength porosity as a separator for a secondary battery, etc. An effect is produced.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP00052299A JP4170490B2 (en) | 1999-01-05 | 1999-01-05 | Microporous membrane |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP00052299A JP4170490B2 (en) | 1999-01-05 | 1999-01-05 | Microporous membrane |
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| JP2000198873A JP2000198873A (en) | 2000-07-18 |
| JP4170490B2 true JP4170490B2 (en) | 2008-10-22 |
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| JP2657434B2 (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1997-09-24 | 東燃株式会社 | Polyethylene microporous membrane, method for producing the same, and battery separator using the same |
| JP3497569B2 (en) * | 1994-08-17 | 2004-02-16 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | Polyethylene microporous membrane for non-aqueous battery separator |
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