JP4170699B2 - Method for producing high purity adamantane - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing high-purity adamantanes. More specifically, the present invention relates to an industrial process for producing adamantanes with high yield by purifying adamantanes obtained by isomerizing trimethylene norbornane economically and without causing environmental impact. The present invention relates to an advantageous manufacturing method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Adamantane has a structure in which four cyclohexane rings are condensed into a cage shape, and is a highly symmetric and stable compound. Since adamantanes having such an adamantane skeleton exhibit unique functions, It is known to be useful as an agent, a raw material for agricultural pharmaceutical raw materials or highly functional industrial materials.
As a method for producing this adamantane, a method of isomerizing a tricyclic saturated hydrocarbon having 10 or more carbon atoms is generally employed.
In this isomerization reaction, aluminum chloride is generally used as a catalyst.
For example, adamantane can be obtained by catalytic isomerization of trimethylene norbornane (TMN) obtained by hydrogenating dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), and aluminum chloride is used industrially as the catalyst. .
As a solid catalyst, a catalyst obtained by supporting an active metal such as platinum, rhenium, nickel, cobalt on a cation-exchanged zeolite by an impregnation method is known (Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-2909).
[0003]
When adamantanes are produced using aluminum chloride as a catalyst, it is necessary to use a large amount of the catalyst, and the catalyst forms a complex with heavy components during the reaction and cannot be reused.
Therefore, when this method is used, a large amount of waste aluminum is generated, and this waste treatment causes a problem of environmental pollution.
Further, when aluminum chloride is used, since the produced adamantane is colored, there is a problem that a decoloring step using recrystallization, activated carbon or the like is necessary, and the post-treatment step is unavoidable.
On the other hand, in the method for producing adamantane using a catalyst in which an active metal such as platinum, rhenium, nickel, cobalt or the like is supported on a cation-exchanged zeolite, the problem in the case of using the aluminum chloride catalyst can be solved. There is no known industrial adamantane production method including product separation and purification treatment.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Under such circumstances, the present invention purifies adamantanes obtained by isomerizing trimethylene norbornane economically and with no environmental impact, and produces high-purity adamantanes with high yield. An object of the present invention is to provide an industrially advantageous production method.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have found that the object can be achieved by drying adamantanes washed with a washing solvent. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
That is, the present invention
(1) A method for producing adamantanes by isomerizing trimethylene norbornane to produce adamantanes having a liquid content of 5 to 50% by mass;
(2) The method for producing a high-purity adamantane according to the above (1), which is dried by one or more drying methods selected from a convection drying method, a radiation drying method and a conductive drying method.
(3) The method for producing high-purity adamantane according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the method is dried by a continuous method or a batch method.
(4) Production of high-purity adamantane according to any one of (1) to (3) above, which is dried at a pressure of 0.1 to 101 kPa and a temperature of (boiling point of washing solvent−50 ° C.) to the boiling point of the washing solvent. Method,
(5) The method for producing high-purity adamantane according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein drying is performed while stirring or vibrating.
Is to provide.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the method for producing high-purity adamantanes of the present invention, crude adamantanes obtained by separating adamantanes obtained using a solid catalyst by a washing step are used as a dry raw material.
The adamantane in the present invention is a hydrocarbon compound having an adamantane structure, and examples thereof include an adamantane alkyl-substituted product having a lower alkyl group such as a methyl group or an ethyl group in addition to adamantane.
As a synthetic raw material for the adamantane, a tricyclic saturated hydrocarbon compound having 10 or more carbon atoms can be used.
The tricyclic saturated hydrocarbon compound having 10 or more carbon atoms is particularly preferably a tricyclic saturated hydrocarbon having 10 to 15 carbon atoms, such as trimethylene norbornane [tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene], perhydroacenaphthene. Perhydrofluorene, perhydrophenalene, 1,2-cyclopentanoperhydronaphthalene, perhydroanthracene, perhydrophenanthrene, and the like. Furthermore, the alkyl substituted body of these compounds, for example, 9-methylperhydroanthracene, etc. are mentioned as a suitable thing.
[0007]
The tricyclic saturated hydrocarbon compound having 10 or more carbon atoms can be easily obtained by hydrogenating a raw material compound such as dicyclopentadiene or acenaphthene in the presence of a known hydrogenation catalyst such as Raney nickel or platinum. Obtainable.
As the solid catalyst used in the method of the present invention, for example, a zeolite exchanged with at least one metal ion selected from rare earth metals and alkaline earth metals, a catalyst in which platinum or rhenium is supported, or A type Zeolite, various zeolites such as L-type zeolite, X-type zeolite, Y-type zeolite and ZSM-5, metal oxides such as silica alumina, alumina and heteropolyacid, metals belonging to Groups 8 to 10 of the periodic table, Specific examples include a catalyst on which at least one metal selected from iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum and the like is supported.
[0008]
In the present invention, when the above-mentioned tricyclic saturated hydrocarbon compound having 10 or more carbon atoms is isomerized in the presence of the solid catalyst, the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon compound, aromatic compound, water and / or alcohols The reaction can be carried out in the presence of.
Here, examples of the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon compound to coexist include cyclopentane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, and the like.
In particular, cyclohexane or ethylcyclohexane or a mixture thereof is suitable.
Examples of aromatic compounds include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene and anthracene; oxygen-containing aromatic compounds such as phenol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol and anisole; aniline and nitrobenzene Nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds; halogen-containing aromatic compounds such as chlorobenzene and bromobenzene.
Among these aromatic compounds, aromatic hydrocarbon compounds such as benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene and anthracene are more preferable, and benzene is particularly preferable.
On the other hand, examples of alcohols include monohydric alcohols such as methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol, and polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol and glycerin.
[0009]
The addition amount of these coexisting compounds is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to various situations.
Regarding the reaction conditions for isomerizing a tricyclic saturated hydrocarbon compound having 10 or more carbon atoms using a solid catalyst, the reaction temperature is usually 150 to 500 ° C., preferably 200 to 400 ° C., and the reaction pressure. May be carried out at normal pressure or under pressure.
In this case, the reaction type may be a flow-through reactor or a batch reactor.
And when it carries out by a batch type, reaction time is about 1 to 50 hours.
This reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of hydrogen from the viewpoint of improving the yield of adamantanes.
[0010]
In the present invention, a crude adamantane is separated by a crystallization operation using the reaction product obtained by performing the isomerization reaction as described above as a crystallization raw material.
In the present invention, the concentration of adamantanes in the crystallization raw material is preferably about 10 to 40% by mass, and the temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is not lower than the temperature at which all adamantanes are dissolved.
When a reaction product solution having an adamantane concentration of less than 10% by mass is used as a crystallization raw material, it is preferable to perform concentration by distillation or the like in advance.
This is because if the concentration of adamantane is too low, the recovery efficiency of adamantane is lowered in the crystallization step.
On the other hand, if the concentration of adamantane is too high, the viscosity of the slurry at the time of crystallization increases, making operation difficult.
In the present invention, either cooling crystallization or evaporation crystallization can be employed as the crystallization operation, or both of them may be combined.
This crystallization operation can be carried out either continuously or batchwise.
[0011]
When the cooling crystallization is carried out continuously, the operating temperature is usually in the range of -20 to 50 ° C, preferably 0 to 30 ° C.
If this temperature is less than −20 ° C., a large amount of energy is consumed for cooling, and if it exceeds 50 ° C., the solubility of adamantanes is large, leading to a reduction in recovery efficiency.
Also when performing by a batch type, for the same reason, it is preferable that final temperature is -20-50 degreeC, It is good to adjust so that it may become 0-30 degreeC more preferably.
The crystallization liquid containing the precipitated adamantane is subjected to a solid-liquid separation process by a general method using a filter cloth, a sintered metal or the like, for example, vacuum filtration or centrifugation.
If adamantane having a target purity or higher cannot be obtained by a single crystallization operation, the obtained crystal can be dissolved in a general organic solvent and recrystallized.
When dissolving in the organic solvent, a solvent having low solubility of adamantanes is not preferable.
Examples of such a crystallization solvent, that is, an inappropriate organic solvent, include alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids.
[0012]
In the washing step after the solid-liquid separation according to the present invention, the wet cake (crude adamantanes) obtained by separating the liquid containing TMN, by-products and the like as unreacted raw materials is washed.
Here, the by-product means a hydrocarbon having 10 or more carbon atoms.
Since the wet cake contains TMN of unreacted raw materials and by-products, which are liquids, respectively, dehydration is performed in the solid-liquid separation step until the liquid content is industrially 5 to 50% by mass. .
If the liquid content is high, the washing efficiency of the wet cake is deteriorated, and if it is low, a large amount of time and energy are consumed to drain the liquid.
Examples of the operation in the washing step include substitution washing in which the solvent is permeated through the dehydrated wet cake, or a method in which the wet cake is slurried with a solvent and filtered.
As the washing solvent, one or more polar solvents selected from alcohols, ketones and carboxylic acids having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or lower can be used.
For example, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, acetic acid, carbon tetrachloride and the like can be mentioned.
The washing temperature is -20 to 50 ° C, preferably 0 to 30 ° C.
When performing substitution washing, the washing solvent is used in an amount of 10 to 300% by mass, preferably 20 to 100% by mass, based on the wet cake.
When the amount of the cleaning solvent to be used is increased, adamantanes are dissolved in the cleaning solvent, and the recovery efficiency of adamantane is deteriorated.
If the amount of the cleaning solvent used is small, the cleaning efficiency is poor and the purity of the adamantane is lowered.
When slurrying with a washing solvent, the washing solvent is 100 to 500% by mass, preferably 150 to 400% by mass, based on the wet cake.
When the amount of the washing solvent is large, adamantane is dissolved in the washing solvent, so that the recovery efficiency is deteriorated.
By the washing operation of the present invention, most of TMN and by-products that are unreacted raw materials in the wet cake can be removed.
The adamantane crystals obtained by the washing operation can be obtained by evaporating the attached washing solvent and drying, for example.
[0013]
In the drying step of the present invention, the adamantane crystals washed with the washing solvent are dried.
The washed adamantane crystals contain 5 to 50% by mass of a washing solvent or the like as a liquid content.
As described above, the cleaning solvent contained in the adamantane crystal is one or more polar solvents selected from alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or lower.
When the boiling point of the washing solvent exceeds 150 ° C., adamantanes are lost by sublimation or the like when the adamantane crystals are dried, resulting in a large loss.
The drying temperature ranges from (boiling point of washing solvent-50 ° C.) to the boiling point of washing solvent, preferably 20-60 ° C.
The drying pressure is in the range of 0.1 to 101 kPa (normal pressure), preferably 5 to 100 kPa.
Examples of the drying method include one or more drying methods selected from a convection (hot air) drying method, a radiation drying method, a conductive drying method, and a vacuum drying method.
Specifically, it can be carried out by irradiation with infrared rays or heat transfer with a jacket under a heated inert air flow or under reduced pressure.
Nitrogen, argon etc. are mentioned as an inert airflow. Moreover, a continuous method or a batch method can be employ | adopted for drying.
Furthermore, in the drying step, it is desirable to dry adamantanes while stirring or vibrating.
When drying is performed without stirring or shaking, crystals of adamantane may solidify and become difficult to handle.
By the drying as described above, the liquid content of the washing solvent for the adamantane crystals is usually reduced to 0 to 1% by mass.
[0014]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited at all by these examples.
Example 1
(1) Catalyst preparation step 235 g of sodium ion-exchanged Y-type zeolite (hereinafter referred to as NaY) is stirred and suspended in 2000 g of pure water, and a dilute nitric acid aqueous solution is added thereto to adjust the pH of the suspended slurry. Was set to 5.5.
Next, a solution obtained by dissolving 246 g of lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate in 500 g of warm water was gradually mixed with the suspension slurry.
Thereafter, the mixture was heated to 90 ° C. and stirred for 30 minutes, followed by filtration and washing, and then the washed cake was dried at 110 ° C. overnight and further calcined at 600 ° C. for 3 hours.
228 g of ammonium sulfate was added to a slurry obtained by stirring and suspending the calcined powder again in 2000 g of pure water, stirred at 95 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then washed by filtration.
This washed cake was suspended again in 2000 g of water, and the same ion exchange operation was continued twice.
Then, after drying at 110 ° C. overnight, this was placed in a tubular container and steamed at 510 ° C. for 30 minutes under 100% steam.
Subsequently, the obtained powder was suspended in 2000 g of pure water, 32 g of 25% by mass sulfuric acid was slowly added, and then heated at 95 ° C. for 30 minutes.
Then, after carrying out filtration washing | cleaning, this was again suspended in 2000 g of pure waters, 180 g of 1.71 mass% tetraammineplatinum chloride aqueous solution was added, and it stirred at 60 degreeC for 30 minutes.
This was filtered and washed, and then dried at 110 ° C. overnight to obtain a La-containing Y-type zeolite carrying 0.87% by mass of platinum by ion exchange.
[0015]
(2) Reaction Step 20 g of the catalyst obtained in the above (1) was filled in a stainless steel reaction tube and calcined at 300 ° C. for 3 hours in an air stream.
After purging with nitrogen, hydrogen reduction was performed at 300 ° C. for 2 hours under normal pressure and hydrogen stream.
Thereafter, supply of trimethylene norbornane (TMN) liquid and hydrogen was started, and isomerization reaction was continuously carried out under the conditions of 300 ° C., 5 MPa, WHSV 2.4 h ⁻¹ , hydrogen / TMN molar ratio 2.
The reaction product liquid was concentrated by a 15-stage atmospheric distillation at a tower bottom temperature of 180 ° C. until the adamantane concentration became 30% by mass.
[0016]
(3) Purification step The concentrated liquid obtained in the above (2) was used as a crystallization raw material, 300 g of it was charged in a flask, and stirred and dissolved at 120 ° C.
While continuing the stirring, the mixture was cooled to 10 ° C. and crystallized to obtain a slurry in which adamantane was precipitated. Next, this slurry was filtered through a 70 μm glass filter to obtain crude adamantane crystals.
As a result of analyzing the crude adamantane crystal by gas chromatography, the purity of the adamantane crystal was 80% by mass, and impurities were 15% by mass of unreacted TMN and 5% by mass of by-products.
To 75 g of crude adamantane crystals on a 70 μm filter, 75 g of isopropyl alcohol was added and washed by displacement by suction filtration.
As a result of analyzing the obtained adamantane crystal, the purity of the adamantane crystal was 83% by mass, and the impurities were 15% by mass of isopropyl alcohol, and 2% by mass of unreacted TMN and byproducts.
50 g of this washed adamantane crystal was charged into an eggplant flask, dried while rotating and stirring at a pressure of 25 kPa and 50 ° C. for 30 minutes, and returned to room temperature and normal pressure.
As a result of analyzing the dried adamantane crystal, the purity of the adamantane crystal was 98% by mass, and the impurities were 0.1% by mass of isopropyl alcohol, and 2% by mass of unreacted TMN and by-products. . The recovery rate of adamantane was 99% by mass.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method of the present invention, adamantanes obtained by isomerizing trimethylene norbornane are dried economically and without giving a load to the environment, and high-purity adamantanes are produced in high yield. Can be advantageously produced.

Claims (5)

A method for producing adamantanes by isomerizing trimethylene norbornane, wherein adamantane crystals having a liquid content of 5 to 50% by mass are dried while stirring or vibrating .   The method for producing a high-purity adamantane according to claim 1, wherein the drying is performed by one or more drying methods selected from a convection drying method, a radiation drying method, and a conductive drying method.   The method for producing a high-purity adamantane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drying is performed by a continuous method or a batch method. Pressure 0.1～101KPa, method for producing high-purity adamantanes according to claim 1, dried at a temperature of the boiling point of the (boiling point -50 ° C. in washing solvent) - washing solvent. The method for producing a high-purity adamantane according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein one or more polar solvents selected from alcohols, ketones and carboxylic acids having a boiling point of 150 ° C or lower are used as the washing solvent .