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JP4171779B2 - Method for producing oxide-dispersed steel - Google Patents
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JP4171779B2 - Method for producing oxide-dispersed steel - Google Patents

Method for producing oxide-dispersed steel Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4171779B2
JP4171779B2 JP05255698A JP5255698A JP4171779B2 JP 4171779 B2 JP4171779 B2 JP 4171779B2 JP 05255698 A JP05255698 A JP 05255698A JP 5255698 A JP5255698 A JP 5255698A JP 4171779 B2 JP4171779 B2 JP 4171779B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
oxide
steel
dispersed
molten steel
supercooling
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JPH11246929A (en
Inventor
宏 中嶋
史郎 鳥塚
兼彰 津崎
寿 長井
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National Institute for Materials Science
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National Institute for Materials Science
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この出願の発明は、酸化物分散鋼の製造方法に関するものである。さらに詳しくは、この出願の発明は、溶接熱影響部における結晶粒の粗大化を抑制することができ、靱性向上を可能にする酸化物分散鋼の製造する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術とその課題】
鋼を溶接した際、母材の溶接熱影響部(HAZ) には、粗大で針状のウィドマンステッテンフェライトが生成し、結晶粒が粗大化するという現象が見られる。このような溶接熱影響部での結晶粒粗大化を防止するための検討が、従来より加えられてきている。
【0003】
たとえば、鋼中に酸化物を分散させることが考えられており、所定粒径の酸化物粉末を溶鋼内に直接添加したり、又は金属粉末と混合し、ワイヤ状に加工した後に溶鋼内に添加するなどの方法が採られている。
しかしながら、これらいずれの方法の場合にも、溶鋼が凝固するまでに酸化物同士が合体、凝集し、2次粒子の形で粗大化してしまい、酸化物粒子を微細化することができず、また均一に分散させることもできないという問題があった。
【0004】
この出願の発明は、以上の通りの事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、微細な酸化物を鋼中に均一に分散させ、溶接熱影響部における結晶粒の粗大化を抑制することができ、靱性向上を可能にする酸化物分散鋼を製造するための方法を提供することを目的としている。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するものとして、この出願の発明は、酸化物あるいは弗化物の一方又は両方からなるスラグ中に溶鋼を配置して過冷却し、過冷却状態となった溶鋼から酸化物を晶出させ、粒子径1μm以下の酸化物が、分散密度1000〜100000個/mm2 で分散する酸化物分散鋼を製造することを特徴とする酸化物分散鋼の製造方法を提供する。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
この出願の発明の酸化物分散鋼の製造方法では、粒子径1μm以下の酸化物が、分散密度1000〜100000個/mm2 で分散している。ここで、酸化物の粒子径が1μm以下であるとの規定は、粒子が破壊の起点とならないことに基づいている。また、分散密度は、酸化物粒子が、鋼組織の粒の大きさにまで対応した状態、すなわち、およそ30μmに対応した状態で存在する1000個/mm2 以上から、酸化物の粒子間距離が1μm以上において凝集の可能性の低い場合の限界に対応する100000個/mm2 までの範囲と規定されている。
【0007】
この出願の発明の酸化物分散鋼は、SiO2 、Al2 3 、Na2 O等の酸化物あるいはCaF2 等の弗化物の一方又は両方からなるスラグ中に溶鋼を配置して過冷却し、過冷却状態となった溶鋼から酸化物を晶出させることにより製造される。
ここで言う過冷却状態とは、融液が融点以下の温度に保持された状態を意味し、過冷度は、材料の融点の1/5 を最大値とする。
【0008】
溶鋼の過冷却は、具体的には、スラグで溶鋼を包んで行ったり、又はスラグ内に溶鋼を流入しても行うことができる。このようにして過冷却される溶鋼の凝固速度は、急冷凝固よりも大きく、また、急冷凝固では達成できない凝固速度となる。その結果、溶鋼中には存在せず、凝固時に固相より溶鋼中に排出される酸素により生じる2次脱酸生成物である酸化物の凝集を防止でき、晶出する酸化物の粒径の増加が抑えられ、微細化する。同時に、酸化物の高密度分散を可能にする。分散密度は、急冷凝固法により得られる酸化物の分散密度の2倍以上にもなる。
【0009】
実際に、溶鋼を複数の酸化物からなるスラグで包み、90Kの過冷度とすることにより、溶鋼表面からの核生成が抑制され、凝固過程で発生する2次脱酸生成物の1種であるTi酸化物が粒径1μm以下で、かつ50000 個/mm2 以上の分散密度で分散する。
鋼の化学組成は特に限定的でなく、たとえば、質量%として、C、Si、Mn、P、及びSが、それぞれ、
C:0.8 %以下、 Si:0.5 %以下、 Mn:3.0 %以下、
P:0.02%以下、 S:0.02%以下
であり、Ti、Mg、又はAlの1種又は2種以上が単独又は混合体として0.3 %以下含有する鋼が例示される。残部はFe及び不可避的不純物とすることができる。この化学組成において、Ti、Mg、及びAlの濃度は、粒子径1μm以下、及び分散密度1000〜100000個/mm2 の分散状態に対応した量である。すなわち、粒子径1μmの酸化物が5μm間隔以内で分散することのできる量として具体的に例示される。
【0010】
もちろん、この化学組成には、各種特性を発現させ、酸化物の粒径及び分散を悪化させない程度に、他の成分を所定量添加配合することができる。
このように微細な酸化物が均一に分散した酸化物分散鋼は、これを母材とし、溶接する場合に、溶接熱影響部(HAZ) において、分散した酸化物が核となってフェライトの生成を促進し、結晶粒の粗大化を防止する。こうして、粗大で針状のウィドマンステッテンフェライトの生成が抑制され、母材の機械的特性が良好に保持されて靱性向上が可能になる。溶接構造材として十分に使用にたえ得る。
【0011】
以下、実施例を示し、この出願の発明の酸化物分散鋼の製造方法についてさらに詳しく説明する。
【0012】
【実施例】
表1に示す組成の元素種を含有する鋼を、SiO2 、Al2 3 、及びNa2 O(SiO2 :95%、Al2 3 :4%、Na2 O:1%)からなる混合酸化物粉末内に埋設した。
【0013】
【表1】

Figure 0004171779
【0014】
次いで、無酸化雰囲気中で誘導炉や抵抗加熱によって溶解し、図1に示したように、ガラス状混合酸化物のスラグ(1)で溶鋼(2)を包み込んだ。そして、液相線温度(50℃)以上に加熱して1次脱酸生成物がスラグ(1)に吸着されるまで静置した。1次脱酸生成物とは、溶鋼中の酸素により生成し、溶鋼中にすでに存在する酸化物を言う。
【0015】
なお、図1図中の符号3は熱電対、4は坩堝、5は黒鉛ヒータを示している。
このようにしてガラス状混合酸化物のスラグ(1)に包まれた溶鋼(2)をこのままの状態で冷却し、過冷却状態とした。溶鋼(2)の過冷度は90Kとした。図2は、温度履歴を示したグラフである。
なお、過冷度が十分とならない場合には、凝固と溶解を繰り返し、凝固核となる1次脱酸生成物をスラグ(1)に十分に吸着させ、過冷度の増大を図ることができる。
【0016】
このような過冷凝固を行った材料では、凝固速度は、
R=0.1 *(ΔT)2
(R:凝固速度(cm/s)、ΔT:過冷度(K) )
と示される。したがって、過冷度が90Kの場合には、810cm/s の凝固速度が得られる。この凝固速度では、厚さ10mmの鋳片も0.0012s で凝固する。このため、2次脱酸生成物である酸化物は、凝固晶出後凝集する時間が著しく短くなり、図3の電子顕微鏡写真に示したように、粒子径が1μm以下で、分散密度80000 個/mm2 となった。微細な酸化物が高密度に分散した。この図3に示した電子顕微鏡写真は、凝固した鋳片の断面を研磨し、さらに表層の金属を2〜10μm電解研磨した後に走査型電子顕微鏡により観察、撮影したものである。
【0017】
過冷凝固した鋳片を次いで900 ℃に加熱し、完全にγ化した後に、図4に示したように、鋳片(6)を750 ℃において歪速度10/sで50%圧縮加工し、10℃/sの速度で冷却した。加工領域(7)では、フェライト粒径が10μm以下のフェライト−パーライト鋼が得られた。図中の符号8はアンビルである。
次いで図5に示したように、このフェライト−パーライト鋼から供試片(9)を切り出し、これを高周波コイル(10)を用いて1400℃に100 ℃/sの速度で加熱した後に、900 ℃まで50℃/s、さらに300 ℃まで10〜30℃/sの速度で冷却し、溶接時に生じる熱影響部を再現した。
【0018】
供試片(9)の溶接再現組織は、図6の光学顕微鏡写真に示したように、全体としてほぼ均一なフェライト粒からなっていた。十分な靱性を有することが確認される。この図6に示した光学顕微鏡写真は、供試片(9)の断面を研磨した後に、ナイタール(硝酸+アルコール、濃度:1〜3%)で腐食させて光学顕微鏡で観察、撮影したものである。
【0019】
以上の比較例として、表1に示した化学組成と同一の化学組成を有する鋼を溶解し、ガラス状の混合酸化物に包まずにそのまま冷却し、過冷却が生じない状態で凝固させた。鋳片の電子顕微鏡写真を示したのが図7である。この図7の電子顕微鏡写真から確認されるように、酸化物粒子は微細でなく、しかも分散状態は均一でなかった。
【0020】
凝固した鋳片に、図4及び図5に例示したのと同じ圧縮加工及び加熱処理を行った。供試片の溶接再現組織は、図8に示したように、不均一で、粗大かつ針状のフェライトからなっていた。このような組織では、材料の靱性は低く、溶接構造材料には不適当である。
もちろんこの出願の発明は、以上の実施例によって限定されるものではない。鋼の化学組成、過冷却条件等の細部については様々な態様が可能であることは言うまでもない。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上詳しく説明した通り、この出願の発明によって、微細な酸化物が高密度で均一に分散した酸化物分散鋼が提供される。溶接熱影響部における結晶粒の粗大化を抑制することができ、靱性向上を可能にする。この出願の発明の酸化物分散鋼は、溶接構造材として十分に使用にたえ得る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】溶鋼の生成及び過冷凝固について示した装置図である。
【図2】溶鋼の生成及び過冷凝固の際の温度履歴を示した図である。
【図3】過冷凝固した鋳片の組織を示した図面に代わる電子顕微鏡写真である。
【図4】圧縮加工の概念図である。
【図5】溶接熱影響部の再現について示した概念図である。
【図6】供試片の溶接熱影響部の組織を示した図面に代わる光学顕微鏡写真である。
【図7】比較例における凝固した鋳片の組織を示した図面に代わる電子顕微鏡写真である。
【図8】比較例における供試片の溶接熱影響部の組織を示した図面に代わる光学顕微鏡写真である。
【符号の説明】
1 スラグ
2 溶鋼
3 熱電対
4 坩堝
5 黒鉛ヒータ
6 鋳片
7 加工領域
8 供試片
9 アンビル
10 高周波コイル[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention of this application relates to a method for producing oxide-dispersed steel . More specifically, the invention of this application relates to a method for manufacturing oxide-dispersed steel that can suppress the coarsening of crystal grains in the weld heat affected zone and can improve toughness.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
When steel is welded, a phenomenon is observed in which coarse, needle-shaped Widmanstatten ferrite is formed in the weld heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the base metal and the crystal grains become coarse. Studies for preventing the coarsening of the crystal grains in the weld heat affected zone have been conventionally added.
[0003]
For example, it is considered to disperse oxides in steel, and oxide powder with a predetermined particle size is added directly into molten steel, or mixed with metal powder and processed into a wire shape and then added into molten steel The method of doing is taken.
However, in any of these methods, the oxides coalesce and agglomerate until the molten steel solidifies, and coarsen in the form of secondary particles, and the oxide particles cannot be refined. There was a problem that it could not be uniformly dispersed.
[0004]
The invention of this application has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, fine oxides can be uniformly dispersed in steel, and coarsening of crystal grains in the weld heat affected zone can be suppressed, It is an object to provide a method for producing oxide-dispersed steel that can improve toughness.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention of this application is that the molten steel is placed in a slag made of one or both of oxides and fluorides and supercooled, and the oxide is crystallized from the supercooled molten steel. There is provided a method for producing oxide-dispersed steel, characterized by producing oxide-dispersed steel in which an oxide having a particle diameter of 1 μm or less is dispersed at a dispersion density of 1000 to 100,000 particles / mm 2 .
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the method for producing oxide-dispersed steel of the invention of this application, oxides having a particle size of 1 μm or less are dispersed at a dispersion density of 1000 to 100,000 pieces / mm 2 . Here, the definition that the particle diameter of the oxide is 1 μm or less is based on the fact that the particles do not serve as a starting point of destruction. Further, the dispersion density is such that the oxide particles have a distance corresponding to the grain size of the steel structure, that is, 1000 particles / mm 2 or more existing in a state corresponding to about 30 μm, and the distance between the oxide particles is It is defined as a range up to 100000 pieces / mm 2 corresponding to the limit when the possibility of aggregation is low at 1 μm or more.
[0007]
The oxide-dispersed steel of the present invention is supercooled by placing molten steel in a slag made of one or both of oxides such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and Na 2 O and fluorides such as CaF 2. It is manufactured by crystallizing an oxide from molten steel in a supercooled state.
The supercooled state here means a state in which the melt is maintained at a temperature lower than the melting point, and the supercooling degree has a maximum value of 1/5 of the melting point of the material.
[0008]
Specifically, the supercooling of the molten steel can be performed by wrapping the molten steel with slag or by flowing the molten steel into the slag. The solidification rate of the molten steel thus supercooled is larger than that of rapid solidification and becomes a solidification rate that cannot be achieved by rapid solidification. As a result, agglomeration of the oxide, which is a secondary deoxidation product that does not exist in the molten steel and is caused by oxygen discharged from the solid phase into the molten steel during solidification, can be prevented. The increase is suppressed and miniaturization occurs. At the same time, high density dispersion of the oxide is possible. The dispersion density is more than twice the dispersion density of the oxide obtained by the rapid solidification method.
[0009]
In fact, by wrapping molten steel with slag composed of multiple oxides and making it a supercooling degree of 90K, nucleation from the molten steel surface is suppressed, and it is a kind of secondary deoxidation product generated in the solidification process. A certain Ti oxide is dispersed with a particle size of 1 μm or less and a dispersion density of 50000 pieces / mm 2 or more.
The chemical composition of the steel is not particularly limited. For example, as mass%, C, Si, Mn, P, and S are respectively
C: 0.8% or less, Si: 0.5% or less, Mn: 3.0% or less,
Examples of the steel include P: 0.02% or less, S: 0.02% or less, and one or more of Ti, Mg, or Al contained alone or as a mixture in an amount of 0.3% or less. The balance can be Fe and inevitable impurities. In this chemical composition, the concentrations of Ti, Mg, and Al are amounts corresponding to a dispersion state with a particle diameter of 1 μm or less and a dispersion density of 1000 to 100,000 particles / mm 2 . That is, it is specifically exemplified as an amount capable of dispersing an oxide having a particle diameter of 1 μm within an interval of 5 μm.
[0010]
Of course, in this chemical composition, other components can be added and blended in a predetermined amount to the extent that various characteristics are expressed and the particle size and dispersion of the oxide are not deteriorated.
Oxide-dispersed steel, in which fine oxides are uniformly dispersed in this way, is used as a base material, and when welding is performed, in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), the dispersed oxide serves as a nucleus to produce ferrite. To prevent crystal grain coarsening. Thus, the formation of coarse and needle-like Widmanstatten ferrite is suppressed, the mechanical properties of the base material are well maintained, and the toughness can be improved. It can be fully used as a welded structural material.
[0011]
Hereinafter, an Example is shown and it demonstrates further in detail about the manufacturing method of the oxide dispersion | distribution steel of invention of this application.
[0012]
【Example】
The steel containing element species having the composition shown in Table 1, SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, and Na 2 O consisting of (SiO 2: 1% 95% , Al 2 O 3:: 4%, Na 2 O) Embedded in the mixed oxide powder.
[0013]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004171779
[0014]
Subsequently, it melt | dissolved by the induction furnace or resistance heating in non-oxidizing atmosphere, and as shown in FIG. 1, the molten steel (2) was wrapped with the slag (1) of glassy mixed oxide. And it heated above liquidus temperature (50 degreeC) or more, and it left still until a primary deoxidation product was adsorbed by slag (1). The primary deoxidation product is an oxide that is generated by oxygen in molten steel and is already present in the molten steel.
[0015]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 3 indicates a thermocouple, 4 indicates a crucible, and 5 indicates a graphite heater.
In this way, the molten steel (2) wrapped in the glassy mixed oxide slag (1) was cooled as it was to obtain a supercooled state. The supercooling degree of the molten steel (2) was 90K. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the temperature history.
If the degree of supercooling is not sufficient, solidification and dissolution are repeated, and the primary deoxidation product that becomes a solidification nucleus is sufficiently adsorbed on the slag (1), thereby increasing the degree of supercooling. .
[0016]
For materials that have undergone such supercooling solidification, the solidification rate is
R = 0.1 * (ΔT) 2
(R: solidification rate (cm / s), ΔT: degree of supercooling (K))
It is indicated. Therefore, when the degree of supercooling is 90K, a solidification rate of 810 cm / s is obtained. At this solidification rate, a 10 mm thick slab solidifies in 0.0012 s. For this reason, the oxide which is the secondary deoxidation product has a remarkably short aggregation time after solidification and crystallization, and as shown in the electron micrograph of FIG. 3, the particle diameter is 1 μm or less and the dispersion density is 80000. / Mm 2 Fine oxide was dispersed with high density. The electron micrograph shown in FIG. 3 is obtained by observing and photographing with a scanning electron microscope after polishing the cross section of the solidified slab and further polishing the surface metal with 2 to 10 μm.
[0017]
The undercooled and solidified slab was then heated to 900 ° C. and completely γ-formed, and as shown in FIG. 4, the slab (6) was subjected to 50% compression processing at 750 ° C. at a strain rate of 10 / s, Cooling was performed at a rate of 10 ° C / s. In the processed region (7), ferrite-pearlite steel having a ferrite particle size of 10 μm or less was obtained. Reference numeral 8 in the figure is an anvil.
Next, as shown in FIG. 5, a test piece (9) was cut out from this ferrite-pearlite steel, and this was heated to 1400 ° C. at a rate of 100 ° C./s using a high frequency coil (10). It was cooled at a rate of 10 to 30 ° C./s up to 50 ° C./s, and further up to 300 ° C., and the heat affected zone produced during welding was reproduced.
[0018]
As shown in the optical micrograph of FIG. 6, the weld reproduction structure of the specimen (9) consisted of substantially uniform ferrite grains as a whole. It is confirmed that it has sufficient toughness. The optical micrograph shown in FIG. 6 was obtained by observing and photographing with an optical microscope after polishing the cross section of the specimen (9), corroding it with nital (nitric acid + alcohol, concentration: 1 to 3%). is there.
[0019]
As a comparative example described above, steel having the same chemical composition as shown in Table 1 was melted and cooled as it was without being wrapped in a glassy mixed oxide, and solidified in a state where no supercooling occurred. FIG. 7 shows an electron micrograph of the slab. As confirmed from the electron micrograph of FIG. 7, the oxide particles were not fine and the dispersed state was not uniform.
[0020]
The solidified slab was subjected to the same compression processing and heat treatment as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. As shown in FIG. 8, the weld reproduction structure of the test piece was non-uniform, consisting of coarse and acicular ferrite. In such a structure, the toughness of the material is low and unsuitable for welded structural materials.
Of course, the invention of this application is not limited to the above embodiments. It goes without saying that various aspects are possible for details such as the chemical composition of steel and the supercooling conditions.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, the invention of this application provides an oxide-dispersed steel in which fine oxides are uniformly dispersed at a high density. The coarsening of crystal grains in the weld heat affected zone can be suppressed, and toughness can be improved. The oxide-dispersed steel of the invention of this application can be sufficiently used as a welded structural material.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an apparatus diagram showing generation of molten steel and supercooling solidification.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a temperature history during molten steel generation and undercooling solidification.
FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph in place of a drawing showing the structure of a supercooled and solidified slab.
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of compression processing.
FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing reproduction of a welding heat affected zone.
FIG. 6 is an optical micrograph in place of a drawing showing the structure of the weld heat affected zone of the specimen.
FIG. 7 is an electron micrograph in place of a drawing showing the structure of a solidified slab in a comparative example.
FIG. 8 is an optical micrograph in place of a drawing showing the structure of the weld heat affected zone of a test piece in a comparative example.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Slag 2 Molten steel 3 Thermocouple 4 Crucible 5 Graphite heater 6 Slab 7 Processing area 8 Test piece 9 Anvil 10 High frequency coil

Claims (3)

酸化物あるいは弗化物の一方又は両方からなるスラグ中に溶鋼を配置して過冷却し、過冷却状態となった溶鋼から酸化物を晶出させ、粒子径1μm以下の酸化物が、分散密度1000〜100000個/mm2 で分散する酸化物分散鋼を製造することを特徴とする酸化物分散鋼の製造方法。The molten steel is placed in a slag composed of one or both of oxide and fluoride and supercooled, and the oxide is crystallized from the supercooled molten steel. A method for producing oxide-dispersed steel, comprising producing oxide-dispersed steel dispersed at ~ 100,000 pieces / mm 2 . スラグで溶鋼を包んで過冷却する請求項記載の酸化物分散鋼の製造方法。Method of manufacturing an oxide dispersion steel as claimed in claim 1 wherein the supercooling wrapped molten steel slag. スラグ内に溶鋼を流入して過冷却する請求項記載の酸化物分散鋼の製造方法。Method of manufacturing an oxide dispersion steel as claimed in claim 1 wherein the supercooling and flows molten steel into the slag.
JP05255698A 1998-03-04 1998-03-04 Method for producing oxide-dispersed steel Expired - Lifetime JP4171779B2 (en)

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JP3538613B2 (en) * 1999-02-25 2004-06-14 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 Steel thick wall material with excellent weldability and its manufacturing method
JP4599770B2 (en) * 2001-07-10 2010-12-15 Jfeスチール株式会社 Welded structural steel with excellent low temperature toughness
JP7135525B2 (en) * 2018-07-18 2022-09-13 日本製鉄株式会社 Method for producing fine oxide-dispersed metal lumps

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