JP4177541B2 - Billet continuous casting method and slab - Google Patents
Billet continuous casting method and slab Download PDFInfo
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- JP4177541B2 JP4177541B2 JP2000164317A JP2000164317A JP4177541B2 JP 4177541 B2 JP4177541 B2 JP 4177541B2 JP 2000164317 A JP2000164317 A JP 2000164317A JP 2000164317 A JP2000164317 A JP 2000164317A JP 4177541 B2 JP4177541 B2 JP 4177541B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ビレットの連続鋳造において、軽圧下を行い偏析を改善する際に、ビレットでの適正圧下位置を求める技術に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
鉄鋼業においては、省エネルギーを目的に20数年前から連続鋳造による鋳片の製造を行ってきた。
【0003】
連続鋳造で問題になる点の一つは、鋳片中心部に濃化溶鋼が集積するいわゆる中心偏析である。偏析部分の不純物の濃度が高いときには、例えばビレットやブルームから製造した線材の場合には、鋼線に伸線する際に、鋼材の硬さが部分的に異なることにより破断が生じたりする。
【0004】
鋳片の中心偏析の発生傾向は、鋼成分のうち特に炭素濃度が高くなると顕著になる。その理由は、炭素濃度が高いと、ビレットから線材を製造する際に初析セメンタイトやミクロマルテンサイトが生じ、この初析セメンタイトやミクロマルテンサイトが存在すると、それらを起点として伸線中に割れが生じ、断線にいたるためである。
【0005】
従来は、連続鋳造でブルームを製造し、引き続いて分塊圧延で断面サイズを減少させた後に線材圧延に供していた。該ブルームの連続鋳造に際しては、鋳造中に軽圧下を行うことによって中心偏析を低減する対策を講じていた。ブルームの連続鋳造においては、軽圧下の際に10対以上のロールを用いて圧下を行っており、軽圧下のための設備費及びそのメンテナンス等に多大の労力と時間を要していた。
【0006】
最近では、省エネルギー、省工程の目的で、連続鋳造で小断面のビレットを直接鋳造し、その後の分塊工程を省略し、ビレットを直接線材圧延して線材を製造するプロセスが導入されてきている。また、連続鋳造で製造したビレットにおいても、偏析を軽減し、高級鋼に供するニーズも高まりつつある。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ビレットの連続鋳造機においては、ブルーム連続鋳造機と異なり、ロールの本数が極めて少ないというのが特徴である。従って、ビレット連続鋳造機で鋳片の軽圧下を行う場合には、ブルームの場合のように多数のロールを用いて軽圧下を行おうとすると、軽圧下のために多数のロールを増設することが必要となり、そのための設備費及びそれに付随する整備費が多額となり、コンパクトであるというビレット連続鋳造機の特徴が失われることとなる。
【0008】
一方、ビレット連続鋳造における軽圧下を少数のロールのみにおいて行おうとすると、鋳造中常に軽圧下すべき鋳片部位をこの軽圧下ロール部分に保持しておくことが必須となる。軽圧下すべき鋳造部位は、通常は凝固シェルの厚さや鋳片中心固相率によって定められる。実際の軽圧下位置がこのように定められた軽圧下すべき位置と一致していることを確かめつつ鋳造を行わないと、適切な軽圧下による品質の安定向上は得られない。
【0009】
本発明は、ビレット連続鋳造機において、軽圧下を行う際に充分な偏析改善効果を得られるような適正軽圧下位置を凝固挙動より求める方法とその確認方法及びこのようにして製造した鋳片を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明の要旨とするところは以下のとおりである。
(1)断面の一辺が150mm以下の角ビレットの連続鋳造方法において、鋳造中に軽圧下を行い、鋳片断面における内部割れの位置を計測し、内部割れの鋳片表面側先端位置で表されるシェル厚(S1)と鋳片厚さ(D)との比S1/Dが0.16から0.38の範囲となるように軽圧下開始位置を定めることを特徴とする連続鋳造方法。
(2)鋳型内メニスカスから軽圧下終了位置までの鋳片に沿った距離L2が下記式(1)で表されることを特徴とする上記(1)に記載の連続鋳造方法。
L2<Vc×(0.43×D/K)2 (1)
ここで、Vcは鋳造速度、Kは凝固係数である。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
連続鋳造機内における未凝固鋳片は、凝固過程において凝固完了部が凝固収縮を起こし、そのために鋳片中心部の未凝固溶鋼には連続鋳造機の下流側に向かって引き込み流が発生する。凝固途中の固液共存相内の液相側界面には炭素等の不純物元素が濃化しており、その濃化溶鋼が上記引き込み流によって引き込まれ、そのまま凝固し、不純物が濃化した偏析の粒として鋳片中心部に残存する。このような中心偏析を有する鋳片を線材に圧延し、更に線材伸線を行うと、線材伸線中に断線を発生させる原因となる。連続鋳造中における軽圧下の役目は、このような引き込み流を抑えるべく、凝固途中の鋳片をロールによって圧下して固液共存相内の流動を抑制、もしくは上流側への流れに転じさせて偏析流を分散させることにある。
【0012】
鋳片の軽圧下は、凝固進行中の適切な位置において行う必要がある。あまり早い位置での軽圧下、即ち上面側と下面側の凝固殻の先端がぶつかりブリッジングができる前の状態で軽圧下を行っても偏析を分散させることはできないし、逆に遅すぎる位置での軽圧下、即ち偏析粒が形成した後に軽圧下を行っても偏析を制御することは不可能である。少数のロールによる軽圧下、即ち軽圧下帯の長さが非常に短い場合には、適正な圧下位置に軽圧下帯を置くためには鋳片内の凝固状態を正確に知り、その情報に基づいて鋳造条件を調整することが重要である。
【0013】
未凝固鋳片を軽圧下した場合、鋳片には線材での有害欠陥にならない程度の軽微な内部割れが発生する。本発明者は、軽圧下によって生じる上記内部割れが凝固状態を知る手がかりとして有用であると考えた。軽圧下によって発生する内部割れは、未凝固鋳片をロールで圧下する際に生じる凝固殻への歪みによって発生する。歪み部に割れが発生し、この割れの中に固液界面の濃化溶鋼が浸入することにより、凝固完了後の断面において内部割れとして認識される。内部割れ部位において、濃化溶鋼は実際の成分濃化を考慮して計算される固相率が1となる温度の点まで達すると考えられており、この温度は鋼種によって決まる値である。
【0014】
複数のロールを用いて軽圧下を行う場合には、内部割れは鋳片厚み方向に長さを有する。内部割れの鋳片表面側先端位置が、軽圧下開始時のロールによって生じた内部割れ位置である。従って、内部割れ発生位置によって軽圧下条件を定めるための凝固状態を表す指標とする場合、内部割れの鋳片表面側先端位置を軽圧下開始位置における内部割れ位置とした。
【0015】
内部割れは、軽圧下によって発生するだけでなく、連続鋳造中のビレットの曲げ戻し矯正位置においても時により小さな内部割れが発生する。軽圧下による内部割れが鋳片の上下面の両方に発生するのに対し、矯正による内部割れは鋳片の上面側にのみ発生する。従って、軽圧下での内部割れの識別のために鋳片の上面と下面にほぼ対象に発生している内部割れを軽圧下で生じた内部割れとした。
【0016】
内部割れの位置が偏析形成と関係があることを定量的にイメージするために以下のようなモデルを検討した。軽圧下実施位置を鋳型内メニスカス位置からの鋳片に沿った距離で表す。メニスカス位置からの距離で、軽圧下開始位置(m)をL1、軽圧下終了位置(m)をL2とする。
【0017】
本発明においては、「凝固殻厚み」とは固相率が1となる位置と鋳片表面との間の距離をいうものとする。軽圧下開始位置での凝固殻厚みをS1(mm)、軽圧下終了位置での凝固殻厚みをS2(mm)とすると、残溶鋼の厚みは各位置でD−2×S1、D−2×S2となる。そこで、軽圧下を実施している間に凝固する溶鋼の量Vは、
V=(L1−L2)×{(D−2×S1)2−(D−2×S2)2} (2)
軽圧下でR(mm)だけ圧下するとすると、圧下により押し出される量Qは、
Q=(L1−L2)×R/2×{(D−2×S1)+(D−2×S2)} (3)
凝固時の体積収縮率をr(%)とすると、
r×V=Q (4)
であれば、理論的には収縮した体積量と軽圧下で押し出される量が同じになるので、溶鋼流動が抑制される。V偏析は収縮時の流動により生成するので、即ち(4)式が成立すればV偏析ができない。
【0018】
この関係を用いて、かつ、x=D−2×S (5) とすると、次の関係が求まる。
(L1−L2)(x1−x2){r(x1−x2)−R/2}=0 (6)
これから、圧下量とシェル厚の関係は次のようになる。
R=r(x1−x2)×2 (7)
また、y=S/D (8)とすると、
R/D=4r(y2−y1) (9)
の関係が求まる。
【0019】
また、鋳片の凝固殻厚を次式に従うとして、
S=K×(L/Vc)1/2 (10)
とすると、
R/D=4×r/D×K/Vc1/2×(L11/2−L21/2) (11)
また、
R/D=4×r/D×(S11/2−(S1×(L2/L1)1/2)1/2) (12)
【0020】
この関係式から、軽圧下の入り側と出側の凝固殻厚みが決まると鋳片の厚みに応じて実際に鋳片にかかる必要圧下量が求まることになる。
【0021】
しかし、実際に鋳片にかかる必要圧下量を求めることは実験的にはかなり困難である。なぜならば、実際に鋳片を圧下しても、ロールのガタ等もあり、かつ固まっている凝固殻も圧延されるため、実際にシェル厚がつぶれる量の測定は難しいためである。
【0022】
そこで、ロールの圧下量を10mm程度として、かつ軽圧下位置は一定にして、鋳造速度や二次冷却水量を変化させて軽圧下に入る凝固厚みを変化させて鋳片の中央部に形成した偏析粒径との関係を調べた。
【0023】
鋳片断面における内部割れの鋳片表面側先端位置で表されるシェル厚(S1)とビレットの断面に見られる偏析粒径との関係について測定を行った結果を図1に示す。図1の場合において、鋳片厚みDは120mm、軽圧下帯の長さは1.4mである。この図から内部割れの位置が決まれば偏析粒径が決まることがわかった。
【0024】
即ち、偏析粒径の許容値にもよるが、線材での成績で偏析粒径が3mm以下が良好とすると、鋳片サイズが120mmとしたときにはS1(内部割れの鋳片表面側先端位置で表されるシェル厚)が20mm〜45mmで偏析粒径が満足することになり、S1/Dの値では0.16から0.38程度の範囲での圧下が有効であることがわかる。
【0025】
また、図1より明らかなように、軽圧下入り側における凝固殻厚み(S1)が20mm以下の場合には偏析粒径が大きくなるという結果が得られた。図1の場合には、S/Dが0.16前後の値で決まる中心固相率の場合にV偏析を抑制して、偏析粒を分散できると考えられる。また、本実験結果ではS/Dの値が0.16の場合にもっとも(9)式で決まる実効の圧下量Rに近い値で実際に圧下して収縮時の流動を最小化していると考えられる。S/Dの値がこれ以下の場合には(9)式で決まる必要圧下量は更に小さい値になる。即ち、圧下量は同じ鋳造であるので、必要以上に圧下して残溶鋼を上流側に絞り出したような圧下状態になり、偏析は悪化したと考えられる。
【0026】
次に軽圧下帯の必要長さを検討した。上記の実験では軽圧下帯の長さは1.4mとしたが、別の実験では軽圧下帯の長さは0.7mでも偏析粒径の減少効果が認められた。ただし、この場合には偏析粒径は図1に比べて1mm程度増加した。即ち、軽圧下帯の長さを長くすれば偏析粒径は小さく出来るが、凝固が進むと中心の固相率が大きくなるので、或る固相率以上の鋳片位置では軽圧下の効果は無くなることになる。そこで更なる実験として、軽圧下帯の出側近傍のロールを圧下に使用した場合と使用しなかった場合の実験結果を比較検討したところ、軽圧下出側の凝固殻厚みがS2/Dで0.43以上になると偏析粒径に影響を与えないことがわかった。即ち、S/Dが0.43以上の領域を軽圧下しても偏析粒径は小さくならず軽圧下する意味が無い。
【0027】
以上の検討において、軽圧下出側の凝固殻厚みS2は以下のように求めた。即ち、軽圧下入り側で生成した内部割れ位置から軽圧下入り側の凝固殻厚みS1を定め、軽圧下入り側位置L1とS1及び鋳造速度Vcとから凝固係数Kを求める。次いで、軽圧下出側位置L2、K、Vcから出側位置での凝固殻厚みS2を求めたものである。
【0028】
従って、軽圧下出側の凝固殻厚みがS2/Dで0.43未満とするためには、軽圧下入り側で生成した内部割れ位置から軽圧下入り側の凝固殻厚みS1を定め、軽圧下入り側位置L1とS1及び鋳造速度Vcとから凝固係数Kを求めた上で、次式(13)によってL2を定めれば良いことになる。
L2<Vc×(0.43×D/K)2 (13)
尚、L2の値は当然L1より大きく、効果の有る軽圧下帯の長さの最小値は実験より0.7mで有ることから、
L2>L1+0.7(m)
である。
【0029】
このように、軽圧下に起因する内部割れの鋳片内における位置がわかれば、凝固の後では検出されない軽圧下位置での凝固の状態がわかり、これにより、線材での製品成績を満足する条件を容易に設定できることがわかった。また、定常的に鋳片の内部割れ位置をチェックすれば、内部割れ位置が大きく変化した際にそれをキャッチすることができ、例えば二次冷却のノズルを点検するなどの操業監視にも有効である。その鋳片が適正な条件で軽圧下されているか否かを判定することも可能であることがわかった。
【0030】
鋳片内における内部割れの位置は、鋳造方向に平行な縦断面、もしくは鋳造方向に垂直な断面を採取してその面を研磨後、ピクリン酸系の腐食液で腐食するか、もしくはサルファープリントを採取して内部割れを顕在化することにより計測することができる。
【0031】
なお、線材の製品成績を満足させる観点からは、あまり大きな内部割れは中心偏析同様に線材での欠陥となり得るので、一つの内部割れは大きくても10mm以下にするように圧下量や凝固殻厚みを調整することが必要である。
【0032】
更に、(9)式によるとS/Dの値を同じにすれば、S/Dの値は同じになる。また、鋳片サイズがそれほど大きく異ならない場合には、中心固相率もほぼS/Dの値が決まると鋳片サイズに関わらずにほぼ同じ値になると考えられる。従って、S/Dの適正値は鋳片サイズに関わらずに120mmでの値とほぼ同じになると考えて良い。
【0033】
本発明が鋳片サイズを断面の一辺が150mm以下の角ビレットに限定している理由はこれ以下の鋳片では上記の関係が成り立つと考えられる範囲であることと、分塊圧延を省略して直接線材圧延出来るサイズであることによる。
【0034】
【実施例】
表1に実施例を示す。
【0035】
【表1】
【0036】
ビレットサイズが120mmの場合、S1/Dが0.16〜0.38で偏析粒径は3.5mm以下であり、線材の成績も満足するものであった。また、実施例のNo.4と5に比較したように、計算した出側の凝固殻厚みについてのS2/Dが0.43でも0.45でも変化がなかった。このことは、S2/Dは0.43で充分である。
【0037】
加えて、ビレットサイズが100mmの場合と150mmの場合も同じ実験を行ったが、120mmの場合と同様にS1/Dが0.16〜0.38で偏析粒径は3.5mm以下であり、線材の成績も満足するものであった。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
凝固中の目に見えない鋳片の挙動を内部割れ位置を測定することで可視化でき、軽圧下の適正条件を容易に把握できる。加えて、ビレットの断面の内部割れ位置を確認することで、偏析が適正に制御されていることを確認できる。更に、線材圧延後にも製品で問題にならない程度の内部割れの痕跡を断面でチェックすることでロットの健全性を確認できる可能性もある。このように分塊工程を通らないビレット連続鋳造機で偏析を制御でき、無駄なエネルギーを使用せずに線材を製造することが可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】軽圧下入り側凝固殻厚みと最大偏析粒径との関係を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique for obtaining an appropriate reduction position at a billet when light reduction is performed to improve segregation in continuous casting of the billet.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the steel industry, slabs have been produced by continuous casting for the purpose of energy saving for over 20 years.
[0003]
One of the problems in continuous casting is so-called center segregation in which concentrated molten steel accumulates in the center of the slab. When the concentration of impurities in the segregated portion is high, for example, in the case of a wire manufactured from billet or bloom, when the wire is drawn into a steel wire, the steel material is partially different in hardness and thus breaks.
[0004]
The tendency of occurrence of center segregation in the slab becomes remarkable when the carbon concentration is particularly high among the steel components. The reason for this is that when the carbon concentration is high, pro-eutectoid cementite and micro-martensite are produced when producing wire from billets. If this pro-eutectoid cementite and micro-martensite are present, cracks will be generated during wire drawing starting from them. This is due to the occurrence of disconnection.
[0005]
Conventionally, blooms were produced by continuous casting, and subsequently subjected to wire rod rolling after the sectional size was reduced by split rolling. In continuous casting of the bloom, measures have been taken to reduce center segregation by performing light reduction during casting. In bloom continuous casting, rolling is performed using 10 or more pairs of rolls during light rolling, and much labor and time are required for equipment costs for light rolling and maintenance thereof.
[0006]
Recently, for the purpose of energy saving and process saving, a process has been introduced in which a billet having a small cross section is directly cast by continuous casting, the subsequent lump process is omitted, and the billet is directly wire-rolled to produce a wire. . In addition, the billet manufactured by continuous casting also has a growing need for reducing segregation and providing it to high-grade steel.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The billet continuous casting machine is characterized in that the number of rolls is extremely small, unlike the bloom continuous casting machine. Therefore, when lightly reducing a slab with a billet continuous casting machine, if a large number of rolls are used to perform light reduction as in the case of Bloom, a large number of rolls may be added for light reduction. This is necessary, and the equipment cost and the maintenance cost associated therewith are large, and the feature of the billet continuous casting machine that it is compact is lost.
[0008]
On the other hand, if light reduction in billet continuous casting is to be performed with only a small number of rolls, it is essential to keep the slab portion that should always be lightly reduced during casting in the light reduction roll portion. The casting site to be lightly reduced is usually determined by the thickness of the solidified shell and the solid phase ratio at the center of the slab. Unless the casting is performed while confirming that the actual light reduction position coincides with the position where the light reduction should be performed in this way, stable improvement in quality due to appropriate light reduction cannot be obtained.
[0009]
In the billet continuous casting machine, the present invention provides a method for determining an appropriate light reduction position from solidification behavior so as to obtain a sufficient segregation improvement effect when performing light reduction, a method for confirming the same, and a slab produced in this manner. The purpose is to provide.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) In the continuous casting method of a square billet with a side of a cross section of 150 mm or less, light reduction is performed during casting, the position of the internal crack in the cross section of the slab is measured, and it is represented by the tip position on the slab surface side of the internal crack. A continuous casting method characterized in that a light reduction start position is determined so that a ratio S1 / D of a shell thickness (S1) to a slab thickness (D) is in a range of 0.16 to 0.38.
(2) The continuous casting method as described in (1) above, wherein the distance L2 along the slab from the meniscus in the mold to the end point of light reduction is represented by the following formula (1).
L2 <Vc × (0.43 × D / K) 2 (1)
Here, Vc is a casting speed and K is a solidification coefficient .
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The unsolidified slab in the continuous casting machine undergoes solidification shrinkage in the solidification completed part during the solidification process, and therefore, a drawn flow is generated in the unsolidified molten steel at the center of the slab toward the downstream side of the continuous casting machine. Impurity elements such as carbon are concentrated at the liquid phase side interface in the solid-liquid coexisting phase in the middle of solidification, and the concentrated molten steel is drawn in by the drawing flow, solidified as it is, and segregated grains in which the impurities are concentrated Remains in the center of the slab. If a slab having such a central segregation is rolled into a wire and further drawn, it causes breakage during wire drawing. The role of light pressure during continuous casting is to suppress the entrainment flow by pressing the slab in the middle of solidification with a roll to suppress the flow in the solid-liquid coexisting phase or to shift to the upstream flow. The purpose is to disperse the segregated flow.
[0012]
It is necessary to lightly reduce the slab at an appropriate position during solidification. Segregation cannot be dispersed even if light pressure is applied at a very early position, that is, before the tips of the solidified shells on the upper surface side and the lower surface side collide and bridging is performed, and on the contrary, at a position that is too late. It is impossible to control the segregation even if the light pressure is reduced, that is, the light pressure is reduced after the segregated grains are formed. When light rolling by a small number of rolls, that is, when the length of the light rolling belt is very short, in order to place the light rolling belt at an appropriate rolling position, the solidification state in the slab is accurately known and based on that information. It is important to adjust the casting conditions.
[0013]
When the unsolidified slab is lightly reduced, a slight internal crack is generated in the slab so as not to cause a harmful defect in the wire. The present inventor considered that the internal crack generated by light pressure is useful as a clue to know the solidified state. Internal cracks that occur due to light reduction are caused by strain on the solidified shell that occurs when the unsolidified slab is reduced with a roll. Cracks occur in the strained part, and the concentrated molten steel at the solid-liquid interface enters the cracks, which are recognized as internal cracks in the cross-section after completion of solidification. At the internal crack site, it is considered that the concentrated molten steel reaches a temperature point at which the solid phase ratio calculated in consideration of the actual component concentration becomes 1, and this temperature is a value determined by the steel type.
[0014]
When light rolling is performed using a plurality of rolls, the internal crack has a length in the slab thickness direction. The tip position on the slab surface side of the internal crack is the internal crack position caused by the roll at the start of light reduction. Therefore, when using it as the index showing the solidification state for determining the light reduction condition by the internal crack occurrence position, the tip position on the slab surface side of the internal crack is set as the internal crack position at the light reduction start position.
[0015]
Internal cracks are not only caused by light pressure, but sometimes small internal cracks are also generated at the position where the billet is bent back during continuous casting. While internal cracks due to light pressure occur on both the upper and lower surfaces of the slab, internal cracks due to correction occur only on the upper surface side of the slab. Therefore, in order to identify the internal cracks under light pressure, the internal cracks that occurred almost on the upper and lower surfaces of the slab were regarded as internal cracks generated under light pressure.
[0016]
In order to quantitatively imagine that the location of internal cracks is related to segregation formation, the following model was examined. The light reduction execution position is represented by the distance along the slab from the in-mold meniscus position. Based on the distance from the meniscus position, the light pressure reduction start position (m) is L1, and the light pressure reduction end position (m) is L2.
[0017]
In the present invention, the “solidified shell thickness” refers to the distance between the position where the solid fraction is 1 and the slab surface. If the solidified shell thickness at the light reduction start position is S1 (mm) and the solidification shell thickness at the light reduction end position is S2 (mm), the thickness of the residual molten steel is D-2 × S1, D-2 × at each position. S2. Therefore, the amount V of molten steel that solidifies during light reduction is
V = (L1-L2) * {(D-2 * S1) 2- (D-2 * S2) 2 } (2)
When the pressure is reduced by R (mm) under light pressure, the amount Q pushed out by the reduction is
Q = (L1-L2) * R / 2 * {(D-2 * S1) + (D-2 * S2)} (3)
If the volume shrinkage during solidification is r (%),
r × V = Q (4)
If so, theoretically, the contracted volume and the amount extruded under a light pressure are the same, so that the molten steel flow is suppressed. V segregation is generated by the flow during contraction, that is, V segregation cannot be achieved if equation (4) holds.
[0018]
If this relationship is used and x = D−2 × S (5), the following relationship is obtained.
(L1-L2) (x1-x2) {r (x1-x2) -R / 2} = 0 (6)
From this, the relationship between the amount of reduction and the shell thickness is as follows.
R = r (x1-x2) × 2 (7)
If y = S / D (8),
R / D = 4r (y2-y1) (9)
The relationship is obtained.
[0019]
Also, assuming the solidified shell thickness of the slab according to the following formula:
S = K × (L / Vc) 1/2 (10)
Then,
R / D = 4 × r / D × K / Vc 1/2 × (L1 1/2 −L2 1/2 ) (11)
Also,
R / D = 4 × r / D × (S1 1/2 − (S1 × (L2 / L1) 1/2 ) 1/2 ) (12)
[0020]
From this relational expression, if the thickness of the solidified shell on the entry side and the exit side under light pressure is determined, the necessary reduction amount actually applied to the slab can be obtained according to the thickness of the slab.
[0021]
However, it is quite difficult experimentally to obtain the required reduction amount actually applied to the slab. This is because even if the slab is actually squeezed, there is a backlash of the roll, and the solidified shell that has been hardened is rolled, so that it is difficult to actually measure the amount of collapse of the shell thickness.
[0022]
Therefore, the segregation formed at the center of the slab by changing the casting thickness and the amount of secondary cooling water to change the solidification thickness that enters the light pressure by changing the casting speed and the amount of secondary cooling water, with the roll reduction amount being about 10 mm. The relationship with particle size was investigated.
[0023]
FIG. 1 shows the result of measurement of the relationship between the shell thickness (S1) represented by the tip position on the slab surface side of the internal crack in the cross section of the slab and the segregated particle size seen in the cross section of the billet. In the case of FIG. 1, the slab thickness D is 120 mm, and the length of the lightly pressed belt is 1.4 m. From this figure, it was found that the segregated particle size was determined if the position of the internal crack was determined.
[0024]
That is, depending on the allowable value of the segregation particle size, if the segregation particle size is 3 mm or less as a result of the wire, the slab size is 120 mm. It can be seen that the segregated particle size is satisfied when the shell thickness is 20 mm to 45 mm, and the reduction in the range of about 0.16 to 0.38 is effective for the value of S1 / D.
[0025]
Further, as apparent from FIG. 1, when the thickness of the solidified shell (S1) on the light pressure entry side is 20 mm or less, the segregated particle size was increased. In the case of FIG. 1, it is considered that the segregated grains can be dispersed by suppressing the V segregation when the S / D is a central solid phase ratio determined by a value of around 0.16. Further, in this experimental result, when the value of S / D is 0.16, it is considered that the flow at the time of contraction is minimized by actually reducing the value by the value close to the effective reduction amount R determined by the equation (9). It is done. When the value of S / D is less than this, the required reduction amount determined by the equation (9) becomes a smaller value. That is, since the amount of reduction is the same casting, it is considered that the segregation has deteriorated because the reduction is more than necessary and the residual molten steel is squeezed out to the upstream side.
[0026]
Next, the required length of the light pressure zone was examined. In the above experiment, the length of the light pressure belt was 1.4 m, but in another experiment, the segregation particle size reduction effect was recognized even when the light pressure belt length was 0.7 m. However, in this case, the segregated particle diameter increased by about 1 mm compared to FIG. In other words, the segregation particle size can be reduced by increasing the length of the light pressure zone, but the solid phase ratio at the center increases as solidification progresses. It will be gone. Therefore, as a further experiment, a comparison was made of the experimental results when the roll near the outlet side of the light pressure lowering zone was used and when the roll was not used. As a result, the solidified shell thickness on the light pressure lowering side was 0 in S2 / D. It was found that when it was .43 or more, the segregated particle size was not affected. That is, even if the S / D is 0.43 or higher, the segregated particle size is not reduced and there is no meaning to lightly reduce.
[0027]
In the above examination, the solidified shell thickness S2 on the light pressure lowering side was determined as follows. That is, the solidified shell thickness S1 on the light pressure entry side is determined from the internal crack position generated on the light pressure entry side, and the solidification coefficient K is obtained from the light pressure entry side positions L1 and S1 and the casting speed Vc. Next, the solidified shell thickness S2 at the outlet position is obtained from the light pressure outlet side positions L2, K, and Vc.
[0028]
Therefore, in order to make the solidified shell thickness on the light pressure lowering side less than 0.43 in S2 / D, the solidified shell thickness S1 on the light pressure lowering side is determined from the internal crack position generated on the light pressure lowering side, After obtaining the solidification coefficient K from the entry side positions L1 and S1 and the casting speed Vc, L2 may be determined by the following equation (13).
L2 <Vc × (0.43 × D / K) 2 (13)
In addition, since the value of L2 is naturally larger than L1, and the minimum value of the length of the effective light pressure belt is 0.7 m from the experiment,
L2> L1 + 0.7 (m)
It is.
[0029]
In this way, if the position in the slab of internal cracks caused by light reduction is known, the state of solidification at the light reduction position that is not detected after solidification can be found, thereby satisfying the product results with the wire rod It was found that can be set easily. Also, if the internal crack position of the slab is checked regularly, it can be caught when the internal crack position changes greatly. For example, it is effective for operation monitoring such as checking the secondary cooling nozzle. is there. It has been found that it is also possible to determine whether or not the slab is lightly reduced under appropriate conditions.
[0030]
The position of the internal crack in the slab is taken by taking a longitudinal section parallel to the casting direction or a section perpendicular to the casting direction and polishing the surface, and then corroding with a picric acid-based corrosive solution, or applying a sulfur print. It can be measured by collecting and revealing internal cracks.
[0031]
From the viewpoint of satisfying the product performance of the wire, too large internal cracks can cause defects in the wire as well as central segregation. It is necessary to adjust.
[0032]
Further, according to the equation (9), if the S / D value is made the same, the S / D value becomes the same. In addition, when the slab size is not so different, it is considered that the central solid phase ratio is substantially the same regardless of the slab size when the value of S / D is determined. Therefore, it can be considered that the appropriate value of S / D is almost the same as the value at 120 mm regardless of the slab size.
[0033]
The reason why the present invention limits the slab size to a square billet with one side of the cross section being 150 mm or less is that the above relationship is considered to hold in the slabs below this, and omits the ingot rolling. It depends on the size that can be rolled directly.
[0034]
【Example】
Table 1 shows examples.
[0035]
[Table 1]
[0036]
When the billet size was 120 mm, S1 / D was 0.16 to 0.38, the segregated particle size was 3.5 mm or less, and the results of the wire were satisfactory. Moreover, No. of an Example. As compared with 4 and 5, there was no change when S2 / D for the calculated outlet solidified shell thickness was 0.43 or 0.45. This means that S2 / D of 0.43 is sufficient.
[0037]
In addition, the same experiment was performed when the billet size was 100 mm and 150 mm, but the S1 / D was 0.16 to 0.38 and the segregated particle size was 3.5 mm or less as in the case of 120 mm. The results of the wire were also satisfactory.
[0038]
【The invention's effect】
The behavior of invisible slabs during solidification can be visualized by measuring the internal crack position, and the appropriate conditions under light pressure can be easily grasped. In addition, it is possible to confirm that segregation is properly controlled by confirming the internal crack position of the billet cross section. Furthermore, there is a possibility that the soundness of the lot can be confirmed by checking the cross section of traces of internal cracks that do not cause a problem in the product even after the wire rod rolling. In this way, segregation can be controlled by a billet continuous casting machine that does not pass through the lump process, and it is possible to produce a wire without using wasted energy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of a solidified shell under light pressure and the maximum segregation particle size.
Claims (2)
L2<Vc×(0.43×D/K)2 (1)
ここで、Vcは鋳造速度、Kは凝固係数である。2. The continuous casting method according to claim 1, wherein a distance L <b> 2 along the slab from the in-mold meniscus to the light rolling end position is represented by the following formula (1).
L2 <Vc × (0.43 × D / K) 2 (1)
Here, Vc is a casting speed and K is a solidification coefficient.
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| CN107000045A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2017-08-01 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | The continuous casing of steel |
| CN107000045B (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2019-04-26 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Continuous casting method of steel |
| US10543527B2 (en) | 2014-12-24 | 2020-01-28 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Continuous steel casting method |
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