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JP4178927B2 - Osteoporosis preventive agent - Google Patents
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JP4178927B2 - Osteoporosis preventive agent - Google Patents

Osteoporosis preventive agent Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4178927B2
JP4178927B2 JP2002349039A JP2002349039A JP4178927B2 JP 4178927 B2 JP4178927 B2 JP 4178927B2 JP 2002349039 A JP2002349039 A JP 2002349039A JP 2002349039 A JP2002349039 A JP 2002349039A JP 4178927 B2 JP4178927 B2 JP 4178927B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
oligosaccharide
xylo
osteoporosis
acidic
acid
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JP2002349039A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2004182621A (en
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烈王 小久保
可也 泉
ふじ子 志塚
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New Oji Paper Co Ltd
Oji Holdings Corp
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Oji Holdings Corp
Oji Paper Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、食品、医薬部外品及び医薬品分野に於いて使用される新規な骨粗鬆症予防剤に関する。より詳細には、優れた生理活性を有し、しかも安全性の高い骨粗鬆症予防剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
高齢化社会の到来に伴い、骨粗鬆症の問題がクローズアップされている。現在、日本には1,000万人以上の骨粗鬆症患者がいると推定されており、その70%が女性である。一般的に、骨量は青壮年期に最大となった後、老化に伴い男女ともに減少してゆく。特に、閉経後の女性の骨量は速やかに減少し、最終的に骨の半分近くを失うとされている。男性の場合でも、骨粗鬆症は60歳過ぎから徐々に増え、70歳以上では10人に4人が骨粗鬆症になると言われている。従って、予防的な観点から言えば、適度な運動やバランスのとれた食生活により、青壮年期までに骨量を出来る限り増大させておくことが必要である。しかしながら、現在の若者の食生活におけるカルシウム摂取量が慢性的に不足していることに加えて、ダイエットブームが拍車をかけ、近年、10代及び20代における骨粗鬆症が新たな問題となってきている。
【0003】
骨粗鬆症の90%以上は原発性と言われ、明らかな発症原因は分かっていない。しかし、閉経後や、病気で子宮や卵巣を切除した女性の骨量減少が激しいことから、女性ホルモンとの関係が重要であることが分かっている。そのため、ホルモン補充療法や女性ホルモン類似物質が治療に使われ、骨代謝の調節ホルモンであるカルシトニンや、骨吸収を抑制する薬剤であるビスフォスフォネート等が治療薬として用いられているが、効果が不十分であることに加え、副作用の問題がある。特に、10代及び20代における骨粗鬆症対策としては、副作用のない予防剤の開発が望まれている。
【0004】
骨粗鬆症の予防のためには、高カルシウムの食事だけでなく、カルシウムの吸収を助けるビタミンDや納豆などに含まれるビタミンKなどが重要視されているが、様々な食品に応用でき、また家庭でも手軽に摂取できるような、安全で効果の高いカルシウム吸収補助剤としての骨粗鬆症予防剤が期待されている。(非特許文献1、非特許文献2参照)
【0005】
すでに、カルシウムの吸収を助ける成分として、ガラクトオリゴ糖やフラクトオリゴ糖が知られており(非特許文献3参照)、ガラクトオリゴ糖(特許文献1,2参照)や、フラクトオリゴ糖などの難消化性少糖類を有効成分とするカルシウム吸収促進剤(特許文献3参照)が提案されている。また、ラクチュロースオリゴ糖を有効成分とするミネラル吸収促進剤(特許文献4参照)や、ラクトシュークロース(特許文献5参照)、N−アセチルノイラミン酸結合オリゴ糖(特許文献6参照)、トレハロースを有効成分とする抗骨粗鬆症剤(特許文献7参照)について報告があるが、酸性キシロオリゴ糖に該効果があるという報告はない。
【0006】
オリゴ糖以外ではペプチドを有効成分とするもの(例えば特許文献8,9参照)、植物抽出物をもちいるもの(例えば特許文献10,11,12参照)、ビタミンKを強化した食品(例えば特許文献13,14)など多数報告がある。
【0007】
なお、酸性キシロオリゴ糖の生理効果に関しては、水耕栽培に於けるスギ挿穂の発根促進効果の記載(非特許文献4参照)があるが、骨粗鬆症予防剤に関する開示はなされていない。
【0008】
【非特許文献1】
日本臨床社発行、「骨粗鬆症」(日本臨床増刊号)p1-6,(2002年)
【非特許文献2】
Medical Practice Vol.19,No.10,1609-1615 (2002)
【非特許文献3】
日本栄養・食料学会誌、44巻、P287−291、1991年
【非特許文献4】
セルラーゼ研究会発行、セルラーゼ研究会報第16巻、2001年6月14日発行、P17-26
【特許文献1】
特開平4−134031
【特許文献2】
特開平6−205654
【特許文献3】
特開平7−252156
【特許文献4】
特開平6−205653
【特許文献5】
特開平7−33668
【特許文献6】
特開平7−316177
【特許文献7】
特開2000−38343
【特許文献8】
特開平5−000965
【特許文献9】
特開平5−178758
【特許文献10】
特開平6−340542
【特許文献11】
特開平6−183985
【特許文献12】
特開2000−053576
【特許文献13】
特開平11−196820
【特許文献14】
特開平10−056959
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明に於いては、骨生成促進効果に優れ、かつ安全性及び安定性が高く、骨粗鬆症の予防薬として人体に適用可能な骨粗鬆症予防剤を提供することを目的とした。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の事情に鑑み、キシロオリゴ糖の有効利用並びに骨粗鬆症予防効果の高い骨粗鬆症予防剤について鋭意研究した結果、ウロン酸残基を有する酸性キシロオリゴ糖に高い骨粗鬆症予防作用を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0011】
本発明は以下の構成を採用する。即ち、本発明の第1は、「キシロオリゴ糖分子中にウロン酸残基を有する酸性キシロオリゴ糖を有効成分とする骨粗鬆症予防剤」である。
【0012】
本発明の第2は、前記第1発明において、該酸性キシロオリゴ糖はキシロースの重合度が異なるオリゴ糖の混合組成物であり、平均重合度が2.0〜15.0であることを特徴とする骨粗鬆症予防剤である。
【0013】
本発明の第3は、前記第1または第2の発明において、前記酸性キシロオリゴ糖が、「リグノセルロース材料を酵素的及び/又は物理化学的に処理してキシロオリゴ糖成分とリグニン成分の複合体を得、次いで該複合体を酸加水分解処理してキシロオリゴ糖混合物を得、得られるキシロオリゴ糖混合物から、1分子中に少なくとも1つ以上のウロン酸残基を側鎖として有するキシロオリゴ糖を分離して得たもの」であることを特徴とする骨粗鬆症予防剤である。
【0014】
本発明の第4は、前記第1〜第3の発明において、ウロン酸がグルクロン酸もしくは4-O-メチル-グルクロン酸であることを特徴とする骨粗鬆症予防剤である。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の構成について詳述する。キシロオリゴ糖とは、キシロースの2量体であるキシロビオース、3量体であるキシロトリオース、あるいは4量体〜20量体程度のキシロースの重合体を言う。本発明で使用する酸性キシロオリゴ糖とは、キシロオリゴ糖1分子中に少なくとも1つ以上のウロン酸残基を有するものを言う。
また、キシロースの重合度が異なるオリゴ糖の混合組成物であっても良い。一般的には、天然物から製造するために、このような組成物として得られることが多く、以下、主として酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物について説明する。
該組成物は、平均重合度で示す数値は正規分布をとる酸性キシロオリゴ糖のキシロース鎖長の平均値で、2.0〜15.0が好ましく、8.0〜12.0がより好ましい。キシロース鎖長の上限と下限との差は10以下が好ましく、2〜8がより好ましい。ウロン酸は天然では、ペクチン、ペクチン酸、アルギン酸、ヒアルロン酸、ヘパリン、コンドロイチン硫酸、デルタマン硫酸等の種々の生理活性を持つ多糖の構成成分として知られている。本発明におけるウロン酸としては特に限定されないが、グルクロン酸もしくは4-O-メチル-グルクロン酸が好ましい。
【0016】
上記のような酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物を得ることが出来れば、その製法は特に限定されないが、(1)木材からキシランを抽出し、それを酵素的に分解する方法(前記非特許文献4参照)と、(2)リグノセルロース材料を酵素的及び/又は物理化学的に処理してキシロオリゴ糖成分とリグニン成分の複合体を得、次いで該複合体を酸加水分解処理してキシロオリゴ糖混合物を得、得られるキシロオリゴ糖混合物から、1分子中に少なくとも1つ以上のウロン酸残基を側鎖として有するキシロオリゴ糖を分離する方法が挙げられる。
特に、(2)の方法が5〜10量体のように比較的高い重合度のものを大量に安価に製造することが可能である点で好ましく、以下にその概要を示す。
【0017】
酸性オリゴ糖組成物は、化学パルプ由来のリグノセルロース材料を原料とし、加水分解工程、濃縮工程、希酸処理工程、精製工程を経て得ることができる。加水分解工程では、希酸処理、高温高圧の水蒸気(蒸煮・爆砕)処理もしくは、ヘミセルラーゼによってリグノセルロース中のキシランを選択的に加水分解し、キシロオリゴ糖とリグニンからなる高分子量の複合体を中間体として得る。濃縮工程では逆浸透膜等により、キシロオリゴ糖−リグニン様物質複合体が濃縮され、低重合度のオリゴ糖や低分子の夾雑物などを除去することができる。濃縮工程は逆浸透膜を用いることが好ましいが、限外濾過膜、塩析、透析などでも可能である。得られた濃縮液の希酸処理工程により、複合体からリグニン様物質が遊離し、酸性キシロオリゴ糖と中性キシロオリゴ糖を含む希酸処理液を得ることができる。この時、複合体から切り離されたリグニン様物質は酸性下で縮合し沈殿するのでセラミックフィルターや濾紙などを用いたろ過等により除去することができる。希酸処理工程では、酸による加水分解を用いることが好ましいが、リグニン分解酵素などを用いた酵素分解などでも可能である。
【0018】
精製工程は、限外濾過工程、脱色工程、吸着工程からなる。一部のリグニン様物質は可溶性高分子として溶液中に残存するが、限外濾過工程で除去され、着色物質等の夾雑物は活性炭を用いた脱色工程によってそのほとんどが取り除かれる。限外濾過工程は限外濾過膜を用いることが好ましいが、逆浸透膜、塩析、透析などでも可能である。こうして得られた糖液中には酸性キシロオリゴ糖と中性キシロオリゴ糖が溶解している。イオン交換樹脂を用いた吸着工程により、この糖液から酸性キシロオリゴ糖のみを取り出すことができる。糖液をまず強陽イオン交換樹脂にて処理し、糖液中の金属イオンを除去する。ついで強陰イオン交換樹脂を用いて糖液中の硫酸イオンなどを除去する。この工程では、硫酸イオンの除去と同時に弱酸である有機酸の一部と着色成分の除去も同時に行っている。強陰イオン交換樹脂で処理された糖液はもう一度強陽イオン交換樹脂で処理し更に金属イオンを除去する。最後に弱陰イオン交換樹脂で処理し、酸性キシロオリゴ糖を樹脂に吸着させる。
【0019】
樹脂に吸着した酸性オリゴ糖を、低濃度の塩(NaCl、CaCl2、KCl、MgCl2など)によって溶出させることにより、夾雑物を含まない酸性キシロオリゴ糖溶液を得ることができる。この溶液を、例えば、スプレードライや凍結乾燥処理により、白色の酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物の粉末を得ることができる。
【0020】
化学パルプ由来のリグノセルロースを原料とし、キシロオリゴ糖とリグニンからなる高分子量の複合体を中間体とした酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物の上記製造法のメリットは、経済性とキシロースの平均重合度の高い酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物が容易に得られる点にある。平均重合度は、例えば、希酸処理条件を調節するか、再度ヘミセルラーゼで処理することによって変えることが可能である。また、弱陰イオン交換樹脂溶出時に用いる溶出液の塩濃度を変化させることによって、1分子あたりに結合するウロン酸残基の数が異なる酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物を得ることもできる。さらに、適当なキシラナーゼ、ヘミセルラーゼを作用させることによってウロン酸結合部位が末端に限定された酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物を得ることも可能である。
【0021】
このようにして得られた酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物は、通常水に溶解して骨粗鬆症治療剤に含有させることができるが、必要に応じ、キシロオリゴ糖組成物以外の成分、例えばグルコース、マルトース、フルクトース、スクロース、ソルビトール、キシリトールなどの糖質、L-ロイシン、L−リジン、L−バリン、L−アラニンなどのアミノ酸、塩酸チアミンや塩酸ピリドキシン、パントテン酸カルシウム、ニコチン酸アミドなどのビタミン類、また通常の骨粗鬆症の治療に使われる乳酸カルシウムや、リン酸水素カルシウムなどのカルシウム剤、またビタミンDやビタミンKなどを同時に含有させることが出来る。またレシチンなどを用いたマイクロカプセルに含有させても良い。骨粗鬆症治療剤に於ける酸性キシロオリゴ糖または、酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物の含有率としては、0.001〜20%(以下全て質量%)の範囲で使用することができるが、0.01〜10%がより好ましい。
【0022】
本発明の酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物を配合した骨粗鬆症予防剤は、顆粒剤、カプセル剤、錠剤、粉末剤、飲料などの形態をとることが出来る。また更に、他の食品に配合したり、そのまま食することも可能である。配合する場合の配合割合については特に制限はないが、摂取が過剰となるとおなかが緩くなる場合があるので、1日10g以下、好ましくは1g程度とすべきである。また、オリゴ糖の摂取によって整腸作用も期待できる。
【0023】
【実施例】
以下、本発明について実施例により詳説する。本発明はこれにより限定されるものではない。まず、各測定法の概要を示す。
〈測定法の概要〉
(1) 全糖量の定量:
全糖量は検量線をD−キシロース(和光純薬工業(株)製)を用いて作製し、フェノール硫酸法(還元糖の定量法;学会出版センター)にて定量した。
(2) 還元糖量の定量:
還元糖量は検量線をD−キシロース(和光純薬工業(株)製)を用いて作製、ソモジ−ネルソン法(還元糖の定量法;学会出版センター)にて定量した。
(3) ウロン酸量の定量:
ウロン酸は検量線をD−グルクロン酸(和光純薬工業(株)製)を用いて作製、カルバゾール硫酸法(還元糖の定量法;学会出版センター)にて定量した。
(4) 平均重合度の決定法:
サンプル糖液を50℃に保ち15000rpmにて15分遠心分離し不溶物を除去し上清液の全糖量を還元糖量(共にキシロース換算)で割って平均重合度を求めた。
(5) 酸性キシロオリゴ糖の分析方法:
オリゴ糖鎖の分布はイオンクロマトグラフ(ダイオネクス社製、分析用カラム:Carbo Pac PA−10)を用いて分析した。分離溶媒には100mM NaOH溶液を用い、溶出溶媒には前述の分離溶媒に酢酸ナトリウムを500mMとなるように添加し、溶液比で、分離溶媒:溶出溶媒=10:0〜4:6となるような直線勾配を組み分離した。得られたクロマトグラムより、キシロース鎖長の上限と下限との差を求めた。
(6) オリゴ糖1分子あたりのウロン酸残基数の決定法
サンプル糖液を50℃に保ち15,000rpmにて15分遠心分離し不溶物を除去し上清液のウロン酸量(D−グルクロン酸換算)を還元糖量(キシロース換算)で割ってオリゴ糖1分子あたりのウロン酸残基数を求めた。
(7) 酵素力価の定義:
酵素として用いたキシラナーゼの活性測定にはカバキシラン(シグマ社製)を用いた。酵素力価の定義はキシラナーゼがキシランを分解することで得られる還元糖の還元力をDNS法(還元糖の定量法、学会出版センター発行)を用いて測定し、1分間に1マイクロモルのキシロースに相当する還元力を生成させる酵素量を1ユニットとした。
【0024】
<酸性および中性キシロオリゴ糖組成物の調製例>
<調製例1;酸性キシロオリゴ糖UX10の調製>
混合広葉樹チップ(国内産広葉樹70%、ユーカリ30%)を原料として、クラフト蒸解及び酸素脱リグニン工程により、酸素脱リグニンパルプスラリー(カッパー価9.6、パルプ粘度25.1cps)を得た。スラリーからパルプを濾別、洗浄した後、パルプ濃度10%、pH8に調製したパルプスラリーを用いて以下のキシラナーゼによる酵素処理を行った。
【0025】
バチルスsp.S−2113株(独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許微生物寄託センター、寄託菌株FERM BP-5264)の生産するキシラナーゼを1単位/パルプgとなるように添加した後、60℃で120分間処理した。その後、ろ過によりパルプ残渣を除去し、酵素処理液1050Lを得た。
【0026】
次に、得られた酵素処理液を濃縮工程、希酸処理工程、精製工程の順に供した。
濃縮工程では、逆浸透膜(日東電工(株)製、RO NTR-7410)を用いて濃縮液(40倍濃縮)を調製した。希酸処理工程では、得られた濃縮液のpHを3.5に調整した後、121℃で60分間加熱処理し、リグニンなどの高分子夾雑物の沈殿を形成させた。さらに、この沈殿をセラミックフィルターろ過で取り除くことにより、希酸処理溶液を得た。
【0027】
精製工程では、限外濾過・脱色工程、吸着工程の順に供した。限外濾過・脱色工程では、希酸処理溶液を限外濾過膜(オスモニクス社製、分画分子量8000)を通過させた後、活性炭(和光純薬(株)製)770gの添加及びセラミックフィルターろ過により脱色処理液を得た。吸着工程では、脱色処理液を強陽イオン交換樹脂(三菱化学(株)製PK218)、強陰イオン交換樹脂(三菱化学(株)製PA408)、強陽イオン交換樹脂(三菱化学(株)製PK218)各100kgを充填したカラムに順次通過させた後、弱陰イオン交換樹脂(三菱化学(株)製WA30)100kgを充填したカラムに供した。この弱陰イオン交換樹脂充填カラムから75mM NaCl溶液によって溶出した溶液をスプレードライ処理することによって、酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物の粉末(全糖量353g、回収率13.1%)を得た。前述の測定方法により、平均重合度10.3、キシロース鎖長の上限と下限との差は10、酸性キシロオリゴ糖1分子あたりウロン酸残基を1つ含む糖組成化合物であった。よって以下、この酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物をUX10とする。
【0028】
<調製例2;酸性キシロオリゴ糖UX5の調製>
調整例1と同様にして得られた希酸処理液1160mlに、スミチームX28mgを添加し、40℃で20時間反応させた。活性炭9.8gの添加及び加熱処理(70℃、1時間)により酵素を失活させた後、セラミックフィルターで活性炭を除去した。スミチームX処理液を調整例1と同様の精製工程を経て、酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物の粉末(全糖量21.3g、回収率22.2%)を得た。前述の測定方法により、平均重合度4.8、キシロース鎖長の上限と下限との差は9、酸性キシロオリゴ糖1分子あたりウロン酸残基を1つ含む糖組成化合物である事が分かった。以下、この酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物をUX5とする。
【0029】
<調製例3;酸性キシロオリゴ糖UX2の調製>
調製例1より得られたUX10の10%水溶液100mlに、スミチームX50mgを添加し、60℃、20時間反応後、弱アニオン交換樹脂(WA30)10gを充填したカラムに供した。カラムを水洗した後、75mM NaCl溶液によって溶出した溶液を凍結乾燥する事によって、酸性キシロオリゴ糖粉末(全糖量2.1g、回収率21%)を得た。前述の測定方法により、平均重合度2.3,キシロース鎖長の上限と下限の差は2,酸性キシロオリゴ糖1分子あたりウロン酸残基を1つ含む糖組成化合物であった。以下、この酸性オリゴ糖をUX2とする。
【0030】
<調製例4;中性キシロオリゴ糖X5の調製>
調整例2と同様にして、スミチームX処理液を得た後、その溶液1100mlを強陽イオン交換樹脂(PK218)、強陰イオン交換樹脂(PK408)、強陽イオン交換樹脂(PK218)、弱陰イオン交換樹脂(WA30)各100gを充填したカラムを順次通過させた。カラムを通過した画分を凍結乾燥することによって、ウロン酸側鎖を持たない中性キシロオリゴ糖組成物の粉末(全糖量49.7g、回収率54.7%)が得られた。前述の測定方法により、平均重合度4.8、キシロース鎖長の上限と下限との差は6、ウロン酸残基を含まない糖組成化合物であった。以下、この中性キシロオリゴ糖組成物をX5とする。
【0031】
次に、得られた酸性キシロオリゴ糖を用いて行ったラット骨粗鬆症予防試験の方法及び結果を示す。
【0032】
使用動物:日本チャールズリバーより5週齡のSD系雌性ラットを購入し、温度23±1℃、湿度55%±5%に設定した飼育室で、金属性ケージに個別飼いした。後に示す組成の飼料を自作し、3日間予備飼育した後、1群6匹のラットを低カルシウム食、及び普通食、更に低カルシウム食に酸性キシロオリゴ糖(UX2,5,10)または、グルクロン酸残基のついていない中性キシロオリゴ糖(X5)を5%配合した飼料を作成し、4週間自由摂取させた。各群の飼料組成を表1に示す。飼育4週後に頚椎脱臼法で屠殺し、大腿骨を取り出し生理食塩水に漬けて実験まで冷凍保存した。
【0033】
【表1】

Figure 0004178927
【0034】
<試験例1>大腿骨の皮質骨密度測定は次のように実施した。
使用装置:動物研究用pQCT骨密度測定装置(XCT Research SA+, Stratec Medizintecnik GmbH, Rforzhein Germany)測定方法:pQCT法(peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography)。
なお、骨には髄質骨と呼ばれる中心部分と、周囲を取り囲んでいる皮質骨と呼ばれる部分があり、骨の強度はほぼ皮質骨の強度と等しいとされているため、ここでは皮質骨密度を示した。結果を図1に示す
【0035】
<試験例2>大腿骨の破壊強度測定を次のように実施した。
骨3点曲げ試験はマルトー社製骨強度測定装置 MZ-500Sを用いた。3点曲げパラメータは測定時間30秒、最大荷重50kgfにて行なった。結果を図2に示す。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明で得られる酸性キシロオリゴ糖組成物を含有した骨粗鬆症予防剤は、低カルシウム食の状態でも、皮質骨密度の低下を防ぎ、骨強度を維持する効果がある。また、オリゴ糖であるため、食品や医薬品などへの応用は簡単であり、工業的に大量に安価に製造することができ、同一の製品が安定して生産でき、保存性が良いという利点がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 皮質骨密度の低下に及ぼすオリゴ糖の影響を示す図。
【図2】 大腿骨破壊強度に及ぼすオリゴ糖の影響を示す図。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel osteoporosis preventive agent used in the fields of foods, quasi drugs and pharmaceuticals. More specifically, the present invention relates to an osteoporosis preventive agent having excellent physiological activity and high safety.
[0002]
[Prior art]
With the arrival of an aging society, the problem of osteoporosis has been highlighted. Currently, it is estimated that there are more than 10 million osteoporosis patients in Japan, 70% of which are women. In general, after bone mass reaches its maximum during the youth period, both men and women decrease with age. In particular, postmenopausal women are expected to rapidly lose bone mass and eventually lose nearly half of their bones. Even in the case of males, osteoporosis gradually increases after the age of 60, and it is said that 4 out of 10 people will become osteoporotic at the age of 70 and over. Therefore, from a preventive point of view, it is necessary to increase the bone mass as much as possible by the youth period through appropriate exercise and a balanced diet. However, in addition to the chronic shortage of calcium intake in the current diet of young people, the diet boom has spurred and osteoporosis in the teens and twenties has recently become a new problem. .
[0003]
Over 90% of osteoporosis is said to be primary, and no obvious cause of onset is known. However, it is known that the relationship with female hormones is important because of the severe bone loss in women after menopause or because of illness and removal of the uterus and ovaries. Therefore, hormone replacement therapy and female hormone analogs are used for treatment, and calcitonin, a hormone that regulates bone metabolism, and bisphosphonate, a drug that suppresses bone resorption, are used as therapeutic agents. In addition to being insufficient, there are problems of side effects. In particular, as a measure against osteoporosis in teens and twenties, development of a preventive agent having no side effects is desired.
[0004]
In order to prevent osteoporosis, vitamin D contained in natto and other vitamins that help calcium absorption are emphasized as well as high-calcium meals, but it can be applied to various foods and also at home. A prophylactic agent for osteoporosis is expected as a safe and highly effective calcium absorption adjuvant that can be easily ingested. (See Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2)
[0005]
Already known galactooligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides (see Non-Patent Document 3) as components that assist in the absorption of calcium, galactooligosaccharides (see Patent Documents 1 and 2) and indigestible oligosaccharides such as fructooligosaccharides A calcium absorption promoter (see Patent Document 3) as an active ingredient has been proposed. Further, a mineral absorption promoter (see Patent Document 4) containing lactulose oligosaccharide as an active ingredient, lactose sucrose (see Patent Document 5), N-acetylneuraminic acid-linked oligosaccharide (see Patent Document 6), trehalose Although there is a report on an anti-osteoporosis agent as an active ingredient (see Patent Document 7), there is no report that acidic xylo-oligosaccharide has this effect.
[0006]
Other than oligosaccharides, those containing peptides as active ingredients (see, for example, Patent Documents 8 and 9), those using plant extracts (see, for example, Patent Documents 10, 11, 12), and foods enriched with vitamin K (for example, Patent Documents) There are many reports such as 13, 14).
[0007]
In addition, regarding the physiological effect of acidic xylo-oligosaccharides, there is a description of the rooting promotion effect of cedar cuttings in hydroponics (see Non-Patent Document 4), but there is no disclosure regarding an osteoporosis preventive agent.
[0008]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Published by Nippon Clinic, "Osteoporosis" (Japan Clinical Extra Number) p1-6, (2002)
[Non-Patent Document 2]
Medical Practice Vol.19, No.10,1609-1615 (2002)
[Non-Patent Document 3]
Journal of Japanese Society of Nutrition and Food, Vol.44, P287-291, 1991 [Non-patent Document 4]
Published by Cellulase Study Group, Cellulase Study Group Vol.16, published on June 14, 2001, P17-26
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-134031
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-6-205654
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-7-252156
[Patent Document 4]
JP-A-6-205653
[Patent Document 5]
JP-A-7-33668
[Patent Document 6]
JP 7-316177 A
[Patent Document 7]
JP 2000-38343 A
[Patent Document 8]
JP-A-5-000965
[Patent Document 9]
JP 5-178758 A
[Patent Document 10]
JP-A-6-340542
[Patent Document 11]
JP-A-6-183985
[Patent Document 12]
JP2000-053576
[Patent Document 13]
JP-A-11-196820
[Patent Document 14]
JP 10-056959 A
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the present invention, an object of the present invention is to provide an osteoporosis preventive agent that is excellent in the effect of promoting bone formation, has high safety and stability, and can be applied to the human body as a preventive agent for osteoporosis.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above circumstances, the present inventors have intensively studied on an effective use of xylooligosaccharide and an osteoporosis preventive agent having a high effect of preventing osteoporosis. The invention has been completed.
[0011]
The present invention employs the following configuration. That is, the first of the present invention is “an osteoporosis preventive agent comprising an acidic xylo-oligosaccharide having a uronic acid residue in the xylo-oligosaccharide molecule as an active ingredient”.
[0012]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the acidic xylo-oligosaccharide is a mixed composition of oligosaccharides having different degrees of xylose polymerization, and the average degree of polymerization is 2.0 to 15.0. It is a preventive agent for osteoporosis.
[0013]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the invention, the acidic xylo-oligosaccharide is “a complex of a xylo-oligosaccharide component and a lignin component by enzymatically and / or physicochemically treating a lignocellulose material. Then, the complex is subjected to an acid hydrolysis treatment to obtain a xylooligosaccharide mixture. From the resulting xylooligosaccharide mixture, xylooligosaccharide having at least one uronic acid residue as a side chain in one molecule is separated. It is an agent for preventing osteoporosis characterized by being “obtained”.
[0014]
A fourth aspect of the present invention is the osteoporosis preventive agent according to the first to third aspects, wherein the uronic acid is glucuronic acid or 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail. The xylooligosaccharide refers to a xylose polymer that is a dimer of xylose, a xylotriose that is a trimer, or a tetramer to a 20-mer polymer of xylose. The acidic xylo-oligosaccharide used in the present invention means one having at least one uronic acid residue in one molecule of xylo-oligosaccharide.
Moreover, the mixed composition of the oligosaccharide from which the polymerization degree of xylose differs may be sufficient. Generally, it is often obtained as such a composition in order to produce it from a natural product. Hereinafter, an acidic xylo-oligosaccharide composition will be mainly described.
In the composition, the numerical value represented by the average degree of polymerization is an average value of the xylose chain length of the acidic xylooligosaccharide having a normal distribution, preferably 2.0 to 15.0, more preferably 8.0 to 12.0. The difference between the upper limit and the lower limit of the xylose chain length is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 2-8. Uronic acid is known in nature as a component of a polysaccharide having various physiological activities such as pectin, pectinic acid, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, and deltaman sulfate. The uronic acid in the present invention is not particularly limited, but glucuronic acid or 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid is preferable.
[0016]
If the above acidic xylo-oligosaccharide composition can be obtained, its production method is not particularly limited. (1) A method of extracting xylan from wood and enzymatically decomposing it (see Non-patent Document 4). And (2) a lignocellulose material is enzymatically and / or physicochemically processed to obtain a complex of a xylooligosaccharide component and a lignin component, and then the complex is acid hydrolyzed to obtain a xylooligosaccharide mixture, Examples thereof include a method for separating xylo-oligosaccharide having at least one uronic acid residue as a side chain in one molecule from the obtained xylo-oligosaccharide mixture.
In particular, the method (2) is preferable in that a polymer having a relatively high degree of polymerization such as a 5-10 mer can be produced in a large amount at a low cost, and an outline thereof is shown below.
[0017]
The acidic oligosaccharide composition can be obtained through a hydrolysis process, a concentration process, a dilute acid treatment process, and a purification process using a lignocellulosic material derived from chemical pulp as a raw material. In the hydrolysis process, xylan in lignocellulose is selectively hydrolyzed with dilute acid treatment, high-temperature and high-pressure steam (cooking / explosion) treatment, or hemicellulase, and a high molecular weight complex composed of xylooligosaccharide and lignin is intermediated. Get as a body. In the concentration step, the xylooligosaccharide-lignin-like substance complex is concentrated by a reverse osmosis membrane or the like, and oligosaccharides having a low polymerization degree, low-molecular impurities, and the like can be removed. In the concentration step, a reverse osmosis membrane is preferably used, but ultrafiltration membrane, salting out, dialysis and the like are also possible. A lignin-like substance is released from the complex by the diluted acid treatment step of the obtained concentrated liquid, and a diluted acid-treated liquid containing acidic xylo-oligosaccharides and neutral xylo-oligosaccharides can be obtained. At this time, the lignin-like substance separated from the complex condenses and precipitates under acidic conditions, and can be removed by filtration using a ceramic filter or filter paper. In the dilute acid treatment step, acid hydrolysis is preferably used, but enzymatic degradation using lignin degrading enzyme or the like is also possible.
[0018]
The purification process includes an ultrafiltration process, a decolorization process, and an adsorption process. Some lignin-like substances remain in the solution as soluble polymers, but are removed by an ultrafiltration process, and most of impurities such as coloring substances are removed by a decolorization process using activated carbon. In the ultrafiltration step, an ultrafiltration membrane is preferably used, but reverse osmosis membrane, salting out, dialysis and the like are also possible. Acid xylo-oligosaccharides and neutral xylo-oligosaccharides are dissolved in the sugar solution thus obtained. Only an acidic xylo-oligosaccharide can be extracted from this sugar solution by an adsorption process using an ion exchange resin. First, the sugar solution is treated with a strong cation exchange resin to remove metal ions in the sugar solution. Next, sulfate ions and the like in the sugar solution are removed using a strong anion exchange resin. In this step, simultaneously with the removal of sulfate ions, a part of the organic acid, which is a weak acid, and the colored component are simultaneously removed. The sugar solution treated with the strong anion exchange resin is treated again with the strong cation exchange resin to further remove metal ions. Finally, it is treated with a weak anion exchange resin to adsorb acidic xylo-oligosaccharides to the resin.
[0019]
By eluting the acidic oligosaccharide adsorbed on the resin with a low-concentration salt (NaCl, CaCl 2 , KCl, MgCl 2, etc.), an acidic xylooligosaccharide solution free from impurities can be obtained. From this solution, for example, a powder of a white acidic xylo-oligosaccharide composition can be obtained by spray drying or freeze-drying treatment.
[0020]
The merit of the above-mentioned production method of acidic xylooligosaccharide composition using chemical pulp-derived lignocellulose as a raw material and high molecular weight complex consisting of xylooligosaccharide and lignin as an intermediate is economical and acidic with high average polymerization degree of xylose. The xylo-oligosaccharide composition is easily obtained. The average degree of polymerization can be changed, for example, by adjusting dilute acid treatment conditions or treating with hemicellulase again. In addition, by changing the salt concentration of the eluate used for elution of the weak anion exchange resin, acidic xylo-oligosaccharide compositions having different numbers of uronic acid residues bound per molecule can be obtained. Furthermore, it is also possible to obtain an acidic xylo-oligosaccharide composition in which the uronic acid binding site is limited to the terminal by acting an appropriate xylanase or hemicellulase.
[0021]
The acidic xylo-oligosaccharide composition thus obtained can be usually dissolved in water and contained in an osteoporosis therapeutic agent. If necessary, components other than the xylo-oligosaccharide composition such as glucose, maltose, fructose, Carbohydrates such as sucrose, sorbitol, xylitol, amino acids such as L-leucine, L-lysine, L-valine, L-alanine, vitamins such as thiamine hydrochloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, calcium pantothenate, nicotinamide, and ordinary Calcium lactate used for the treatment of osteoporosis, calcium agents such as calcium hydrogen phosphate, vitamin D and vitamin K can be contained at the same time. Further, it may be contained in a microcapsule using lecithin or the like. The content of the acidic xylo-oligosaccharide or the acidic xylo-oligosaccharide composition in the osteoporosis therapeutic agent can be used in the range of 0.001 to 20% (hereinafter all mass%), but 0.01 to 10% Is more preferable.
[0022]
The osteoporosis preventive agent containing the acidic xylo-oligosaccharide composition of the present invention can take the form of granules, capsules, tablets, powders, beverages and the like. Furthermore, it can be blended with other foods or eaten as it is. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular about the mixing | blending ratio in the case of mix | blending, Since a stomach | tension may become loose when intake is excessive, it should be 10 g or less per day, Preferably it is about 1 g. Intestinal regulation can also be expected by ingestion of oligosaccharides.
[0023]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. The present invention is not limited thereby. First, an overview of each measurement method is shown.
<Outline of measurement method>
(1) Quantification of total sugar content:
The total sugar amount was prepared by using a calibration curve with D-xylose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and quantified by the phenol-sulfuric acid method (reducing sugar quantification method; Academic Publishing Center).
(2) Quantification of reducing sugar content:
The amount of reducing sugar was prepared using D-xylose (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) with a calibration curve, and quantified by the Sommoji-Nelson method (quantitative method for reducing sugar; Academic Publishing Center).
(3) Quantification of uronic acid content:
Uronic acid was prepared using D-glucuronic acid (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) with a calibration curve, and quantified by the carbazole sulfate method (quantitative method for reducing sugar; Japan Society for the Science of Publishing).
(4) Determination of average degree of polymerization:
The sample sugar solution was kept at 50 ° C. and centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 15 minutes to remove insoluble matter, and the total sugar amount in the supernatant was divided by the reducing sugar amount (both converted to xylose) to determine the average degree of polymerization.
(5) Analytical method of acid xylooligosaccharide:
The oligosaccharide chain distribution was analyzed using an ion chromatograph (Dionex, analytical column: Carbo Pac PA-10). A 100 mM NaOH solution is used as a separation solvent, and sodium acetate is added to the above-mentioned separation solvent so as to have a concentration of 500 mM as an elution solvent, so that the separation solvent: elution solvent = 10: 0 to 4: 6 in a solution ratio. A simple linear gradient was combined and separated. From the obtained chromatogram, the difference between the upper limit and the lower limit of the xylose chain length was determined.
(6) Determination of the number of uronic acid residues per molecule of oligosaccharide Maintaining the sample sugar solution at 50 ° C. and centrifuging at 15,000 rpm for 15 minutes to remove insoluble matters and the amount of uronic acid in the supernatant (D- The number of uronic acid residues per oligosaccharide molecule was determined by dividing glucuronic acid equivalent) by reducing sugar amount (xylose equivalent).
(7) Definition of enzyme titer:
Kabikilan (manufactured by Sigma) was used to measure the activity of the xylanase used as the enzyme. The enzyme titer is defined by measuring the reducing power of reducing sugar obtained by xylanase degrading xylan using the DNS method (quantitative method for reducing sugar, published by Academic Publishing Center), and 1 micromole of xylose per minute. The amount of enzyme that generates a reducing power corresponding to 1 was defined as 1 unit.
[0024]
<Preparation Example of Acidic and Neutral Xylooligosaccharide Composition>
<Preparation Example 1; Preparation of acidic xylooligosaccharide UX10>
Oxygen delignified pulp slurry (kappa number 9.6, pulp viscosity 25.1 cps) was obtained from mixed hardwood chips (domestic hardwood 70%, eucalyptus 30%) as raw materials by kraft cooking and oxygen delignification processes. After the pulp was filtered and washed from the slurry, the following enzyme treatment with xylanase was performed using a pulp slurry adjusted to a pulp concentration of 10% and pH 8.
[0025]
After adding xylanase produced by Bacillus sp. S-2113 strain (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Microbial Deposit Center, deposited strain FERM BP-5264) to 1 unit / g of pulp, 120 ° C. at 120 ° C. Treated for minutes. Thereafter, the pulp residue was removed by filtration to obtain 1050 L of an enzyme treatment liquid.
[0026]
Next, the obtained enzyme treatment solution was subjected to a concentration step, a dilute acid treatment step, and a purification step in this order.
In the concentration step, a concentrated solution (40-fold concentrated) was prepared using a reverse osmosis membrane (RO NTR-7410, manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation). In the dilute acid treatment step, the pH of the obtained concentrated solution was adjusted to 3.5 and then heat-treated at 121 ° C. for 60 minutes to form precipitates of polymer contaminants such as lignin. Further, this precipitate was removed by ceramic filter filtration to obtain a diluted acid treatment solution.
[0027]
In the purification process, the ultrafiltration / decolorization process and the adsorption process were performed in this order. In the ultrafiltration / decolorization step, after passing the dilute acid treatment solution through an ultrafiltration membrane (Osmonics, molecular weight cut off 8000), addition of 770 g of activated carbon (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and ceramic filter filtration To obtain a decolorization treatment solution. In the adsorption process, the decolorization treatment liquid is a strong cation exchange resin (PK218 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), a strong anion exchange resin (PA408 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and a strong cation exchange resin (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation). PK218) Each was sequentially passed through a column packed with 100 kg, and then applied to a column packed with 100 kg of a weak anion exchange resin (WA30 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation). The solution eluted from the weak anion exchange resin-packed column with a 75 mM NaCl solution was spray-dried to obtain an acidic xylooligosaccharide composition powder (total sugar amount 353 g, recovery rate 13.1%). According to the measurement method described above, the average polymerization degree was 10.3, the difference between the upper limit and the lower limit of the xylose chain length was 10, and the sugar composition compound contained one uronic acid residue per molecule of acidic xylooligosaccharide. Therefore, hereinafter, this acidic xylo-oligosaccharide composition is referred to as UX10.
[0028]
<Preparation Example 2; Preparation of acidic xylooligosaccharide UX5>
Sumiteam X28 mg was added to 1160 ml of the diluted acid treatment solution obtained in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, and reacted at 40 ° C. for 20 hours. After inactivating the enzyme by adding 9.8 g of activated carbon and heat treatment (70 ° C., 1 hour), the activated carbon was removed with a ceramic filter. The Sumiteam X treatment solution was subjected to the same purification process as in Preparation Example 1 to obtain an acidic xylo-oligosaccharide composition powder (total sugar amount 21.3 g, recovery rate 22.2%). According to the measurement method described above, the average polymerization degree was 4.8, the difference between the upper limit and the lower limit of the xylose chain length was 9, and the sugar composition compound contained one uronic acid residue per molecule of acidic xylooligosaccharide. Hereinafter, this acidic xylo-oligosaccharide composition is referred to as UX5.
[0029]
<Preparation Example 3; Preparation of acidic xylooligosaccharide UX2>
50 mg of Sumiteam X was added to 100 ml of 10% aqueous solution of UX10 obtained from Preparation Example 1, and after reaction at 60 ° C. for 20 hours, it was applied to a column packed with 10 g of weak anion exchange resin (WA30). After washing the column with water, the solution eluted with 75 mM NaCl solution was freeze-dried to obtain acidic xylo-oligosaccharide powder (total sugar amount 2.1 g, recovery rate 21%). According to the measurement method described above, the average polymerization degree was 2.3, the difference between the upper limit and the lower limit of the xylose chain length was 2, and the sugar composition compound contained one uronic acid residue per molecule of acidic xylooligosaccharide. Hereinafter, this acidic oligosaccharide is referred to as UX2.
[0030]
<Preparation Example 4; Preparation of neutral xylo-oligosaccharide X5>
In the same manner as in Preparation Example 2, after obtaining a Sumiteam X treatment solution, 1100 ml of the solution was added to a strong cation exchange resin (PK218), a strong anion exchange resin (PK408), a strong cation exchange resin (PK218), and a weak anion. A column packed with 100 g each of ion exchange resin (WA30) was sequentially passed. The fraction that passed through the column was freeze-dried to obtain a powder of a neutral xylo-oligosaccharide composition having no uronic acid side chain (total sugar amount 49.7 g, recovery rate 54.7%). According to the measurement method described above, the average polymerization degree was 4.8, the difference between the upper limit and the lower limit of the xylose chain length was 6, and the sugar composition compound did not contain uronic acid residues. Hereinafter, this neutral xylo-oligosaccharide composition is referred to as X5.
[0031]
Next, the method and result of the rat osteoporosis prevention test performed using the obtained acid xylo-oligosaccharide are shown.
[0032]
Animals used: SD female rats, 5 weeks old, were purchased from Charles River, Japan and kept individually in metal cages in a breeding room set at a temperature of 23 ± 1 ° C. and a humidity of 55% ± 5%. After making a feed of the composition shown later and pre-feeding for 3 days, one group of 6 rats was fed with a low calcium diet, a normal diet, and further a low calcium diet with acidic xylooligosaccharides (UX2, 5, 10) or glucuronic acid A feed containing 5% of neutral xylo-oligosaccharide (X5) having no residue was prepared and allowed to freely ingest for 4 weeks. Table 1 shows the feed composition of each group. Four weeks after the breeding, the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the femurs were taken out and immersed in physiological saline and stored frozen until the experiment.
[0033]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004178927
[0034]
<Test Example 1> Cortical bone density of the femur was measured as follows.
Device used: pQCT bone density measuring device for animal research (XCT Research SA +, Stratec Medizintecnik GmbH, Rforzhein Germany) Measuring method: pQCT method (peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography).
The bone has a central part called medullary bone and a part called cortical bone that surrounds the bone. The bone strength is almost equal to the strength of cortical bone. It was. The results are shown in FIG.
<Test Example 2> The fracture strength of the femur was measured as follows.
The bone three-point bending test was performed using a bone strength measuring device MZ-500S manufactured by Marto. The three-point bending parameters were measured at a measurement time of 30 seconds and a maximum load of 50 kgf. The results are shown in FIG.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
The osteoporosis preventive agent containing the acidic xylo-oligosaccharide composition obtained in the present invention has an effect of preventing a decrease in cortical bone density and maintaining bone strength even in a low calcium diet state. In addition, since it is an oligosaccharide, it can be easily applied to foods and pharmaceuticals, and can be manufactured industrially in large quantities at low cost, and the same product can be produced stably and has good storage stability. is there.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the influence of oligosaccharides on the reduction of cortical bone density.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of oligosaccharides on femoral fracture strength.

Claims (4)

キシロオリゴ糖分子中にウロン酸残基を有する酸性キシロオリゴ糖を有効成分とする骨粗鬆症予防剤。An osteoporosis-preventing agent comprising, as an active ingredient, an acidic xylo-oligosaccharide having a uronic acid residue in the xylo-oligosaccharide molecule. 該酸性キシロオリゴ糖が、キシロースの重合度が異なるオリゴ糖の混合組成物であり、平均重合度が2.0〜15.0であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の骨粗鬆症予防剤。The osteoporosis-preventing agent according to claim 1, wherein the acidic xylooligosaccharide is a mixed composition of oligosaccharides having different degrees of polymerization of xylose and having an average degree of polymerization of 2.0 to 15.0. 前記酸性キシロオリゴ糖が、「リグノセルロース材料を酵素的及び/又は物理化学的に処理してキシロオリゴ糖成分とリグニン成分の複合体を得、次いで該複合体を酸加水分解処理してキシロオリゴ糖混合物を得、得られるキシロオリゴ糖混合物から、1分子中に少なくとも1つ以上のウロン酸残基を側鎖として有するキシロオリゴ糖を分離して得たもの」であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の骨粗鬆症予防剤。The acidic xylo-oligosaccharides are expressed as follows: “Lignocellulosic material is treated enzymatically and / or physicochemically to obtain a complex of xylo-oligosaccharide component and lignin component, and then the complex is subjected to acid hydrolysis treatment to produce a xylooligosaccharide mixture. The obtained xylo-oligosaccharide mixture is obtained by separating xylo-oligosaccharide having at least one uronic acid residue as a side chain in one molecule ". 2. The osteoporosis preventive agent according to 2. ウロン酸がグルクロン酸もしくは4-O-メチル-グルクロン酸であることを特徴とする請求項1〜請求項3のいずれかに記載の骨粗鬆症予防剤。The osteoporosis preventive agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein uronic acid is glucuronic acid or 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid.
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